Several conjugate components represent the aquatic ecosystem of Lake Baikal:Baikal water(surface and deep water),groundwater from boreholes,water of numerous Baikal tributaries,cold and hot mineral springs around Lake...Several conjugate components represent the aquatic ecosystem of Lake Baikal:Baikal water(surface and deep water),groundwater from boreholes,water of numerous Baikal tributaries,cold and hot mineral springs around Lake Baikal,and the Angara River,the only runoff reflecting all this aquatic diversity.River waters in the Baikal region are known to be deficient in some vital elements,including fluorine.This article discusses the features of the fluorine distribution in the water from the conjugate components of the Baikal ecosystem.Fluorine ion concentrations in the water of the Baikal ecosystem was determined using the potentiometric method.The study represents the monitoring that was carried out between 1997 and 2022 years.We determine likely causes of high and low fluorine concentrations in the water from different components,propose and substantiate the fluorine sources,geological and geochemical model of its influx and distribution features in the water of the Baikal ecosystem.展开更多
One of the crucial elements that is directly tied to the quality of living organisms is the quality of the water.How-ever,water quality has been adversely affected by plastic pollution,a global environmental disaster ...One of the crucial elements that is directly tied to the quality of living organisms is the quality of the water.How-ever,water quality has been adversely affected by plastic pollution,a global environmental disaster that has an effect on aquatic life,wildlife,and human health.To prevent these effects,better monitoring,detection,characterisation,quanti-fication,and tracking of aquatic plastic pollution at regional and global scales is urgently needed.Remote sensing tech-nology is regarded as a useful technique,as it offers a promising new and less labour-intensive tool for the detection,quantification,and characterisation of aquatic plastic pollution.The study seeks to supplement to the body of scientific literature by compiling original data on the monitoring of plastic pollution in aquatic environments using remote sensing technology,which can function as a cost saving method for water pollution and risk management in developing nations.This article provides a profound analysis of plastic pollution,including its categories,sources,distribution,chemical properties,and potential risks.It also provides an in-depth review of remote sensing technologies,satellite-derived in-dices,and research trends related to their applicability.Additionally,the study clarifies the difficulties in using remote sensing technologies for aquatic plastic monitoring and practical ways to reduce aquatic plastic pollution.The study will improve the understanding of aquatic plastic pollution,health hazards,and the suitability of remote sensing technology for aquatic plastic contamination monitoring studies among researchers and interested parties.展开更多
Co-exposure of pharmaceuticals and microplastics(MPs)significantly exacerbates the aquatic environmental pollution issue.While MPs are identified as carriers of pollutants,research on the adsorption behaviors of biode...Co-exposure of pharmaceuticals and microplastics(MPs)significantly exacerbates the aquatic environmental pollution issue.While MPs are identified as carriers of pollutants,research on the adsorption behaviors of biodegradable and conventional MPs to pharmaceuticals limited.The study investigated the adsorption behavior of conventional MPs(polystyrene and polyethylene terephthalate),biodegradable MPs polylactic acid(PLA)and polybutylene succinate(PBS)for sulfamethoxazole(SMX).Meanwhile,changes in physicalchemical properties,including morphology,crystallinity,hydrophobicity and structures of MPs after aging(e.g.,ultraviolet treatment)were investigated.Results exhibited that the oxygen-containing functional groups of MPs surface increased after ultraviolet treatment and enhanced the adsorption capacity for SMX,except for PLA.PLA exhibits the highest adsorption capacity,primarily due to its higher hydrophobicity and larger pore size.In contrast,PBS shows the lowest adsorption affinity for SMX because of its hydrophilicity and small pore size.The adsorption capacity of degradable MPs after aging is greater than that of non-degradable MPs.Electrostatic interaction and hydrophobic interaction are the main mechanisms of adsorption of virgin MPs,while hydrogen bond interaction and electrostatic interaction are the primary adsorption mechanisms for aged MPs.These results contribute to understanding the co-transport and migration of SMX and MPs in the environment,and furnish the necessary data for their ecological risk assessment.展开更多
Emerging contaminants,such as pharmaceuticals,pesticides,microplastics,and per-and polyfluoroalkyl substances(PFAS),pose significant environmental and health risks due to their persistence,bioaccumulative nature,and e...Emerging contaminants,such as pharmaceuticals,pesticides,microplastics,and per-and polyfluoroalkyl substances(PFAS),pose significant environmental and health risks due to their persistence,bioaccumulative nature,and ecological toxicity.This mini-review examines their major sources,including industrial effluents,urban runoff,and landfill leachate,and highlights their detrimental impacts on aquatic biodiversity and human health.By synthesizing current research,the review emphasizes the urgent need for improved monitoring,regulatory interventions,and innovative mitigation strategies.It provides a concise overview to guide future research and inform policies aimed at safeguarding aquatic ecosystems and public health.展开更多
Persistent halogenated organic pollutants(HOPs)are globally concerned owing to their persistence,bioaccumulation,and potential toxicity to aquatic organisms.The trophic transfer of HOPs can affect their toxic effects ...Persistent halogenated organic pollutants(HOPs)are globally concerned owing to their persistence,bioaccumulation,and potential toxicity to aquatic organisms.The trophic transfer of HOPs can affect their toxic effects on both humans and ecosystems.Previous studies mostly focused on HOPs biomagnification within specific regional or ecosystem contexts,however,the variation in trophicmagnification factors(TMFs)among different HOPs across a spectrum of diverse aquatic systems globally remains unclear.By collating literatures encompassing TMFs of polychlorinated biphenyls(PCBs),polybrominated diphenyl ethers(PBDEs),or perfluoroalkyl acids(PFAAs)along invertebrate–fish food webs on a global scale,our analysis revealed that Asia,North America,and Europe exhibited the highest pollution levels of HOPs.PCBs were found to have the highest trophicmagnification capability(TMF=3.14),followed by PBDEs(TMF=2.48)and PFAAs(TMF=1.97).TMF values and the probability of TMF exceeding 1 for PCB,PBDE and PFAA congeners showed a parabolic relationship with halogenation degree and carbon chain length.Specifically,PCBswith 6 chlorines,PBDEs with 5 bromines,and PFAAs with 12 carbons exhibited maximum trophic transfer capability and potential along food webs.Fractionation of PCBs and PFAAs was observed,with the proportions of higher chlorination degree and longer chain PFAAs increasing while the others decreased with trophic levels.Surprisingly,we also found a positive relationship between site latitude and TMF values of HOP congeners.This study provides a valuable basis for gauging ecological and health risks of HOPs,facilitating the development of robust standards for aquatic environment management.展开更多
