Meat products are an important part in our daily diet,providing valuable nutrients for the human body.However,heating processes cause the meat to become more appetizing with changes in texture,appearance,flavor,and ch...Meat products are an important part in our daily diet,providing valuable nutrients for the human body.However,heating processes cause the meat to become more appetizing with changes in texture,appearance,flavor,and chemical properties by the altering of protein structure and other ingredients.As one kind of cooking-induced contaminants,heterocyclic aromatic amines(HAAs)are widely present in protein aceous food products with strong carcinogenic and mutagenic properties.In order to promote the safety of traditional meat products,this review focused on the formation,metabolism,biological monitoring and inhibitory mechanism of HAA.An overview of the formation pathways,hazards,and control methods of HAAs during food processing in recent years was studied,aiming to provide some valuable information for exploring effective methods to inhibit the production of associated hazards during food processing.Systematic selection of different types of flavonoids to explore their effects on the formation of HAAs in an actual barbecue system can provide theoretical reference for effectively controlling the formation of HAAs and reducing their harm to human health.展开更多
[ Objective] To study the control efficiency of 45% Prochloraz amines ME and 500 g/L Triabendazole SC for the post-harvest diseases of citrus fruits, and the economic and efficient dosage and application techniques. [...[ Objective] To study the control efficiency of 45% Prochloraz amines ME and 500 g/L Triabendazole SC for the post-harvest diseases of citrus fruits, and the economic and efficient dosage and application techniques. [ Method] Carry out prevention and control test of common post-harvest diseases of tangerines, such as anthracnose, green mold and penicillium disease. [ Result] The experiment agent 45% Prochloraz amines ME showed excellent effect in controlling post- harvest anthracnose of citrus fruits, the 45t^-day control efficiency was above 73% ; the 45ts-day control efficiency of 45% Prochloras amines ME and 500 g/L Tri- abendazole SC for green mold and penicillium disease was above 72%. [ Conclusion] 45% Prochloraz amines ME and 500 g/L Triabendazole SC are two ideal agents for preventing and controlling post-harvest diseases and safeguarding quality of citrus fruits.展开更多
Green and low cost CO_(2) and CaO were used to stimulate amine emulsions to reveal the responsive behavior of amine emulsions.On this basis,oil-based drilling fluids responsive to CO_(2) and CaO were formulated and th...Green and low cost CO_(2) and CaO were used to stimulate amine emulsions to reveal the responsive behavior of amine emulsions.On this basis,oil-based drilling fluids responsive to CO_(2) and CaO were formulated and their properties were evaluated.The results showed that the amine emulsions inversed from water-in-oil state to oil-in-water state readily and their rheological behavior underwent transitions of decreasing,rising again and decreasing again via induction by CO_(2).These CO_(2) responsive behaviors could be reversed by CaO.Oil-based drilling fluids prepared based on the amine emulsions with oil-water volume ratios of 50:50 to 70:30,densities of 1.4-2.0 g/cm^(3) had good rheological and filtration properties at 160℃;and be readily cleaned up using CO_(2) bubbling.The useless solid phase with low density could be removed efficiently via reducing the viscosity of emulsion by CO_(2) and the residual liquid phase could be restored to the original state by CaO and reused to prepare drilling fluid.The mechanisms analysis indicated that CO_(2)/CaO induced the reversible conversion between amine emulsifiers and their salts,which enabled the reversible regulation of both the hydrophilic-lipophilic balance of amine emulsifiers and the emulsion particles’size and finally caused the controllable-reversion of the form and rheology of amine emulsion.展开更多
Oxidation stability of lubricating oil is critical for the smooth operation of industrial equipment such as turbines.Sludge formation is a major issue in turbine operation.Currently,the turbine oil industry employs an...Oxidation stability of lubricating oil is critical for the smooth operation of industrial equipment such as turbines.Sludge formation is a major issue in turbine operation.Currently,the turbine oil industry employs antioxidants,especially,the combination of aminic and phenolic antioxidants,as the key additives to reduce sludge formation.Aromatic amines,primarily PANA,are considered as the most effective antioxidants in terms of oxidation induction time(OIT)measured by the RPVOT test.However,PANA is also a sludge former.Phenolic antioxidants are normally used in combination with the aminic antioxidants.It is widely believed that there exists a synergistic effect between the phenolic and aminic antioxidants.Regarding the interaction mechanism between the two types of antioxidants,it is generally accepted that phenolics act as a hydrogen donor to help regenerate the consumed aminic antioxidants.This mechanism can only explain some of the phenomena observed in field practice,but there are many other questions remaining unanswered including the antagonistic effect between PANA and phenolics.In this study,we used HPLC,FTIR and LC-MS to monitor the degradation products of the oil systems that were formulated with various aminic and phenolic antioxidants.For the APANA alone system,we identified the formation of dimers and trimers of APANA.For the PANA alone system,we identified the formation of dimers and tetramers.The dimers,trimers,and tetramers of PANA have very limited solubility.These findings therefore help explain why PANA is a sludge former.The oligomerizations(dimerization,trimerization,etc.)regenerate the N-H functionality,thus explaining why the PANA as well as other amines are very effective antioxidants.For the PANA/phenolic system,the oligomers of PANA were greatly reduced.Instead,we identified species that were formed by the recombination of the PANA radicals,or the PANA oligomeric radicals with the phenolic radicals.This,to our knowledge,has not been reported so far.The recombination of aminyl radicals and the phenolic radicals decreases the capability of regenerating the N-H functionality,which helps explain the antagonistic effect observed in the PANA/phenolic system.It also suggests that the phenolic antioxidants are very important in suppressing the sludge formation in the turbine oil system because the recombination products of PANA and phenolics have much better solubility than the PANA oligomers.展开更多
基金supported by National Postdoctoral Program(2020M682073)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC,32061160477)+1 种基金The National Natural Science Foundation of China(32272315,32072209)the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province(2022A1515010694).
