Water deficit in arid and semiarid regions affects whole-plant sap flow and leaf-level water relations. The objectives of this study were to clarify how sap flow of Calligonum arborescens responds to different drought...Water deficit in arid and semiarid regions affects whole-plant sap flow and leaf-level water relations. The objectives of this study were to clarify how sap flow of Calligonum arborescens responds to different drought stress conditions and to understand its acclimation mechanism to drought environments. A field experiment was conducted for C. arborescens during the growing season to evaluate the effects of deficit irrigation on the daily and seasonal variations of trunk sap flow in the shelterbelt along the Tarim Desert Highway, Xinjiang, China. Three dif- ferent water regimes （2,380, 1,960 and 1,225 m3/hm2） were applied at different stages of plant growth. From 1 May to 30 October 2007, a heat-balance stem flow gauge was used to monitor the sap flow dynamics of C. arborescens under different water regimes. Atmospheric evaporation demand and soil moisture conditions for differentially irri- gated C. arborescens were also monitored. The result showed that sap flow exhibited a clear diurnal pattern re- gardless of treatments; the diurnal patterns of sap flow and vapour pressure deficit were very similar under different water regimes and growing seasons, while the slope of the linear regression of this correlation confirmed an in- creasing water regime. The sap flow decreased under reduced water regimes and there was nocturnal sap flow regardless of water regimes, which was mainly contributed to nocturnal transpiration and water recharge. The sap flow peaked before midnight and dropped afterwards with obviously higher values in summer than in other seasons. It is speculated that the water consumption of C. arborescens during the day can be supplemented through the sap flow at night, which increased with increasing irrigation amount. Net radiation was the most significant correlated factor that influenced sap flow velocity and transpiration under different water regimes （R2〉0.719）. Compared with the commonly practiced water regime, the growth of C. arborescens was significantly slower in the stress deficit irrigation, but not significantly different from that in the moderate deficit irrigation. The moderate deficit irrigation would not affect the stability of the shelterbelt and was a more efficient use of water resources compared with the current watering amount.展开更多
[Objective] The research aimed at investigating the variation in morpho-physiological characteristics of Ceratoides arborescens seeds from Inner Mongolia grassland.[Method] The seeds of six wild C.arborescens populati...[Objective] The research aimed at investigating the variation in morpho-physiological characteristics of Ceratoides arborescens seeds from Inner Mongolia grassland.[Method] The seeds of six wild C.arborescens populations were collected from Siwangziqi,Xilinhaote,Keshiketengqi and Wengniuteqi in Inner Mongolia grassland;then a total of eight indicators of seed morphology and germination traits were determined,respectively.[Result] There was wide variation in seed traits among different populations of C.arborescens.The variation within the populations was higher than that among the populations,which meant that C.arborescens had a strong adaptability to environment pressure.The seed traits shared a significant positive correlation with each other（r0.931,P0.01）.The three germination-related indices including seed germination rate,germination index,vitality index had significant positive correlations with each other（r 0.836,P0.01）and with seed setting rate（r0.896,P0.01）,but shared weak correlations with morphological traits.There were significant correlations between pappus length and longitude,rainfall,as well as between seed width and temperature,rainfall（r0.801,P0.01）.[Conclusion] The research will provide reference for the seed breeding and collection of germplasm resource.We suggest that collecting seeds from various individuals from each populations will be the preferred strategy to initiate plant improvement program of the species and for gene conservation in seed banks.展开更多
Objective:To investigate the butanol fraction of the water/acetone extract and isolate of the new flavonoids from Launeae arboescens.Methods:The compounds were isolated by liquid chromatographic methods and their stru...Objective:To investigate the butanol fraction of the water/acetone extract and isolate of the new flavonoids from Launeae arboescens.Methods:The compounds were isolated by liquid chromatographic methods and their structures were identified by using spectroscopic analysis.Results:The isolated compounds were identified as:7-0-[α-rhamnopyranosyl 4',5,6-Trihydroxy flavone 1,4',5'-Di-Methoxy 7-(5"-Me Hexan)1-oyl flavanone 2,3"-isopropyl pyrano[1":7,4":6]3',4',5',5-Tetrahydroxy flavanone 3,5,4',5'-Tri-Hydroxy 7-(3"-Me butan)-yl flavanone 4.5,7-Dihydroxy-2',4',5'-trimethoxy-isoflavanone 5,5,6,7,4'-tetrahydroxy flavonol 6,7-O-[α-rhamnopyranosyl-(1->6)-β-glucopyranosyl]-4',5,7-tri-hydroxy-flavanone 7,7-O-[α-rhamnopyranosyl-(1->6)-β-glucopyranosyl]3',5-Dihydroxy 4'-Methoxy flavanone 8.Conclusions:The presence of different types of bioactive flavonoids in Launeae arhoescens extract can explain the large ethnopharmacological uses and the potential activity of this medicinal plant.展开更多
