Two-dimensional(2D)fully compensated collinear magnetic materials ofer signifcant advantages for spintronic applications,including robustness against magnetic feld perturbations,no stray felds,and ultrafast dynamics.A...Two-dimensional(2D)fully compensated collinear magnetic materials ofer signifcant advantages for spintronic applications,including robustness against magnetic feld perturbations,no stray felds,and ultrafast dynamics.Among these materials,fully compensated ferrimagnets are particularly promising due to their unique characteristics such as the magneto-optical efect,completely spin-polarized currents,and the anomalous Hall efect.We performed a structural search on 2D unconventional stoichiometric Cr-I crystals using a global optimization algorithm.The most stable CrI-P21/m monolayer is a fully compensated ferrimagnetic semiconductor with a band gap of 1.57 eV and a high magnetic transition temperature of 592 K.The spontaneous spin splitting in CrI-P21/m originates from the inequivalent local coordination environments of Cr^(1)and Cr^(2)ions,yielding a mismatch in their 3d orbitals splitting.Notably,carrier doping at a concentration of 0.01 electrons or holes per atom enables reversible spin polarization,generating a fully spin-polarized current in CrI-P21/m.This performance makes it a highly promising candidate for spintronic devices.Our fndings not only provide a structural paradigm for discovering fully compensated ferrimagnets but also open a new avenue for designing zero-moment magnetic materials with intrinsic spin splitting.展开更多
Surface-enhanced Raman scattering(SERS)has emerged as a powerful tool in various biomedical applications,including in vivo imaging,diagnostics,and therapy,largely due to the development of near-infrared(NIR)active SER...Surface-enhanced Raman scattering(SERS)has emerged as a powerful tool in various biomedical applications,including in vivo imaging,diagnostics,and therapy,largely due to the development of near-infrared(NIR)active SERS substrates.This review provides a comprehensive overview of SERS-based applications in vivo,focusing on key aspects such as the design considerations for SERS nanoprobes and advancements in instrumentation.Topics covered include the development of NIR SERS substrates,Raman label compounds(RLCs),protective coatings,and the conjugation of bioligands for targeted imaging and therapy.The review also discusses microscope-based configurations such as scanning,widefield imaging,and fiber-optic setups.Recent advances in using SERS nanoprobes for in vivo sensing,diagnostics,biomolecule screening,multiplex imaging,intraoperative guidance,and multifunctional cancer therapy are highlighted.The review concludes by addressing challenges in the clinical translation of SERS nanoprobes and outlines future directions,emphasizing opportunities for advancing biomedical research and clinical applications.展开更多
Moirémeta-devices facilitate continuous and precise modulation of optical properties through the alteration of the relative alignment,such as twisting,sliding,or rotating of the metasurfaces.This capability rende...Moirémeta-devices facilitate continuous and precise modulation of optical properties through the alteration of the relative alignment,such as twisting,sliding,or rotating of the metasurfaces.This capability renders them particularly suitable for dynamic applications,including zoom optics and adaptive imaging systems.Nevertheless,such designs often sacrifice more complex functionalities,such as polarization manipulation,in favor of simplicity and tunability.Here,we propose and experimentally validate a design strategy for a twisted bilayer metasurface that exhibits both varifocal capabilities and polarization filtering properties.By selecting silicon pillars with polarization-maintaining properties for Layer Ⅰ and polarization-converting properties for Layer Ⅱ,the designed Moirémetasurface can become sensitive to specific polarization states.Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed design can generate on-demand terahertz(THz)focused beams,achieving an average focusing efficiency exceeding 35%under x-linearly polarized(x-LP)illumination.This is accomplished by systematically varying the twisting angles p and q of Layer Ⅰ in relation to Layer Ⅱ in increments of 30°.Additionally,we provide numerical evidence that the focal length of the transmitted vortex beam can be adjusted using the same approach.The Moirémeta-device platform,which is engineered to modulate optical properties via mechanical twisting,obviates the necessity for external power sources or active materials.This generalized design strategy has the potential to significantly expedite the commercialization of multifunctional metasurfaces,which can produce high-precision optics across various practical applications.展开更多
