Neuroinflammation is an inflammatory response in the central nervous system associated with various neurological conditions.The inflammatory process is typically treated with non-steroidal and steroidal anti-inflammat...Neuroinflammation is an inflammatory response in the central nervous system associated with various neurological conditions.The inflammatory process is typically treated with non-steroidal and steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs,which have a range of serious adverse effects.As an alternative,naturally derived molecules such as quercetin and its derivatives show promising anti-inflammatory properties and beneficial effects on various physiological functions.Our objective was to synthesize the evidence on the anti-inflammatory effect of quercetin and its derivatives in in vivo models,in the face of neuroinflammatory insults induced by lipopolysaccharide,through a systematic review and meta-analysis.A search of the preclinical literature was conducted across four databases(Pub Med,Web of Science,Scielo,and Google Scholar).Studies were selected based on inclusion and exclusion criteria,assessed for methodological quality using CAMARADES,and risk of bias using the SYRCLE tool,and data were extracted from the studies.The quantitative assessment of quercetin effects on the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and microgliosis was performed through a meta-analysis.A total of 384 potentially relevant articles were identified,of which 11 studies were included in the analysis.The methodological quality was assessed,resulting in an average score of 5.8/10,and the overall risk of bias analysis revealed a lack of methodological clarity in most studies.Furthermore,through the meta-analysis,it was observed that treatment with quercetin statistically reduces pro-inflammatory cytokines,such as tumor necrosis factor alpha,interleukin 6,interleukin 1β(n=89;SMD=–2.00;95%CI:–3.29 to–0.71),and microgliosis(n=33;SMD=–2.56;95%CI:–4.07 to–1.10).In terms of underlying mechanisms,quercetin and its derivatives exhibit antioxidant and anti-apoptotic properties,possibly through the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2(Nrf2)/HO-1 pathways,increasing the expression of antioxidant enzymes and reducing reactive species,and modulating the caspase pathway,increasing levels of anti-apoptotic proteins and decreasing proapoptotic proteins.Quercetin and its derivatives exhibit highly pleiotropic actions that simultaneously contribute to preventing neuroinflammation.However,despite promising results in animal models,future directions should focus on well-designed clinical studies to assess the safety,bioavailability,and efficacy of quercetin and its derivatives in humans.Additionally,standardization of methods and dosages in studies is crucial to ensure consistency of findings and optimize their application in clinical settings.展开更多
Heat stress hinders the growth and productivity of sweetpotato plants,predominantly through oxidative damage to cellular membranes.Therefore,the development of efficient approaches for mitigating heat-related impairme...Heat stress hinders the growth and productivity of sweetpotato plants,predominantly through oxidative damage to cellular membranes.Therefore,the development of efficient approaches for mitigating heat-related impairments is essential for the long-term production of sweetpotatoes.Melatonin has been recognised for its capacity to assist plants in dealing with abiotic stress conditions.This research aimed to investigate how different doses of exogenous melatonin influence heat damage in sweetpotato plants.Heat stress drastically affected shoot and root fresh weight by 31.8 and 44.5%,respectively.This reduction resulted in oxidative stress characterised by increased formation of hydrogen peroxide(H_(2)O_(2))by 804.4%,superoxide ion(O_(2)^(·-))by 211.5%and malondialdehyde(MDA)by 234.2%.Heat stress also reduced chlorophyll concentration,photosystemⅡefficiency(F_v/F_m)by 15.3%and gaseous exchange.However,pre-treatment with 100μmol L^(-1)melatonin increased growth and reduced oxidative damage to sweetpotato plants under heat stress.In particular,melatonin decreased H_(2)O_(2),O_(2)^(·-)and MDA by 64.8%,42.7%and 38.2%,respectively.Melatonin also mitigated the decline in chlorophyll levels and improved stomatal traits,gaseous exchange and F_(v)/F_(m)(13%).Results suggested that the favorable outcomes of melatonin treatment can be associated with elevated antioxidant enzyme activity and an increase in non-enzymatic antioxidants and osmo-protectants.Overall,these findings indicate that exogenous melatonin can improve heat stress tolerance in sweetpotatoes.This stu dy will assist re searchers in further investigating how melatonin makes sweetpotatoes more resistant to heat stress.展开更多
