The nonlinearity of hedonic datasets demands flexible automated valuation models to appraise housing prices accurately,and artificial intelligence models have been employed in mass appraisal to this end.However,they h...The nonlinearity of hedonic datasets demands flexible automated valuation models to appraise housing prices accurately,and artificial intelligence models have been employed in mass appraisal to this end.However,they have been referred to as“blackbox”models owing to difficulties associated with interpretation.In this study,we compared the results of traditional hedonic pricing models with those of machine learning algorithms,e.g.,random forest and deep neural network models.Commonly implemented measures,e.g.,Gini importance and permutation importance,provide only the magnitude of each explanatory variable’s importance,which results in ambiguous interpretability.To address this issue,we employed the SHapley Additive exPlanation(SHAP)method and explored its effectiveness through comparisons with traditionally explainable measures in hedonic pricing models.The results demonstrated that(1)the random forest model with the SHAP method could be a reliable instrument for appraising housing prices with high accuracy and sufficient interpretability,(2)the interpretable results retrieved from the SHAP method can be consolidated by the support of statistical evidence,and(3)housing characteristics and local amenities are primary contributors in property valuation,which is consistent with the findings of previous studies.Thus,our novel methodological framework and robust findings provide informative insights into the use of machine learning methods in property valuation based on the comparative analysis.展开更多
Objective:Through retrospective analysis of a case of occupational noise-induced hearing loss(NIHL)diagnosis and two-grade appraisal,this study explores the causes of inconsistency between diagnosis and appraisal conc...Objective:Through retrospective analysis of a case of occupational noise-induced hearing loss(NIHL)diagnosis and two-grade appraisal,this study explores the causes of inconsistency between diagnosis and appraisal conclusions,aiming to improve occupational health management.Methods:Data including occupational history,workplace noise exposure levels,pure-tone audiometry(PTA),and objective audiological tests were collected and analyzed.Results:Both municipal and provincial appraisals contradicted the initial diagnostic conclusion of“moderate occupational NIHL”.Conclusion:The diagnosis of occupational NIHL requires multidisciplinary expertise and is influenced by subjective factors.Appraisal institutions should adopt evidence-based approaches,integrate objective tests with PTA results,and comprehensively evaluate occupational exposure history to ensure scientific and impartial conclusions.展开更多
Objective To develop a quality appraisal tool for case reports in traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)based on their characteristics.Methods An extensive literature search was conducted in Chinese Biomedical Literature D...Objective To develop a quality appraisal tool for case reports in traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)based on their characteristics.Methods An extensive literature search was conducted in Chinese Biomedical Literature Database(CBM),China National Knowledge Infrastructure(CNKI),and China Science and Technology Journal Database(CSTJ),focusing on expert consensus statements and check-lists for TCM case reports.Relevant items were extracted,and a Delphi method involving 34 experts was used in two rounds to rate each item on a 5-point Likert scale.Items were screened based on measures of central tendency and coordination(including total score,mean score,percentage of items rated as unimportant,and coefficient of variation).The weighted average method was used to determine item weights and construct the appraisal tool.Internal consistency was assessed using Cronbach’sαcoefficient.The finalized tool was pilot-tested by two reviewers independently appraising 20 case reports,with an additional four reviewers evaluating 5 of these cases to compare inter-rater consistency.Results A total of 9513 articles were retrieved,and 96 items from 25 articles were extracted.After two rounds of the Delphi method,27 items across 10 domains were retained.The Cron-bach’sαcoefficient was 0.72 in the first round(acceptable range),and 0.96 in the second round,indicating strong internal consistency.The tool was piloted by six reviewers,achieving a kappa value of 0.663 and a Kendall’s coefficient of concordance of 0.845,demonstrating high consistency among reviewers.Conclusion The developed TCM case report quality appraisal tool,consisting of 27 items in 10 domains,offers a scientific and reliable means of assessing the quality of TCM case reports.The tool showed high consistency and practical utility,and its application is expected to en-hance the standardization,scientific rigor,and evidence quality of TCM case reports,facilitat-ing the integration of traditional medical knowledge with modern evidence-based standards.展开更多
