Process-oriented writing is the main way for teachers to precisely control the problems and weak links presented by students in each writing stage.Therefore,it is possible to design teaching activities that are in lin...Process-oriented writing is the main way for teachers to precisely control the problems and weak links presented by students in each writing stage.Therefore,it is possible to design teaching activities that are in line with their cognitive levels based on students’needs;promote writing through debate,attach importance to the high integration of reading,speaking,and writing;and strengthen the subjectivity of students in writing by taking interest as the lead and life as the source.展开更多
Competence in academic writing in college is a challenging as well as an engaging task for many college students. Argumentative writing and acknowledging the counterargument is one of modes that is introduced in fresh...Competence in academic writing in college is a challenging as well as an engaging task for many college students. Argumentative writing and acknowledging the counterargument is one of modes that is introduced in freshman classes; however, college students approach writing with a certain mindset. Learning to write in different modes could be exciting when taught utilizing a film or a documentary. Using a documentary, such as Devil＇s Playground, writing professors not only initiate interest in culture learning and cultural understanding but also motivate students to use argumentation to foster critical thinking as well as cultural understanding.展开更多
This study investigated the effect of explicit instruction about DCs in argumentative writings by 15 Chinese learners of English. This study involved in a 4-week experiment. Pre-and post-writing tests were quantitativ...This study investigated the effect of explicit instruction about DCs in argumentative writings by 15 Chinese learners of English. This study involved in a 4-week experiment. Pre-and post-writing tests were quantitatively analyzed to examine whether the explicit instruction about DCs had a significant effect on the students'argumentative writing. The findings revealed that the ex-plicit instruction of the target DCs facilitated the improvement of the participants in their argumentative writing .展开更多
Based on the theoretical foundation of thematic progression construction, this paper introduces several common patterns of thematic progression and attempts to find applicability of patterns of thematic progression in...Based on the theoretical foundation of thematic progression construction, this paper introduces several common patterns of thematic progression and attempts to find applicability of patterns of thematic progression in the teaching of CET-4 argumentative writing from the perspective of discourse so as to show the implication of these patterns for the teaching of college English writing.展开更多
This paper centers on the research on the enhancement of the argumentative writing ability of medical school learners through Email.And in recent years,the argumentative writing has been examined much more frequently ...This paper centers on the research on the enhancement of the argumentative writing ability of medical school learners through Email.And in recent years,the argumentative writing has been examined much more frequently that other writing styles in Band-4 Exams.As to how to enhance their argumentative writing ability,the author tries to use Email as a way of communication.Email as an instantaneous communication way,could be used to the utmost in this research.All the data collected for this research is true.The author made a careful analysis.And this paper will give us the result of this practice.展开更多
The primary concern of this paper is to address the issue of discrepancies between teachers intuitively defined stronger and weaker student argumentative writings.There exists a problem in Chinese university EFL writi...The primary concern of this paper is to address the issue of discrepancies between teachers intuitively defined stronger and weaker student argumentative writings.There exists a problem in Chinese university EFL writing classrooms that the teachers'remarks on student compositions are often found to be rather vague or even unhelpful.Remarks such as Needs further amendment and You wrote just like the way you speak cannot supply students with explicit reasons of what is really needed for their writing improvement.Affirming the dialectal view on text-context relationship held by Systemic Functional Grammar(SFG),the theoretical propositions of Rich Feature Analysis(Barton,2004) are contended to a sound solution to the problem proposed by this paper.To demonstrate its feasibility,the paper followed the gist of Rich Feature Analysis to analyze a corpus of four argumentative writings on same topics.The paper consolidates "the spoken-written continuum"(Barton,2004,p.64),and concludes stronger argumentative writings should own at least one of the following properties: product-like,condensed,recursive,coherent,distanced,and open to scrutiny.The absence of lexical density and nominalization constitutes the main reason for writing deficiencies by tertiary students.The implications for learning the register of schooling are discussed.展开更多
