Soil microbial communities are pivotal in permafrost biogeochemical cycles,yet the variations of abundant and rare microbial taxa and their impacts on greenhouse gas emissions in different seasons,remain elusive,espec...Soil microbial communities are pivotal in permafrost biogeochemical cycles,yet the variations of abundant and rare microbial taxa and their impacts on greenhouse gas emissions in different seasons,remain elusive,especially in the case of soil archaea.Here,we conducted a study on soil abundant and rare archaeal taxa during the growing and non-growing seasons in the active layer of alpine permafrost in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau.The results suggested that,for the archaeal communities in the sub-layer,abundant taxa exhibited higher diversity,while rare taxa maintained a more stable composition from the growing to non-growing season.Water soluble organic carbon and soil porosity were the most significant environmental variables affecting the compositions of abundant and rare taxa,respectively.Stochastic and deterministic processes dominated the assemblies of rare and abundant taxa,respectively.The archaeal ecological network influenced N_(2)O flux through different modules.Rare taxa performed an essential role in stabilizing the network and exerting important effects on N_(2)O flux.Our study provides a pioneering and comprehensive investigation aimed at unravelling the mechanisms by which archaea or other microorganisms influence greenhouse gas emissions in the alpine permafrost.展开更多
With 85% of the global oyster reefs destroyed, there is an urgent need for large scale restoration to benefit from the ecosystem services provided by biogenic oyster reefs and their associated biodiversity, including ...With 85% of the global oyster reefs destroyed, there is an urgent need for large scale restoration to benefit from the ecosystem services provided by biogenic oyster reefs and their associated biodiversity, including microorganisms that drive marine biogeochemical cycles. This experiment established a baseline for the monitoring of the bacterial and archaeal community associated with wild oysters, using samples from their immediate environment of the Voordelta, with cohabiting Crassostrea gigas and Ostrea edulis, Duikplaats with only C. gigas attached to rocks, and the Dansk Skaldyrcentre, with no onsite oysters. The microbial profiling was carried out through DNA analysis of samples collected from the surfaces of oyster shells and their substrate, the sediment and seawater. Following 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing and bioinformatics, alpha indices implied high species abundance and diversity in sediment but low abundance in seawater. As expected, Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes and Thaumarchaeota dominated the top 20 OTUs. In the Voordelta, OTUs related to Colwellia, Shewanella and Psychrobium differentiated the oysters collected from a reef with those attached to rocks. Duikplaats were distinct for sulfur-oxidizers Sulfurimonas and sulfate-reducers from the Sva 0081 sediment group. Archaea were found mainly in sediments and the oyster associated microbiome, with greater abundance at the reef site, consisting mostly of Thaumarchaeota from the family Nitrosopumilaceae. The oyster free site displayed archaea in sediments only, and algal bloom indicator microorganisms from the Rhodobacteraceae, Flavobacteriaceae family and genus [Polaribacter] huanghezhanensis, in addition to the ascidian symbiotic partner, Synechococcus. This study suggests site specific microbiome shifts, influenced by the presence of oysters and the type of substrate.展开更多
