Rice grain size is a primary characteristic essential for artificial domestication and breeding,governed by grain length,width,and thickness.In this study,we cloned Grain Size 10(GS10),a novel gene via mapbased clonin...Rice grain size is a primary characteristic essential for artificial domestication and breeding,governed by grain length,width,and thickness.In this study,we cloned Grain Size 10(GS10),a novel gene via mapbased cloning.Biochemical,molecular,and genetic studies were performed to elucidate the GS10 involved grain size mechanism in rice.Mutant of GS10 lead to reduced grain size due to alterations in cell expansion.Additionally,GS10 is responsible for the formation of notched-belly grains,especially in smaller grain varieties possessing loss-function mutations.Overexpression of GS10 in Nipponbare results in increasing grain length,grain weight and improve the appearance quality of rice.GS10 encodes conserved protein with uncharacterized function.Furthermore,GS10 regulates the grain size by interacting OsBRICK1,a subunit of the WAVE complex that governs actin nucleation and affects the assembly of microfilaments in rice.Together,our study demonstrates that,GS10 positively regulates the grain length and grain weight,which is beneficial for further improvements in yield characteristics.展开更多
Rice grain size and chalkiness are important traits that influence grain yield and quality,respectively.Mining of genes for grain yield and appearance quality and clarification of their action modes are of great impor...Rice grain size and chalkiness are important traits that influence grain yield and quality,respectively.Mining of genes for grain yield and appearance quality and clarification of their action modes are of great importance in rice breeding.In this study,a rice protein disulfide isomerase-like enzyme PDIL2-3 was characterized.Expression analysis revealed that PDIL2-3 was highly expressed in endosperm and spikelet hulls.The PDIL2-3-cri lines generated by CRISPR/Cas9 technology exhibited a chalky grain phenotype with altered storage substance accumulation and increased grain size and weight,whereas exactly opposite results were obtained for PDIL2-3 overexpression lines.Cytological experiments revealed that PDIL2-3-cri increased rice seed length mainly by increasing the cell number and rice seed width mainly by increasing the cell size in grains,implying that PDIL2-3 regulates the grain size by influencing both cell division and expansion of spikelet hulls.Further flow cytometric analysis validated that PDIL2-3 has a negative effect on cell proliferation,preventing DNA duplication and cell division in spikelet hulls.Moreover,q RT-PCR results showed that the expression levels of genes related to cell cycle and storage substance synthesis were significantly changed in PDIL2-3-cri transgenic lines.Thus,our results indicated that PDIL2-3 plays a pivotal role in influencing grain size and quality of rice by affecting cell division/expansion and storage substance accumulation,providing new insights into the function of PDIL family members in rice and enriching the genetic resources for rice breeding.展开更多
BACKGROUND Current concepts of beauty are increasingly subjective,influenced by the viewpoints of others.The aim of the study was to evaluate divergences in the perception of dental appearance and smile esthetics amon...BACKGROUND Current concepts of beauty are increasingly subjective,influenced by the viewpoints of others.The aim of the study was to evaluate divergences in the perception of dental appearance and smile esthetics among patients,laypersons and dental practitioners.The study goals were to evaluate the influence of age,sex,education and dental specialty on the participants’judgment and to identify the values of different esthetic criteria.Patients sample included 50 patients who responded to a dental appearance questionnaire(DAQ).Two frontal photographs were taken,one during a smile and one with retracted lips.Laypersons and dentists were asked to evaluate both photographs using a Linear Scale from(0-10),where 0 represent(absolutely unaesthetic)and 10 represent(absolutely aesthetic).One-way analysis of variance(ANOVA)and t-test analysis were measured for each group.Most patients in the sample expressed satisfaction with most aspects of their smiles and dental appearance.Among laypersons(including 488 participants),47 pictures“with lips”out of 50 had higher mean aesthetic scores compared to pictures“without lips”.Among the dentist sample,90 dentists’perception towards the esthetic smile and dental appearance for photos“with lips”and“without lips”were the same for 23 out of 50 patients.Perception of smile aesthetics differed between patients,laypersons and dentists.Several factors can contribute to shape the perception of smile aesthetic.AIM To compare the perception of dental aesthetic among patients,laypersons,and professional dentists,to evaluate the impact of age,sex,educational background,and income on the judgments made by laypersons,to assess the variations in experience,specialty,age,and sex on professional dentists’judgment,and to evaluate the role of lips,skin shade and tooth shade in different participants’judgments.METHODS Patients sample included 50 patients who responded to DAQ.Two frontal photographs were taken:one during a smile and one with retracted lips.Laypersons and dentists were asked to evaluate both photographs using a Linear Scale from(0-10),where 0 represent(absolutely unaesthetic)and 10 represent(absolutely aesthetic).One-way ANOVA and t-test analysis were measured for each group.RESULTS Most patients in the sample expressed satisfaction with most aspects of their smiles and dental appearance.Among laypersons(including 488 participants),47 pictures“with lips”out of 50 had higher mean aesthetic scores compared to pictures“without lips”.Whereas among the dentist sample,90 dentists’perception towards the esthetic smile and dental appearance for photos“with lips”and“without lips”were the same for 23 out of 50 patients.Perception of smile aesthetics differed between patients,laypersons and dentists.CONCLUSION Several factors can contribute to shape the perception of smile aesthetic.展开更多
This study aimed to clarify the appearance quality,sensory quality,and their relationship of different flue-cured tobacco varieties in Chenzhou,Hunan.A total of 183 samples of C3F-grade tobacco leaves were collected f...This study aimed to clarify the appearance quality,sensory quality,and their relationship of different flue-cured tobacco varieties in Chenzhou,Hunan.A total of 183 samples of C3F-grade tobacco leaves were collected from Chenzhou from 2021 to 2023,and the relationship between the appearance quality and sensory quality was analyzed by the correlation analysis.The results showed that‘Yunyan 87’and‘K326’showcased the typical burnt-sweetness and bouquet-sweetness aroma in Nanling area,while‘Yunyan 301’,‘Xiangyan 5’,and‘Xiangyan 7’presented a bouquet-sweetness aroma.Maturity had a significantly negative correlation with the typical burnt-sweetness and bouquet-sweetness aroma.A suitable level of maturity was beneficial for highlighting the burnt-sweetness aroma of flue-cured tobacco in Chenzhou.The oil content,softness,and color difference between leaf front and back had significantly positive correlations with the aroma quality of tobacco.Maturity and leaf structure had significantly negative correlations with off-odours and irritating odour.In conclusion,‘Yunyan 87’and‘K326’in Chenzhou could manifest the burntsweetness and bouquet-sweetness aroma,and suitable maturity was conducive to the release of the burnt-sweetness aroma.展开更多