NiTi alloy has been widely used as orthopedic implant materials due to its unique shape memory properties and superelasticity.However,implantation failure often occurs because of the poor antibacterial ability,antioxi...NiTi alloy has been widely used as orthopedic implant materials due to its unique shape memory properties and superelasticity.However,implantation failure often occurs because of the poor antibacterial ability,antioxidation property and corrosion resistance of the NiTi alloy.In order to overcome the above problems,we constructed Zn/polydopamine(PDA)/Chitosan-Catechol(CS-C)composite coating on the surface of NiTi alloy in this paper.The surface morphology and wettability of the coating were characterized by scanning electron microscopy(SEM)and optical contact angle measuring instrument,respectively.The results showed that the Zn/CS-C coating was successfully prepared,and exhibited good hydrophilic property,especially the sample Zn/PDA/CS-C-24 h.In addition,the corrosion resistance,antioxidation property and biological properties of the coating were systematically analyzed.The results indicated that the Zn/PDA/CS-C composite coating exhibited good corrosion resistance and antibacterial property,antioxidant property and osteogenic activity,especially sample Zn/PDA/CS-C-24 h.The sample Zn/PDA/CS-C-24 h could effectively protect osteoblasts from reactive oxygen species(ROS)damage and promote cell proliferation and osteoblast differentiation.This study provides a feasible and effective strategy for the surface modification of orthopedic implant.展开更多
Consumers are increasingly demanding natural colorants that are safe and offer health benefits.In addition to their ornamental characteristics,Kanzan cherry(KC)blossoms present a promising source of red-hued natural c...Consumers are increasingly demanding natural colorants that are safe and offer health benefits.In addition to their ornamental characteristics,Kanzan cherry(KC)blossoms present a promising source of red-hued natural colorants and functional bioactive substances.This research utilized distilled water to extract KC petals(KCP)and their ground powders(KCPP)under varying temperatures(30℃–90℃)and times(30–180 min).The total monomeric anthocyanins(TMAC)and total phenolics(TPC)in the extracts were evaluated via the pH differential and Folin–Ciocalteu methods.Antioxidant capacities were assessed by DPPH free radical scavenging ability and reducing power.Results indicated that the optimal extraction of TMAC and TPC from KCP occurred at 90℃ for 30 min,and the resulting extracts exhibited the highest antioxidant activities among all tested temperatures and durations.Compared to different particle sizes,the finest KCPP generally produced extracts with the highest TMAC,TPC,and antioxidant activity,due to enhanced mass and heat transfer.When compared with the acidified alcohol method,hot water extraction resulted in 68.23%and 71.41%TMAC yields for petals and powders,respectively,while TPC levels were similar or higher.TMAC or TPC showed a significantly positive correlation(p<0.01)with the antioxidant activities.These findings demonstrate that hot water extraction is a viable and environmentally friendly alternative for phytochemical recovery from KC.Additionally,elevated extraction temperature and pH accelerated anthocyanin degradation and shortened its half-life,while higher pH also lowered the activation energy,enthalpy,entropy,and Gibbs free energy.Thus,red–orange KC extracts with rich bioactivity may serve as promising ingredients for functional foods having acidic pH levels.展开更多
