Four pairs of microsatellite molecular polymorphism primers were used to analyse microsatellite fingerprints of 188 seedlings derived from an open-pollinated progeny grafted Eucalyptus globulus breeding arboretum in V...Four pairs of microsatellite molecular polymorphism primers were used to analyse microsatellite fingerprints of 188 seedlings derived from an open-pollinated progeny grafted Eucalyptus globulus breeding arboretum in Victoria, south-eastern Australia. The microsatellite loci chosen for this study were highly polymorphic with the mean number of alleles per locus of 14.25. Individual mothers varied in their outcrosssing rate estimate from 15% to 95%, the overall outcrossing level in the arboretum was 47.9% and the contamination rate was 17.6%. The high selfing level was likely to result in marked inbreeding depression in the performance of open-pollinated seed lots. Open-pollinated seeds collected from such arboreta are not advisable because of its low genetic quality, although such arboreta may be useful for the seed production through large-scale manual pollination or collecting seeds only from trees or genotypes within the arboretum that have high outcrossing rates.展开更多
The segregation ratio of markers in an F2 population derived from Rudongjijiaoyaguo(Rdjjyg)and Zhongmian971(Zm971)was studied using 3 morphological markers,20 SSR markers,and ll SRAP markers.Totally,24 markers(77.42%)...The segregation ratio of markers in an F2 population derived from Rudongjijiaoyaguo(Rdjjyg)and Zhongmian971(Zm971)was studied using 3 morphological markers,20 SSR markers,and ll SRAP markers.Totally,24 markers(77.42%)showed a distorted segregation and all of them skewed toward the female genotype,which was peculiar in recent cotton research.All the three types of SSR markers and SRAP marker showed distorted segregation,but the morphological markers(Purple stem,Okra leaf,and Red spot color)were normally segregated.This indicated that such a novel segregation distortion phenomenon resulted from interior genetic factors,The allele frequency and the distribution of different genotype frequencies in the F2 population were analyzed in codominant markers,to find out factors attributed to distorted segregation.Most of them implied distorted allele frequency,but it was normal genotype frequency,which showed that these markers were influenced at the gamete level.展开更多
Starting from reviewing the current development of botanic gardens in China,the shortcomings of current research on botanical gardens in China are summarized:the research and construction concepts of the botanical gar...Starting from reviewing the current development of botanic gardens in China,the shortcomings of current research on botanical gardens in China are summarized:the research and construction concepts of the botanical gardens lack professional characteristics;the education and science popularization system is extensive;and the investment and construction model and operation and management method are relatively rigid.Through combing the development history of The Morton Arboretum and introducing its construction features,such as the long-term garden-establishing idea with a high starting point,continuously building and improving for a long time to actively adapt to changes in social needs,a refi ned education and science popularization system for various groups,and a strong self-hematopoietic function,the successful construction experience of The Morton Arboretum is elaborated and the enlightenment from The Morton Arboretum to the construction of botanic gardens China are put forward,so as to provide a reference for the construction and development of botanic gardens in China in the new period.展开更多