The purpose of this study was to investigate the morphology, transmission route of photosynthetic products in the seed stalk of Caragana arborescens Lam. at various stages after flowering and evaluate the role of the ...The purpose of this study was to investigate the morphology, transmission route of photosynthetic products in the seed stalk of Caragana arborescens Lam. at various stages after flowering and evaluate the role of the seed stalk in seed maturation using scanning electron microscopy. We found that the mature seed stalk mainly consisted of vessels,sclerenchymatous cells and parenchymatous cells. Elongated cells formed a ring at the junction between the seed stalk and seed, and a large hollow was produced by two layers of sclerenchymatous cells in the interior seed, which functions to sustain seed growth. The opening in the center of the ring was closed during an early stage of seed development, and the opening enlarged as the seed matured.There were two routes for material transport, which started from the seed stalk： one from the seed coat to the embryo,and another directly entering the embryo. Vessels, which are abundant in the seed stalk, are the pathway for absorption of nutrients by the seeds. The vessels were densely packed in the seed stalk, and secondary thickening of the cell wall of the vessels was characterized by net thread thickening, while the secondary thickening of the cell wall of the vessels within the seed was characterized by screw thread thickening. The morphological characteristics of the vessels were adaptive to its functions.展开更多
Erythrinarbine 2, a novel alkaloid was isolated from the stem of Erythrina arborescens Roxb. Its structure and stereochemistry were elucidated on the basis of the spectral analysis (C-13 - H-1 COSY, H-1-H-1 COSY, NOES...Erythrinarbine 2, a novel alkaloid was isolated from the stem of Erythrina arborescens Roxb. Its structure and stereochemistry were elucidated on the basis of the spectral analysis (C-13 - H-1 COSY, H-1-H-1 COSY, NOESY and HMBC).展开更多
Five hitherto unknown isoflavonoids,namely erythrinins D-H(1-5),were isolated from the ethanol extract of Erythrina arborescens.Their structures were elucidated on the basis of extensive spectroscopic studies.In addit...Five hitherto unknown isoflavonoids,namely erythrinins D-H(1-5),were isolated from the ethanol extract of Erythrina arborescens.Their structures were elucidated on the basis of extensive spectroscopic studies.In addition,the structure of anagyroidisoflavone A(6a)has been revised as 1″-O-methylerythrinin F(6)by re-analysis of the original spectroscopic data.展开更多
Fourteen unprecedented artificial Erythrina alkaloids were isolated from the Erythrina variegata,E.crista-galli and E.arborescens(Fabaceae).The structures of these alkaloids were determined by spectroscopic analyses.T...Fourteen unprecedented artificial Erythrina alkaloids were isolated from the Erythrina variegata,E.crista-galli and E.arborescens(Fabaceae).The structures of these alkaloids were determined by spectroscopic analyses.Their possible forma-tions were proposed.All isolated compounds showed no cytotoxicity and hypoglycemic activity at cell screening bioassay.展开更多
Crassula arborescens （Mill.） Willd. subsp. Arborescens is widely used for the treatment of various ailments including diarrhoea, corns, epilepsy and as a purgative. However, no information exists in any literature t...Crassula arborescens （Mill.） Willd. subsp. Arborescens is widely used for the treatment of various ailments including diarrhoea, corns, epilepsy and as a purgative. However, no information exists in any literature to verify the acclaimed effectiveness of C. arborescens in the treatment of the various ailments. The study, therefore, intended to investigate the anticonvulsant activity of the leaf methanol extract of C. arborescens in mice. Acute toxicity study and phytochemical qualitative analysis of the plant extracts were also carried out. Chemically-induced convulsion methods were used to assess the anticonvulsant activity of C. arborescens. Standard methods were used for the acute toxicity study and phytochemical analysis of the chemical components of the plant extract. PTZ （pentylenetetrazole）, bicuculline, picrotoxin, NMDLA （N-methyl-DL-aspartic acid） or strychnine produced tonic convulsions in all the mice used. Leaf methanol extract of Crassula arborescens, muscimol, phenobarbitone or diazepam significantly antagonised PTZ, bicuculline or picrotoxin-induced convulsion. C. arborescens or LY233053 significantly antagonised NMDLA-induced tonic convulsion. C. arborescens or phenobarbitone significantly antagonised strychnine-elicited tonic convulsion. Phenytoin