A ratiometric fluorescent probe for hypoxanthine(Hx)detection was established based on the mimic enzyme and fluorescence characteristics of cobalt-doped graphite-phase carbon nitride(Co doped g-C_(3)N_(4)).In addition...A ratiometric fluorescent probe for hypoxanthine(Hx)detection was established based on the mimic enzyme and fluorescence characteristics of cobalt-doped graphite-phase carbon nitride(Co doped g-C_(3)N_(4)).In addition to emitting strong fluorescence,the peroxidase activity of Co doped g-C_(3)N_(4)can catalyze the reaction of O-phenylenediamine and H_(2)O_(2)to produce diallyl phthalate which can emit yellow fluorescence at 570 nm.Through the decomposition of Hx by xanthine oxidase,Hx can be indirectly detected by the generating hydrogen peroxide based on the measurement of fluorescent ratio I(F_(570)/F_(370)).The linear range was 1.7-272.2 mg/kg(R^(2)=0.997),and the detection limit was 1.52 mg/kg(3σ/K,n=9).The established method was applied to Hx detection in bass,grass carp,and shrimp,and the data were verified by HPLC.The result shows that the established probe is sensitive,accurate,and reliable,and can be used for Hx detection in aquatic products.展开更多
This study investigates the variations of microcystins(MCs)in water,cyanobacterial blooms,sediment,and aquatic organisms collected from the Dau Tieng Reservoir(DTR).Vietnam.Highperformance liquid chromatography(HPLC)w...This study investigates the variations of microcystins(MCs)in water,cyanobacterial blooms,sediment,and aquatic organisms collected from the Dau Tieng Reservoir(DTR).Vietnam.Highperformance liquid chromatography(HPLC)was employed to measure MC concentrations in various target samples.Results indicate that Microcystis spp.dominates as the primary MC producer in the DTR.The average concentrations of analyzed MCs in surface water ranged from 1.10 to 5.54μg/L,temporally and spatially.In sediment,average concentrations varied from 0.15 to 1.13μg/g wet weight(WW)temporally and from 0.41 to 0.72μg/g WW spatially.MCs were detected in different organs of fish species(Oreochromis sp.and Labiobarbus sp.)and in the entire soft tissues of bivalve(Corbicula sp.)and gastropod(Assiminea sp.).The highest observed MC concentration in July was 0.83±0.22μg/g WW in the intestines of fish Oreochromis sp.The presence of MCs in grass shrimp Palaemonetes sp.was observed solely in June,reaching a concentration of 0.28±0.19μg/g WW.This is the first report of MC accumulation in the grass shrimp Palaemonetes sp.during field collection.For the bivalve Corbicula sp.,the presence of analyzed MCs was consistent throughout the study period,except for March and September,with the highest concentrations in July at 0.77±0.1μg/g WW.Pearson correlation analysis revealed significant positive correlations between MCs in water and sediment with MC concentrations in aquatic animals,indicating the potential transfer of MCs across different trophic levels.The estimated daily intake values for analyzed MCs indicate that fish collected from the DTR are considered safe for consumption,as long as only the edible organs,such as the muscle,are consumed.However,bivalves or gastropods collected from the DTR are not safe for human consumption.This study underscored the importance of monitoring MC accumulation in aquatic animals used as food to mitigate adverse effects on human health.展开更多
Safeguarding water resources,aquatic habitats,and ecosystems is paramount for the well-being of the populace,the future of the nation,and the sustainable development of China.With the relentless progression of ecologi...Safeguarding water resources,aquatic habitats,and ecosystems is paramount for the well-being of the populace,the future of the nation,and the sustainable development of China.With the relentless progression of ecological and environmental protection and the establishment of an ecological civilization,China's aquatic ecological environment protection has undergone five decades of exploration.The water environment protection paradigm has gradually transitioned from emphasizing pollutant emission concentration control and total pollutant emission control to prioritizing water environment quality improvement.Particularly in the past decade,regions nationwide have conducted proactive explorations and practices in source control,emission abatement,and quality enhancement.This paper systematically reviews the achievements in China's water environmental quality improvement and the characteristics of water environment management at various stages over the past half-century.Considering the deployment of“three waters”coordination(water resources,water environment,and water ecology),green development,pollution,carbon reduction,and so forth,this paper analyzes the challenges confronted by China's aquatic ecological environment protection.Finally,future directions are prospected from six aspects:green development,climate change response,water resource allocation optimization,collaborative governance of multiple pollutants,aquatic ecological protection strengthening,and intelligent management improvement.展开更多
Multi-channel polarization optical technology is increasingly used for prompt monitoring of water systems.Optical devices during the assessment of water quality determine the intensity of light through the studied aqu...Multi-channel polarization optical technology is increasingly used for prompt monitoring of water systems.Optical devices during the assessment of water quality determine the intensity of light through the studied aquatic environment.Spectrophotometric devices measure the spectrum of weakening of light through the aquatic environment.Spectroellipsometric devices receive spectra in vertical and horizontal polarizations.The presented article develops an adaptive optical hardware and image system for monitoring water bodies.The system is combined.It consists of 2 parts:1)automated spectrophotometer-refractometer,and 2)adaptive spectroellipsometer.The system is equipped with a corresponding algorithmic and software,including algorithms for identifying spectral curves,databases and knowledge of spectral curves algorithms for solving reverse problems.The presented system is original since it differs from modern foreign systems by a new method of spectrophotometric and spectroellipsometric measurements,an original elemental base of polarization optics and a comprehensive mathematical approach to assessing the quality of a water body.There are no rotating polarization elements in the system.Therefore,this makes it possible to increase the signal-to-noise ratio and,as a result,improve measurement stability and simplify multichannel spectrophotometers and spectroellipsometers.The proposed system can be used in various water systems where it is necessary to assess water quality or identify the presence of a certain set of chemical elements.展开更多
The increased consumption of azithromycin during the COVID-19 pandemic may have led to its presence in the waterways. This study aims to evaluate the effect of this situation on aquatic bacteria. Methodology: Over a f...The increased consumption of azithromycin during the COVID-19 pandemic may have led to its presence in the waterways. This study aims to evaluate the effect of this situation on aquatic bacteria. Methodology: Over a four-month period following the official recognition of the COVID-19 outbreak in Yaoundé, water samples were collected from four rivers selected on the basis of their vicinity to care centers for COVID-19. Bacteria within azithromycin’s spectrum of activity were isolated, and the antibiotic’s efficacy was tested against the most frequently isolated species. The influence of COVID-19 incidence and other external factors was also assessed. Results: The most frequently isolated bacteria were Bacillus spp., Enterococcus spp., Listeria spp. and Staphylococcus epidermidis. These strains exhibited varying levels of sensitivity to azithromycin, ranging from 0% to 100%. The observed resistance rates were 12.5%, 14.29%, 16.67%, and 0%, respectively. Neither COVID-19 incidence, proximity to hospitals, nor rainfall significantly influenced bacterial resistance rates to azithromycin (P > 0.05). These resistance levels may be attributed to the relatively short exposure of bacteria to azithromycin at the sampled locations, as well as the impact of agricultural and livestock-related chemicals, such as biocides and antibiotics, present in the watershed. Conclusion: These results highlight the need to integrate into anti-COVID-19 activities, the monitoring of bacteria’s sensitivity in aquatic environments.展开更多