The Syllabus for English Majors at Universities and Colleges(2000) makes it clear to further strengthen the English majors' critical thinking and logical reasoning ability.But how to effectively incorporate the cu...The Syllabus for English Majors at Universities and Colleges(2000) makes it clear to further strengthen the English majors' critical thinking and logical reasoning ability.But how to effectively incorporate the cultivation of critical thinking skills into English majors' core courses,such as the writing courses,remains one of the most important tasks of teaching reform for English majors.The present study is aimed at having a systematic analysis on the causal reasoning deficiencies in English majors' argumentative writing.Furthermore,the reasons resulting in the causal reasoning deficiencies and the implications for the teaching of second language writing are explored.展开更多
It is known that writing is one of the main basic language skills and is very important for the ESL learners.However,writing skill is normally the more complex and challenging one,especially for Chinese ESL learners.A...It is known that writing is one of the main basic language skills and is very important for the ESL learners.However,writing skill is normally the more complex and challenging one,especially for Chinese ESL learners.A successful written discourse is influenced by a variety of elements and the good use of cohesive device is one of them.In this paper,by using the Halliday&Hasan’s taxonomy of cohesive devices as the framework,the features of cohesive devices which Chinese ESL learners have adopted in their argumentative writings will be analyzed and identified.展开更多
The objective of the study is to examine the effects of Problem based English writing instruction on Thai Upper secondary school students' critical thinking abilities and argumentative writing skill.In this study,...The objective of the study is to examine the effects of Problem based English writing instruction on Thai Upper secondary school students' critical thinking abilities and argumentative writing skill.In this study,the researcher constructed 18weeks' training in a prestigious secondary school M6 level.The instruments used in this research include lesson plans,writing assignments,instructional material and topics.Critical thinking pre- test and post test were used to measure students' critical thinking development.Scoring rubric was designed to measure students' argumentative writing development.The data were analyzed using mean,t-test,correlation through SPSS system.The results of the analyses reveal that 1) students who learn through Problem based English Writing Instruction gained significantly higher average scores on the critical thinking post test than the critical thinking pre-test at the significance level of 0.05 and the mean difference is 0.5 which is referred to large effect;2) students who learn through Problem based English Writing Instruction gained significantly higher average score on their fifth argumentative writing assignment than the average score of their first argumentative writing assignment at the significance level of 0.05,with the mean of the effect size at 0.84 which referred to large effect.Problem-based English writing instruction was proved to be an effective way in improving students' Critical thinking and argumentative writing.展开更多
Compared structural approach with communicative approach, the former puts too much emphasis on linguistic knowledge and neglects the language application, while the latter lays too much emphasis on the communicative c...Compared structural approach with communicative approach, the former puts too much emphasis on linguistic knowledge and neglects the language application, while the latter lays too much emphasis on the communicative classroom activities and neglects the systematic study of linguistic knowledge. Both of them cannot meet the requirements of improving the non-English major students＇ argumentative writing scores. So based on the Lexical Approach theory, taking the College English Integrated Course 4 （LI, 2003） as the main teaching material and lexical phrases as teaching and learning units, this study explores the effectiveness of the Lexical Approach in improving non-English major students＇ argumentative writing through classroom activities of input, absorption, and output of lexical phrases. The results show that lexical phrases have more effects on students＇ English competence than single words. They can help to improve the argumentative writing scores and cultivate an interest in learning English independently.展开更多
Argumentative English writing is an important touchstone of Chinese advanced English learners’English competence.Herbert Paul Grice’s“cooperative principles”(including maxims of quantity,quality,relation,and manne...Argumentative English writing is an important touchstone of Chinese advanced English learners’English competence.Herbert Paul Grice’s“cooperative principles”(including maxims of quantity,quality,relation,and manner),as“lubricant”of human communication would help build up harmonious and friendly atmosphere for the communication between the Chinese writers and their target readers,thereby providing them,as well as their instructors,with feasible evaluative criteria for judging the effectiveness of their argumentative English writing.展开更多