Applying iodine fertilizers to cultivate iodine-rich crops for daily intake is an effective approach for iodine supplementation,especially for aromatic rice.Field experiments were conducted during the early growing se...Applying iodine fertilizers to cultivate iodine-rich crops for daily intake is an effective approach for iodine supplementation,especially for aromatic rice.Field experiments were conducted during the early growing seasons of 2021 and 2022 to evaluate the impacts of foliar application of iodine fertilizer on aromatic rice and to explore the optimal iodine fertilizer concentration.At the full heading stage,six different concentrations of sodium iodide solutions of 0%(CK),0.010%(T1),0.025%(T2),0.050%(T3),0.075%(T4),and 0.100%(T5)were applied to indica aromatic rice cultivars Meixiangzhan 2 and Xiangyaxiangzhan.The results showed that sodium iodide treatments significantly increased the iodine and sodium contents in both leaves and grains.Compared with the CK,the T1 and T2 treatments increased the 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline(2-AP)content in mature grains by 8.41%-101.66%and 13.58%-74.60%,respectively.Improvements in the contents of 1-pyrroline-5-carboxylic acid,proline,1-pyrroline,and methylglyoxal,as well as the activity of proline dehydrogenase were also detected.Additionally,sodium iodide treatments remarkably decreased the chalky grain rate,chalkiness area,and chalkiness degree of aromatic rice,with the T2 treatment exhibiting a 17.79%-47.42%decrease in chalkiness degree compared with the CK.Meanwhile,T1 and T2 treatments showed beneficial impacts on chlorophyll content,photosynthetic characteristics,and yield components,while T3,T4,and T5 treatments exhibited adverse effects on leaf and grain yields.The linear discriminant analysis revealed significant differences between treatments.The correlation analysis and piecewise structural equation modeling showed that the iodine and sodium influenced the photosynthetic characteristics and chlorophyll content of the leaves,thereby regulating the 2-AP biosynthesis and yield components,ultimately affecting the 2-AP content and yield.Overall,this study suggests that foliar application of 0.025%sodium iodide is an effective method to enrich the iodine content in rice grains,improve the grain aroma and appearance quality of aromatic rice,without detrimental effects on grain yield.展开更多
Background:To reduce adolescents’social anxiety,the study integrates external factors(social media usage)with internal factors(imaginary audience and appearance-based self-esteem)to internal mechanisms of adolescents...Background:To reduce adolescents’social anxiety,the study integrates external factors(social media usage)with internal factors(imaginary audience and appearance-based self-esteem)to internal mechanisms of adolescents’social anxiety in the Internet age based on objective self-awareness theory and self-esteem importance weighting model.Methods:Utilizing the Social Media Usage Intensity Scale,Social Anxiety Scale,imaginary Audience Scale,and Physical Self Questionnaire,we surveyed 400 junior high school students from three schools in Hubei province,China.Results:A significantly positive correlation is revealed between the intensity of social media usage and both social anxiety and imaginary audience(p<0.001).Conversely,social media usage intensity and appearance self-esteem are significantly negatively correlated(p<0.001).Additionally,the perception of an imaginary audience was negatively correlated with appearance self-esteem(p<0.001).Furthermore,we found that imaginary audience(indirect effect of 0.14,95%CI=[0.02,0.07])and appearance self-esteem(indirect effect of 0.14,95%CI=[0.02,0.07])can respectively act as independent mediators between social networking site use intensity and social anxiety,Additionally,the relationship between imaginary audience and appearance self-esteem can also be chain-mediated(indirect effect of 0.03,95%CI=[0.00,0.02])separately affect the relationship between the two.Conclusion:The imaginary audience serves as an independent mediator that links social media usage intensity to social anxiety among adolescents.Additionally,the observed chain mediation effect involving both the imaginary audience and appearance self-esteem provides novel insights for developing strategies aimed at addressing adolescent social anxiety.展开更多
A factorial mating design in two environments was conducted using 7 cytoplasmic male sterile lines （A） and 5 restorer lines （R） along with their F1 （A × R） and F2 populations. The unconditional and conditio...A factorial mating design in two environments was conducted using 7 cytoplasmic male sterile lines （A） and 5 restorer lines （R） along with their F1 （A × R） and F2 populations. The unconditional and conditional analyses of genetic models and the corresponding statistic methods, including endospermic, cytoplasmic, and maternal plant genetic systems, were used to analyze the genetic relationships between protein content （PC） and the appearance quality traits of indica rice （Oryza sativa L.）. The results from unconditional analysis indicated that PC was significantly correlated with the appearance quality traits of rice, except for the brown rice thickness （BRT）. Only the genetic covariance between PC and the brown rice width （BRW） was positively correlative, whereas all the other pairwise traits were negatively correlative. The results from conditional analysis revealed that the weight of brown rice （WBR） or the amylose content （AC） could significantly affect the relationships between PC and the appearance quality traits of indica rice. The conditional analysis showed that WBR might negatively affect the relationships between PC and the brown rice length （BRL）, BRW, or BRT through the geuotype x environmental （GE） interaction effects, but positively affected the relationships between PC and the ratio of brown rice length to width （RLW） or the ratio of brown rice length to thickness （RLT）. The amylase content could positively affect the relationships between PC and BRL, RLW, RLT through the cytoplasmic effects and maternal additive effects, but negatively affected the relationships between PC and BRW.展开更多
The integration of the Lab model with the extended histogram of oriented gradients （EHOG） is proposed to improve the accuracy of human appearance matching across disjoint camera views under perturbations such as ill...The integration of the Lab model with the extended histogram of oriented gradients （EHOG） is proposed to improve the accuracy of human appearance matching across disjoint camera views under perturbations such as illumination changes and different viewing angles. For the Lab model that describes the global information of observations, a sorted nearest neighbor clustering method is proposed for color clustering and then a partitioned color matching method is used to calculate the color similarity between observations. The Bhattacharya distance is employed for the textural similarity calculation of the EHOG which describes the local information. The global information, which is robust to different viewing angles and scale changes, describes the observations well. Meanwhile, the use of local information, which is robust to illumination changes, can strengthen the discriminative ability of the method. The integration of global and local information improves the accuracy and robustness of the proposed matching approach. Experiments are carried out indoors, and the results show a high matching accuracy of the proposed method.展开更多
With changing rural architectural environment as the focus of new rural construction, the paper had pointed out it was lack of researches on color planning of overall structures in new countryside. On this basis, by m...With changing rural architectural environment as the focus of new rural construction, the paper had pointed out it was lack of researches on color planning of overall structures in new countryside. On this basis, by making use of relevant softwares, it had conducted color abstraction on current typical rural appearance; analyzed the color of rural nature, artificial environment and cultural environment in accordance with international standard of Natural Color System; and then concluded color context of rural appearance. It proposed that color control could be conducted on rural appearance from macroscopic, medium and microcosmic perspective by taking advantage of color planning in new rural appearance construction, so as to build a new rural color system, create modern new rural appearance reflecting regional characteristic and integrating with the natural environment, preserve artificial color of traditional ancient villages, coordinate colors in villages with architectures of different ages, finally realizing reshaping of Chinese people's spiritual hometown.展开更多
In this paper,a modeling method for a pantograph-catenary system is put forward to investigate the dynamic contact behavior in space,taking into consideration of the appearance characteristics of the contact surfaces ...In this paper,a modeling method for a pantograph-catenary system is put forward to investigate the dynamic contact behavior in space,taking into consideration of the appearance characteristics of the contact surfaces of the pantograph and catenary.The dynamic performance of the pantograph-catenary system,including contact forces,accelerations,and the corresponding spectra,is analyzed.Furthermore,with the modeling method,the influences of contact wire irregularity and the vibration caused by the front pantograph on the rear pantograph for a pantograph-catenary system with double pantographs are investigated.The results show that the appearance characteristics of the contact surfaces play an important role in the dynamic contact behavior.The appearance characteristics should be considered to reasonably evaluate the dynamic performance of the pantograph-catenary system.展开更多