One major problem that humanity has been confronting recently is water quality. Just 2.5 percent of the water resources on Earth are freshwater resources. Water is an indispensable resource for all living things, and ...One major problem that humanity has been confronting recently is water quality. Just 2.5 percent of the water resources on Earth are freshwater resources. Water is an indispensable resource for all living things, and it is a vital value. Pollution of limited freshwater resources causes further pressure on freshwater resources. Humans play a major role in the waste and pollution of this essential natural resource. This research project focused on the impacts of water pollution and its effects on agriculture, land and aquatic systems, a case study which was conducted in River Njoro, in Nakuru County. With the aid of questioners for information acquisition, the study determined different pollutants and their impact on agriculture. Results indicated that there is a dire need for conservation efforts in the area. Humanity should receive education awareness-capacity building regarding water contamination in order to mitigate the issues to some extent. By doing so, the world we live in becomes a better place for all.展开更多
The present study conducted in the town of Ombessa aims to assess the influence of abiotic factors on the abundance dynamics and antibiotic susceptibility of Escherichia coli and Enterococcus faecalis isolated from so...The present study conducted in the town of Ombessa aims to assess the influence of abiotic factors on the abundance dynamics and antibiotic susceptibility of Escherichia coli and Enterococcus faecalis isolated from some aquatic systems from February to July 2022, monthly samples were taken at 10 water points used by the population (8 groundwater points and 2 surface water points). Samples were analyzed for physico-chemical parameters such as temperature, pH, electrical conductivity. Bacteriological variables such as BHAM, E. coli and E. faecalis abundances were also assessed. Antibiotic susceptibility of E. coli and E. faecalis was assessed using 06 antibiotics using the Kirby-Bauer diffusion disk method. The results show that bacterial abundances were the highest in surface waters. Bacterial densities were the highest in May and the lowest in February. The average densities recorded were 3845 CFU/100mL for BHAM, 380 CFU/100mL for E. coli and 14 CFU/100mL for E. faecalis in groundwater;and 8583 CFU/100mL for BHAM, 6878 CFU/100mL for E. coli and 812 CFU/100mL for E. faecalis in surface water. Antibiotic susceptibility tests showed that these bacterial species are sensitive to Gentamicin, Chloramphenicol, Azithromycin and Ciprofloxacin. They are all resistant to Trimethoprim/Sulfamethoxazole, E. coli is resistant to Doxycycline and E. faecalis has an intermediate sensitivity to Gentamicin. Overall, the Multiresistance to Antibiotics (MRA) indices obtained were above 0.2, indicating the presence of multidrug resistance in bacterial communities. The physico-chemical properties of the water varied over time and space, but on the whole remained below the threshold values of WHO guidelines. The degree of linkage between abiotic water variables and bacteriological parameters has shown that bacterial densities are more abundant in rainy seasons and increased O2 levels favor bacterial growth, while TSS, CO2 and dissolved nitrate levels affect the sensitivity of these bacterial species to antibiotics.展开更多
Maintaining beneficial, native plant structure and diversity while reducing invasive, nuisance species dominance is an important management domain for natural resource managers. One such vegetation component in North ...Maintaining beneficial, native plant structure and diversity while reducing invasive, nuisance species dominance is an important management domain for natural resource managers. One such vegetation component in North American lakes and reservoirs is submerged aquatic vegetation—a valuable aquatic resource which serves as productive habitat for fish, aquatic macroinvertebrates, and other wildlife. Reservoirs in the southern parts of the United States have experienced varying aquatic plant dominance dynamics due to historical water resource management actions, including drawdowns and introduction of herbivorous fish for the purpose of controlling invasive aquatic vegetation. Some of these management options have also been detrimental to native submerged aquatic vegetation. This paper explores an adaptive management research effort by installing herbivore-protected, fenced-pen submerged aquatic vegetation sites in a high-herbivore reservoir to determine effectiveness of protecting habitat and serving as founder colony sources for propagule spread. Four experimental sites with three management treatments each were planted with American eelgrass. Each site utilized one un-fenced treatment and two treatments with varying mesh sizes for protective fencing-pens. Site integrity, species survival and spread, and grazing were documented. One additional site was installed and planted with other native submerged aquatic vegetation species for nominal species performance descriptions. No plants survived unprotected in the high-herbivore system and plants, in general, performed consistently better within the smaller mesh size. These test planting results were ultimately used to inform adaptive management decision making for plant installation and expansion designs for managing reservoirs invested with Hydrilla, considered one of the most serious invasive aquatic plants in the United States.展开更多
[Objective] To study the purification effect of plant community on wetland water environment in Hongze Lake, and to provide references to the ecological restoration of this area. [Methed] The typical lakeside zone of ...[Objective] To study the purification effect of plant community on wetland water environment in Hongze Lake, and to provide references to the ecological restoration of this area. [Methed] The typical lakeside zone of Hongze Lake Wetland National Nature Reserve was taken as the study area. Through the field survey based on environmental characteristics of aquatic areas and non-aquatic areas, combined with laboratory test, the content changes of nutrients （N and P）, COD （chemical oxygen demand） and SD （transparency） levels in the water body of lake wetland were measured; the purification effect of the lake wetland ecosystem in the growth process of aquatic vegetation was quantitatively analyzed, and possible influ- encing factors were discussed. [Result] Aquatic vegetation could remove the TN, TP, COD, Chla in wetland water environment and had obvious effects on the changes of SD content. Competition between aquatic plants can inhibit the growth of algae and relieve the eutrophication of water body. [Conclusion] This study provided theoretical basis for ecological restoration and enhancement of self-purification capability in the lakeside zone of Hongze Lake.展开更多