Public institutions constitute a vital component of China’s public service system,playing a significant functional role in the nation’s social development and construction.Human resource(HR)management is a vital com...Public institutions constitute a vital component of China’s public service system,playing a significant functional role in the nation’s social development and construction.Human resource(HR)management is a vital component of internal administration within these institutions.The integration of performance appraisal is crucial for enhancing the effectiveness of HR management and facilitating the smooth operation of all institutional functions.Based on this premise,this article first briefly outlines the value of applying performance appraisal in the HR management of public institutions.It then explores strategies for implementing performance appraisal within this context,aiming to provide insights for promoting the sustained and healthy development of public institutions.展开更多
[Objective] The aim was to study wheat salt resistance appraisal indicators under the condition of saline water irrigation.[Method] A trial was conducted with five varieties irrigated with saline water at 1,2,4,6,and ...[Objective] The aim was to study wheat salt resistance appraisal indicators under the condition of saline water irrigation.[Method] A trial was conducted with five varieties irrigated with saline water at 1,2,4,6,and 8 g/L during 2009-2010 and 2010-2011 in the research station of Dry-land Farming Institute of Hebei Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences.With standardized indicators for measuring treatment,the response relations among different salt stress levels and winter wheat growth index were analyzed in this study.[Result] Under the condition of different salinity of irrigation,relative plant height after jointing stage,relative leaf area index,relative dry matter weight,relative ear number per unit area showed significant differences among treatments and yield showed significant correlation,which can be taken as salt-resistance examination index of wheat.[Conclusion] The results showed that the relative height after jointing stage was recommended as the most practical salt-tolerance appraisal indices,because it was easy to be observed and sensitive to salt stress.展开更多
Interpersonal function is one of the three metafunctions of language. This paper investigates the interpersonal meanings in Chinese cosmetic advertising discourse from mood, modality and appraise the three aspects. Ba...Interpersonal function is one of the three metafunctions of language. This paper investigates the interpersonal meanings in Chinese cosmetic advertising discourse from mood, modality and appraise the three aspects. Based on an exploratory study of data of six typical Chinese cosmetic advertising discourses, the paper claims that the distribution of mood and modality has close link with the interpersonal meaning in advertising. The Functional Grammar and Appraisal System help to reveal the interpersonal meanings of the discourse concerned.展开更多
The study was conducted to evaluate 12 traits of 15 hybrid maize culti- vars using multi-factor comprehensive appraisal. The results showed that Xianyu 335, ND8 and ND2 were better than other cultivars in these agrono...The study was conducted to evaluate 12 traits of 15 hybrid maize culti- vars using multi-factor comprehensive appraisal. The results showed that Xianyu 335, ND8 and ND2 were better than other cultivars in these agronomic traits. Multi- factor comprehensive appraisal with simple computing, comprehensive and reason- able results is suitable to be used for evaluating the performance of hybrid maize cultivars in field.展开更多
In many cases, seismic appraisal of existing structures is carried out by the two step method and seismic strengthening of R.C. frame structures is solved just based on rough calculation or experience of designers, wh...In many cases, seismic appraisal of existing structures is carried out by the two step method and seismic strengthening of R.C. frame structures is solved just based on rough calculation or experience of designers, which may lead to either lack of safety or too conservative in design. According to some related criteria and experts experience, a computer program is developed specially for seismic appraisal and seismic strengthening of R.C. frames (not more than 10 storeys) in this paper. Because the progra...展开更多
In the past several decades,the cognitive skills in language learning have been put more attention to than emo-tions.While it should be noted that language learning often involves strong positive or negative emotions....In the past several decades,the cognitive skills in language learning have been put more attention to than emo-tions.While it should be noted that language learning often involves strong positive or negative emotions.Lack of positive emotionin language learning will lead to severe discount of the cognitive competence.This article is intended to discuss the influence ofemotion,especially self-esteem,on motivation in language learning from Schumann’s neurobiological perspective,and the implica-tion of self-esteem for language teaching—how to enhance learners’self-esteem,to promote their motivation,hence to guidethem to step into their next zone of proximal development in both academic performance and social skills and become whole per-sons responsible for our society.展开更多