Appearance and cooked rice elongation are key quality traits of rice. Although some QTL for these traits have been identified, understanding of the genetic relationship between them remains limited. In the present stu...Appearance and cooked rice elongation are key quality traits of rice. Although some QTL for these traits have been identified, understanding of the genetic relationship between them remains limited. In the present study, large phenotypic variation was observed in 760 accessions from the 3 K Rice Genomes Project for both appearance quality and cooked rice elongation. Most component traits of appearance quality and cooked rice elongation showed significant pairwise correlations, but a low correlation was found between appearance quality and cooked rice elongation. A genome-wide association study identified 74 QTL distributed on all 12 chromosomes for grain length, grain width, length to width ratio, degree of endosperm with chalkiness, rice elongation difference, and elongation index. Thirteen regions containing QTL stably expressed in multiple environments and/or exerting pleiotropic effects on multiple traits were detected. By gene-based association analysis and haplotype analysis, 46 candidate genes, including five cloned genes, and 49 favorable alleles were identified for these 13 QTL. The effect of the candidate gene Wx on rice elongation difference was validated by a transgenic strategy. These results shed light on the genetic bases of appearance quality and cooked rice elongation and provide gene resources for improving rice quality by molecular breeding.展开更多
Objective To evaluate the normal appearance of large field diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) on 3.0T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Methods Twenty healthy volunteers and thirty patients with benign prostate hyperpla...Objective To evaluate the normal appearance of large field diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) on 3.0T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Methods Twenty healthy volunteers and thirty patients with benign prostate hyperplasia were included in this study. All patients were examined with large field DWI on 3.0T MRI. Normal tissue appearance was analyzed and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) of normal tissue with high signal intensity was measured. The ADC values of bilateral symmetrical tissue were also compared. The ADC values of intervertebral disks of healthy people younger than 50 years and exceeding 50 years were compared. Results Salivary gland, spleen, kidney, gallbladder, bladder, prostate, seminal vesicle, testis, intervertebral disk, liquid in articular cavity and lymph node showed high signal intensity on large field DWI, while lung, liver and bone showed hypo-signal intensity. The mean ADC values of partial hyperintensity tissue were as followed: parotid gland (1.088 ± 0.114) ×10-3 mm2/s, submaxillary gland (1.309 ± 0.189) ×10-3 mm2/s, kidney (1.909 ± 0.143) ×10-3 mm2/s, seminal vesicle (1.669 ± 0.168) ×10-3 mm2/s, testis (1.028 ± 0.075) ×10-3 mm2/s, spleen (0.963 ± 0.108) ×10-3 mm2/s, bladder (2.898 ± 0.267) ×10-3 mm2/s, prostate (1.448 ± 0.132) ×10-3 mm2/s, intervertebral disks (1.360 ± 0.140) ×10-3 mm2/s. No statistical significance was found between the ADC values of bilateral symmetrical tissues. The difference of ADC values of intervertebral disks of healthy people younger than 50 years [(1.372 ± 0.142) ×10-3 mm2/s] and exceeding 50 years [(1.344 ± 0.134) ×10-3 mm2/s] showed statistical significance (P = 0.040). Conclusion Understanding the high signal intensity of normal tissue on large field DWI may help to differentiate the normal tissues and abnormal ones.展开更多
The effects of different curing systems on the properties of high volume fine mineral powder RPC （reactive powder concrete） and the appearances of hydrates were studied. The experimental results show that dry-heatin...The effects of different curing systems on the properties of high volume fine mineral powder RPC （reactive powder concrete） and the appearances of hydrates were studied. The experimental results show that dry-heating curing promotes the development of pozzolanic reactivity of fine mineral powder; due to low cement content, 0.20 water-bind ratio and high reactive fine mineral powder content, the strength of RPC increases by around 200% after steam curing and subsequent dry-heating curing. Scanning electron microscopy and energy spectrum diagram showed that： after the high volume fine mineral powder RPC with 0.16 water-bind ratio underwent steam curing and dry-heating curing, there was no significant change in the appearance of hydrates; after the RPC with 0.20 water-bind ratio, the cement content of 150 kg/m3 and more steel slag powder underwent dry-heating curing, there was a certain change in the appearance of C-S-H, the structure of gel was more compact and was uniformly distributed, and the Ca/Si of C-S-H gel decreased from 1.41 to around 1.20.展开更多
Acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS)-related lymphoma (ARL) remains the main cause of AIDS-related deaths in the highly active anti-retroviral therapy (HAART) era. Recently, rearrangement of MYC is associated wi...Acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS)-related lymphoma (ARL) remains the main cause of AIDS-related deaths in the highly active anti-retroviral therapy (HAART) era. Recently, rearrangement of MYC is associated with poor prognosis in patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. Here, we report a rare case of gastrointestinal (GI)-ARL with MYC rearrangements and coinfected with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection presenting with various endoscopic findings. A 38-yearold homosexual man who presented with anemia and was diagnosed with an human immunodeficiency virus infection for the first time. GI endoscopy revealed multiple dish-like lesions, ulcerations, bloody spots, nodular masses with active bleeding in the stomach, erythematous flat lesions in the duodenum, and multiple nodular masses in the colon and rectum. Magnified endoscopy with narrow band imaging showed a honeycomb-like pattern without irregular microvessels in the dish-like lesions of the stomach. Biopsy specimens from the stomach, duodenum, colon, and rectum revealed diffuse large B-cell lymphoma concomitant with EBV infection that was detected by high tissue EBV-polymerase chain reaction levels and Epstein-Barr virus small RNAs in situ hybridization. Fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis revealed a fusion between the immunoglobulin heavy chain (IgH) and c-MYC genes, but not between the IgH and BCL2 loci. After 1-mo of treatment with HAART and R-CHOP, endoscopic appearance improved remarkably, and the histological features of the biopsy specimens revealed no evidence of lymphoma. However, he died from multiple organ failure on the 139 th day after diagnosis. The cause of his poor outcome may be related to MYC rearrangement. The GI tract involvement in ARL is rarely reported, and its endoscopic findings are various and may be different from those in non-AIDS GI lymphoma; thus, we also conducted a literature review of GI-ARL cases.展开更多
Cerium is one of the most abundant rare earth elements in both bastnasite and monazite. Ceria has been widely used in optical, catalytic, electrolyte, and sensor materials, with unique performances. With the developme...Cerium is one of the most abundant rare earth elements in both bastnasite and monazite. Ceria has been widely used in optical, catalytic, electrolyte, and sensor materials, with unique performances. With the development of functional materials, great interest has been focused on the synthesis and characterization of specific fine/mesoporous ceria powder. In this study, the modified precipitation and recrystallization processes combined with a controlled calcination process for fabricating the ceria with large particle size and high appearance density was reported. During precipitation, a certain amount of mineral acid such as nitric acid served as an additive, to adjust the precipitation and crystallization processes of cerium oxalates. An appropriate acidic condition could lead the process into the Oswald ripening stage and made the particles become bigger. Thus, the appearance density of powder was increased. The optimized conditions, such as the temperature, feeding speed, type and concentration of mineral acids, and the concentration of cerium-contained stock solution, were investigated and evaluated.展开更多