Based on the six Thematic Progression patterns proposed by Huang Guowen,a comparative study of argumentative writing by Chinese English majors is carried out,aiming at finding out the features of thematic progression ...Based on the six Thematic Progression patterns proposed by Huang Guowen,a comparative study of argumentative writing by Chinese English majors is carried out,aiming at finding out the features of thematic progression in college writing from a developmental perspective.The research results show that the parallel progression,the continuous progression and the concentrated progression are the tendency TP patterns by Chinese English Majors in the argumentative writing.In addition,Grade two is a key stage where the ability has a substantial change.Therefore,teachers and students should take full advantage of the best learning opportunity.展开更多
Purpose:The study sought to examine the effectiveness of a dialogue-based argument intervention in enhancing Chinese middle school students'integration of conflicting information from multiple texts in argumentati...Purpose:The study sought to examine the effectiveness of a dialogue-based argument intervention in enhancing Chinese middle school students'integration of conflicting information from multiple texts in argumentative writing.Design/Approach/Methods:The study followed a quasi-experimental design with pre-assessment and post-assessment,comparing seventh-grade intervention and non-participating control students'individual post-assessment writing performance on a non-discourse topic involving geneticallymodified foods.Findings:Intervention students outperformed control students in integrating textual evidence inconsistent with one's position.Specifically,intervention students were more successful in integrating position-inconsistent information with their prior knowledge or integrating multiple pieces of position-inconsistent information from one text or across multiple texts.Intervention students were also more successful in integrating two pieces of conflicting information.When judging text trustworthiness,intervention students trusted a primary source to a greater extent and showed greater gains in taking into consideration the epistemological aspect,as well as one's own or a text's position on the issue.OriginalityNalue:The present study demonstrated the effectiveness of the dialogue-based argument curriculum in promoting Chinese middle school students'ability to write integrated essays from multiple texts.展开更多
Introduction Argument skills are fundamental intellectual skills implicated in a variety of higher-order intellectual practices characteristic of the 21st century such as critical thinking(Kuhn,2018),scientific inquir...Introduction Argument skills are fundamental intellectual skills implicated in a variety of higher-order intellectual practices characteristic of the 21st century such as critical thinking(Kuhn,2018),scientific inquiry(Kuhn,2010),knowledge construction(lordanou et al.,2019),and belief revision(Kuhn et al.,2020).The latest educational policies and curriculum standards in multiple countries have recognized the importance of argumentative competence by identifying it as a major objective of elementary and secondary school education.展开更多
This paper reports a study on a Chinese English major＇s argumentative English writings focusing on the development of her thinking capacities and factors that facilitate or constrain such development. The data came f...This paper reports a study on a Chinese English major＇s argumentative English writings focusing on the development of her thinking capacities and factors that facilitate or constrain such development. The data came from three sources： her essays, reflective journals, and my semi-structured interviews with her. Major findings can be summed up as follows： 1） at the initial stage, the participant was weak in rational thinking; 2） as she had more writing practice, she made progress in ideas and organization of ideas but not in expression of ideas; and 3） factors facilitating or constraining her development primarily include language input, cultural identification, teacher feedback and motivation.展开更多
Physical restraint is one of the most controversial methods in managing aggressive behaviors and maintaining patients' safety. This manuscript purposed to convince stockholders and policymakers of the negative imp...Physical restraint is one of the most controversial methods in managing aggressive behaviors and maintaining patients' safety. This manuscript purposed to convince stockholders and policymakers of the negative impact of physical restraint on patients' psychological and physical health. The current authors review the ethical and legal underpinnings of the opponents' and proponents' views. On one hand, there is a clear violation of the main principles of the code of ethics. Autonomy and justice;as the patients are tied against their will and without obtaining their consent, non-maleficent;as physical restraints are reported in many cases of physical and psychological traumas, thus many agencies prohibited the use of physical restraints as a safety method to be replaced with other deescalating techniques. On the other hand, physical restraints are a precious method in controlling aggressive behaviors and maintaining patients' safety, which is the selective beneficence in providing patient care. Also, most of the same agencies who prohibited the use of restraints, agreed the use of physical restraint as the last resor t.Summary statement What is already known about this topic?· Currently, physical restraint is used as the first accessible method to manage patients' behaviors, without considering the negative aura that surrounds the way of treatment. The usage of physical restraint has gone beyond the purpose of maintaining patient safety and managing aggressive behaviors to be a punishment method.