Understanding the properties of warm dense hydrogen is of key importance for the modeling of compact astrophysical objects and to understand and further optimize inertial confinement fusion applications.The workhorse ...Understanding the properties of warm dense hydrogen is of key importance for the modeling of compact astrophysical objects and to understand and further optimize inertial confinement fusion applications.The workhorse of warm dense matter theory is thermal density functional theory(DFT),which,however,suffers from two limitations:(i)its accuracy can depend on the utilized exchange-correlation functional,which has to be approximated,and(ii)it is generally limited to single-electron properties such as the density distribution.Here,we present a new ansatz combining time-dependent DFT results for the dynamic structure factor S_(ee)(q,ω)with static DFT results for the density response.This allows us to estimate the electron-electron static structure factor S_(ee)(q)of warm dense hydrogen with high accuracy over a broad range of densities and temperatures.In addition to its value for the study of warm dense matter,our work opens up new avenues for the future study of electronic correlations exclusively within the framework of DFT for a host of applications.展开更多
In 2023,Nobel Prize in Physiology/Medicine awarded the mRNA vaccine technology.The synthetic vaccine prepared by encapsu-lating the modified mRNA within cationic lipid nanocarriers signif-icantly reduces the risk of d...In 2023,Nobel Prize in Physiology/Medicine awarded the mRNA vaccine technology.The synthetic vaccine prepared by encapsu-lating the modified mRNA within cationic lipid nanocarriers signif-icantly reduces the risk of death from coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19).In 2024,Kavli Prize recognizes the pioneering work of integrating engineered nanocarriers with biological functions for biomedical applications.The development of nanomedicine has changed the ways we approach the fundamental understand-ing,diagnosis,treatment,and prevention of diseases.These suc-cessful cases brought great excitement to the field of nanomedicine;however,many challenges still remain.In particular,it is critical to optimize nanocarriers to improve delivery effi-ciency and selectivity as well as reduce toxic side effects.展开更多
By using a first-principles approach,monolayer PbI_(2)is found to have great potential in thermoelectric applications.The linear Boltzmann transport equation is applied to obtain the perturbation to the electron distr...By using a first-principles approach,monolayer PbI_(2)is found to have great potential in thermoelectric applications.The linear Boltzmann transport equation is applied to obtain the perturbation to the electron distribution by different scattering mechanisms.The mobility is mainly limited by the deformation-potential interaction with long-wavelength acoustic vibrations at low carrier concentrations.At high concentrations,ionized impurity scattering becomes stronger.The electrical conductivity and Seebeck coefficient are calculated accurately over various ranges of temperature and carrier concentration.The lattice thermal conductivity of PbI_(2),0.065 W m^(−1)K^(−1)at 300 K,is the lowest among other 2D thermoelectric materials.Such ultralow thermal conductivity is attributed to large atomic mass,weak interatomic bonding,strong anharmonicity,and localized vibrations in which the vast majority of heat is trapped.These electrical and phonon transport properties enable a high thermoelectric figure of merit over 1 for both p-type and n-type doping from 300 K to 900 K.A maximum zT of 4.9 is achieved at 900 K with an electron concentration of 1.9×10^(12)cm^(−2).Our work shows exceptionally good thermoelectric energy conversion efficiency in monolayer PbI_(2),which can be integrated to the existing photovoltaic devices.展开更多
Liquid lens offers a novel approach to achieving large depth of field,wide viewing angle,high speed,and high-quality imaging in zoom optical systems.However,the aperture and reliability limit the lens’s performance i...Liquid lens offers a novel approach to achieving large depth of field,wide viewing angle,high speed,and high-quality imaging in zoom optical systems.However,the aperture and reliability limit the lens’s performance in various optical applications.The liquid material is crucial for the reliability of the large-aperture liquid lens.To solve the dielectric failure problem associated with the large aperture,we first reveal the mechanism of dielectric failure based on the transport properties of electrolyte solutions and the impact of electrochemical reaction rates from physical chemistry so as to propose a theoretical method to suppress dielectric failure fundamentally.Based on this theory,we develop a series of non-aqueous organic solutions to suppress high-voltage dielectric failure.Next,we identify the optimal formulation for comprehensive optical performance and fabricate a centimeter-level large-aperture electrowetting liquid lens.This lens features an optical power variation range of−11.98m^(−1) to 12.93m^(−1),with clear and high-quality imaging function,which can enlarge the field of view and depth adjustment range of holographic reconstructions while maintaining excellent edge clarity of the reconstructed images.The proposed centimeter-level large-aperture non-aqueous electrowetting liquid lens effectively suppresses dielectric failure under high voltage,demonstrates excellent optical performance,and holds exciting potential for applications in 3D display,precision measurement,biomedical observation,and more.展开更多
基金partially supported by the Center for Advanced Systems Understanding (CASUS), financed by Germany’s Federal Ministry of Education and Research and the Saxon State Government out of the State Budget approved by the Saxon State Parliamentthe European Union’s Just Transition Fund (JTF) within the project Röntgenlaser Optimierung der Laserfusion (ROLF), Contract No. 5086999001, co-financed by the Saxon State Government out of the State Budget approved by the Saxon State Parliament+3 种基金the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union’s Horizon 2022 Research and Innovation Programme (Grant Agreement No. 101076233, “PREXTREME”)Computations were performed on a Bull Cluster at the Center for Information Services and High-Performance Computing (ZIH) at Technische Universität Dresden and at the Norddeutscher Verbund für Hoch- und Höchstleistungsrechnen (HLRN) under Grant No. mvp00024support by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No. 12274171support by the Advanced Materials–National Science and Technology Major Project (Grant No. 2024ZD0606900)
文摘Understanding the properties of warm dense hydrogen is of key importance for the modeling of compact astrophysical objects and to understand and further optimize inertial confinement fusion applications.The workhorse of warm dense matter theory is thermal density functional theory(DFT),which,however,suffers from two limitations:(i)its accuracy can depend on the utilized exchange-correlation functional,which has to be approximated,and(ii)it is generally limited to single-electron properties such as the density distribution.Here,we present a new ansatz combining time-dependent DFT results for the dynamic structure factor S_(ee)(q,ω)with static DFT results for the density response.This allows us to estimate the electron-electron static structure factor S_(ee)(q)of warm dense hydrogen with high accuracy over a broad range of densities and temperatures.In addition to its value for the study of warm dense matter,our work opens up new avenues for the future study of electronic correlations exclusively within the framework of DFT for a host of applications.