This study was conducted to generate genetic information in rice varieties based on a complete diallel crosses over two years. The results indicated that genotype effect was significant for all traits. Genotype ×...This study was conducted to generate genetic information in rice varieties based on a complete diallel crosses over two years. The results indicated that genotype effect was significant for all traits. Genotype × environment interaction effects were significant only for cooked grain length （CGL） and cooked grain shape （CGSH）. General combining ability （GCA） and specific combining ability （SCA） effects were significant for entire traits, which indicated the important roles of both additive and non-additive gene actions. GCA x environment interaction effects were significant for CGL, CGSH and grain elongation index （GEI）. In the controlling of the inheritance of milled grain shape （GSH）, milled grain width （MGW）, GEI, milled grain length （MGL）, CGSH and cooked grain width （CGW）, the additive gene effects were more important than non-additive one. The average degree of dominance was within the range of partial dominance for all of the traits. The narrow-sense heritability was ranged from 0.65 （GSH） to 0.36 （CGL）. GCA effects were significant for all of the parents in milled grain length and it was significant for some of the parents in other traits. The crosses of Deilmani × IRFAON-215 exhibited significant SCA for GEI. The positive mean of heterosis was observed for CGW. The highest maximum values of heterosis were revealed in GEI, flowed by GSH, MGW and CGW. GCA and MPV were significantly and positively correlated together for all traits.展开更多
To clarify the optimal water management in large-scale fields under high temperatures at the ripening period,effective water managements during this period for improvement of yield,appearance quality and palatability ...To clarify the optimal water management in large-scale fields under high temperatures at the ripening period,effective water managements during this period for improvement of yield,appearance quality and palatability were investigated.Compared with intermittent irrigation and flooded irrigation,the soil temperature with saturated irrigation remained low throughout the day,and the decrease rate of the bleeding rate of hills was the lowest.These results suggested that the saturated irrigation maintained root activity.For the three irrigation types,the number of spikelets per m2 and 1000-grain weight were similar,however,saturated irrigation resulted in significantly higher rice yield due to improvement in the percentage of ripened grains.The saturated irrigation produced a high percentage of perfect rice grains and thicker brown rice grain,furthermore,the palatability of cooked rice was excellent because protein content and hardness/adhesion ratio were both low.Thus,under high-temperature ripening conditions,soil temperature was lowered and root activity was maintained when applying saturated irrigation after heading time.The results indicated that saturated irrigation is an effective countermeasure against high-temperature ripening damage.展开更多
The panicle architecture and grain size of rice affect not only grain yield but also grain quality,especially grain appearance.The erect-panicle(EP)trait controlled by the qpe9-1/dep1 allele has been widely used in hi...The panicle architecture and grain size of rice affect not only grain yield but also grain quality,especially grain appearance.The erect-panicle(EP)trait controlled by the qpe9-1/dep1 allele has been widely used in high-yielding japonica rice breeding,but usually accompanied with moderate appearance of milled rice.The null gs9 allele shows a good potential for improving grain shape and appearance.However,GS9 and qPE9-1/DEP1 loci are tightly linked,and their interaction is unclear,which obviously restricts their utilization in modern rice breeding.In the present study,comparative analyses of protein and mRNA levels revealed that GS9 and qPE9-1 function independently.Three nearisogenic lines(NILs)carrying various allelic combinations of these two loci,NIL(gs9/qpe9-1),NIL(GS9/qPE9-1)and NIL(gs9/qPE9-1),in the EP japonica cultivar 2661(GS9/qpe9-1)background were developed for genetic interaction analysis.GS9 and qPE9-1 had additive effects on determining grain size,and the null gs9 allele could decrease grain chalkiness and improve grain appearance without affecting plant and panicle architecture in EP japonica cultivars.Additionally,introgression lines(ILs)developed in another released EP japonica cultivar Wuyujing 27(WYJ27)background showed the same additive effect and the feasibility of utilizing the gs9 allele to improve grain appearance quality in high-yielding EP cultivars.This study provides an effective strategy for rice breeders to improve rice grain appearance in EP japonica and related cultivars.展开更多
To elucidate the relationship between ethylene evolution from the grains and the appearance quality of rice, ten different rice genotypes were used to determine the ethylene evolution rate, 1-aminocylopropane-1-carbox...To elucidate the relationship between ethylene evolution from the grains and the appearance quality of rice, ten different rice genotypes were used to determine the ethylene evolution rate, 1-aminocylopropane-1-carboxylic acid （ACC） concentration in grains during grain filling and the appearance quality of rice, and the effects of chemical regulators on concentrations of ethylene and ACC in the grains during grain filling were also investigated to verify the roles of ethylene in the rice quality formation. The ethylene evolution rates and ACC concentrations in grains during the mid and late grain filling stages were very significantly and positively correlated with chalky kernel percentage and chalkiness. The cultivars with a low ACC concentration in grains exhibited a close amyloplast arrangement and small space between starch granules, whereas those with a high ACC concentration in grains showed a loose arrangement and wide space between the granules. Application of 1 μmol/L ACC to panicles at mid and late grain filling stages significantly loosened amyloplast arrangement and increased chalky kernel percentage, chalky area and chalkiness, and the results were reversed when 1 μmol/L amino-ethoxyvinylglycine, an inhibitor of ACC synthesis enzyme, was applied to panicles. A practice of moderate dry-wet alternate irrigation reduced ethylene evolution and ACC concentration in grains and thereby reduced chalkiness. The results suggested that ethylene and ACC in grains play an important role in the endosperm structure and appearance quality of rice, and the appearance quality would be improved by reducing ethylene evolution and ACC in grains through either variety breeding and selection, or chemical regulations or cultivation techniques.展开更多
（TiCp＋ TiBw）/Ti-6Al-4V titanium matrix composites（PTMCs） have broad application prospects in the aviation and nuclear field. However, it is a typical difficult-to-cut material due to high hardness of the reinforc...（TiCp＋ TiBw）/Ti-6Al-4V titanium matrix composites（PTMCs） have broad application prospects in the aviation and nuclear field. However, it is a typical difficult-to-cut material due to high hardness of the reinforcements, high strength and low thermal conductivity of Ti-6Al-4V alloy matrix. Grinding experiments with vitrified CBN wheels were conducted to analyze comparatively the grinding performance of PTMCs and Ti-6Al-4V alloy. Grinding force and force ratios, specific grinding energy, grinding temperature, surface roughness, ground surface appearance were discussed. The results show that the normal grinding force and the force ratios of PTMCs are much larger than that of Ti-6Al-4V alloy. Low depth of cut and high workpiece speed are generally beneficial to achieve the precision ground surface for PTMCs. The hard reinforcements of PTMCs are mainly removed in the ductile mode during grinding. However, the removal phenomenon of the reinforcements due to brittle fracture still exists, which contributes to the lower specific grinding energy and grinding temperature of PTMCs than Ti-6Al-4V alloy.展开更多
基金supported by Projects of International Cooperation NSFC(31961143016,31101203)Guizhou Provincial Science and Technology Projects(QKHJC-ZK[2022]YB537)+4 种基金the Fundamental Research Funds of Central Public Welfare Research Institutions(CPSIBRF-CNRRI-202102,Y2020YJ17)Independent Project of State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology(2020Z2KT10201)High-quality and Resistant Hybrid Rice Germplasm Creation and New Varieties Development with International Competitiveness(2022KJCX45,YBXM2437)Zhejiang Provincial Science and Technology Projects(2022R51009)Inner Mongolia Breeding Joint Research Project(YZ2023004).