Litter decomposition is an essential ecosystem process influenced by multiple factors,including substrate quality,climate,edaphic environment,and decomposer communities.However,the role of canopy species identity and ...Litter decomposition is an essential ecosystem process influenced by multiple factors,including substrate quality,climate,edaphic environment,and decomposer communities.However,the role of canopy species identity and diversity on leaf litter decomposition in forests remains understudied.By controlling for macroclimate,soil properties,and litter substrate in a mature common garden,we investigated whether a three-month tea bag incubation of standardized green and rooibos tea substrate is driven by canopy tree species characteristics and diversity.Our study hypothesized two primary pathways:a chemical engineering effect,where trees alter soil properties and decomposer communities through litter input,and a physical engineering effect,where tree canopy structure modulates the local microclimate.The results showed that even under uniform macroclimatic and initial soil conditions,mass loss rates varied widely for green tea(27.4%–73.2%)and rooibos tea(6.1%–34.7%),comparable as found in other research between distinct biomes.While substrate quality was the dominant factor,both engineering pathways and,to a minor extent,tree diversity modulated mass losses.For green tea,tree chemical and physical characteristics seemed equally important,while the physical environment showed an increased importance for rooibos.Incubation depth played a key role,where forest floor decomposition rates are more susceptible to temporal climate variations,and soil-layer decomposition rates are less susceptible to climate variations and more determined by tree species identity.Our findings suggest that tea bag experiments focusing solely on topsoil burial may underestimate processes in the forest floor and the mineralorganic boundary layer.This study underscores the critical role of litter substrate quality in decomposition while demonstrating that tree community composition and the associated herbaceous layer,through both chemical and physical engineering pathways,strongly modulate decomposition rates.展开更多
Recently,consumers have demanded safe,nutritious,and healthy food.Due to rapid heat transfer,microwave treatment(MT)preserves nutritional quality and provides safe food.In this investigation,the effect of Microwave he...Recently,consumers have demanded safe,nutritious,and healthy food.Due to rapid heat transfer,microwave treatment(MT)preserves nutritional quality and provides safe food.In this investigation,the effect of Microwave heating(MH)treatment was analysed on the bioactive components and quality characteristics of buransh(Rhododendron arboretum)flower squash.The fresh squash(TSS 19.6°Brix)was prepared by adjusting TSS to 3,4,and 5°Brix by using RO water,and microwave treatment(MT)was given to the prepared squash as per the Box Behnken design(BBD).Process optimization was done using Design Expert 13 software.Microwave Power(MP),time,and total soluble solids(TSS)as process parameters showed significant(p<0.05)effects on responses,namely pH,TSS,total phenolic content(TPC)and total flavonoid content(TFC).The optimized values at optimum process parameters(300 W,30 s and 3°Brix)were found to be 3.79 for pH,2.395°Brix for TSS,44.28 mg GAE/100 mL for TPC and 132.159 mg QE/100 mL for TFC.The experimental values were found to be in accordance with the predicted values,having error(%)0.5249,3.96,2.75,and 1.55 for pH,TSS,TPC,and TFC respectively.It was concluded that microwave heating can be used for the treatment of buransh(Rhododendron arboretum)flower squash with superior retention of nutritional quality.展开更多