· The Ethical and Legal context of using physical restraints is still vague and needs more clarification.What does this paper add?· This manuscript illustrates the Ethical and Legal points of view of the opponents and proponents of using physical restraints.· The current manuscript clearly justifies the authors' point of view to oppose physical restraints usage and how physical restraints violate the core principles of the code of ethics. In addition, it illustrates the legal agencies that suppor t/oppose the usage of physical restraint and the rationale beyond that position.· This manuscript provides alternatives to manage patients' aggressive behaviors and other ways to protect patients' safety as well as patient's dignity and code of ethics.The implications of this paper This argumentative essay provides an accessible, relevant exploration of public health policy, and its impact on nursing practice, mental health services, and patient health. Moreover, it provides a forum for mental health services to evaluate the current implications of physical restraints. The manuscript creates a paradigm for future studies and projects on physical restraints usage.展开更多
In Part 2 of David Hume’s Dialogues Concerning Natural Religion,Cleanthes puts forth the analogical Argument from Design,the argument intended to establish that the designer of the world possesses an intelligence sim...In Part 2 of David Hume’s Dialogues Concerning Natural Religion,Cleanthes puts forth the analogical Argument from Design,the argument intended to establish that the designer of the world possesses an intelligence similar to human intelligence,in light of Cleanthes’claim that the design of the world resembles machines of human contrivance.Philo argues that this argument fails,because the world does not bear a specific resemblance to any type of machine,and,therefore,there is no basis for reasoning analogically to an intelligent cause of design.In Part 3,Cleanthes attempts to strengthen his case through two illustrative analogies:I will examine the first of these-the Articulate Voice speaking from the clouds.Scholarship generally regards the Articulate Voice illustration to fail,precisely because nothing in this illustrative analogy assists Philo in understanding that the world is a machine.My paper/talk reveals that Philo provides additional criticisms of the Articulate Voice illustration in Parts 6 and 7 of the Dialogues,which make Philo’s critique even stronger and more enlightening regarding his critical approach to the Design Argument than can be learned from Part 2 alone.展开更多
The reactor pressure vessel(RPV)is susceptible to brittle fracture due to the influence of ion irradiation and high temperature,which presents a significant risk to the safe operation of nuclear reactors.It has been d...The reactor pressure vessel(RPV)is susceptible to brittle fracture due to the influence of ion irradiation and high temperature,which presents a significant risk to the safe operation of nuclear reactors.It has been demonstrated that pulsed electric current can effectively address the issue of embrittlement in RPV steel.However,the relationship between pulse parameters(duty ratio,frequency,current,and time)and the effectiveness of pulse current processing has not been systematically studied.The application of machine learning methods enables autonomous exploration and learning of the relationship between data.Consequently,this study proposes a machine learning method based on the random forest model to establish the relationship between the parameters of electrical pulses and the repair effect of RPV steel.A generative adversarial network is employed to enhance data diversity and scalability,while a particle swarm optimization algorithm is utilized to optimize the initialization weights and biases of the random forest model,aiming to improve the model’s fitting ability and training performance.The results indicate that the coefficient of determination R-square(R^(2)),root mean squared error and mean absolute error values are 0.934,0.045,and 0.036,respectively,suggesting that the model has the potential to predict the performance recovery of RPV steel after pulsed electric field treatment.The prediction of the impact of pulse current parameters on the repair effect will help to enhance and optimize the repair process,thereby providing a scientific basis for pulse current repair processing.展开更多
文摘Process-oriented writing is the main way for teachers to precisely control the problems and weak links presented by students in each writing stage.Therefore,it is possible to design teaching activities that are in line with their cognitive levels based on students’needs;promote writing through debate,attach importance to the high integration of reading,speaking,and writing;and strengthen the subjectivity of students in writing by taking interest as the lead and life as the source.
文摘Competence in academic writing in college is a challenging as well as an engaging task for many college students. Argumentative writing and acknowledging the counterargument is one of modes that is introduced in freshman classes; however, college students approach writing with a certain mindset. Learning to write in different modes could be exciting when taught utilizing a film or a documentary. Using a documentary, such as Devil＇s Playground, writing professors not only initiate interest in culture learning and cultural understanding but also motivate students to use argumentation to foster critical thinking as well as cultural understanding.