文摘Rice grain size is a primary characteristic essential for artificial domestication and breeding,governed by grain length,width,and thickness.In this study,we cloned Grain Size 10(GS10),a novel gene via mapbased cloning.Biochemical,molecular,and genetic studies were performed to elucidate the GS10 involved grain size mechanism in rice.Mutant of GS10 lead to reduced grain size due to alterations in cell expansion.Additionally,GS10 is responsible for the formation of notched-belly grains,especially in smaller grain varieties possessing loss-function mutations.Overexpression of GS10 in Nipponbare results in increasing grain length,grain weight and improve the appearance quality of rice.GS10 encodes conserved protein with uncharacterized function.Furthermore,GS10 regulates the grain size by interacting OsBRICK1,a subunit of the WAVE complex that governs actin nucleation and affects the assembly of microfilaments in rice.Together,our study demonstrates that,GS10 positively regulates the grain length and grain weight,which is beneficial for further improvements in yield characteristics.
基金supported in part by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32472141,32101746,and 32102231)Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province(JCZRLH202500540,2021CFB033,and 2022CFB393)。
文摘Rice grain size and chalkiness are important traits that influence grain yield and quality,respectively.Mining of genes for grain yield and appearance quality and clarification of their action modes are of great importance in rice breeding.In this study,a rice protein disulfide isomerase-like enzyme PDIL2-3 was characterized.Expression analysis revealed that PDIL2-3 was highly expressed in endosperm and spikelet hulls.The PDIL2-3-cri lines generated by CRISPR/Cas9 technology exhibited a chalky grain phenotype with altered storage substance accumulation and increased grain size and weight,whereas exactly opposite results were obtained for PDIL2-3 overexpression lines.Cytological experiments revealed that PDIL2-3-cri increased rice seed length mainly by increasing the cell number and rice seed width mainly by increasing the cell size in grains,implying that PDIL2-3 regulates the grain size by influencing both cell division and expansion of spikelet hulls.Further flow cytometric analysis validated that PDIL2-3 has a negative effect on cell proliferation,preventing DNA duplication and cell division in spikelet hulls.Moreover,q RT-PCR results showed that the expression levels of genes related to cell cycle and storage substance synthesis were significantly changed in PDIL2-3-cri transgenic lines.Thus,our results indicated that PDIL2-3 plays a pivotal role in influencing grain size and quality of rice by affecting cell division/expansion and storage substance accumulation,providing new insights into the function of PDIL family members in rice and enriching the genetic resources for rice breeding.
基金Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University Researchers,No.PNURSP2024R115.
文摘BACKGROUND Current concepts of beauty are increasingly subjective,influenced by the viewpoints of others.The aim of the study was to evaluate divergences in the perception of dental appearance and smile esthetics among patients,laypersons and dental practitioners.The study goals were to evaluate the influence of age,sex,education and dental specialty on the participants’judgment and to identify the values of different esthetic criteria.Patients sample included 50 patients who responded to a dental appearance questionnaire(DAQ).Two frontal photographs were taken,one during a smile and one with retracted lips.Laypersons and dentists were asked to evaluate both photographs using a Linear Scale from(0-10),where 0 represent(absolutely unaesthetic)and 10 represent(absolutely aesthetic).One-way analysis of variance(ANOVA)and t-test analysis were measured for each group.Most patients in the sample expressed satisfaction with most aspects of their smiles and dental appearance.Among laypersons(including 488 participants),47 pictures“with lips”out of 50 had higher mean aesthetic scores compared to pictures“without lips”.Among the dentist sample,90 dentists’perception towards the esthetic smile and dental appearance for photos“with lips”and“without lips”were the same for 23 out of 50 patients.Perception of smile aesthetics differed between patients,laypersons and dentists.Several factors can contribute to shape the perception of smile aesthetic.AIM To compare the perception of dental aesthetic among patients,laypersons,and professional dentists,to evaluate the impact of age,sex,educational background,and income on the judgments made by laypersons,to assess the variations in experience,specialty,age,and sex on professional dentists’judgment,and to evaluate the role of lips,skin shade and tooth shade in different participants’judgments.METHODS Patients sample included 50 patients who responded to DAQ.Two frontal photographs were taken:one during a smile and one with retracted lips.Laypersons and dentists were asked to evaluate both photographs using a Linear Scale from(0-10),where 0 represent(absolutely unaesthetic)and 10 represent(absolutely aesthetic).One-way ANOVA and t-test analysis were measured for each group.RESULTS Most patients in the sample expressed satisfaction with most aspects of their smiles and dental appearance.Among laypersons(including 488 participants),47 pictures“with lips”out of 50 had higher mean aesthetic scores compared to pictures“without lips”.Whereas among the dentist sample,90 dentists’perception towards the esthetic smile and dental appearance for photos“with lips”and“without lips”were the same for 23 out of 50 patients.Perception of smile aesthetics differed between patients,laypersons and dentists.CONCLUSION Several factors can contribute to shape the perception of smile aesthetic.