Based on social linguistics and semiotics,sociosemiotics is a renewed perspective to clarify meaning and function of certain signs in a specified social situation and identify correspondence in another culture through...Based on social linguistics and semiotics,sociosemiotics is a renewed perspective to clarify meaning and function of certain signs in a specified social situation and identify correspondence in another culture through the creation and interpretation of texts as "encoding" and "decoding".This study attempts to make a comparative analysis of the similarities and dissimilarities of the realization of the sentimental resources of the ancient poem "The River-Merchant's Wife:A Letter" and its English version,from the perspective of sociosemiotics and Appraisal Theory from systemic functional linguistics.展开更多
"The River-Merchant's Wife:A Letter",written by the great poet Li Bai,is the most prestigious version among the translations of Chinese ancient poetry by Ezra Pound and has been accepted as one of the cl..."The River-Merchant's Wife:A Letter",written by the great poet Li Bai,is the most prestigious version among the translations of Chinese ancient poetry by Ezra Pound and has been accepted as one of the classics of American literature.The poem exquisitely expresses the changes of the wife's mind at different phases.Martin and Rose's Appraisal Theory provides us with a theoretical framework for the analysis of the different realizations of the sentimental resources of the poem in the original and its English version.展开更多
Based on the interpersonal function in Halliday’s systemic functional grammar,"Miranda Warnings",the typical English Police Caution,is analyzed from the aspects of Mood system,Modality system and Appraisal ...Based on the interpersonal function in Halliday’s systemic functional grammar,"Miranda Warnings",the typical English Police Caution,is analyzed from the aspects of Mood system,Modality system and Appraisal system,with the aim of exploring its interpersonal meanings.Results show that:first,the declarative mood and interrogative mood used in the police caution protect the legitimate rights of the interrogated;second,the widely use of Low value modal verbs demonstrates a more humane and democratic legislation principle;and third,the absence of Affect resources and the frequent application of Capacity resources narrow the interpersonal distance between policeman and the interrogated,reflecting the transformation in policeman’s interrogation practices.展开更多
Appraisal is a major kind of discourse semantic resources construing interpersonal meaning, which includes three subsystems: attitude, engagement and graduation. Engagement resources are linguistic resources of inter-...Appraisal is a major kind of discourse semantic resources construing interpersonal meaning, which includes three subsystems: attitude, engagement and graduation. Engagement resources are linguistic resources of inter- subjective positioning,through which writers or speakers open up or close down dialogic space for putative reader and try to align or disalign readers on the ground of solidarity. This study applies engagement system to analyze political commentaries. It focuses on the denial resources in detail. In political commentaries, by using denial resources, the commentator invokes, and then directly rejects different opinions or beliefs the putative readers may have. Through strategy of dialogic resources, commentators try to make up for disalignments caused by denial and form the grounds for solidarity.展开更多
基金supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea grant funded by the Korea government(MSIT)(RS-2025-16067531:Kwangwon Ahn)Hankuk University of Foreign Studies Research Fund(0f 2025:Sihyun An).
文摘The nonlinearity of hedonic datasets demands flexible automated valuation models to appraise housing prices accurately,and artificial intelligence models have been employed in mass appraisal to this end.However,they have been referred to as“blackbox”models owing to difficulties associated with interpretation.In this study,we compared the results of traditional hedonic pricing models with those of machine learning algorithms,e.g.,random forest and deep neural network models.Commonly implemented measures,e.g.,Gini importance and permutation importance,provide only the magnitude of each explanatory variable’s importance,which results in ambiguous interpretability.To address this issue,we employed the SHapley Additive exPlanation(SHAP)method and explored its effectiveness through comparisons with traditionally explainable measures in hedonic pricing models.The results demonstrated that(1)the random forest model with the SHAP method could be a reliable instrument for appraising housing prices with high accuracy and sufficient interpretability,(2)the interpretable results retrieved from the SHAP method can be consolidated by the support of statistical evidence,and(3)housing characteristics and local amenities are primary contributors in property valuation,which is consistent with the findings of previous studies.Thus,our novel methodological framework and robust findings provide informative insights into the use of machine learning methods in property valuation based on the comparative analysis.