微生物驱动的硝化作用是氮循环的关键过程。土壤氨氧化作用是硝化作用的第一步,也是硝化作用的限速步骤,施氮是影响土壤氨氧化微生物的重要因素。因此,明确不同氮肥种类(尿素、硫酸铵和硝酸钾)对土壤氨氧化微生物群落与硝化势的影响,可...微生物驱动的硝化作用是氮循环的关键过程。土壤氨氧化作用是硝化作用的第一步,也是硝化作用的限速步骤,施氮是影响土壤氨氧化微生物的重要因素。因此,明确不同氮肥种类(尿素、硫酸铵和硝酸钾)对土壤氨氧化微生物群落与硝化势的影响,可以为缓解农田氮素流失和改善氮素循环提供参考。本研究以钙质紫色土为研究对象,采用盆栽试验,设置不施氮肥(CK)、施尿素(UR)、施硫酸铵(AS)和施硝酸钾(PN) 4个处理。通过测定不同类型氮肥处理下土壤化学性质、硝化势、土壤氨氧化细菌(AOB)和氨氧化古菌(AOA)的群落结构及α多样性,明确不同类型氮肥对土壤氨氧化作用的影响。结果表明,与CK处理相比,AS和UR处理下土壤pH分别显著降低2.52和0.32个单位(P<0.05),AS和UR处理下土壤全氮和铵态氮(NH_(4)^(+)-N)含量分别显著提升53.6%~83.0%和1 359.5%~1 740.4%(P<0.05);3种施氮处理下土壤碱解氮和硝态氮(NO_(3)^(-)-N)含量分别显著增加164.9%~233.1%和434.6%~1 485.3%(P<0.05);AS处理土壤速效磷含量显著降低33.7%(P<0.05);AS和UR处理下土壤碳氮比(C/N)分别显著降低40.0%和20.0%(P<0.05);各处理间土壤有机碳(SOC)含量无显著差异;AS处理土壤硝化势显著降低42.0%(P<0.05),UR和PN处理土壤硝化势分别显著提升292.0%和62.6%(P<0.05)。与CK处理相比,AS和UR处理下AOA amo A基因丰度分别显著提高84.1%和44.4%(P<0.05),AS处理AOB amo A基因丰度显著降低44.0%(P<0.05),UR处理显著提高1 821.3%(P<0.05)。冗余分析显示:土壤pH和NH_(4)^(+)-N含量为AOA群落结构的主要影响因子,C/N、土壤有机碳(SOC)和碱解氮为AOB群落结构的主要影响因子(P<0.05)。逐步回归分析显示:NH_(4)^(+)-N和碱解氮为AOA amo A基因丰度的主要影响因子(P<0.001),速效磷和碱解氮为AOB amo A基因丰度的主要影响因子(P<0.001)。偏最小二乘法分析显示:AOB amo A基因丰度、SOC、速效磷、碱解氮和pH对土壤硝化势具有显著影响(P<0.05)。综上,施用硫酸铵会显著降低土壤硝化势,而施用尿素会增加土壤硝化势,且AOB群落为钙质紫色土中氨氧化作用的主要驱动者,施用硫酸铵主要通过增加碱解氮含量,降低速效磷含量和AOB amo A基因丰度,降低硝化势;而施用尿素主要通过增加碱解氮含量和AOB amo A基因丰度,最终增加硝化势。展开更多
The apparent sulfur oxidation activities of four pure thermophilic archaea, Acidianus brierleyi （JCM 8954）, Metallosphaera sedula （YN 23）, Acidianus manzaensis （YN 25） and Sulfolobus metallicus （YN 24） and the...The apparent sulfur oxidation activities of four pure thermophilic archaea, Acidianus brierleyi （JCM 8954）, Metallosphaera sedula （YN 23）, Acidianus manzaensis （YN 25） and Sulfolobus metallicus （YN 24） and their mixture in bioleaching chalcopyrite were compared, which were characterized indirectly by the evolution of the cells concentration, pH value and sulfate ions concentration in solution. The results show that the mixed culture contributed significantly to the raising of leaching rate, which suggests that the mixed culture had a higher sulfur oxidation activity than the pure culture. Meanwhile, the results also indicate that the changes of parameters characterizing the sulfur oxidation activity of thermophilic archaea are often influenced by many factors, so it is hard to reflect accurately the specific sulfur oxidation activities among the different sulfur-oxidizing microbes when bioleaching chalcopyrite at different conditions. Accordingly, an efficient method to characterize microbial sulfur oxidation activity appears to be desirable.展开更多
Anaerobic oxidation of methane(AOM)can contribute to reducing methane emissions in landfills;however,the AOM rates vary depending on the inoculum source.This study addressed the capacity of AOM of a fermentative micro...Anaerobic oxidation of methane(AOM)can contribute to reducing methane emissions in landfills;however,the AOM rates vary depending on the inoculum source.This study addressed the capacity of AOM of a fermentative microbial community derived from a reactor treatingmunicipal solidwastes.First,the inoculum’s autotrophic capacitywas verified using a gasmixture of 75% CO_(2) and 25% H_(2).Results demonstrated that the fermentative microbial community reached amaximum CO_(2) consumption rate of 22.5±1.2 g CO_(2)/(m^(3)·h),obtaining acetate as the main product.Then,the inoculum was grown on a gas mixture of 50%CH_(4),35%CO_(2),and 15%N_(2),using iron(Fe^(3+))as the electron acceptor.The AOM rates increased over time and peaked at 3.1±0.9 g CH_(4)/(m^(3)·h)by 456 h with the simultaneous consumption of CO_(2).Acetate was the main product,with amaximum concentration of 180±9mg/L.By 408 h,a bacterial cluster of indicator species correlated with the AOM rates,including to Rhodobactereceae(r=0.80),Oceanicola(r=0.80),Propionicicella(r=0.77),Christensenellaceae(r=0.58),Oscillospiraceae(r=0.53),Mobilitalea(r=0.66),Hungateiclostridiaceae(r=0.46),and Izemoplasmatales(r=0.77).Methanosarcina,Methanobacterium,and Methanoculleus correlated with the AOM and CO_(2) consumption rates.A co-occurrence network analysis showed that Methanosarcina positively interacted with syntrophic bacteria like Christensenellaceae and Acinetobacter and diverse heterotrophic bacteria.This study demonstrated the feasibility of obtaining a CH_(4)-oxidizing microbial community in 16 days,exhibiting AOM rates higher than those reported for soils.展开更多
基金supported by Gansu Provincial Science and Technology Program(22ZD6FA005)"Light of the West"Cross-team Project of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(xbzgzdsys-202214)+1 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(41871064)Qinghai Province High-level Innovative"Thousand Talents"Program.