[Objective] The aim was to study effects of aquatic plants on resuspen- sion of sediment in Lake Taihu. [Method] New resuspension simulator was used in the research. Elodea nuttalli, submerged plant, and Phragmites au...[Objective] The aim was to study effects of aquatic plants on resuspen- sion of sediment in Lake Taihu. [Method] New resuspension simulator was used in the research. Elodea nuttalli, submerged plant, and Phragmites australis, emergent aquatic plant, were grown in substrate sludge with varied planting density set. Study of simulation experiment on the feature of sediment resuspension was carried on under shearing stress of 0.2-0.5 N/m2 and agitation of 1-30 min. [Result] Aquatic plant growing would effectively reduce seston concentration in water. Concentrations of final Suspended Particulate Matter （SPM） in experimental groups and control groups were as follows： water without plant〉coverage of 30% of Elodea nuttalli〉cov- erage of 60% of Elodea nuttalli〉Phragmites australis with concentration of 50 stock/m2〉 coverage of 90% of Elodea nuttalli〉Phragmites australis with concentration of 80 stock/m2〉Phragmites australis with concentration of 150 stock/m2; SPM concentration showed a tendency from increasing to stable with change of stirring time under dif- ferent shearing stresses： SPM concentration was of severe change at early stage in barrel without aquatic plant while change of SPM concentration in barrel with aquatic plant was quite mild and grew smaller with concentration increasing; SPM concentration was reduced much more if Phragmites australis planted compared with that of Elodea nuttalli; under different shearing stresses, reduction of SPM concen- tration by increase of Phragmites australis area was much more than by increase of Elodea nuttalli area. [Conclusion] It would provide powerful scientific reference for control on aquatic environment through comprehensive research on the feature of sediment resuspension.展开更多
[Objective] The aim was to improve part of auto-control system of aquatic seedling breeding and to lay foundation for highly-efficient and stable use of the sys- tem. [Method] The executive and drive modules of the au...[Objective] The aim was to improve part of auto-control system of aquatic seedling breeding and to lay foundation for highly-efficient and stable use of the sys- tem. [Method] The executive and drive modules of the auto-control system were im- proved, after which real-time monitor, data display and alarm modules were tested on time. [Result] In the test, for the improved system, stability and sensitivity were enhanced; different components matched better; transmitting electric resistanc6 was reduced. [Conclusion] The research provides references for auto-control of water temperature and dissolved oxygen, and faults clearing in aquatic seedling breeding.展开更多
For purifying raw water for tap water treatment, the aquatic vegetable bed （AVB） experiment has been carded out in a hypertrophic waterfront of Taihu Lake, China. The average removal rates of total microcystin-RR an...For purifying raw water for tap water treatment, the aquatic vegetable bed （AVB） experiment has been carded out in a hypertrophic waterfront of Taihu Lake, China. The average removal rates of total microcystin-RR and microcystin-LR are 63.0% and 66. 7%, respectively. Experiments indicate that lpomoea aquatica can absorb microcystin by using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA）, and the roots absorb more toxins than leaves and stems. Fluorescence in situ hybridization （FISH） is used to analyze the density of microcystin degrading bacteria in the AVB sediment. Two species of microcystin degrading bacteria are detected, which indicate that microcystin bio-degradation process happened in the AVB. Protozoa and metazoa are abundant in root spheres. Aspidisca sp., Vorticella sp., Philodina sp., and Lecane sp. are dominant species. The predation functions of protozoa and metazoa have a positive effect on the removal of cyanobacteria and microcystin.展开更多
Sleep has been studied widely in mammals and to some extent in other vertebrates. Higher vertebrates such as birds and mammals have evolved an inimitable rapid eye movement （REM） sleep state. During REM sleep, postu...Sleep has been studied widely in mammals and to some extent in other vertebrates. Higher vertebrates such as birds and mammals have evolved an inimitable rapid eye movement （REM） sleep state. During REM sleep, postural muscles become atonic and the temperature regulating machinery remains suspended. Although REM sleep is present in almost all the terrestrial mammals, the aquatic mammals have either radically reduced or completely eliminated REM sleep. Further, we found a significant negative correlation between REM sleep and the adaptation of the organism to live on land or in water. The amount of REM sleep is highest in terrestrial mammals, significantly reduced in semi-aquatic mammals and completely absent or negligible in aquatic mammals. The aquatic mammals are obligate swimmers and have to sur- face at regular intervals for air. Also, these animals live in thermally challenging environments, where the conductive heat loss is approximately -90 times greater than air. Therefore, they have to be moving most of the time. As an adaptation, they have evolved unihemispheric sleep, during which they can rove as well as rest. A condition that immobilizes muscle activity and suspends the thermoregulatory machinery, as happens during REM sleep, is not suitable for these animals. It is possible that, in accord with Darwin＇s theory, aquatic mammals might have abolished REM sleep with time. In this review, we discuss the possibility of the intrinsic role of aquatic conditions in the elimination of REM sleep in the aquatic mammals.展开更多
[Objective] The aim of this study was to purify an antimicrobial protein from a biocontrol bacterium strain K2-1 and analyze its antimicrobial activity in vitro against some typical aquatic pathogens. [Method] The ant...[Objective] The aim of this study was to purify an antimicrobial protein from a biocontrol bacterium strain K2-1 and analyze its antimicrobial activity in vitro against some typical aquatic pathogens. [Method] The antimicrobial protein was ob- tained by using ammonium sulfate precipitation and Sephadex chromatography combined with hot water bath. The antimicrobial assay was conducted by means of agar diffusion technique, using Vibrio alginolyticus, Aeromonas hydrophila, Aeromonas. Sobria, Pseudomonas fluorescens, Vibrio Parahaemolyticus, Vibrio har- veyi and Vibrio anguillarum as test bacteria. [Result] Antimicrobial protein APK2 can be derived from fermentation broth of strain K2-1 and purified to the chromatogra- phy pure level by the methods provided, the final yield of the antimicrobial compo- nent is approximately 0.08%. This antimicrobial protein had a strong antimicrobial activity against the growth of most those bacteria. [Conclusion] The results show that APK2 could be a potential alternative to replace chemical antimicrobial agent in the control and prevention of aquatic diseases.展开更多
This paper reviews the development of aquatic vegetable production and research in Hunan. The advantages of aquatic vegetable industry in Hunan are discussed in detail on its location, brand, market, planting and proc...This paper reviews the development of aquatic vegetable production and research in Hunan. The advantages of aquatic vegetable industry in Hunan are discussed in detail on its location, brand, market, planting and processing. And the development strategies of the above-mentioned industry are further analyzed in the paper, such as variety resources, breeding and industrialization.展开更多
基金the framework of the IGC SB RAS project(No.0284-2021-0003)supported by the RFFR ofi_m project(No.17-29-05022).