文摘This study aimed to clarify the appearance quality,sensory quality,and their relationship of different flue-cured tobacco varieties in Chenzhou,Hunan.A total of 183 samples of C3F-grade tobacco leaves were collected from Chenzhou from 2021 to 2023,and the relationship between the appearance quality and sensory quality was analyzed by the correlation analysis.The results showed that‘Yunyan 87’and‘K326’showcased the typical burnt-sweetness and bouquet-sweetness aroma in Nanling area,while‘Yunyan 301’,‘Xiangyan 5’,and‘Xiangyan 7’presented a bouquet-sweetness aroma.Maturity had a significantly negative correlation with the typical burnt-sweetness and bouquet-sweetness aroma.A suitable level of maturity was beneficial for highlighting the burnt-sweetness aroma of flue-cured tobacco in Chenzhou.The oil content,softness,and color difference between leaf front and back had significantly positive correlations with the aroma quality of tobacco.Maturity and leaf structure had significantly negative correlations with off-odours and irritating odour.In conclusion,‘Yunyan 87’and‘K326’in Chenzhou could manifest the burntsweetness and bouquet-sweetness aroma,and suitable maturity was conducive to the release of the burnt-sweetness aroma.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.31971843)the Technology System of Modern Agricultural Industry in Guangdong Province,China(Grant No.2020KJ105)+1 种基金the Guangzhou Science and Technology Project,Guangdong Province,China(Grant No.202103000075)the Special Rural Revitalization Funds of Guangdong Province,China(Grant No.2021KJ382)。
文摘Applying iodine fertilizers to cultivate iodine-rich crops for daily intake is an effective approach for iodine supplementation,especially for aromatic rice.Field experiments were conducted during the early growing seasons of 2021 and 2022 to evaluate the impacts of foliar application of iodine fertilizer on aromatic rice and to explore the optimal iodine fertilizer concentration.At the full heading stage,six different concentrations of sodium iodide solutions of 0%(CK),0.010%(T1),0.025%(T2),0.050%(T3),0.075%(T4),and 0.100%(T5)were applied to indica aromatic rice cultivars Meixiangzhan 2 and Xiangyaxiangzhan.The results showed that sodium iodide treatments significantly increased the iodine and sodium contents in both leaves and grains.Compared with the CK,the T1 and T2 treatments increased the 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline(2-AP)content in mature grains by 8.41%-101.66%and 13.58%-74.60%,respectively.Improvements in the contents of 1-pyrroline-5-carboxylic acid,proline,1-pyrroline,and methylglyoxal,as well as the activity of proline dehydrogenase were also detected.Additionally,sodium iodide treatments remarkably decreased the chalky grain rate,chalkiness area,and chalkiness degree of aromatic rice,with the T2 treatment exhibiting a 17.79%-47.42%decrease in chalkiness degree compared with the CK.Meanwhile,T1 and T2 treatments showed beneficial impacts on chlorophyll content,photosynthetic characteristics,and yield components,while T3,T4,and T5 treatments exhibited adverse effects on leaf and grain yields.The linear discriminant analysis revealed significant differences between treatments.The correlation analysis and piecewise structural equation modeling showed that the iodine and sodium influenced the photosynthetic characteristics and chlorophyll content of the leaves,thereby regulating the 2-AP biosynthesis and yield components,ultimately affecting the 2-AP content and yield.Overall,this study suggests that foliar application of 0.025%sodium iodide is an effective method to enrich the iodine content in rice grains,improve the grain aroma and appearance quality of aromatic rice,without detrimental effects on grain yield.
基金supported by the Ministry of Education of Humanities and Social Science project(2022YJA190006)Research Program Funds of the Collaborative Innovation Center of Assessment toward Basic Education Quality at Beijing Normal University(2023-04-010-BZPKO1).
文摘Background:To reduce adolescents’social anxiety,the study integrates external factors(social media usage)with internal factors(imaginary audience and appearance-based self-esteem)to internal mechanisms of adolescents’social anxiety in the Internet age based on objective self-awareness theory and self-esteem importance weighting model.Methods:Utilizing the Social Media Usage Intensity Scale,Social Anxiety Scale,imaginary Audience Scale,and Physical Self Questionnaire,we surveyed 400 junior high school students from three schools in Hubei province,China.Results:A significantly positive correlation is revealed between the intensity of social media usage and both social anxiety and imaginary audience(p<0.001).Conversely,social media usage intensity and appearance self-esteem are significantly negatively correlated(p<0.001).Additionally,the perception of an imaginary audience was negatively correlated with appearance self-esteem(p<0.001).Furthermore,we found that imaginary audience(indirect effect of 0.14,95%CI=[0.02,0.07])and appearance self-esteem(indirect effect of 0.14,95%CI=[0.02,0.07])can respectively act as independent mediators between social networking site use intensity and social anxiety,Additionally,the relationship between imaginary audience and appearance self-esteem can also be chain-mediated(indirect effect of 0.03,95%CI=[0.00,0.02])separately affect the relationship between the two.Conclusion:The imaginary audience serves as an independent mediator that links social media usage intensity to social anxiety among adolescents.Additionally,the observed chain mediation effect involving both the imaginary audience and appearance self-esteem provides novel insights for developing strategies aimed at addressing adolescent social anxiety.
基金This work was supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 30571198) and the Science and Technology Office of Zhejiang Province (No. 2004C2020-2 and No. 011102471).
文摘A factorial mating design in two environments was conducted using 7 cytoplasmic male sterile lines （A） and 5 restorer lines （R） along with their F1 （A × R） and F2 populations. The unconditional and conditional analyses of genetic models and the corresponding statistic methods, including endospermic, cytoplasmic, and maternal plant genetic systems, were used to analyze the genetic relationships between protein content （PC） and the appearance quality traits of indica rice （Oryza sativa L.）. The results from unconditional analysis indicated that PC was significantly correlated with the appearance quality traits of rice, except for the brown rice thickness （BRT）. Only the genetic covariance between PC and the brown rice width （BRW） was positively correlative, whereas all the other pairwise traits were negatively correlative. The results from conditional analysis revealed that the weight of brown rice （WBR） or the amylose content （AC） could significantly affect the relationships between PC and the appearance quality traits of indica rice. The conditional analysis showed that WBR might negatively affect the relationships between PC and the brown rice length （BRL）, BRW, or BRT through the geuotype x environmental （GE） interaction effects, but positively affected the relationships between PC and the ratio of brown rice length to width （RLW） or the ratio of brown rice length to thickness （RLT）. The amylase content could positively affect the relationships between PC and BRL, RLW, RLT through the cytoplasmic effects and maternal additive effects, but negatively affected the relationships between PC and BRW.
基金The National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.60972001)the Science and Technology Plan of Suzhou City(No.SG201076)
文摘The integration of the Lab model with the extended histogram of oriented gradients （EHOG） is proposed to improve the accuracy of human appearance matching across disjoint camera views under perturbations such as illumination changes and different viewing angles. For the Lab model that describes the global information of observations, a sorted nearest neighbor clustering method is proposed for color clustering and then a partitioned color matching method is used to calculate the color similarity between observations. The Bhattacharya distance is employed for the textural similarity calculation of the EHOG which describes the local information. The global information, which is robust to different viewing angles and scale changes, describes the observations well. Meanwhile, the use of local information, which is robust to illumination changes, can strengthen the discriminative ability of the method. The integration of global and local information improves the accuracy and robustness of the proposed matching approach. Experiments are carried out indoors, and the results show a high matching accuracy of the proposed method.
文摘With changing rural architectural environment as the focus of new rural construction, the paper had pointed out it was lack of researches on color planning of overall structures in new countryside. On this basis, by making use of relevant softwares, it had conducted color abstraction on current typical rural appearance; analyzed the color of rural nature, artificial environment and cultural environment in accordance with international standard of Natural Color System; and then concluded color context of rural appearance. It proposed that color control could be conducted on rural appearance from macroscopic, medium and microcosmic perspective by taking advantage of color planning in new rural appearance construction, so as to build a new rural color system, create modern new rural appearance reflecting regional characteristic and integrating with the natural environment, preserve artificial color of traditional ancient villages, coordinate colors in villages with architectures of different ages, finally realizing reshaping of Chinese people's spiritual hometown.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.51075341)the National Basic Research Program (973) of China (No.2011CB711105)
文摘In this paper,a modeling method for a pantograph-catenary system is put forward to investigate the dynamic contact behavior in space,taking into consideration of the appearance characteristics of the contact surfaces of the pantograph and catenary.The dynamic performance of the pantograph-catenary system,including contact forces,accelerations,and the corresponding spectra,is analyzed.Furthermore,with the modeling method,the influences of contact wire irregularity and the vibration caused by the front pantograph on the rear pantograph for a pantograph-catenary system with double pantographs are investigated.The results show that the appearance characteristics of the contact surfaces play an important role in the dynamic contact behavior.The appearance characteristics should be considered to reasonably evaluate the dynamic performance of the pantograph-catenary system.
