A method for the simultaneous determination of four residual solvents in 1- bromopropane was established by gas chromatography, and the method was verified by systematic methodology. The capillary column with 6% cyano...A method for the simultaneous determination of four residual solvents in 1- bromopropane was established by gas chromatography, and the method was verified by systematic methodology. The capillary column with 6% cyanopropylphenyl -94% dimethyl polysiloxane as the stationary liquid was used as the chromatographic column for separation, detection by hydrogen flame ionization detector and quantitative analysis by area normalization method. The simultaneous separation and determination of four solvent residues, namely bromoethane, 2-bromopropane, 1- bromobutane and n-propanol, were achieved. The analysis results of actual samples show that this method is simple, rapid and effective, and can be used for the determination of four residual solvents in 1- bromopropane.展开更多
Wellbore instability is one of the concerns in the field of drilling engineering.This phenomenon is affected by several factors such as azimuth,inclination angle,in-situ stress,mud weight,and rock strength parameters....Wellbore instability is one of the concerns in the field of drilling engineering.This phenomenon is affected by several factors such as azimuth,inclination angle,in-situ stress,mud weight,and rock strength parameters.Among these factors,azimuth,inclination angle,and mud weight are controllable.The objective of this paper is to introduce a new procedure based on elastoplastic theory in wellbore stability solution to determine the optimum well trajectory and global minimum mud pressure required(GMMPR).Genetic algorithm(GA) was applied as a main optimization engine that employs proportional feedback controller to obtain the minimum mud pressure required(MMPR).The feedback function repeatedly calculated and updated the error between the simulated and set point of normalized yielded zone area(NYZA).To reduce computation expenses,an artificial neural network(ANN) was used as a proxy(surrogate model) to approximate the behavior of the actual wellbore model.The methodology was applied to a directional well in southwestern Iranian oilfield.The results demonstrated that the error between the predicted GMMPR and practical safe mud pressure was 4%for elastoplastic method,and 22%for conventional elastic solution.展开更多
In this paper, in view of the discussion of the Hausdorff and Box fractal dimensions and measures which are frequently applied, the concept of the girth to area normal ratio is introduced for the first time and the co...In this paper, in view of the discussion of the Hausdorff and Box fractal dimensions and measures which are frequently applied, the concept of the girth to area normal ratio is introduced for the first time and the correct mathematical description of SIM together with its proof, the sufficient condition for applying SIM and the improvement version of SIM are presented.展开更多
文摘A method for the simultaneous determination of four residual solvents in 1- bromopropane was established by gas chromatography, and the method was verified by systematic methodology. The capillary column with 6% cyanopropylphenyl -94% dimethyl polysiloxane as the stationary liquid was used as the chromatographic column for separation, detection by hydrogen flame ionization detector and quantitative analysis by area normalization method. The simultaneous separation and determination of four solvent residues, namely bromoethane, 2-bromopropane, 1- bromobutane and n-propanol, were achieved. The analysis results of actual samples show that this method is simple, rapid and effective, and can be used for the determination of four residual solvents in 1- bromopropane.
文摘Wellbore instability is one of the concerns in the field of drilling engineering.This phenomenon is affected by several factors such as azimuth,inclination angle,in-situ stress,mud weight,and rock strength parameters.Among these factors,azimuth,inclination angle,and mud weight are controllable.The objective of this paper is to introduce a new procedure based on elastoplastic theory in wellbore stability solution to determine the optimum well trajectory and global minimum mud pressure required(GMMPR).Genetic algorithm(GA) was applied as a main optimization engine that employs proportional feedback controller to obtain the minimum mud pressure required(MMPR).The feedback function repeatedly calculated and updated the error between the simulated and set point of normalized yielded zone area(NYZA).To reduce computation expenses,an artificial neural network(ANN) was used as a proxy(surrogate model) to approximate the behavior of the actual wellbore model.The methodology was applied to a directional well in southwestern Iranian oilfield.The results demonstrated that the error between the predicted GMMPR and practical safe mud pressure was 4%for elastoplastic method,and 22%for conventional elastic solution.
文摘In this paper, in view of the discussion of the Hausdorff and Box fractal dimensions and measures which are frequently applied, the concept of the girth to area normal ratio is introduced for the first time and the correct mathematical description of SIM together with its proof, the sufficient condition for applying SIM and the improvement version of SIM are presented.