文摘Several conjugate components represent the aquatic ecosystem of Lake Baikal:Baikal water(surface and deep water),groundwater from boreholes,water of numerous Baikal tributaries,cold and hot mineral springs around Lake Baikal,and the Angara River,the only runoff reflecting all this aquatic diversity.River waters in the Baikal region are known to be deficient in some vital elements,including fluorine.This article discusses the features of the fluorine distribution in the water from the conjugate components of the Baikal ecosystem.Fluorine ion concentrations in the water of the Baikal ecosystem was determined using the potentiometric method.The study represents the monitoring that was carried out between 1997 and 2022 years.We determine likely causes of high and low fluorine concentrations in the water from different components,propose and substantiate the fluorine sources,geological and geochemical model of its influx and distribution features in the water of the Baikal ecosystem.
文摘One of the crucial elements that is directly tied to the quality of living organisms is the quality of the water.How-ever,water quality has been adversely affected by plastic pollution,a global environmental disaster that has an effect on aquatic life,wildlife,and human health.To prevent these effects,better monitoring,detection,characterisation,quanti-fication,and tracking of aquatic plastic pollution at regional and global scales is urgently needed.Remote sensing tech-nology is regarded as a useful technique,as it offers a promising new and less labour-intensive tool for the detection,quantification,and characterisation of aquatic plastic pollution.The study seeks to supplement to the body of scientific literature by compiling original data on the monitoring of plastic pollution in aquatic environments using remote sensing technology,which can function as a cost saving method for water pollution and risk management in developing nations.This article provides a profound analysis of plastic pollution,including its categories,sources,distribution,chemical properties,and potential risks.It also provides an in-depth review of remote sensing technologies,satellite-derived in-dices,and research trends related to their applicability.Additionally,the study clarifies the difficulties in using remote sensing technologies for aquatic plastic monitoring and practical ways to reduce aquatic plastic pollution.The study will improve the understanding of aquatic plastic pollution,health hazards,and the suitability of remote sensing technology for aquatic plastic contamination monitoring studies among researchers and interested parties.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52100039)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.531118010896).
文摘Co-exposure of pharmaceuticals and microplastics(MPs)significantly exacerbates the aquatic environmental pollution issue.While MPs are identified as carriers of pollutants,research on the adsorption behaviors of biodegradable and conventional MPs to pharmaceuticals limited.The study investigated the adsorption behavior of conventional MPs(polystyrene and polyethylene terephthalate),biodegradable MPs polylactic acid(PLA)and polybutylene succinate(PBS)for sulfamethoxazole(SMX).Meanwhile,changes in physicalchemical properties,including morphology,crystallinity,hydrophobicity and structures of MPs after aging(e.g.,ultraviolet treatment)were investigated.Results exhibited that the oxygen-containing functional groups of MPs surface increased after ultraviolet treatment and enhanced the adsorption capacity for SMX,except for PLA.PLA exhibits the highest adsorption capacity,primarily due to its higher hydrophobicity and larger pore size.In contrast,PBS shows the lowest adsorption affinity for SMX because of its hydrophilicity and small pore size.The adsorption capacity of degradable MPs after aging is greater than that of non-degradable MPs.Electrostatic interaction and hydrophobic interaction are the main mechanisms of adsorption of virgin MPs,while hydrogen bond interaction and electrostatic interaction are the primary adsorption mechanisms for aged MPs.These results contribute to understanding the co-transport and migration of SMX and MPs in the environment,and furnish the necessary data for their ecological risk assessment.
文摘Emerging contaminants,such as pharmaceuticals,pesticides,microplastics,and per-and polyfluoroalkyl substances(PFAS),pose significant environmental and health risks due to their persistence,bioaccumulative nature,and ecological toxicity.This mini-review examines their major sources,including industrial effluents,urban runoff,and landfill leachate,and highlights their detrimental impacts on aquatic biodiversity and human health.By synthesizing current research,the review emphasizes the urgent need for improved monitoring,regulatory interventions,and innovative mitigation strategies.It provides a concise overview to guide future research and inform policies aimed at safeguarding aquatic ecosystems and public health.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.T2421005,T2261129474,52039001,and 52270148).