基金funded by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2016YFD0100301)Project for Cultivating New Transgenic Varieties (2016ZX08009003-004)+2 种基金the Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Program and the Cooperation and Innovation Mission (CAAS-ZDXT202001)Open Fund of Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Grain Industry (HCICGI2020-06)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (U19A2025 and 31870229)。
文摘Appearance and cooked rice elongation are key quality traits of rice. Although some QTL for these traits have been identified, understanding of the genetic relationship between them remains limited. In the present study, large phenotypic variation was observed in 760 accessions from the 3 K Rice Genomes Project for both appearance quality and cooked rice elongation. Most component traits of appearance quality and cooked rice elongation showed significant pairwise correlations, but a low correlation was found between appearance quality and cooked rice elongation. A genome-wide association study identified 74 QTL distributed on all 12 chromosomes for grain length, grain width, length to width ratio, degree of endosperm with chalkiness, rice elongation difference, and elongation index. Thirteen regions containing QTL stably expressed in multiple environments and/or exerting pleiotropic effects on multiple traits were detected. By gene-based association analysis and haplotype analysis, 46 candidate genes, including five cloned genes, and 49 favorable alleles were identified for these 13 QTL. The effect of the candidate gene Wx on rice elongation difference was validated by a transgenic strategy. These results shed light on the genetic bases of appearance quality and cooked rice elongation and provide gene resources for improving rice quality by molecular breeding.
文摘Objective To evaluate the normal appearance of large field diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) on 3.0T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Methods Twenty healthy volunteers and thirty patients with benign prostate hyperplasia were included in this study. All patients were examined with large field DWI on 3.0T MRI. Normal tissue appearance was analyzed and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) of normal tissue with high signal intensity was measured. The ADC values of bilateral symmetrical tissue were also compared. The ADC values of intervertebral disks of healthy people younger than 50 years and exceeding 50 years were compared. Results Salivary gland, spleen, kidney, gallbladder, bladder, prostate, seminal vesicle, testis, intervertebral disk, liquid in articular cavity and lymph node showed high signal intensity on large field DWI, while lung, liver and bone showed hypo-signal intensity. The mean ADC values of partial hyperintensity tissue were as followed: parotid gland (1.088 ± 0.114) ×10-3 mm2/s, submaxillary gland (1.309 ± 0.189) ×10-3 mm2/s, kidney (1.909 ± 0.143) ×10-3 mm2/s, seminal vesicle (1.669 ± 0.168) ×10-3 mm2/s, testis (1.028 ± 0.075) ×10-3 mm2/s, spleen (0.963 ± 0.108) ×10-3 mm2/s, bladder (2.898 ± 0.267) ×10-3 mm2/s, prostate (1.448 ± 0.132) ×10-3 mm2/s, intervertebral disks (1.360 ± 0.140) ×10-3 mm2/s. No statistical significance was found between the ADC values of bilateral symmetrical tissues. The difference of ADC values of intervertebral disks of healthy people younger than 50 years [(1.372 ± 0.142) ×10-3 mm2/s] and exceeding 50 years [(1.344 ± 0.134) ×10-3 mm2/s] showed statistical significance (P = 0.040). Conclusion Understanding the high signal intensity of normal tissue on large field DWI may help to differentiate the normal tissues and abnormal ones.
基金Funded by the Science and Technology Foundation of Beijing Municipal Education Commission (KM200410016004)
文摘The effects of different curing systems on the properties of high volume fine mineral powder RPC （reactive powder concrete） and the appearances of hydrates were studied. The experimental results show that dry-heating curing promotes the development of pozzolanic reactivity of fine mineral powder; due to low cement content, 0.20 water-bind ratio and high reactive fine mineral powder content, the strength of RPC increases by around 200% after steam curing and subsequent dry-heating curing. Scanning electron microscopy and energy spectrum diagram showed that： after the high volume fine mineral powder RPC with 0.16 water-bind ratio underwent steam curing and dry-heating curing, there was no significant change in the appearance of hydrates; after the RPC with 0.20 water-bind ratio, the cement content of 150 kg/m3 and more steel slag powder underwent dry-heating curing, there was a certain change in the appearance of C-S-H, the structure of gel was more compact and was uniformly distributed, and the Ca/Si of C-S-H gel decreased from 1.41 to around 1.20.
基金Supported by The National Center for Global Health and Medicine
文摘Acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS)-related lymphoma (ARL) remains the main cause of AIDS-related deaths in the highly active anti-retroviral therapy (HAART) era. Recently, rearrangement of MYC is associated with poor prognosis in patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. Here, we report a rare case of gastrointestinal (GI)-ARL with MYC rearrangements and coinfected with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection presenting with various endoscopic findings. A 38-yearold homosexual man who presented with anemia and was diagnosed with an human immunodeficiency virus infection for the first time. GI endoscopy revealed multiple dish-like lesions, ulcerations, bloody spots, nodular masses with active bleeding in the stomach, erythematous flat lesions in the duodenum, and multiple nodular masses in the colon and rectum. Magnified endoscopy with narrow band imaging showed a honeycomb-like pattern without irregular microvessels in the dish-like lesions of the stomach. Biopsy specimens from the stomach, duodenum, colon, and rectum revealed diffuse large B-cell lymphoma concomitant with EBV infection that was detected by high tissue EBV-polymerase chain reaction levels and Epstein-Barr virus small RNAs in situ hybridization. Fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis revealed a fusion between the immunoglobulin heavy chain (IgH) and c-MYC genes, but not between the IgH and BCL2 loci. After 1-mo of treatment with HAART and R-CHOP, endoscopic appearance improved remarkably, and the histological features of the biopsy specimens revealed no evidence of lymphoma. However, he died from multiple organ failure on the 139 th day after diagnosis. The cause of his poor outcome may be related to MYC rearrangement. The GI tract involvement in ARL is rarely reported, and its endoscopic findings are various and may be different from those in non-AIDS GI lymphoma; thus, we also conducted a literature review of GI-ARL cases.
基金Project supported by the Ministry of Science and Technology of China (2006BAC02A06)
文摘Cerium is one of the most abundant rare earth elements in both bastnasite and monazite. Ceria has been widely used in optical, catalytic, electrolyte, and sensor materials, with unique performances. With the development of functional materials, great interest has been focused on the synthesis and characterization of specific fine/mesoporous ceria powder. In this study, the modified precipitation and recrystallization processes combined with a controlled calcination process for fabricating the ceria with large particle size and high appearance density was reported. During precipitation, a certain amount of mineral acid such as nitric acid served as an additive, to adjust the precipitation and crystallization processes of cerium oxalates. An appropriate acidic condition could lead the process into the Oswald ripening stage and made the particles become bigger. Thus, the appearance density of powder was increased. The optimized conditions, such as the temperature, feeding speed, type and concentration of mineral acids, and the concentration of cerium-contained stock solution, were investigated and evaluated.