文摘Soil microbial communities are pivotal in permafrost biogeochemical cycles,yet the variations of abundant and rare microbial taxa and their impacts on greenhouse gas emissions in different seasons,remain elusive,especially in the case of soil archaea.Here,we conducted a study on soil abundant and rare archaeal taxa during the growing and non-growing seasons in the active layer of alpine permafrost in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau.The results suggested that,for the archaeal communities in the sub-layer,abundant taxa exhibited higher diversity,while rare taxa maintained a more stable composition from the growing to non-growing season.Water soluble organic carbon and soil porosity were the most significant environmental variables affecting the compositions of abundant and rare taxa,respectively.Stochastic and deterministic processes dominated the assemblies of rare and abundant taxa,respectively.The archaeal ecological network influenced N_(2)O flux through different modules.Rare taxa performed an essential role in stabilizing the network and exerting important effects on N_(2)O flux.Our study provides a pioneering and comprehensive investigation aimed at unravelling the mechanisms by which archaea or other microorganisms influence greenhouse gas emissions in the alpine permafrost.
文摘With 85% of the global oyster reefs destroyed, there is an urgent need for large scale restoration to benefit from the ecosystem services provided by biogenic oyster reefs and their associated biodiversity, including microorganisms that drive marine biogeochemical cycles. This experiment established a baseline for the monitoring of the bacterial and archaeal community associated with wild oysters, using samples from their immediate environment of the Voordelta, with cohabiting Crassostrea gigas and Ostrea edulis, Duikplaats with only C. gigas attached to rocks, and the Dansk Skaldyrcentre, with no onsite oysters. The microbial profiling was carried out through DNA analysis of samples collected from the surfaces of oyster shells and their substrate, the sediment and seawater. Following 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing and bioinformatics, alpha indices implied high species abundance and diversity in sediment but low abundance in seawater. As expected, Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes and Thaumarchaeota dominated the top 20 OTUs. In the Voordelta, OTUs related to Colwellia, Shewanella and Psychrobium differentiated the oysters collected from a reef with those attached to rocks. Duikplaats were distinct for sulfur-oxidizers Sulfurimonas and sulfate-reducers from the Sva 0081 sediment group. Archaea were found mainly in sediments and the oyster associated microbiome, with greater abundance at the reef site, consisting mostly of Thaumarchaeota from the family Nitrosopumilaceae. The oyster free site displayed archaea in sediments only, and algal bloom indicator microorganisms from the Rhodobacteraceae, Flavobacteriaceae family and genus [Polaribacter] huanghezhanensis, in addition to the ascidian symbiotic partner, Synechococcus. This study suggests site specific microbiome shifts, influenced by the presence of oysters and the type of substrate.