文摘This study investigated the effect of explicit instruction about DCs in argumentative writings by 15 Chinese learners of English. This study involved in a 4-week experiment. Pre-and post-writing tests were quantitatively analyzed to examine whether the explicit instruction about DCs had a significant effect on the students'argumentative writing. The findings revealed that the ex-plicit instruction of the target DCs facilitated the improvement of the participants in their argumentative writing .
文摘Based on the theoretical foundation of thematic progression construction, this paper introduces several common patterns of thematic progression and attempts to find applicability of patterns of thematic progression in the teaching of CET-4 argumentative writing from the perspective of discourse so as to show the implication of these patterns for the teaching of college English writing.
文摘This paper centers on the research on the enhancement of the argumentative writing ability of medical school learners through Email.And in recent years,the argumentative writing has been examined much more frequently that other writing styles in Band-4 Exams.As to how to enhance their argumentative writing ability,the author tries to use Email as a way of communication.Email as an instantaneous communication way,could be used to the utmost in this research.All the data collected for this research is true.The author made a careful analysis.And this paper will give us the result of this practice.
文摘The primary concern of this paper is to address the issue of discrepancies between teachers intuitively defined stronger and weaker student argumentative writings.There exists a problem in Chinese university EFL writing classrooms that the teachers'remarks on student compositions are often found to be rather vague or even unhelpful.Remarks such as Needs further amendment and You wrote just like the way you speak cannot supply students with explicit reasons of what is really needed for their writing improvement.Affirming the dialectal view on text-context relationship held by Systemic Functional Grammar(SFG),the theoretical propositions of Rich Feature Analysis(Barton,2004) are contended to a sound solution to the problem proposed by this paper.To demonstrate its feasibility,the paper followed the gist of Rich Feature Analysis to analyze a corpus of four argumentative writings on same topics.The paper consolidates "the spoken-written continuum"(Barton,2004,p.64),and concludes stronger argumentative writings should own at least one of the following properties: product-like,condensed,recursive,coherent,distanced,and open to scrutiny.The absence of lexical density and nominalization constitutes the main reason for writing deficiencies by tertiary students.The implications for learning the register of schooling are discussed.
文摘The Syllabus for English Majors at Universities and Colleges(2000) makes it clear to further strengthen the English majors' critical thinking and logical reasoning ability.But how to effectively incorporate the cultivation of critical thinking skills into English majors' core courses,such as the writing courses,remains one of the most important tasks of teaching reform for English majors.The present study is aimed at having a systematic analysis on the causal reasoning deficiencies in English majors' argumentative writing.Furthermore,the reasons resulting in the causal reasoning deficiencies and the implications for the teaching of second language writing are explored.
文摘It is known that writing is one of the main basic language skills and is very important for the ESL learners.However,writing skill is normally the more complex and challenging one,especially for Chinese ESL learners.A successful written discourse is influenced by a variety of elements and the good use of cohesive device is one of them.In this paper,by using the Halliday&Hasan’s taxonomy of cohesive devices as the framework,the features of cohesive devices which Chinese ESL learners have adopted in their argumentative writings will be analyzed and identified.
文摘The objective of the study is to examine the effects of Problem based English writing instruction on Thai Upper secondary school students' critical thinking abilities and argumentative writing skill.In this study,the researcher constructed 18weeks' training in a prestigious secondary school M6 level.The instruments used in this research include lesson plans,writing assignments,instructional material and topics.Critical thinking pre- test and post test were used to measure students' critical thinking development.Scoring rubric was designed to measure students' argumentative writing development.The data were analyzed using mean,t-test,correlation through SPSS system.The results of the analyses reveal that 1) students who learn through Problem based English Writing Instruction gained significantly higher average scores on the critical thinking post test than the critical thinking pre-test at the significance level of 0.05 and the mean difference is 0.5 which is referred to large effect;2) students who learn through Problem based English Writing Instruction gained significantly higher average score on their fifth argumentative writing assignment than the average score of their first argumentative writing assignment at the significance level of 0.05,with the mean of the effect size at 0.84 which referred to large effect.Problem-based English writing instruction was proved to be an effective way in improving students' Critical thinking and argumentative writing.