基金The projcct was carried out in the farm and laboratory of Rice Research Institute of Iran(RRII)in Rasht
文摘This study was conducted to generate genetic information in rice varieties based on a complete diallel crosses over two years. The results indicated that genotype effect was significant for all traits. Genotype × environment interaction effects were significant only for cooked grain length （CGL） and cooked grain shape （CGSH）. General combining ability （GCA） and specific combining ability （SCA） effects were significant for entire traits, which indicated the important roles of both additive and non-additive gene actions. GCA x environment interaction effects were significant for CGL, CGSH and grain elongation index （GEI）. In the controlling of the inheritance of milled grain shape （GSH）, milled grain width （MGW）, GEI, milled grain length （MGL）, CGSH and cooked grain width （CGW）, the additive gene effects were more important than non-additive one. The average degree of dominance was within the range of partial dominance for all of the traits. The narrow-sense heritability was ranged from 0.65 （GSH） to 0.36 （CGL）. GCA effects were significant for all of the parents in milled grain length and it was significant for some of the parents in other traits. The crosses of Deilmani × IRFAON-215 exhibited significant SCA for GEI. The positive mean of heterosis was observed for CGW. The highest maximum values of heterosis were revealed in GEI, flowed by GSH, MGW and CGW. GCA and MPV were significantly and positively correlated together for all traits.
基金supported by the grants from the Project of the National Agriculture and Food Research Organization Bio-oriented Technology Research Advancement Institution in Japan(the Special Scheme to Create Dynamism in Agriculture,Forestry and Fisheries through Deploying Highly Advanced Technology)(Grant No.shoNavi1000)。
文摘To clarify the optimal water management in large-scale fields under high temperatures at the ripening period,effective water managements during this period for improvement of yield,appearance quality and palatability were investigated.Compared with intermittent irrigation and flooded irrigation,the soil temperature with saturated irrigation remained low throughout the day,and the decrease rate of the bleeding rate of hills was the lowest.These results suggested that the saturated irrigation maintained root activity.For the three irrigation types,the number of spikelets per m2 and 1000-grain weight were similar,however,saturated irrigation resulted in significantly higher rice yield due to improvement in the percentage of ripened grains.The saturated irrigation produced a high percentage of perfect rice grains and thicker brown rice grain,furthermore,the palatability of cooked rice was excellent because protein content and hardness/adhesion ratio were both low.Thus,under high-temperature ripening conditions,soil temperature was lowered and root activity was maintained when applying saturated irrigation after heading time.The results indicated that saturated irrigation is an effective countermeasure against high-temperature ripening damage.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31971914)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2016YFD0100501)+3 种基金the Key Research and Development Program of Jiangsu Province,China(BE2018357)the Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars of Jiangsu Province,China(BK20200045)the Jiangsu Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Fund(CX(18)1001)the Jiangsu PAPD Talent Project,and the Yong Elite Scientists Sponsorship Program by China Association for Science and Technology(2018QNRC001).
文摘The panicle architecture and grain size of rice affect not only grain yield but also grain quality,especially grain appearance.The erect-panicle(EP)trait controlled by the qpe9-1/dep1 allele has been widely used in high-yielding japonica rice breeding,but usually accompanied with moderate appearance of milled rice.The null gs9 allele shows a good potential for improving grain shape and appearance.However,GS9 and qPE9-1/DEP1 loci are tightly linked,and their interaction is unclear,which obviously restricts their utilization in modern rice breeding.In the present study,comparative analyses of protein and mRNA levels revealed that GS9 and qPE9-1 function independently.Three nearisogenic lines(NILs)carrying various allelic combinations of these two loci,NIL(gs9/qpe9-1),NIL(GS9/qPE9-1)and NIL(gs9/qPE9-1),in the EP japonica cultivar 2661(GS9/qpe9-1)background were developed for genetic interaction analysis.GS9 and qPE9-1 had additive effects on determining grain size,and the null gs9 allele could decrease grain chalkiness and improve grain appearance without affecting plant and panicle architecture in EP japonica cultivars.Additionally,introgression lines(ILs)developed in another released EP japonica cultivar Wuyujing 27(WYJ27)background showed the same additive effect and the feasibility of utilizing the gs9 allele to improve grain appearance quality in high-yielding EP cultivars.This study provides an effective strategy for rice breeders to improve rice grain appearance in EP japonica and related cultivars.
基金This paper was translated from its Chinese version in Chinese Journal of Rice Science.
文摘To elucidate the relationship between ethylene evolution from the grains and the appearance quality of rice, ten different rice genotypes were used to determine the ethylene evolution rate, 1-aminocylopropane-1-carboxylic acid （ACC） concentration in grains during grain filling and the appearance quality of rice, and the effects of chemical regulators on concentrations of ethylene and ACC in the grains during grain filling were also investigated to verify the roles of ethylene in the rice quality formation. The ethylene evolution rates and ACC concentrations in grains during the mid and late grain filling stages were very significantly and positively correlated with chalky kernel percentage and chalkiness. The cultivars with a low ACC concentration in grains exhibited a close amyloplast arrangement and small space between starch granules, whereas those with a high ACC concentration in grains showed a loose arrangement and wide space between the granules. Application of 1 μmol/L ACC to panicles at mid and late grain filling stages significantly loosened amyloplast arrangement and increased chalky kernel percentage, chalky area and chalkiness, and the results were reversed when 1 μmol/L amino-ethoxyvinylglycine, an inhibitor of ACC synthesis enzyme, was applied to panicles. A practice of moderate dry-wet alternate irrigation reduced ethylene evolution and ACC concentration in grains and thereby reduced chalkiness. The results suggested that ethylene and ACC in grains play an important role in the endosperm structure and appearance quality of rice, and the appearance quality would be improved by reducing ethylene evolution and ACC in grains through either variety breeding and selection, or chemical regulations or cultivation techniques.
基金co-supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 51235004, 51375235)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (No. NE2014103) of ChinaPriority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions (PAPD) of China
文摘（TiCp＋ TiBw）/Ti-6Al-4V titanium matrix composites（PTMCs） have broad application prospects in the aviation and nuclear field. However, it is a typical difficult-to-cut material due to high hardness of the reinforcements, high strength and low thermal conductivity of Ti-6Al-4V alloy matrix. Grinding experiments with vitrified CBN wheels were conducted to analyze comparatively the grinding performance of PTMCs and Ti-6Al-4V alloy. Grinding force and force ratios, specific grinding energy, grinding temperature, surface roughness, ground surface appearance were discussed. The results show that the normal grinding force and the force ratios of PTMCs are much larger than that of Ti-6Al-4V alloy. Low depth of cut and high workpiece speed are generally beneficial to achieve the precision ground surface for PTMCs. The hard reinforcements of PTMCs are mainly removed in the ductile mode during grinding. However, the removal phenomenon of the reinforcements due to brittle fracture still exists, which contributes to the lower specific grinding energy and grinding temperature of PTMCs than Ti-6Al-4V alloy.