文摘Persistent halogenated organic pollutants(HOPs)are globally concerned owing to their persistence,bioaccumulation,and potential toxicity to aquatic organisms.The trophic transfer of HOPs can affect their toxic effects on both humans and ecosystems.Previous studies mostly focused on HOPs biomagnification within specific regional or ecosystem contexts,however,the variation in trophicmagnification factors(TMFs)among different HOPs across a spectrum of diverse aquatic systems globally remains unclear.By collating literatures encompassing TMFs of polychlorinated biphenyls(PCBs),polybrominated diphenyl ethers(PBDEs),or perfluoroalkyl acids(PFAAs)along invertebrate–fish food webs on a global scale,our analysis revealed that Asia,North America,and Europe exhibited the highest pollution levels of HOPs.PCBs were found to have the highest trophicmagnification capability(TMF=3.14),followed by PBDEs(TMF=2.48)and PFAAs(TMF=1.97).TMF values and the probability of TMF exceeding 1 for PCB,PBDE and PFAA congeners showed a parabolic relationship with halogenation degree and carbon chain length.Specifically,PCBswith 6 chlorines,PBDEs with 5 bromines,and PFAAs with 12 carbons exhibited maximum trophic transfer capability and potential along food webs.Fractionation of PCBs and PFAAs was observed,with the proportions of higher chlorination degree and longer chain PFAAs increasing while the others decreased with trophic levels.Surprisingly,we also found a positive relationship between site latitude and TMF values of HOP congeners.This study provides a valuable basis for gauging ecological and health risks of HOPs,facilitating the development of robust standards for aquatic environment management.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(21804050)the National Key R and D Program of China(2018YFD0901003)+2 种基金the Science and Technology Planning Project of Xiamen,China(3502Z20183031)the Fujian Provincial Fund Project(2018J01432)the Xiamen Science and Technology Planning Project,China(3502Z20183031)。
文摘A ratiometric fluorescent probe for hypoxanthine(Hx)detection was established based on the mimic enzyme and fluorescence characteristics of cobalt-doped graphite-phase carbon nitride(Co doped g-C_(3)N_(4)).In addition to emitting strong fluorescence,the peroxidase activity of Co doped g-C_(3)N_(4)can catalyze the reaction of O-phenylenediamine and H_(2)O_(2)to produce diallyl phthalate which can emit yellow fluorescence at 570 nm.Through the decomposition of Hx by xanthine oxidase,Hx can be indirectly detected by the generating hydrogen peroxide based on the measurement of fluorescent ratio I(F_(570)/F_(370)).The linear range was 1.7-272.2 mg/kg(R^(2)=0.997),and the detection limit was 1.52 mg/kg(3σ/K,n=9).The established method was applied to Hx detection in bass,grass carp,and shrimp,and the data were verified by HPLC.The result shows that the established probe is sensitive,accurate,and reliable,and can be used for Hx detection in aquatic products.
文摘This study investigates the variations of microcystins(MCs)in water,cyanobacterial blooms,sediment,and aquatic organisms collected from the Dau Tieng Reservoir(DTR).Vietnam.Highperformance liquid chromatography(HPLC)was employed to measure MC concentrations in various target samples.Results indicate that Microcystis spp.dominates as the primary MC producer in the DTR.The average concentrations of analyzed MCs in surface water ranged from 1.10 to 5.54μg/L,temporally and spatially.In sediment,average concentrations varied from 0.15 to 1.13μg/g wet weight(WW)temporally and from 0.41 to 0.72μg/g WW spatially.MCs were detected in different organs of fish species(Oreochromis sp.and Labiobarbus sp.)and in the entire soft tissues of bivalve(Corbicula sp.)and gastropod(Assiminea sp.).The highest observed MC concentration in July was 0.83±0.22μg/g WW in the intestines of fish Oreochromis sp.The presence of MCs in grass shrimp Palaemonetes sp.was observed solely in June,reaching a concentration of 0.28±0.19μg/g WW.This is the first report of MC accumulation in the grass shrimp Palaemonetes sp.during field collection.For the bivalve Corbicula sp.,the presence of analyzed MCs was consistent throughout the study period,except for March and September,with the highest concentrations in July at 0.77±0.1μg/g WW.Pearson correlation analysis revealed significant positive correlations between MCs in water and sediment with MC concentrations in aquatic animals,indicating the potential transfer of MCs across different trophic levels.The estimated daily intake values for analyzed MCs indicate that fish collected from the DTR are considered safe for consumption,as long as only the edible organs,such as the muscle,are consumed.However,bivalves or gastropods collected from the DTR are not safe for human consumption.This study underscored the importance of monitoring MC accumulation in aquatic animals used as food to mitigate adverse effects on human health.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China,Grant/Award Number:42107503National Key Research and Development Program of China,Grant/Award Number:SQ2022YFC3200080。
文摘Safeguarding water resources,aquatic habitats,and ecosystems is paramount for the well-being of the populace,the future of the nation,and the sustainable development of China.With the relentless progression of ecological and environmental protection and the establishment of an ecological civilization,China's aquatic ecological environment protection has undergone five decades of exploration.The water environment protection paradigm has gradually transitioned from emphasizing pollutant emission concentration control and total pollutant emission control to prioritizing water environment quality improvement.Particularly in the past decade,regions nationwide have conducted proactive explorations and practices in source control,emission abatement,and quality enhancement.This paper systematically reviews the achievements in China's water environmental quality improvement and the characteristics of water environment management at various stages over the past half-century.Considering the deployment of“three waters”coordination(water resources,water environment,and water ecology),green development,pollution,carbon reduction,and so forth,this paper analyzes the challenges confronted by China's aquatic ecological environment protection.Finally,future directions are prospected from six aspects:green development,climate change response,water resource allocation optimization,collaborative governance of multiple pollutants,aquatic ecological protection strengthening,and intelligent management improvement.
基金Supported By The Russian Science Foundation Grant No.23-21-00115,https://rscf.ru/en/project/23-21-00115/.
文摘Multi-channel polarization optical technology is increasingly used for prompt monitoring of water systems.Optical devices during the assessment of water quality determine the intensity of light through the studied aquatic environment.Spectrophotometric devices measure the spectrum of weakening of light through the aquatic environment.Spectroellipsometric devices receive spectra in vertical and horizontal polarizations.The presented article develops an adaptive optical hardware and image system for monitoring water bodies.The system is combined.It consists of 2 parts:1)automated spectrophotometer-refractometer,and 2)adaptive spectroellipsometer.The system is equipped with a corresponding algorithmic and software,including algorithms for identifying spectral curves,databases and knowledge of spectral curves algorithms for solving reverse problems.The presented system is original since it differs from modern foreign systems by a new method of spectrophotometric and spectroellipsometric measurements,an original elemental base of polarization optics and a comprehensive mathematical approach to assessing the quality of a water body.There are no rotating polarization elements in the system.Therefore,this makes it possible to increase the signal-to-noise ratio and,as a result,improve measurement stability and simplify multichannel spectrophotometers and spectroellipsometers.The proposed system can be used in various water systems where it is necessary to assess water quality or identify the presence of a certain set of chemical elements.