As a novel two-dimensional(2D)material,MXenes are anticipated to have a significant impact on future aqueous energy storage and conversion technologies owing to their unique intrinsic laminar structure and exceptional...As a novel two-dimensional(2D)material,MXenes are anticipated to have a significant impact on future aqueous energy storage and conversion technologies owing to their unique intrinsic laminar structure and exceptional physicochemical properties.Nevertheless,the fabrication and utilization of functional MXenebased devices face formidable challenges due to their susceptibility to oxidative degradation in aqueous solutions.This review begins with an outline of various preparation techniques for MXenes and their implications for structure and surface chemistry.Subsequently,the controversial oxidation mechanisms are discussed,followed by a summary of currently employed oxidation characterization techniques.Additionally,the factors influencing MXene oxidation are then introduced,encompassing chemical composition(types of M,X elements,layer numbers,terminations,and defects)as well as environment(atmosphere,temperature,light,potential,solution pH,free water and O_(2)content).The review then shifts its focus to strategies aiming to prevent or delay MXene oxidation,thereby expanding the applicability of MXenes in complex environments.Finally,the challenges and prospects within this rapidly-growing research field are presented to promote further advancements of MXenes in aqueous storage systems.展开更多
Nickel(Ni)toxicity significantly impairs plant growth,photosynthesis,and metabolism by inducing oxidative stress.This study evaluates the potential of exogenous Alpha-Ketoglutarate(AKG)in mitigating Ni-induced stress ...Nickel(Ni)toxicity significantly impairs plant growth,photosynthesis,and metabolism by inducing oxidative stress.This study evaluates the potential of exogenous Alpha-Ketoglutarate(AKG)in mitigating Ni-induced stress in Peganum harmala L.Seedlings were exposed to 0,200,500,and 750μM NiCl2,with or without AKG supplementation.Under 750μM Ni stress,dry weight(DW)decreased by 33.7%,tissue water content(TWC)by 39.9%,and chlorophyll a and total chlorophyll levels were reduced by 17%and 15%,respectively.Ni exposure also significantly increased secondary metabolite production,with leaf anthocyanin content rising by 131%,and superoxide dismutase(SOD)and catalase(CAT)activities increasing by 228%and 53%,respectively,in roots at 500μM Ni.AKG treatment alleviated Ni toxicity by enhancing TWC by 39%and promoting root and shoot growth.Additionally,AKG treatment boosted the synthesis of phenolic compounds and flavonoids,contributing to improved tolerance against Ni stress.These findings demonstrate the potential of AKG in enhancing Ni tolerance in P.harmala,suggesting its promising role in bioremediation of metal-contaminated soils.This is the first study to report the beneficial effects of exogenous AKG in alleviating nickel toxicity in P.harmala L.,offering a new approach for improving plant resilience to heavy metal stress.展开更多
Heavy metal pollution has become a pervasive environmental issue affecting numerous regions worldwide.Recently,there has been significant attention given to the application of nano-enabled technologies with the purpos...Heavy metal pollution has become a pervasive environmental issue affecting numerous regions worldwide.Recently,there has been significant attention given to the application of nano-enabled technologies with the purpose of enhancing plant development and alleviating heavy metal stress.This study aimed to illustrate the potential of zinc oxide nanoparticles(ZnO-NPs)to enhance the morphological traits of D.huoshenense exposed to cadmium(Cd)stress.The chemical structure and elemental composition of the ZnO-NPs were characterised by a series of analytical methods,including X-ray diffraction,UV-Vis spectrometry,XPS,andTEM.Plant samples usedwere collected at 0,5,and 15 days in order to assess physiological and biochemical parameters under different Cd treatments.ZnONPs administered in pot experiments have been shown to enhance plant proliferation through the modulation of Cd enrichment levels.The results revealed that ZnO-NPs enhanced plant growth by increasing soluble sugars and proline levels,enhancing activities of antioxidant enzymes(SOD,POD,CAT,APX)and reducing electrolyte leakage(EL)and malondialdehyde(MDA)content.Furthermore,ZnO-NPs enhanced the net photosynthetic rate,transpiration,stomatal conductance,and chlorophyll content in leaves subjected to Cd stress at the 10-day sampling stage.Exogenous ZnO-NPs significantly elevated the expression of genes associated with flavonoid biosynthesis,potentially facilitating the accumulation of medicinal compounds to mitigate Cd stress.Taken together,these findings provide a novel perspective on the strategies employed by medicinal plants in response to Cd.展开更多