文摘Objective:Through retrospective analysis of a case of occupational noise-induced hearing loss(NIHL)diagnosis and two-grade appraisal,this study explores the causes of inconsistency between diagnosis and appraisal conclusions,aiming to improve occupational health management.Methods:Data including occupational history,workplace noise exposure levels,pure-tone audiometry(PTA),and objective audiological tests were collected and analyzed.Results:Both municipal and provincial appraisals contradicted the initial diagnostic conclusion of“moderate occupational NIHL”.Conclusion:The diagnosis of occupational NIHL requires multidisciplinary expertise and is influenced by subjective factors.Appraisal institutions should adopt evidence-based approaches,integrate objective tests with PTA results,and comprehensively evaluate occupational exposure history to ensure scientific and impartial conclusions.
基金General Program of National Natural Science Foundation of China (82274412)Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province (2020JJ4062)Science and Technology Innovation Program of Hunan Province (2020RC2061)。
文摘Objective To develop a quality appraisal tool for case reports in traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)based on their characteristics.Methods An extensive literature search was conducted in Chinese Biomedical Literature Database(CBM),China National Knowledge Infrastructure(CNKI),and China Science and Technology Journal Database(CSTJ),focusing on expert consensus statements and check-lists for TCM case reports.Relevant items were extracted,and a Delphi method involving 34 experts was used in two rounds to rate each item on a 5-point Likert scale.Items were screened based on measures of central tendency and coordination(including total score,mean score,percentage of items rated as unimportant,and coefficient of variation).The weighted average method was used to determine item weights and construct the appraisal tool.Internal consistency was assessed using Cronbach’sαcoefficient.The finalized tool was pilot-tested by two reviewers independently appraising 20 case reports,with an additional four reviewers evaluating 5 of these cases to compare inter-rater consistency.Results A total of 9513 articles were retrieved,and 96 items from 25 articles were extracted.After two rounds of the Delphi method,27 items across 10 domains were retained.The Cron-bach’sαcoefficient was 0.72 in the first round(acceptable range),and 0.96 in the second round,indicating strong internal consistency.The tool was piloted by six reviewers,achieving a kappa value of 0.663 and a Kendall’s coefficient of concordance of 0.845,demonstrating high consistency among reviewers.Conclusion The developed TCM case report quality appraisal tool,consisting of 27 items in 10 domains,offers a scientific and reliable means of assessing the quality of TCM case reports.The tool showed high consistency and practical utility,and its application is expected to en-hance the standardization,scientific rigor,and evidence quality of TCM case reports,facilitat-ing the integration of traditional medical knowledge with modern evidence-based standards.
文摘Public institutions constitute a vital component of China’s public service system,playing a significant functional role in the nation’s social development and construction.Human resource(HR)management is a vital component of internal administration within these institutions.The integration of performance appraisal is crucial for enhancing the effectiveness of HR management and facilitating the smooth operation of all institutional functions.Based on this premise,this article first briefly outlines the value of applying performance appraisal in the HR management of public institutions.It then explores strategies for implementing performance appraisal within this context,aiming to provide insights for promoting the sustained and healthy development of public institutions.
基金Bohai Granary Technology Demonstration Project (2013BAD05B0203)Medium and Low-yield Farmland Improvement Science and Technology Project (2012BAD05B0205)~~
文摘[Objective] The aim was to study wheat salt resistance appraisal indicators under the condition of saline water irrigation.[Method] A trial was conducted with five varieties irrigated with saline water at 1,2,4,6,and 8 g/L during 2009-2010 and 2010-2011 in the research station of Dry-land Farming Institute of Hebei Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences.With standardized indicators for measuring treatment,the response relations among different salt stress levels and winter wheat growth index were analyzed in this study.[Result] Under the condition of different salinity of irrigation,relative plant height after jointing stage,relative leaf area index,relative dry matter weight,relative ear number per unit area showed significant differences among treatments and yield showed significant correlation,which can be taken as salt-resistance examination index of wheat.[Conclusion] The results showed that the relative height after jointing stage was recommended as the most practical salt-tolerance appraisal indices,because it was easy to be observed and sensitive to salt stress.