Biopolymer core-shell microspheres play a crucial role in various biomedical applications,including drug delivery,tissue engineering,and diagnostics.These applications require microparticles with consistent,well-contr...Biopolymer core-shell microspheres play a crucial role in various biomedical applications,including drug delivery,tissue engineering,and diagnostics.These applications require microparticles with consistent,well-controlled size and precise shape fidelity.However,achieving high-throughput synthesis of size and shape-controlled core-shell biopolymer microgels remains a significant challenge.Herein,we present a one-step process for the high-throughput generation of monodisperse,luminescent,chitosan alginate core-shell microspheres by a novel manipulation of a centrifugal microfluidic device.We utilized the pH sensitivity of chitosan and the ionic gelation properties of alginate to create well-defined core-shell morphologies.To address particle merging issues and promote uniform particle size generation,we introduced an innovative pulsed mode operation in our centrifugal microfluidics device.We also incorporated fluorescent,nitrogen-functionalized graphene quantum dots into the core-shell structures,thereby rendering them useful for real-time imaging,which is necessary for diagnostic and therapeutic applications.To enhance biocompatibility,the alginate solution was supplemented with fish gelatin(FG).The resulting microspheres exhibited excellent structural integrity maintaining their core-shell structure after 15 days.Biocompatibility was demonstrated by C2C12 cell viability exceeding 88%after 15 days and by bacterial viability reaching the same percentage after 2 days.The system demonstrates considerable scalability,allowing for the consistent production of large quantities of microspheres without compromising functionality.The streamlined and efficient methodology simplifies the production process while unlocking new possibilities in targeted therapies,tissue regeneration,and diagnostics.展开更多
CONSPECTUS:Hydrogels are ideal candidates for various advanced applications,including wearable electronics,soft robots,and biomedical engineering,which benefit from their natural merits of softness,deformability,and b...CONSPECTUS:Hydrogels are ideal candidates for various advanced applications,including wearable electronics,soft robots,and biomedical engineering,which benefit from their natural merits of softness,deformability,and biocompatibility.In the early stages since the emergence of hydrogels,tremendous efforts have been made to improve their mechanical performances.Despite the investigation of several mechanical strengthening strategies,including nanocomposites,noncovalent cross-linking,and topological design,single network hydrogels still grapple with the tradeoff between mechanical strength and functionality.As a result,improving network complexity and functional diversification have emerged as a significant trend in gel development.Multiphase gels are developed to incorporate mechanical enhancement components and functional components,obtaining integrated exceptional performances.This Account seeks to review mechanical strength-function integrated gels fabricated by bioinspired multiphase confinement strategy,providing inspiration and guidance for multiphase gel design.The first part starts with a specific elaboration on bioinspired strategy,involving tissue structure analysis,biological mechanism imitation,and bioinspired materials fabrication.By exploring human skeletal muscle and nacre,we elucidate how to connect biological structures and artificial material design concretely.Meanwhile,we highlight the promotion effect of in-depth analysis on the biological micro structure and working mechanism.In the next part,we subsequently evaluate diverse multiphase network structures that were previously developed and showcase their exceptional performances and unique applications.Multiple gels developed by our group-phase separation ionic gels for stiffness changing materials,phase transition organohydrogels for actuation,interpenetrating organohydrogels for lubrication,etc.-are reviewed in this section.The most crucial point for the fabrication of these multiphase gels is stability,which inextricably links to their interface interactions.Therefore,we summarize the techniques employed to establish ultrastable interfaces,such as emulsion interface interaction or heterogeneous interpenetrating networks.We delve into the manifold network structures of multiphase polymers,encompassing plasticity,elasticity,hydrophilicity,and hydrophobicity.Different fabrication strategies were adopted according to their network properties,with the aim of exhibiting their unique mechanical strength and functions.In these confined multiphase structures,the independent motions of orthogonal networks are achieved.Additionally,polymers confined in space in nanometer scale or smaller can exhibit performances deviated from bulk phase,including crystallinity,alignment degree,and glass transition temperature.The discussion also covers the confinement effects on the polymer structure and mobility.Ultimately,we introduce the advanced applications of multiphase gels,spanning broad areas including lubrication,actuation,mechanical adaptation,soft robotics,sensing,etc.In order to look into the future development direction of multiphase hydrogels,we derive conclusions about their challenges and opportunities.展开更多
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Wenzhou Institute,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences(UCAS)(Grant No.WIUCASQD2023004)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.12304006,12404265,and 12435001)+2 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Shanghai,China(Grant No.23JC1401400)the Natural Science Foundation of Wenzhou(Grant No.L2023005)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of East China University of Science and Technology。