文摘Meat products are an important part in our daily diet,providing valuable nutrients for the human body.However,heating processes cause the meat to become more appetizing with changes in texture,appearance,flavor,and chemical properties by the altering of protein structure and other ingredients.As one kind of cooking-induced contaminants,heterocyclic aromatic amines(HAAs)are widely present in protein aceous food products with strong carcinogenic and mutagenic properties.In order to promote the safety of traditional meat products,this review focused on the formation,metabolism,biological monitoring and inhibitory mechanism of HAA.An overview of the formation pathways,hazards,and control methods of HAAs during food processing in recent years was studied,aiming to provide some valuable information for exploring effective methods to inhibit the production of associated hazards during food processing.Systematic selection of different types of flavonoids to explore their effects on the formation of HAAs in an actual barbecue system can provide theoretical reference for effectively controlling the formation of HAAs and reducing their harm to human health.
文摘[ Objective] To study the control efficiency of 45% Prochloraz amines ME and 500 g/L Triabendazole SC for the post-harvest diseases of citrus fruits, and the economic and efficient dosage and application techniques. [ Method] Carry out prevention and control test of common post-harvest diseases of tangerines, such as anthracnose, green mold and penicillium disease. [ Result] The experiment agent 45% Prochloraz amines ME showed excellent effect in controlling post- harvest anthracnose of citrus fruits, the 45t^-day control efficiency was above 73% ; the 45ts-day control efficiency of 45% Prochloras amines ME and 500 g/L Tri- abendazole SC for green mold and penicillium disease was above 72%. [ Conclusion] 45% Prochloraz amines ME and 500 g/L Triabendazole SC are two ideal agents for preventing and controlling post-harvest diseases and safeguarding quality of citrus fruits.
基金Suppported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(NO.51804263)Science and Technology Cooperation Project of the CNPC-SWPU Innovation Alliance(NO.2020CX040102,NO.2020CX040201)。
文摘Green and low cost CO_(2) and CaO were used to stimulate amine emulsions to reveal the responsive behavior of amine emulsions.On this basis,oil-based drilling fluids responsive to CO_(2) and CaO were formulated and their properties were evaluated.The results showed that the amine emulsions inversed from water-in-oil state to oil-in-water state readily and their rheological behavior underwent transitions of decreasing,rising again and decreasing again via induction by CO_(2).These CO_(2) responsive behaviors could be reversed by CaO.Oil-based drilling fluids prepared based on the amine emulsions with oil-water volume ratios of 50:50 to 70:30,densities of 1.4-2.0 g/cm^(3) had good rheological and filtration properties at 160℃;and be readily cleaned up using CO_(2) bubbling.The useless solid phase with low density could be removed efficiently via reducing the viscosity of emulsion by CO_(2) and the residual liquid phase could be restored to the original state by CaO and reused to prepare drilling fluid.The mechanisms analysis indicated that CO_(2)/CaO induced the reversible conversion between amine emulsifiers and their salts,which enabled the reversible regulation of both the hydrophilic-lipophilic balance of amine emulsifiers and the emulsion particles’size and finally caused the controllable-reversion of the form and rheology of amine emulsion.
文摘Oxidation stability of lubricating oil is critical for the smooth operation of industrial equipment such as turbines.Sludge formation is a major issue in turbine operation.Currently,the turbine oil industry employs antioxidants,especially,the combination of aminic and phenolic antioxidants,as the key additives to reduce sludge formation.Aromatic amines,primarily PANA,are considered as the most effective antioxidants in terms of oxidation induction time(OIT)measured by the RPVOT test.However,PANA is also a sludge former.Phenolic antioxidants are normally used in combination with the aminic antioxidants.It is widely believed that there exists a synergistic effect between the phenolic and aminic antioxidants.Regarding the interaction mechanism between the two types of antioxidants,it is generally accepted that phenolics act as a hydrogen donor to help regenerate the consumed aminic antioxidants.This mechanism can only explain some of the phenomena observed in field practice,but there are many other questions remaining unanswered including the antagonistic effect between PANA and phenolics.In this study,we used HPLC,FTIR and LC-MS to monitor the degradation products of the oil systems that were formulated with various aminic and phenolic antioxidants.For the APANA alone system,we identified the formation of dimers and trimers of APANA.For the PANA alone system,we identified the formation of dimers and tetramers.The dimers,trimers,and tetramers of PANA have very limited solubility.These findings therefore help explain why PANA is a sludge former.The oligomerizations(dimerization,trimerization,etc.)regenerate the N-H functionality,thus explaining why the PANA as well as other amines are very effective antioxidants.For the PANA/phenolic system,the oligomers of PANA were greatly reduced.Instead,we identified species that were formed by the recombination of the PANA radicals,or the PANA oligomeric radicals with the phenolic radicals.This,to our knowledge,has not been reported so far.The recombination of aminyl radicals and the phenolic radicals decreases the capability of regenerating the N-H functionality,which helps explain the antagonistic effect observed in the PANA/phenolic system.It also suggests that the phenolic antioxidants are very important in suppressing the sludge formation in the turbine oil system because the recombination products of PANA and phenolics have much better solubility than the PANA oligomers.