or DMSO （dimethylsulfoxide） did not significantly affect the tonic convulsion produced by PTZ, bicuculline, picrotoxin, NMDLA or strychnine. The LDso value obtained from intraperitoneal administration of C. arborescens was 781.6 mg/kg while that following oral administration of the plant extract was over 4,000 mg/kg. The phytochemical qualitative analysis done showed the presence of flavonoids, tannins, reducing sugar, saponins and triterpene steroids. The data obtained in the study show that the leaf methanol extract of Crassula arborescens has anticonvulsant activity which may be underpinned by GABAergic, glutaminergic and glycinergic mechanisms. The high LDso value obtained following the oral administration of the plant extract shows that the leaf methanol extract is non-toxic to animals.展开更多
基金financially supported by the International Science and Technology Cooperation Program of China (2012DFR30830)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (41261047)+1 种基金the Gansu Science and Technology Support Program(1204NKCA084)the Project of Knowledge Innovation of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(KZCX3-SW-342)
文摘Water deficit in arid and semiarid regions affects whole-plant sap flow and leaf-level water relations. The objectives of this study were to clarify how sap flow of Calligonum arborescens responds to different drought stress conditions and to understand its acclimation mechanism to drought environments. A field experiment was conducted for C. arborescens during the growing season to evaluate the effects of deficit irrigation on the daily and seasonal variations of trunk sap flow in the shelterbelt along the Tarim Desert Highway, Xinjiang, China. Three dif- ferent water regimes （2,380, 1,960 and 1,225 m3/hm2） were applied at different stages of plant growth. From 1 May to 30 October 2007, a heat-balance stem flow gauge was used to monitor the sap flow dynamics of C. arborescens under different water regimes. Atmospheric evaporation demand and soil moisture conditions for differentially irri- gated C. arborescens were also monitored. The result showed that sap flow exhibited a clear diurnal pattern re- gardless of treatments; the diurnal patterns of sap flow and vapour pressure deficit were very similar under different water regimes and growing seasons, while the slope of the linear regression of this correlation confirmed an in- creasing water regime. The sap flow decreased under reduced water regimes and there was nocturnal sap flow regardless of water regimes, which was mainly contributed to nocturnal transpiration and water recharge. The sap flow peaked before midnight and dropped afterwards with obviously higher values in summer than in other seasons. It is speculated that the water consumption of C. arborescens during the day can be supplemented through the sap flow at night, which increased with increasing irrigation amount. Net radiation was the most significant correlated factor that influenced sap flow velocity and transpiration under different water regimes （R2〉0.719）. Compared with the commonly practiced water regime, the growth of C. arborescens was significantly slower in the stress deficit irrigation, but not significantly different from that in the moderate deficit irrigation. The moderate deficit irrigation would not affect the stability of the shelterbelt and was a more efficient use of water resources compared with the current watering amount.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(30560099)Guizhou Key Agricultural Project(QianKeHe NY Zi[2010]3045)~~
文摘[Objective] The research aimed at investigating the variation in morpho-physiological characteristics of Ceratoides arborescens seeds from Inner Mongolia grassland.[Method] The seeds of six wild C.arborescens populations were collected from Siwangziqi,Xilinhaote,Keshiketengqi and Wengniuteqi in Inner Mongolia grassland;then a total of eight indicators of seed morphology and germination traits were determined,respectively.[Result] There was wide variation in seed traits among different populations of C.arborescens.The variation within the populations was higher than that among the populations,which meant that C.arborescens had a strong adaptability to environment pressure.The seed traits shared a significant positive correlation with each other（r0.931,P0.01）.The three germination-related indices including seed germination rate,germination index,vitality index had significant positive correlations with each other（r 0.836,P0.01）and with seed setting rate（r0.896,P0.01）,but shared weak correlations with morphological traits.There were significant correlations between pappus length and longitude,rainfall,as well as between seed width and temperature,rainfall（r0.801,P0.01）.[Conclusion] The research will provide reference for the seed breeding and collection of germplasm resource.We suggest that collecting seeds from various individuals from each populations will be the preferred strategy to initiate plant improvement program of the species and for gene conservation in seed banks.