土壤是茶树生存的基本条件,它与茶树生长发育和茶叶品质形成关系十分密切.以现代茶园（或小茶林）土壤和茶叶为对照,对云南景迈山、布朗山和南糯山古茶园土壤（0-20 c m ） 的p H 值、阳离子交换量（C E C ）、有机质（S O M ）、氮磷钾...土壤是茶树生存的基本条件,它与茶树生长发育和茶叶品质形成关系十分密切.以现代茶园（或小茶林）土壤和茶叶为对照,对云南景迈山、布朗山和南糯山古茶园土壤（0-20 c m ） 的p H 值、阳离子交换量（C E C ）、有机质（S O M ）、氮磷钾（N P K ）养分和-芽二叶晒青绿茶的水浸出物、茶多酚、氨基酸、咖啡碱及7 种多酚类单体含量进行了测定分析.结果表明,古茶园土壤含水率与现代茶园相比提高了15.23°%-46.82°%,布朗山和南糯山古茶园的土壤pH 值高于现代茶园（或小茶林）,古茶园土壤的CEC、SOM、总氮（T N ） 、总磷（T P ） 和有效磷（O lsen -P ）含量均显著高于现代茶园（或小茶林）;各茶山古茶园和现代台地茶园（或小茶林）茶叶的水浸出物、氨基酸、茶多酚及多酚类单体物质含量虽然不一致,但古茶树茶叶酚氨比为6.75-12.28,明显低于现代茶园茶叶的9.98-15.25;各茶园茶叶中5 种儿茶素含量的高低依次为：ECG〉EGCG〉EC〉EGC〉C,并且古茶园和现代茶园（或小茶林）茶叶的ECG和EGCG含量差异不显著;此外,仅在古茶树茶叶中检测到没食子酸（G A ） .古茶园栽培模式有利于防止茶园土壤酸化、降低茶园光照强度、提高茶园土壤含水率、促进茶园土壤肥力的可持续利用,有利于茶叶高氨基酸含量和低酚氨比的形成.展开更多
基金This study was supported by State Administration of Foreign Experts Affairs, P. R. China (No.2001430007)
文摘Four pairs of microsatellite molecular polymorphism primers were used to analyse microsatellite fingerprints of 188 seedlings derived from an open-pollinated progeny grafted Eucalyptus globulus breeding arboretum in Victoria, south-eastern Australia. The microsatellite loci chosen for this study were highly polymorphic with the mean number of alleles per locus of 14.25. Individual mothers varied in their outcrosssing rate estimate from 15% to 95%, the overall outcrossing level in the arboretum was 47.9% and the contamination rate was 17.6%. The high selfing level was likely to result in marked inbreeding depression in the performance of open-pollinated seed lots. Open-pollinated seeds collected from such arboreta are not advisable because of its low genetic quality, although such arboreta may be useful for the seed production through large-scale manual pollination or collecting seeds only from trees or genotypes within the arboretum that have high outcrossing rates.
基金Key Project of Chinese National Programs for Fundamental Research and Development(973 Pro-gram)(No.2004 CB117301).
文摘The segregation ratio of markers in an F2 population derived from Rudongjijiaoyaguo(Rdjjyg)and Zhongmian971(Zm971)was studied using 3 morphological markers,20 SSR markers,and ll SRAP markers.Totally,24 markers(77.42%)showed a distorted segregation and all of them skewed toward the female genotype,which was peculiar in recent cotton research.All the three types of SSR markers and SRAP marker showed distorted segregation,but the morphological markers(Purple stem,Okra leaf,and Red spot color)were normally segregated.This indicated that such a novel segregation distortion phenomenon resulted from interior genetic factors,The allele frequency and the distribution of different genotype frequencies in the F2 population were analyzed in codominant markers,to find out factors attributed to distorted segregation.Most of them implied distorted allele frequency,but it was normal genotype frequency,which showed that these markers were influenced at the gamete level.
基金Sponsored by Open Foundation of the Key Laboratory of Urban Land Resources Monitoring and Simulation of the Ministry of Land and Resources,China(KF-2019-04-072).
文摘Starting from reviewing the current development of botanic gardens in China,the shortcomings of current research on botanical gardens in China are summarized:the research and construction concepts of the botanical gardens lack professional characteristics;the education and science popularization system is extensive;and the investment and construction model and operation and management method are relatively rigid.Through combing the development history of The Morton Arboretum and introducing its construction features,such as the long-term garden-establishing idea with a high starting point,continuously building and improving for a long time to actively adapt to changes in social needs,a refi ned education and science popularization system for various groups,and a strong self-hematopoietic function,the successful construction experience of The Morton Arboretum is elaborated and the enlightenment from The Morton Arboretum to the construction of botanic gardens China are put forward,so as to provide a reference for the construction and development of botanic gardens in China in the new period.