文摘The increased consumption of azithromycin during the COVID-19 pandemic may have led to its presence in the waterways. This study aims to evaluate the effect of this situation on aquatic bacteria. Methodology: Over a four-month period following the official recognition of the COVID-19 outbreak in Yaoundé, water samples were collected from four rivers selected on the basis of their vicinity to care centers for COVID-19. Bacteria within azithromycin’s spectrum of activity were isolated, and the antibiotic’s efficacy was tested against the most frequently isolated species. The influence of COVID-19 incidence and other external factors was also assessed. Results: The most frequently isolated bacteria were Bacillus spp., Enterococcus spp., Listeria spp. and Staphylococcus epidermidis. These strains exhibited varying levels of sensitivity to azithromycin, ranging from 0% to 100%. The observed resistance rates were 12.5%, 14.29%, 16.67%, and 0%, respectively. Neither COVID-19 incidence, proximity to hospitals, nor rainfall significantly influenced bacterial resistance rates to azithromycin (P > 0.05). These resistance levels may be attributed to the relatively short exposure of bacteria to azithromycin at the sampled locations, as well as the impact of agricultural and livestock-related chemicals, such as biocides and antibiotics, present in the watershed. Conclusion: These results highlight the need to integrate into anti-COVID-19 activities, the monitoring of bacteria’s sensitivity in aquatic environments.
文摘One major problem that humanity has been confronting recently is water quality. Just 2.5 percent of the water resources on Earth are freshwater resources. Water is an indispensable resource for all living things, and it is a vital value. Pollution of limited freshwater resources causes further pressure on freshwater resources. Humans play a major role in the waste and pollution of this essential natural resource. This research project focused on the impacts of water pollution and its effects on agriculture, land and aquatic systems, a case study which was conducted in River Njoro, in Nakuru County. With the aid of questioners for information acquisition, the study determined different pollutants and their impact on agriculture. Results indicated that there is a dire need for conservation efforts in the area. Humanity should receive education awareness-capacity building regarding water contamination in order to mitigate the issues to some extent. By doing so, the world we live in becomes a better place for all.
文摘The present study conducted in the town of Ombessa aims to assess the influence of abiotic factors on the abundance dynamics and antibiotic susceptibility of Escherichia coli and Enterococcus faecalis isolated from some aquatic systems from February to July 2022, monthly samples were taken at 10 water points used by the population (8 groundwater points and 2 surface water points). Samples were analyzed for physico-chemical parameters such as temperature, pH, electrical conductivity. Bacteriological variables such as BHAM, E. coli and E. faecalis abundances were also assessed. Antibiotic susceptibility of E. coli and E. faecalis was assessed using 06 antibiotics using the Kirby-Bauer diffusion disk method. The results show that bacterial abundances were the highest in surface waters. Bacterial densities were the highest in May and the lowest in February. The average densities recorded were 3845 CFU/100mL for BHAM, 380 CFU/100mL for E. coli and 14 CFU/100mL for E. faecalis in groundwater;and 8583 CFU/100mL for BHAM, 6878 CFU/100mL for E. coli and 812 CFU/100mL for E. faecalis in surface water. Antibiotic susceptibility tests showed that these bacterial species are sensitive to Gentamicin, Chloramphenicol, Azithromycin and Ciprofloxacin. They are all resistant to Trimethoprim/Sulfamethoxazole, E. coli is resistant to Doxycycline and E. faecalis has an intermediate sensitivity to Gentamicin. Overall, the Multiresistance to Antibiotics (MRA) indices obtained were above 0.2, indicating the presence of multidrug resistance in bacterial communities. The physico-chemical properties of the water varied over time and space, but on the whole remained below the threshold values of WHO guidelines. The degree of linkage between abiotic water variables and bacteriological parameters has shown that bacterial densities are more abundant in rainy seasons and increased O2 levels favor bacterial growth, while TSS, CO2 and dissolved nitrate levels affect the sensitivity of these bacterial species to antibiotics.
文摘Maintaining beneficial, native plant structure and diversity while reducing invasive, nuisance species dominance is an important management domain for natural resource managers. One such vegetation component in North American lakes and reservoirs is submerged aquatic vegetation—a valuable aquatic resource which serves as productive habitat for fish, aquatic macroinvertebrates, and other wildlife. Reservoirs in the southern parts of the United States have experienced varying aquatic plant dominance dynamics due to historical water resource management actions, including drawdowns and introduction of herbivorous fish for the purpose of controlling invasive aquatic vegetation. Some of these management options have also been detrimental to native submerged aquatic vegetation. This paper explores an adaptive management research effort by installing herbivore-protected, fenced-pen submerged aquatic vegetation sites in a high-herbivore reservoir to determine effectiveness of protecting habitat and serving as founder colony sources for propagule spread. Four experimental sites with three management treatments each were planted with American eelgrass. Each site utilized one un-fenced treatment and two treatments with varying mesh sizes for protective fencing-pens. Site integrity, species survival and spread, and grazing were documented. One additional site was installed and planted with other native submerged aquatic vegetation species for nominal species performance descriptions. No plants survived unprotected in the high-herbivore system and plants, in general, performed consistently better within the smaller mesh size. These test planting results were ultimately used to inform adaptive management decision making for plant installation and expansion designs for managing reservoirs invested with Hydrilla, considered one of the most serious invasive aquatic plants in the United States.
基金Supported by the Social Development Project of Jiangsu Provincial Science and Technology Department(BK2010023)江苏省科技厅社会发展项目(BK2010023)资助
文摘[Objective] To study the purification effect of plant community on wetland water environment in Hongze Lake, and to provide references to the ecological restoration of this area. [Methed] The typical lakeside zone of Hongze Lake Wetland National Nature Reserve was taken as the study area. Through the field survey based on environmental characteristics of aquatic areas and non-aquatic areas, combined with laboratory test, the content changes of nutrients （N and P）, COD （chemical oxygen demand） and SD （transparency） levels in the water body of lake wetland were measured; the purification effect of the lake wetland ecosystem in the growth process of aquatic vegetation was quantitatively analyzed, and possible influ- encing factors were discussed. [Result] Aquatic vegetation could remove the TN, TP, COD, Chla in wetland water environment and had obvious effects on the changes of SD content. Competition between aquatic plants can inhibit the growth of algae and relieve the eutrophication of water body. [Conclusion] This study provided theoretical basis for ecological restoration and enhancement of self-purification capability in the lakeside zone of Hongze Lake.