文摘Compared structural approach with communicative approach, the former puts too much emphasis on linguistic knowledge and neglects the language application, while the latter lays too much emphasis on the communicative classroom activities and neglects the systematic study of linguistic knowledge. Both of them cannot meet the requirements of improving the non-English major students＇ argumentative writing scores. So based on the Lexical Approach theory, taking the College English Integrated Course 4 （LI, 2003） as the main teaching material and lexical phrases as teaching and learning units, this study explores the effectiveness of the Lexical Approach in improving non-English major students＇ argumentative writing through classroom activities of input, absorption, and output of lexical phrases. The results show that lexical phrases have more effects on students＇ English competence than single words. They can help to improve the argumentative writing scores and cultivate an interest in learning English independently.
文摘Argumentative English writing is an important touchstone of Chinese advanced English learners’English competence.Herbert Paul Grice’s“cooperative principles”(including maxims of quantity,quality,relation,and manner),as“lubricant”of human communication would help build up harmonious and friendly atmosphere for the communication between the Chinese writers and their target readers,thereby providing them,as well as their instructors,with feasible evaluative criteria for judging the effectiveness of their argumentative English writing.
文摘Based on the six Thematic Progression patterns proposed by Huang Guowen,a comparative study of argumentative writing by Chinese English majors is carried out,aiming at finding out the features of thematic progression in college writing from a developmental perspective.The research results show that the parallel progression,the continuous progression and the concentrated progression are the tendency TP patterns by Chinese English Majors in the argumentative writing.In addition,Grade two is a key stage where the ability has a substantial change.Therefore,teachers and students should take full advantage of the best learning opportunity.
文摘Purpose:The study sought to examine the effectiveness of a dialogue-based argument intervention in enhancing Chinese middle school students'integration of conflicting information from multiple texts in argumentative writing.Design/Approach/Methods:The study followed a quasi-experimental design with pre-assessment and post-assessment,comparing seventh-grade intervention and non-participating control students'individual post-assessment writing performance on a non-discourse topic involving geneticallymodified foods.Findings:Intervention students outperformed control students in integrating textual evidence inconsistent with one's position.Specifically,intervention students were more successful in integrating position-inconsistent information with their prior knowledge or integrating multiple pieces of position-inconsistent information from one text or across multiple texts.Intervention students were also more successful in integrating two pieces of conflicting information.When judging text trustworthiness,intervention students trusted a primary source to a greater extent and showed greater gains in taking into consideration the epistemological aspect,as well as one's own or a text's position on the issue.OriginalityNalue:The present study demonstrated the effectiveness of the dialogue-based argument curriculum in promoting Chinese middle school students'ability to write integrated essays from multiple texts.
文摘Introduction Argument skills are fundamental intellectual skills implicated in a variety of higher-order intellectual practices characteristic of the 21st century such as critical thinking(Kuhn,2018),scientific inquiry(Kuhn,2010),knowledge construction(lordanou et al.,2019),and belief revision(Kuhn et al.,2020).The latest educational policies and curriculum standards in multiple countries have recognized the importance of argumentative competence by identifying it as a major objective of elementary and secondary school education.
基金sponsored by the Social Science Planning Project from Beijing Municipal Commission of Education(SM201310038009)
文摘This paper reports a study on a Chinese English major＇s argumentative English writings focusing on the development of her thinking capacities and factors that facilitate or constrain such development. The data came from three sources： her essays, reflective journals, and my semi-structured interviews with her. Major findings can be summed up as follows： 1） at the initial stage, the participant was weak in rational thinking; 2） as she had more writing practice, she made progress in ideas and organization of ideas but not in expression of ideas; and 3） factors facilitating or constraining her development primarily include language input, cultural identification, teacher feedback and motivation.