文摘微生物驱动的硝化作用是氮循环的关键过程。土壤氨氧化作用是硝化作用的第一步,也是硝化作用的限速步骤,施氮是影响土壤氨氧化微生物的重要因素。因此,明确不同氮肥种类(尿素、硫酸铵和硝酸钾)对土壤氨氧化微生物群落与硝化势的影响,可以为缓解农田氮素流失和改善氮素循环提供参考。本研究以钙质紫色土为研究对象,采用盆栽试验,设置不施氮肥(CK)、施尿素(UR)、施硫酸铵(AS)和施硝酸钾(PN) 4个处理。通过测定不同类型氮肥处理下土壤化学性质、硝化势、土壤氨氧化细菌(AOB)和氨氧化古菌(AOA)的群落结构及α多样性,明确不同类型氮肥对土壤氨氧化作用的影响。结果表明,与CK处理相比,AS和UR处理下土壤pH分别显著降低2.52和0.32个单位(P<0.05),AS和UR处理下土壤全氮和铵态氮(NH_(4)^(+)-N)含量分别显著提升53.6%~83.0%和1 359.5%~1 740.4%(P<0.05);3种施氮处理下土壤碱解氮和硝态氮(NO_(3)^(-)-N)含量分别显著增加164.9%~233.1%和434.6%~1 485.3%(P<0.05);AS处理土壤速效磷含量显著降低33.7%(P<0.05);AS和UR处理下土壤碳氮比(C/N)分别显著降低40.0%和20.0%(P<0.05);各处理间土壤有机碳(SOC)含量无显著差异;AS处理土壤硝化势显著降低42.0%(P<0.05),UR和PN处理土壤硝化势分别显著提升292.0%和62.6%(P<0.05)。与CK处理相比,AS和UR处理下AOA amo A基因丰度分别显著提高84.1%和44.4%(P<0.05),AS处理AOB amo A基因丰度显著降低44.0%(P<0.05),UR处理显著提高1 821.3%(P<0.05)。冗余分析显示:土壤pH和NH_(4)^(+)-N含量为AOA群落结构的主要影响因子,C/N、土壤有机碳(SOC)和碱解氮为AOB群落结构的主要影响因子(P<0.05)。逐步回归分析显示:NH_(4)^(+)-N和碱解氮为AOA amo A基因丰度的主要影响因子(P<0.001),速效磷和碱解氮为AOB amo A基因丰度的主要影响因子(P<0.001)。偏最小二乘法分析显示:AOB amo A基因丰度、SOC、速效磷、碱解氮和pH对土壤硝化势具有显著影响(P<0.05)。综上,施用硫酸铵会显著降低土壤硝化势,而施用尿素会增加土壤硝化势,且AOB群落为钙质紫色土中氨氧化作用的主要驱动者,施用硫酸铵主要通过增加碱解氮含量,降低速效磷含量和AOB amo A基因丰度,降低硝化势;而施用尿素主要通过增加碱解氮含量和AOB amo A基因丰度,最终增加硝化势。
基金Project(50974140) supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject(20090162110054) supported by Specialized Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education of China
文摘The apparent sulfur oxidation activities of four pure thermophilic archaea, Acidianus brierleyi （JCM 8954）, Metallosphaera sedula （YN 23）, Acidianus manzaensis （YN 25） and Sulfolobus metallicus （YN 24） and their mixture in bioleaching chalcopyrite were compared, which were characterized indirectly by the evolution of the cells concentration, pH value and sulfate ions concentration in solution. The results show that the mixed culture contributed significantly to the raising of leaching rate, which suggests that the mixed culture had a higher sulfur oxidation activity than the pure culture. Meanwhile, the results also indicate that the changes of parameters characterizing the sulfur oxidation activity of thermophilic archaea are often influenced by many factors, so it is hard to reflect accurately the specific sulfur oxidation activities among the different sulfur-oxidizing microbes when bioleaching chalcopyrite at different conditions. Accordingly, an efficient method to characterize microbial sulfur oxidation activity appears to be desirable.
基金This work was supported by the DGAPA-UNAM(PAPIIT project,No.IN102721)the support from CONAHCYT through the Investigadoras e Investigadores por Mexico program(Researcher ID 6407,Project 265).
文摘Anaerobic oxidation of methane(AOM)can contribute to reducing methane emissions in landfills;however,the AOM rates vary depending on the inoculum source.This study addressed the capacity of AOM of a fermentative microbial community derived from a reactor treatingmunicipal solidwastes.First,the inoculum’s autotrophic capacitywas verified using a gasmixture of 75% CO_(2) and 25% H_(2).Results demonstrated that the fermentative microbial community reached amaximum CO_(2) consumption rate of 22.5±1.2 g CO_(2)/(m^(3)·h),obtaining acetate as the main product.Then,the inoculum was grown on a gas mixture of 50%CH_(4),35%CO_(2),and 15%N_(2),using iron(Fe^(3+))as the electron acceptor.The AOM rates increased over time and peaked at 3.1±0.9 g CH_(4)/(m^(3)·h)by 456 h with the simultaneous consumption of CO_(2).Acetate was the main product,with amaximum concentration of 180±9mg/L.By 408 h,a bacterial cluster of indicator species correlated with the AOM rates,including to Rhodobactereceae(r=0.80),Oceanicola(r=0.80),Propionicicella(r=0.77),Christensenellaceae(r=0.58),Oscillospiraceae(r=0.53),Mobilitalea(r=0.66),Hungateiclostridiaceae(r=0.46),and Izemoplasmatales(r=0.77).Methanosarcina,Methanobacterium,and Methanoculleus correlated with the AOM and CO_(2) consumption rates.A co-occurrence network analysis showed that Methanosarcina positively interacted with syntrophic bacteria like Christensenellaceae and Acinetobacter and diverse heterotrophic bacteria.This study demonstrated the feasibility of obtaining a CH_(4)-oxidizing microbial community in 16 days,exhibiting AOM rates higher than those reported for soils.