基金Supported by Key Project of Chinese National Programs for Fundamental Research and Development(2008CB4182028)Key Project of Jiangsu Water Conservancy Science and Technology(2009029)~~
文摘[Objective] The aim was to study effects of aquatic plants on resuspen- sion of sediment in Lake Taihu. [Method] New resuspension simulator was used in the research. Elodea nuttalli, submerged plant, and Phragmites australis, emergent aquatic plant, were grown in substrate sludge with varied planting density set. Study of simulation experiment on the feature of sediment resuspension was carried on under shearing stress of 0.2-0.5 N/m2 and agitation of 1-30 min. [Result] Aquatic plant growing would effectively reduce seston concentration in water. Concentrations of final Suspended Particulate Matter （SPM） in experimental groups and control groups were as follows： water without plant〉coverage of 30% of Elodea nuttalli〉cov- erage of 60% of Elodea nuttalli〉Phragmites australis with concentration of 50 stock/m2〉 coverage of 90% of Elodea nuttalli〉Phragmites australis with concentration of 80 stock/m2〉Phragmites australis with concentration of 150 stock/m2; SPM concentration showed a tendency from increasing to stable with change of stirring time under dif- ferent shearing stresses： SPM concentration was of severe change at early stage in barrel without aquatic plant while change of SPM concentration in barrel with aquatic plant was quite mild and grew smaller with concentration increasing; SPM concentration was reduced much more if Phragmites australis planted compared with that of Elodea nuttalli; under different shearing stresses, reduction of SPM concen- tration by increase of Phragmites australis area was much more than by increase of Elodea nuttalli area. [Conclusion] It would provide powerful scientific reference for control on aquatic environment through comprehensive research on the feature of sediment resuspension.
文摘[Objective] The aim was to improve part of auto-control system of aquatic seedling breeding and to lay foundation for highly-efficient and stable use of the sys- tem. [Method] The executive and drive modules of the auto-control system were im- proved, after which real-time monitor, data display and alarm modules were tested on time. [Result] In the test, for the improved system, stability and sensitivity were enhanced; different components matched better; transmitting electric resistanc6 was reduced. [Conclusion] The research provides references for auto-control of water temperature and dissolved oxygen, and faults clearing in aquatic seedling breeding.
基金The National Natural Science Foundation of China(No50378014),the National High Technology Research and Develop-ment Program of China (863Program) (No2002AA601011)
文摘For purifying raw water for tap water treatment, the aquatic vegetable bed （AVB） experiment has been carded out in a hypertrophic waterfront of Taihu Lake, China. The average removal rates of total microcystin-RR and microcystin-LR are 63.0% and 66. 7%, respectively. Experiments indicate that lpomoea aquatica can absorb microcystin by using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA）, and the roots absorb more toxins than leaves and stems. Fluorescence in situ hybridization （FISH） is used to analyze the density of microcystin degrading bacteria in the AVB sediment. Two species of microcystin degrading bacteria are detected, which indicate that microcystin bio-degradation process happened in the AVB. Protozoa and metazoa are abundant in root spheres. Aspidisca sp., Vorticella sp., Philodina sp., and Lecane sp. are dominant species. The predation functions of protozoa and metazoa have a positive effect on the removal of cyanobacteria and microcystin.
基金supported by grants from DBT,DST,UGC-CAS,New Delhi,India
文摘Sleep has been studied widely in mammals and to some extent in other vertebrates. Higher vertebrates such as birds and mammals have evolved an inimitable rapid eye movement （REM） sleep state. During REM sleep, postural muscles become atonic and the temperature regulating machinery remains suspended. Although REM sleep is present in almost all the terrestrial mammals, the aquatic mammals have either radically reduced or completely eliminated REM sleep. Further, we found a significant negative correlation between REM sleep and the adaptation of the organism to live on land or in water. The amount of REM sleep is highest in terrestrial mammals, significantly reduced in semi-aquatic mammals and completely absent or negligible in aquatic mammals. The aquatic mammals are obligate swimmers and have to sur- face at regular intervals for air. Also, these animals live in thermally challenging environments, where the conductive heat loss is approximately -90 times greater than air. Therefore, they have to be moving most of the time. As an adaptation, they have evolved unihemispheric sleep, during which they can rove as well as rest. A condition that immobilizes muscle activity and suspends the thermoregulatory machinery, as happens during REM sleep, is not suitable for these animals. It is possible that, in accord with Darwin＇s theory, aquatic mammals might have abolished REM sleep with time. In this review, we discuss the possibility of the intrinsic role of aquatic conditions in the elimination of REM sleep in the aquatic mammals.
基金Supported by Science and Technology Plan Project of Fujian Province(2013Y0063)Xiamen South Ocean Research Centre Project(13GZP002NF08)~~
文摘[Objective] The aim of this study was to purify an antimicrobial protein from a biocontrol bacterium strain K2-1 and analyze its antimicrobial activity in vitro against some typical aquatic pathogens. [Method] The antimicrobial protein was ob- tained by using ammonium sulfate precipitation and Sephadex chromatography combined with hot water bath. The antimicrobial assay was conducted by means of agar diffusion technique, using Vibrio alginolyticus, Aeromonas hydrophila, Aeromonas. Sobria, Pseudomonas fluorescens, Vibrio Parahaemolyticus, Vibrio har- veyi and Vibrio anguillarum as test bacteria. [Result] Antimicrobial protein APK2 can be derived from fermentation broth of strain K2-1 and purified to the chromatogra- phy pure level by the methods provided, the final yield of the antimicrobial compo- nent is approximately 0.08%. This antimicrobial protein had a strong antimicrobial activity against the growth of most those bacteria. [Conclusion] The results show that APK2 could be a potential alternative to replace chemical antimicrobial agent in the control and prevention of aquatic diseases.
基金Supported by Special Fund for Constructing Innovation-oriented City(K1307028-31)Special Poverty Relief Program of Scientific Special Commissioners in Hunan Province~~
文摘This paper reviews the development of aquatic vegetable production and research in Hunan. The advantages of aquatic vegetable industry in Hunan are discussed in detail on its location, brand, market, planting and processing. And the development strategies of the above-mentioned industry are further analyzed in the paper, such as variety resources, breeding and industrialization.