文摘In 2023,Nobel Prize in Physiology/Medicine awarded the mRNA vaccine technology.The synthetic vaccine prepared by encapsu-lating the modified mRNA within cationic lipid nanocarriers signif-icantly reduces the risk of death from coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19).In 2024,Kavli Prize recognizes the pioneering work of integrating engineered nanocarriers with biological functions for biomedical applications.The development of nanomedicine has changed the ways we approach the fundamental understand-ing,diagnosis,treatment,and prevention of diseases.These suc-cessful cases brought great excitement to the field of nanomedicine;however,many challenges still remain.In particular,it is critical to optimize nanocarriers to improve delivery effi-ciency and selectivity as well as reduce toxic side effects.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(2017YFA0303403)the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grants No.11374063 and 11404348+1 种基金the National Basic Research Program of China(973 Program)under Grant No.2013CBA01505.supported by the U.S.Department of Energy,Office of Basic Energy Science,Division of Materials Science and Engineering(Ames Laboratory is operated for the U.S.Department of Energy by Iowa State University under Contract No.DE-AC02-07CH11358)The European Research Council under ERC Advanced Grant No.320081(PHOTOMETA)supports the work at FORTH.
文摘By using a first-principles approach,monolayer PbI_(2)is found to have great potential in thermoelectric applications.The linear Boltzmann transport equation is applied to obtain the perturbation to the electron distribution by different scattering mechanisms.The mobility is mainly limited by the deformation-potential interaction with long-wavelength acoustic vibrations at low carrier concentrations.At high concentrations,ionized impurity scattering becomes stronger.The electrical conductivity and Seebeck coefficient are calculated accurately over various ranges of temperature and carrier concentration.The lattice thermal conductivity of PbI_(2),0.065 W m^(−1)K^(−1)at 300 K,is the lowest among other 2D thermoelectric materials.Such ultralow thermal conductivity is attributed to large atomic mass,weak interatomic bonding,strong anharmonicity,and localized vibrations in which the vast majority of heat is trapped.These electrical and phonon transport properties enable a high thermoelectric figure of merit over 1 for both p-type and n-type doping from 300 K to 900 K.A maximum zT of 4.9 is achieved at 900 K with an electron concentration of 1.9×10^(12)cm^(−2).Our work shows exceptionally good thermoelectric energy conversion efficiency in monolayer PbI_(2),which can be integrated to the existing photovoltaic devices.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No.U23A20368,62175006,and 62275009.
文摘Liquid lens offers a novel approach to achieving large depth of field,wide viewing angle,high speed,and high-quality imaging in zoom optical systems.However,the aperture and reliability limit the lens’s performance in various optical applications.The liquid material is crucial for the reliability of the large-aperture liquid lens.To solve the dielectric failure problem associated with the large aperture,we first reveal the mechanism of dielectric failure based on the transport properties of electrolyte solutions and the impact of electrochemical reaction rates from physical chemistry so as to propose a theoretical method to suppress dielectric failure fundamentally.Based on this theory,we develop a series of non-aqueous organic solutions to suppress high-voltage dielectric failure.Next,we identify the optimal formulation for comprehensive optical performance and fabricate a centimeter-level large-aperture electrowetting liquid lens.This lens features an optical power variation range of−11.98m^(−1) to 12.93m^(−1),with clear and high-quality imaging function,which can enlarge the field of view and depth adjustment range of holographic reconstructions while maintaining excellent edge clarity of the reconstructed images.The proposed centimeter-level large-aperture non-aqueous electrowetting liquid lens effectively suppresses dielectric failure under high voltage,demonstrates excellent optical performance,and holds exciting potential for applications in 3D display,precision measurement,biomedical observation,and more.