文摘Physical restraint is one of the most controversial methods in managing aggressive behaviors and maintaining patients' safety. This manuscript purposed to convince stockholders and policymakers of the negative impact of physical restraint on patients' psychological and physical health. The current authors review the ethical and legal underpinnings of the opponents' and proponents' views. On one hand, there is a clear violation of the main principles of the code of ethics. Autonomy and justice;as the patients are tied against their will and without obtaining their consent, non-maleficent;as physical restraints are reported in many cases of physical and psychological traumas, thus many agencies prohibited the use of physical restraints as a safety method to be replaced with other deescalating techniques. On the other hand, physical restraints are a precious method in controlling aggressive behaviors and maintaining patients' safety, which is the selective beneficence in providing patient care. Also, most of the same agencies who prohibited the use of restraints, agreed the use of physical restraint as the last resor t.Summary statement What is already known about this topic?· Currently, physical restraint is used as the first accessible method to manage patients' behaviors, without considering the negative aura that surrounds the way of treatment. The usage of physical restraint has gone beyond the purpose of maintaining patient safety and managing aggressive behaviors to be a punishment method.· The Ethical and Legal context of using physical restraints is still vague and needs more clarification.What does this paper add?· This manuscript illustrates the Ethical and Legal points of view of the opponents and proponents of using physical restraints.· The current manuscript clearly justifies the authors' point of view to oppose physical restraints usage and how physical restraints violate the core principles of the code of ethics. In addition, it illustrates the legal agencies that suppor t/oppose the usage of physical restraint and the rationale beyond that position.· This manuscript provides alternatives to manage patients' aggressive behaviors and other ways to protect patients' safety as well as patient's dignity and code of ethics.The implications of this paper This argumentative essay provides an accessible, relevant exploration of public health policy, and its impact on nursing practice, mental health services, and patient health. Moreover, it provides a forum for mental health services to evaluate the current implications of physical restraints. The manuscript creates a paradigm for future studies and projects on physical restraints usage.
文摘In Part 2 of David Hume’s Dialogues Concerning Natural Religion,Cleanthes puts forth the analogical Argument from Design,the argument intended to establish that the designer of the world possesses an intelligence similar to human intelligence,in light of Cleanthes’claim that the design of the world resembles machines of human contrivance.Philo argues that this argument fails,because the world does not bear a specific resemblance to any type of machine,and,therefore,there is no basis for reasoning analogically to an intelligent cause of design.In Part 3,Cleanthes attempts to strengthen his case through two illustrative analogies:I will examine the first of these-the Articulate Voice speaking from the clouds.Scholarship generally regards the Articulate Voice illustration to fail,precisely because nothing in this illustrative analogy assists Philo in understanding that the world is a machine.My paper/talk reveals that Philo provides additional criticisms of the Articulate Voice illustration in Parts 6 and 7 of the Dialogues,which make Philo’s critique even stronger and more enlightening regarding his critical approach to the Design Argument than can be learned from Part 2 alone.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(U21B2082,52474410)the National Key R&D Program of China(2023YFB3709903,2020 YFA0714900)+5 种基金the Key R&D Program of Shandong Province,China(2023CXGC010406)the Scientific Research Special Project for First-Class Disciplines in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region(YLXKZXNKD-001)the Natural Science Foundation of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region of China(2024ZD06)the Technology Support Project for the Construction of Major Innovation Platforms in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region(XM2024XTGXQ16)the Beijing Municipal Natural Science Foundation(2222065)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(FRF-TP-22-02C2).
文摘The reactor pressure vessel(RPV)is susceptible to brittle fracture due to the influence of ion irradiation and high temperature,which presents a significant risk to the safe operation of nuclear reactors.It has been demonstrated that pulsed electric current can effectively address the issue of embrittlement in RPV steel.However,the relationship between pulse parameters(duty ratio,frequency,current,and time)and the effectiveness of pulse current processing has not been systematically studied.The application of machine learning methods enables autonomous exploration and learning of the relationship between data.Consequently,this study proposes a machine learning method based on the random forest model to establish the relationship between the parameters of electrical pulses and the repair effect of RPV steel.A generative adversarial network is employed to enhance data diversity and scalability,while a particle swarm optimization algorithm is utilized to optimize the initialization weights and biases of the random forest model,aiming to improve the model’s fitting ability and training performance.The results indicate that the coefficient of determination R-square(R^(2)),root mean squared error and mean absolute error values are 0.934,0.045,and 0.036,respectively,suggesting that the model has the potential to predict the performance recovery of RPV steel after pulsed electric field treatment.The prediction of the impact of pulse current parameters on the repair effect will help to enhance and optimize the repair process,thereby providing a scientific basis for pulse current repair processing.
