Quality of software systems is highly demanded in today’s scenario. Highly testable system enhances the reliability also. More than 50% of test effort-time and cost are used to produce a highly testable system. Thus,...Quality of software systems is highly demanded in today’s scenario. Highly testable system enhances the reliability also. More than 50% of test effort-time and cost are used to produce a highly testable system. Thus, design-for-testability is needed to reduce the test effort. In order to enhance the quality, productivity and reduced cost of the software organizations are promoting to produce the reuse-oriented products. Incorporating reuse technology in both aspects-software development process and test process may payoff many folds. Keeping this view, our study focus the testability of the object-oriented framework based software systems and identify that flexibility at the variable points of the object-oriented framework, chosen for framework instantiation, greatly affects the testability of object-oriented framework based software at each level of testing. In the current paper, we propose a testability model considering the flexible aspect of the variable point to estimate testability in the early phase, requirement analysis phase, of development process of the framework based software. The proposed model helps to improve the testability of the software before the implementation starts thus reducing the overall development cost.展开更多
Metal-organic frameworks(MOFs)are versatile materials with tunable pore structures,high surface areas,and diverse chemical functionalities,making them ideal for applications in catalysis,sensing,gas separation,and dru...Metal-organic frameworks(MOFs)are versatile materials with tunable pore structures,high surface areas,and diverse chemical functionalities,making them ideal for applications in catalysis,sensing,gas separation,and drug delivery.However,their bulk or powdered forms often limit performance due to poor dispersion and low functional integration.This challenge has driven the rapid development of MOF patterning techniques.This review explores various patterning methods,including template-induced growth method,printing techniques,conventional lithography and emerging direct photolithographic strategies,highlighting their principles,advantages,and limitations.We also discuss the broad applications of MOF patterning in energy devices,biosensors,and biomedical fields,emphasizing its potential in advancing performance.In addition,we address the challenge of balancing the quality of patterning resolution with the performance of MOF materials.By offering insights into both methodologies and applications,this review provides valuable guidance for researchers,fostering innovation in MOF-based multifunctional devices across diverse scientific fields.展开更多
The development of advanced materials and technologies in the field of sustainability is of vital importance for addressing environmental pollution.Covalent organic frameworks(COFs)show great potential in the field of...The development of advanced materials and technologies in the field of sustainability is of vital importance for addressing environmental pollution.Covalent organic frameworks(COFs)show great potential in the field of environmental remediation due to their ordered structure,high porosity,low density,large specific surface area,alongside excellent chemical stability.These features position COFs as promising candidates for environmental remediation.However,COFs usually exist in powder form with poor processability and recyclability.To overcome such challenges,the construction of COF-based aerogels with a unique three-dimensional interconnected pore structure and extremely low density is considered an important means to realize their device applications.The research on the development of advanced COF aerogel composites at the molecular level opens up a new way and provides a new choice of multifunctional materials for environmental governance.This review focuses on COF aerogels and systematically summarizes their synthesis methods and development in environmental applications.展开更多
文摘Quality of software systems is highly demanded in today’s scenario. Highly testable system enhances the reliability also. More than 50% of test effort-time and cost are used to produce a highly testable system. Thus, design-for-testability is needed to reduce the test effort. In order to enhance the quality, productivity and reduced cost of the software organizations are promoting to produce the reuse-oriented products. Incorporating reuse technology in both aspects-software development process and test process may payoff many folds. Keeping this view, our study focus the testability of the object-oriented framework based software systems and identify that flexibility at the variable points of the object-oriented framework, chosen for framework instantiation, greatly affects the testability of object-oriented framework based software at each level of testing. In the current paper, we propose a testability model considering the flexible aspect of the variable point to estimate testability in the early phase, requirement analysis phase, of development process of the framework based software. The proposed model helps to improve the testability of the software before the implementation starts thus reducing the overall development cost.
基金supported by the Science and Technology Program in Jiangsu Province(No.BK20232041)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2022YFB3607000)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.22171132 and 52472165).
文摘Metal-organic frameworks(MOFs)are versatile materials with tunable pore structures,high surface areas,and diverse chemical functionalities,making them ideal for applications in catalysis,sensing,gas separation,and drug delivery.However,their bulk or powdered forms often limit performance due to poor dispersion and low functional integration.This challenge has driven the rapid development of MOF patterning techniques.This review explores various patterning methods,including template-induced growth method,printing techniques,conventional lithography and emerging direct photolithographic strategies,highlighting their principles,advantages,and limitations.We also discuss the broad applications of MOF patterning in energy devices,biosensors,and biomedical fields,emphasizing its potential in advancing performance.In addition,we address the challenge of balancing the quality of patterning resolution with the performance of MOF materials.By offering insights into both methodologies and applications,this review provides valuable guidance for researchers,fostering innovation in MOF-based multifunctional devices across diverse scientific fields.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22175094,21971113)。
文摘The development of advanced materials and technologies in the field of sustainability is of vital importance for addressing environmental pollution.Covalent organic frameworks(COFs)show great potential in the field of environmental remediation due to their ordered structure,high porosity,low density,large specific surface area,alongside excellent chemical stability.These features position COFs as promising candidates for environmental remediation.However,COFs usually exist in powder form with poor processability and recyclability.To overcome such challenges,the construction of COF-based aerogels with a unique three-dimensional interconnected pore structure and extremely low density is considered an important means to realize their device applications.The research on the development of advanced COF aerogel composites at the molecular level opens up a new way and provides a new choice of multifunctional materials for environmental governance.This review focuses on COF aerogels and systematically summarizes their synthesis methods and development in environmental applications.