基金Supported by MESRS-Algeria(Grant No.E03820100011)
文摘Objective:To investigate the butanol fraction of the water/acetone extract and isolate of the new flavonoids from Launeae arboescens.Methods:The compounds were isolated by liquid chromatographic methods and their structures were identified by using spectroscopic analysis.Results:The isolated compounds were identified as:7-0-[α-rhamnopyranosyl 4',5,6-Trihydroxy flavone 1,4',5'-Di-Methoxy 7-(5"-Me Hexan)1-oyl flavanone 2,3"-isopropyl pyrano[1":7,4":6]3',4',5',5-Tetrahydroxy flavanone 3,5,4',5'-Tri-Hydroxy 7-(3"-Me butan)-yl flavanone 4.5,7-Dihydroxy-2',4',5'-trimethoxy-isoflavanone 5,5,6,7,4'-tetrahydroxy flavonol 6,7-O-[α-rhamnopyranosyl-(1->6)-β-glucopyranosyl]-4',5,7-tri-hydroxy-flavanone 7,7-O-[α-rhamnopyranosyl-(1->6)-β-glucopyranosyl]3',5-Dihydroxy 4'-Methoxy flavanone 8.Conclusions:The presence of different types of bioactive flavonoids in Launeae arhoescens extract can explain the large ethnopharmacological uses and the potential activity of this medicinal plant.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.31600364)
文摘The purpose of this study was to investigate the morphology, transmission route of photosynthetic products in the seed stalk of Caragana arborescens Lam. at various stages after flowering and evaluate the role of the seed stalk in seed maturation using scanning electron microscopy. We found that the mature seed stalk mainly consisted of vessels,sclerenchymatous cells and parenchymatous cells. Elongated cells formed a ring at the junction between the seed stalk and seed, and a large hollow was produced by two layers of sclerenchymatous cells in the interior seed, which functions to sustain seed growth. The opening in the center of the ring was closed during an early stage of seed development, and the opening enlarged as the seed matured.There were two routes for material transport, which started from the seed stalk： one from the seed coat to the embryo,and another directly entering the embryo. Vessels, which are abundant in the seed stalk, are the pathway for absorption of nutrients by the seeds. The vessels were densely packed in the seed stalk, and secondary thickening of the cell wall of the vessels was characterized by net thread thickening, while the secondary thickening of the cell wall of the vessels within the seed was characterized by screw thread thickening. The morphological characteristics of the vessels were adaptive to its functions.
文摘Erythrinarbine 2, a novel alkaloid was isolated from the stem of Erythrina arborescens Roxb. Its structure and stereochemistry were elucidated on the basis of the spectral analysis (C-13 - H-1 COSY, H-1-H-1 COSY, NOESY and HMBC).
基金This work was financially supported by the"Large-scale Compound Library"project of the National Development and Reform Commission of China,the National Basic Research Program of China(973 Program)2009CB522300the"Western Light"talents training program of Chinese Academy of Sciences.
文摘Five hitherto unknown isoflavonoids,namely erythrinins D-H(1-5),were isolated from the ethanol extract of Erythrina arborescens.Their structures were elucidated on the basis of extensive spectroscopic studies.In addition,the structure of anagyroidisoflavone A(6a)has been revised as 1″-O-methylerythrinin F(6)by re-analysis of the original spectroscopic data.
基金supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31872677).
文摘Fourteen unprecedented artificial Erythrina alkaloids were isolated from the Erythrina variegata,E.crista-galli and E.arborescens(Fabaceae).The structures of these alkaloids were determined by spectroscopic analyses.Their possible forma-tions were proposed.All isolated compounds showed no cytotoxicity and hypoglycemic activity at cell screening bioassay.
文摘Crassula arborescens （Mill.） Willd. subsp. Arborescens is widely used for the treatment of various ailments including diarrhoea, corns, epilepsy and as a purgative. However, no information exists in any literature to verify the acclaimed effectiveness of C. arborescens in the treatment of the various ailments. The study, therefore, intended to investigate the anticonvulsant activity of the leaf methanol extract of C. arborescens in mice. Acute toxicity study and phytochemical qualitative analysis of the plant extracts were also carried out. Chemically-induced convulsion methods were used to assess the anticonvulsant activity of C. arborescens. Standard methods were used for the acute toxicity study and phytochemical analysis of the chemical components of the plant extract. PTZ （pentylenetetrazole）, bicuculline, picrotoxin, NMDLA （N-methyl-DL-aspartic acid） or strychnine produced tonic convulsions in all the mice used. Leaf methanol extract of Crassula arborescens, muscimol, phenobarbitone or diazepam significantly antagonised PTZ, bicuculline or picrotoxin-induced convulsion. C. arborescens or LY233053 significantly antagonised NMDLA-induced tonic convulsion. C. arborescens or phenobarbitone significantly antagonised strychnine-elicited tonic convulsion. Phenytoin or DMSO （dimethylsulfoxide） did not significantly affect the tonic convulsion produced by PTZ, bicuculline, picrotoxin, NMDLA or strychnine. The LDso value obtained from intraperitoneal administration of C. arborescens was 781.6 mg/kg while that following oral administration of the plant extract was over 4,000 mg/kg. The phytochemical qualitative analysis done showed the presence of flavonoids, tannins, reducing sugar, saponins and triterpene steroids. The data obtained in the study show that the leaf methanol extract of Crassula arborescens has anticonvulsant activity which may be underpinned by GABAergic, glutaminergic and glycinergic mechanisms. The high LDso value obtained following the oral administration of the plant extract shows that the leaf methanol extract is non-toxic to animals.