[Objectives]This study was conducted to investigate the regulatory effects of selenium(Se)on the content and balance of endogenous hormones and the function of antioxidant system during seed development in Red sandalw...[Objectives]This study was conducted to investigate the regulatory effects of selenium(Se)on the content and balance of endogenous hormones and the function of antioxidant system during seed development in Red sandalwood(Pterocarpus santalinus).[Methods]Two basic treatments,seven single-fertilization treatments,and four combined fertilization treatments were designed.Sampling was conducted at 2,5,8,and 18 weeks after flower withering to measure the embryo abortion percentage(EAP),the contents of three endogenous hormones(IAA,GA_(3),ABA),and the activities of four antioxidant enzymes(CAT,APX,SOD,GR).[Results]Se application significantly inhibited embryo abortion in Red sandalwood,with Na_(2)SeO_(3)[Se(IV)]showing superior effects to Na_(2)SeO_(3)(Se(VI))and far exceeding the efficacy of individual applications of KCl,H_(3)BO_(3),CO(NH_(2))_(2),Ca(H_(2)PO_(4))_(2),NPK compound fertilizer,or EFOF.The combined treatment of Se with NPK compound fertilizer and EFOF[EFOF+NPK compound fertilizer+Se(IV)]was the most effective,reducing the abortion percentage by 77.8%compared with UMC at 18 weeks after flower withering.Se application significantly increased the levels of three endogenous hormones and the(IAA+GA_(3))/ABA ratio in Red sandalwood seeds(including the embryonic stage).In the optimal treatment,the(IAA+GA_(3))content was 240.7%,256.4%,353.7%,and 502.9%higher than that of UMC at 2,5,8,and 18 weeks after flower withering,respectively.Se application also concurrently enhanced antioxidant enzyme activities,with all four antioxidant enzymes in seeds of Se-treated plants showing significant increases.Notably,the selenoenzyme GR maintained considerably high activity even at 18 weeks after flower withering.The EAP was highly significantly negatively correlated with IAA content and GR activity,identifying IAA and(IAA+GA_(3))content as key hormonal indicators and GR as the core antioxidant enzyme,together constituting the central regulatory factors.The results indicate that Se suppresses embryo abortion in Red sandalwood through a dual regulatory pathway:by elevating IAA and GA_(3)levels along with the(IAA+GA_(3))/ABA ratio to optimize hormonal signaling networks,and by enhancing the activities of antioxidant enzymes such as GR to alleviate oxidative stress induced by cool-season low temperatures.[Conclusions]This study provides a theoretical basis and technical strategy for precision fertilization and stress resistance management in the cultivation of Red sandalwood.展开更多
[Objective] The paper aims to study the effects of drought stress on antioxidation system of different Citrus rootstock leaves. [Method] Potted plant experiments were carried out to control the water content of soil i...[Objective] The paper aims to study the effects of drought stress on antioxidation system of different Citrus rootstock leaves. [Method] Potted plant experiments were carried out to control the water content of soil in pots,in order to investigate the effects of drought stress on antioxidation system activity （SOD,POD and CAT） and the content of protein,GSH,MDA and O-·2 from the leaves of Shandong Zhike,Ningminju,Yangshuojinbaosuanju,Huapijinju and Guizhi No.1. [Result] The content of chlorophyll a,chlorophyll b and chlorophyll （a＋b） from the test 5 breeds decreased with the enhancement of drought stress,and there were significant differences between them and the control under the severe stress; the activities of SOD,POD and CAT from the 5 breeds increased as the drought stress strengthened; the content of soluble protein declined while that of GSH,MDA and O-·2 rose because of the drought stress. [Conclusion] This research provided a good reference to choose the breeds of citrus rootstocks in arid and semi-arid areas.展开更多
[Objective] The mitigative effect of antioxidase system of a rice mutant with low chlorophyll b on photooxidative damage was studied.[Method] A rice mutant with low chlorophyll b and its wild type were taken as experi...[Objective] The mitigative effect of antioxidase system of a rice mutant with low chlorophyll b on photooxidative damage was studied.[Method] A rice mutant with low chlorophyll b and its wild type were taken as experimental materials to comparatively research their peroxide (H2O2) contents, the activity and isozymes of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and peroxidase (POD) in chloroplast.[Result] Compared with the wild type, there were many kinds of SOD, POD and CAT isozymes in leaf cells and chloroplast cell of mutant, and the activity of SOD, POD and CAT isozymes in leaf cells and chloroplast cell of mutant was also correspondingly higher. Under intense light condition, the H2O2 content of chloroplast in mutant was less than that in the wild type. [Conclusion] The higher activity of scavenging active oxygen can relieve the photooxidative damage made by excessive light energy of intense light on photosynthetic membrane, which is an important reason for higher photosystem Ⅱ (PS II) stability of this mutant.展开更多