文摘Interpersonal function is one of the three metafunctions of language. This paper investigates the interpersonal meanings in Chinese cosmetic advertising discourse from mood, modality and appraise the three aspects. Based on an exploratory study of data of six typical Chinese cosmetic advertising discourses, the paper claims that the distribution of mood and modality has close link with the interpersonal meaning in advertising. The Functional Grammar and Appraisal System help to reveal the interpersonal meanings of the discourse concerned.
基金Supported by the Fund of Development and Industrialization of New Maize Cultivar 702(131100110100)~~
文摘The study was conducted to evaluate 12 traits of 15 hybrid maize culti- vars using multi-factor comprehensive appraisal. The results showed that Xianyu 335, ND8 and ND2 were better than other cultivars in these agronomic traits. Multi- factor comprehensive appraisal with simple computing, comprehensive and reason- able results is suitable to be used for evaluating the performance of hybrid maize cultivars in field.
文摘In many cases, seismic appraisal of existing structures is carried out by the two step method and seismic strengthening of R.C. frame structures is solved just based on rough calculation or experience of designers, which may lead to either lack of safety or too conservative in design. According to some related criteria and experts experience, a computer program is developed specially for seismic appraisal and seismic strengthening of R.C. frames (not more than 10 storeys) in this paper. Because the progra...
文摘In the past several decades,the cognitive skills in language learning have been put more attention to than emo-tions.While it should be noted that language learning often involves strong positive or negative emotions.Lack of positive emotionin language learning will lead to severe discount of the cognitive competence.This article is intended to discuss the influence ofemotion,especially self-esteem,on motivation in language learning from Schumann’s neurobiological perspective,and the implica-tion of self-esteem for language teaching—how to enhance learners’self-esteem,to promote their motivation,hence to guidethem to step into their next zone of proximal development in both academic performance and social skills and become whole per-sons responsible for our society.
文摘Based on social linguistics and semiotics,sociosemiotics is a renewed perspective to clarify meaning and function of certain signs in a specified social situation and identify correspondence in another culture through the creation and interpretation of texts as "encoding" and "decoding".This study attempts to make a comparative analysis of the similarities and dissimilarities of the realization of the sentimental resources of the ancient poem "The River-Merchant's Wife:A Letter" and its English version,from the perspective of sociosemiotics and Appraisal Theory from systemic functional linguistics.
文摘"The River-Merchant's Wife:A Letter",written by the great poet Li Bai,is the most prestigious version among the translations of Chinese ancient poetry by Ezra Pound and has been accepted as one of the classics of American literature.The poem exquisitely expresses the changes of the wife's mind at different phases.Martin and Rose's Appraisal Theory provides us with a theoretical framework for the analysis of the different realizations of the sentimental resources of the poem in the original and its English version.
文摘Based on the interpersonal function in Halliday’s systemic functional grammar,"Miranda Warnings",the typical English Police Caution,is analyzed from the aspects of Mood system,Modality system and Appraisal system,with the aim of exploring its interpersonal meanings.Results show that:first,the declarative mood and interrogative mood used in the police caution protect the legitimate rights of the interrogated;second,the widely use of Low value modal verbs demonstrates a more humane and democratic legislation principle;and third,the absence of Affect resources and the frequent application of Capacity resources narrow the interpersonal distance between policeman and the interrogated,reflecting the transformation in policeman’s interrogation practices.
文摘Appraisal is a major kind of discourse semantic resources construing interpersonal meaning, which includes three subsystems: attitude, engagement and graduation. Engagement resources are linguistic resources of inter- subjective positioning,through which writers or speakers open up or close down dialogic space for putative reader and try to align or disalign readers on the ground of solidarity. This study applies engagement system to analyze political commentaries. It focuses on the denial resources in detail. In political commentaries, by using denial resources, the commentator invokes, and then directly rejects different opinions or beliefs the putative readers may have. Through strategy of dialogic resources, commentators try to make up for disalignments caused by denial and form the grounds for solidarity.