基金funded by the Global PhD Scholarship between KU Leuven and UCLouvain。
文摘Litter decomposition is an essential ecosystem process influenced by multiple factors,including substrate quality,climate,edaphic environment,and decomposer communities.However,the role of canopy species identity and diversity on leaf litter decomposition in forests remains understudied.By controlling for macroclimate,soil properties,and litter substrate in a mature common garden,we investigated whether a three-month tea bag incubation of standardized green and rooibos tea substrate is driven by canopy tree species characteristics and diversity.Our study hypothesized two primary pathways:a chemical engineering effect,where trees alter soil properties and decomposer communities through litter input,and a physical engineering effect,where tree canopy structure modulates the local microclimate.The results showed that even under uniform macroclimatic and initial soil conditions,mass loss rates varied widely for green tea(27.4%–73.2%)and rooibos tea(6.1%–34.7%),comparable as found in other research between distinct biomes.While substrate quality was the dominant factor,both engineering pathways and,to a minor extent,tree diversity modulated mass losses.For green tea,tree chemical and physical characteristics seemed equally important,while the physical environment showed an increased importance for rooibos.Incubation depth played a key role,where forest floor decomposition rates are more susceptible to temporal climate variations,and soil-layer decomposition rates are less susceptible to climate variations and more determined by tree species identity.Our findings suggest that tea bag experiments focusing solely on topsoil burial may underestimate processes in the forest floor and the mineralorganic boundary layer.This study underscores the critical role of litter substrate quality in decomposition while demonstrating that tree community composition and the associated herbaceous layer,through both chemical and physical engineering pathways,strongly modulate decomposition rates.
文摘Recently,consumers have demanded safe,nutritious,and healthy food.Due to rapid heat transfer,microwave treatment(MT)preserves nutritional quality and provides safe food.In this investigation,the effect of Microwave heating(MH)treatment was analysed on the bioactive components and quality characteristics of buransh(Rhododendron arboretum)flower squash.The fresh squash(TSS 19.6°Brix)was prepared by adjusting TSS to 3,4,and 5°Brix by using RO water,and microwave treatment(MT)was given to the prepared squash as per the Box Behnken design(BBD).Process optimization was done using Design Expert 13 software.Microwave Power(MP),time,and total soluble solids(TSS)as process parameters showed significant(p<0.05)effects on responses,namely pH,TSS,total phenolic content(TPC)and total flavonoid content(TFC).The optimized values at optimum process parameters(300 W,30 s and 3°Brix)were found to be 3.79 for pH,2.395°Brix for TSS,44.28 mg GAE/100 mL for TPC and 132.159 mg QE/100 mL for TFC.The experimental values were found to be in accordance with the predicted values,having error(%)0.5249,3.96,2.75,and 1.55 for pH,TSS,TPC,and TFC respectively.It was concluded that microwave heating can be used for the treatment of buransh(Rhododendron arboretum)flower squash with superior retention of nutritional quality.
文摘土壤是茶树生存的基本条件,它与茶树生长发育和茶叶品质形成关系十分密切.以现代茶园（或小茶林）土壤和茶叶为对照,对云南景迈山、布朗山和南糯山古茶园土壤（0-20 c m ） 的p H 值、阳离子交换量（C E C ）、有机质（S O M ）、氮磷钾（N P K ）养分和-芽二叶晒青绿茶的水浸出物、茶多酚、氨基酸、咖啡碱及7 种多酚类单体含量进行了测定分析.结果表明,古茶园土壤含水率与现代茶园相比提高了15.23°%-46.82°%,布朗山和南糯山古茶园的土壤pH 值高于现代茶园（或小茶林）,古茶园土壤的CEC、SOM、总氮（T N ） 、总磷（T P ） 和有效磷（O lsen -P ）含量均显著高于现代茶园（或小茶林）;各茶山古茶园和现代台地茶园（或小茶林）茶叶的水浸出物、氨基酸、茶多酚及多酚类单体物质含量虽然不一致,但古茶树茶叶酚氨比为6.75-12.28,明显低于现代茶园茶叶的9.98-15.25;各茶园茶叶中5 种儿茶素含量的高低依次为：ECG〉EGCG〉EC〉EGC〉C,并且古茶园和现代茶园（或小茶林）茶叶的ECG和EGCG含量差异不显著;此外,仅在古茶树茶叶中检测到没食子酸（G A ） .古茶园栽培模式有利于防止茶园土壤酸化、降低茶园光照强度、提高茶园土壤含水率、促进茶园土壤肥力的可持续利用,有利于茶叶高氨基酸含量和低酚氨比的形成.