文摘Two-dimensional(2D)fully compensated collinear magnetic materials ofer signifcant advantages for spintronic applications,including robustness against magnetic feld perturbations,no stray felds,and ultrafast dynamics.Among these materials,fully compensated ferrimagnets are particularly promising due to their unique characteristics such as the magneto-optical efect,completely spin-polarized currents,and the anomalous Hall efect.We performed a structural search on 2D unconventional stoichiometric Cr-I crystals using a global optimization algorithm.The most stable CrI-P21/m monolayer is a fully compensated ferrimagnetic semiconductor with a band gap of 1.57 eV and a high magnetic transition temperature of 592 K.The spontaneous spin splitting in CrI-P21/m originates from the inequivalent local coordination environments of Cr^(1)and Cr^(2)ions,yielding a mismatch in their 3d orbitals splitting.Notably,carrier doping at a concentration of 0.01 electrons or holes per atom enables reversible spin polarization,generating a fully spin-polarized current in CrI-P21/m.This performance makes it a highly promising candidate for spintronic devices.Our fndings not only provide a structural paradigm for discovering fully compensated ferrimagnets but also open a new avenue for designing zero-moment magnetic materials with intrinsic spin splitting.
基金supported by a National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF)grant funded by the Ministry of Science(NRF-2021R1C1C1011739).
文摘Surface-enhanced Raman scattering(SERS)has emerged as a powerful tool in various biomedical applications,including in vivo imaging,diagnostics,and therapy,largely due to the development of near-infrared(NIR)active SERS substrates.This review provides a comprehensive overview of SERS-based applications in vivo,focusing on key aspects such as the design considerations for SERS nanoprobes and advancements in instrumentation.Topics covered include the development of NIR SERS substrates,Raman label compounds(RLCs),protective coatings,and the conjugation of bioligands for targeted imaging and therapy.The review also discusses microscope-based configurations such as scanning,widefield imaging,and fiber-optic setups.Recent advances in using SERS nanoprobes for in vivo sensing,diagnostics,biomolecule screening,multiplex imaging,intraoperative guidance,and multifunctional cancer therapy are highlighted.The review concludes by addressing challenges in the clinical translation of SERS nanoprobes and outlines future directions,emphasizing opportunities for advancing biomedical research and clinical applications.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(U22A2008,12404484)Sichuan Provincial Science and Technology Support Program(25QNJJ2419)+1 种基金National Key Research and Development Program of China(2021YFB2800703)Laoshan Laboratory Science and Technology Innovation Project(LSKJ202200801)。
文摘Moirémeta-devices facilitate continuous and precise modulation of optical properties through the alteration of the relative alignment,such as twisting,sliding,or rotating of the metasurfaces.This capability renders them particularly suitable for dynamic applications,including zoom optics and adaptive imaging systems.Nevertheless,such designs often sacrifice more complex functionalities,such as polarization manipulation,in favor of simplicity and tunability.Here,we propose and experimentally validate a design strategy for a twisted bilayer metasurface that exhibits both varifocal capabilities and polarization filtering properties.By selecting silicon pillars with polarization-maintaining properties for Layer Ⅰ and polarization-converting properties for Layer Ⅱ,the designed Moirémetasurface can become sensitive to specific polarization states.Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed design can generate on-demand terahertz(THz)focused beams,achieving an average focusing efficiency exceeding 35%under x-linearly polarized(x-LP)illumination.This is accomplished by systematically varying the twisting angles p and q of Layer Ⅰ in relation to Layer Ⅱ in increments of 30°.Additionally,we provide numerical evidence that the focal length of the transmitted vortex beam can be adjusted using the same approach.The Moirémeta-device platform,which is engineered to modulate optical properties via mechanical twisting,obviates the necessity for external power sources or active materials.This generalized design strategy has the potential to significantly expedite the commercialization of multifunctional metasurfaces,which can produce high-precision optics across various practical applications.
基金support of CONAHCYT(Consejo Nacional de Humanidades,Ciencias y Tecnologías,México)in the form of Graduate Program Scholarships and the support by Tecnológico de Monterrey in the form of tuition fee waiverthe funding provided by CONAHCYT in the form of scholarship as member of the National System of Researchers(SNI 1047863)+2 种基金he financial support of Federico Baur Endowed Chair in Nanotechnology(ILST002-23ID69001)the funding provided by CONAHCYT in the form of scholarship as a member of the National System of Researchers(CVU:969467)the financial support of FEMSA foundation.
文摘Biopolymer core-shell microspheres play a crucial role in various biomedical applications,including drug delivery,tissue engineering,and diagnostics.These applications require microparticles with consistent,well-controlled size and precise shape fidelity.However,achieving high-throughput synthesis of size and shape-controlled core-shell biopolymer microgels remains a significant challenge.Herein,we present a one-step process for the high-throughput generation of monodisperse,luminescent,chitosan alginate core-shell microspheres by a novel manipulation of a centrifugal microfluidic device.We utilized the pH sensitivity of chitosan and the ionic gelation properties of alginate to create well-defined core-shell morphologies.To address particle merging issues and promote uniform particle size generation,we introduced an innovative pulsed mode operation in our centrifugal microfluidics device.We also incorporated fluorescent,nitrogen-functionalized graphene quantum dots into the core-shell structures,thereby rendering them useful for real-time imaging,which is necessary for diagnostic and therapeutic applications.To enhance biocompatibility,the alginate solution was supplemented with fish gelatin(FG).The resulting microspheres exhibited excellent structural integrity maintaining their core-shell structure after 15 days.Biocompatibility was demonstrated by C2C12 cell viability exceeding 88%after 15 days and by bacterial viability reaching the same percentage after 2 days.The system demonstrates considerable scalability,allowing for the consistent production of large quantities of microspheres without compromising functionality.The streamlined and efficient methodology simplifies the production process while unlocking new possibilities in targeted therapies,tissue regeneration,and diagnostics.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation(22341301,22175010,22161142021)National Key Research and Development Project(2022YFA1503000).
文摘CONSPECTUS:Hydrogels are ideal candidates for various advanced applications,including wearable electronics,soft robots,and biomedical engineering,which benefit from their natural merits of softness,deformability,and biocompatibility.In the early stages since the emergence of hydrogels,tremendous efforts have been made to improve their mechanical performances.Despite the investigation of several mechanical strengthening strategies,including nanocomposites,noncovalent cross-linking,and topological design,single network hydrogels still grapple with the tradeoff between mechanical strength and functionality.As a result,improving network complexity and functional diversification have emerged as a significant trend in gel development.Multiphase gels are developed to incorporate mechanical enhancement components and functional components,obtaining integrated exceptional performances.This Account seeks to review mechanical strength-function integrated gels fabricated by bioinspired multiphase confinement strategy,providing inspiration and guidance for multiphase gel design.The first part starts with a specific elaboration on bioinspired strategy,involving tissue structure analysis,biological mechanism imitation,and bioinspired materials fabrication.By exploring human skeletal muscle and nacre,we elucidate how to connect biological structures and artificial material design concretely.Meanwhile,we highlight the promotion effect of in-depth analysis on the biological micro structure and working mechanism.In the next part,we subsequently evaluate diverse multiphase network structures that were previously developed and showcase their exceptional performances and unique applications.Multiple gels developed by our group-phase separation ionic gels for stiffness changing materials,phase transition organohydrogels for actuation,interpenetrating organohydrogels for lubrication,etc.-are reviewed in this section.The most crucial point for the fabrication of these multiphase gels is stability,which inextricably links to their interface interactions.Therefore,we summarize the techniques employed to establish ultrastable interfaces,such as emulsion interface interaction or heterogeneous interpenetrating networks.We delve into the manifold network structures of multiphase polymers,encompassing plasticity,elasticity,hydrophilicity,and hydrophobicity.Different fabrication strategies were adopted according to their network properties,with the aim of exhibiting their unique mechanical strength and functions.In these confined multiphase structures,the independent motions of orthogonal networks are achieved.Additionally,polymers confined in space in nanometer scale or smaller can exhibit performances deviated from bulk phase,including crystallinity,alignment degree,and glass transition temperature.The discussion also covers the confinement effects on the polymer structure and mobility.Ultimately,we introduce the advanced applications of multiphase gels,spanning broad areas including lubrication,actuation,mechanical adaptation,soft robotics,sensing,etc.In order to look into the future development direction of multiphase hydrogels,we derive conclusions about their challenges and opportunities.