[Objective] The aim was to study the antioxidant effect of polyphenols from pomegranate peel in vivo. [Method] The Kunming rats were randomly divided into a control group, a low-dose group, a middle-dose group and a h...[Objective] The aim was to study the antioxidant effect of polyphenols from pomegranate peel in vivo. [Method] The Kunming rats were randomly divided into a control group, a low-dose group, a middle-dose group and a high-dose group,n=10; the protein content, the activities of the superoxide dismutase（SOD） and the glutathione peroxidase（GSH-PX）, the content of the maleic dialdehyde（MDA） in serum and liver tissue of the rats from different groups were determined. [Result]The polyphenols of pomegranate peel could increase protein content, activities of superoxide dismutase（SOD） and glutathione peroxidase（GSH-PX） in serum and liver tissue, and decrease the maleic dialdehyde（MDA） content simultaneously. [Conclusion] Polyphenols of pomegranate peel have strong antioxidant activity in vivo.展开更多
[Objective] The aim was to compare contents of free and bound polyphenol and antioxidation of balsam pear in different varieties. [Method] Fourteen varieties of balsam pear were chosen to analyze total contents of fre...[Objective] The aim was to compare contents of free and bound polyphenol and antioxidation of balsam pear in different varieties. [Method] Fourteen varieties of balsam pear were chosen to analyze total contents of free or bound phenol and components of free phenol. FRAP （Freeic reducing/antioxidant power）, DPPH （1,1diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazy）, and ABTS ＋· （2, 2’-azinobis-3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid diammonium salt） were used to measure antioxidation and analyze relationship between polyphenol content and antioxidation. [Result] Among the fourteen varieties of balsam pear, free, bound and total phenols were 157.58 -382.92, 6.46 -54 and 175.27 -413.79 mg GAE/100 g DW; coefficients of variance were 23.50% , 61.04% and 21.58%, respectively; free phenol accounted for 91.34% of total phenol and bound phenol accounted for 8.66% ; contents of total flavone for the fourteen varieties were from 8.97 to 18.22 mg CE/100 g DW and the coefficient was at 22.80%; vanillic aldehyde acid, epicatechin and rutin differed in contents among different varieties, which changed in 1.83-9.29, 35.17-114.52 and 0.91-4.53 mg/100 g DW and the coefficients were 43.85%, 26.97% and 33.09%; FRAP antioxidation was at 272.16 -713.32 mg TE/100 g DW and coefficient at 27.67% ; IC 50 of DPPH and ABTS ＋· clearance were 11.43-34.14 and 21.57-119.71 mg GAE/100 g DW and coefficients were at 35.10% and 63.75% , accordingly; content of total phenol was of extremely positive correlation with FRAP （P0.01） and of extremely negative correlation with IC 50 of DPPH and ABTS ＋ · clearance （P0.01）. [Conclusion] Contents of phenolic compounds and antioxidation are of significant genotype differences; and phenolic substance and antioxidation are mainly in free form and phenolic substance is the major basis for antioxidation.展开更多
[Objective] The aim was to understand defense mechanism of pear after inoculated Botryosphaeria berengeriana f. sp. piricolan and mechanism of antioxidant enzymes of biocontrol bacteria. [Method] Pears were treated by...[Objective] The aim was to understand defense mechanism of pear after inoculated Botryosphaeria berengeriana f. sp. piricolan and mechanism of antioxidant enzymes of biocontrol bacteria. [Method] Pears were treated by Botryosphaeria berengeriana f. sp. piricolan and bio control bacteria, and the change of antioxidant enzymes were determined. [Result] The biocontrol bacteria had little effect on MDA;the content of MDA treated by B. berengeriana reached high peak in 48 h, was 10.22nmol/g which was 1.86 times of CK; the content of MDA treated by B. berengeriana and biocontrol bacteria reached high peak in 24 h, was 8.92 nmol/g which was1.62 times of CK. The content of SOD treated by biocontrol bacteria reached high peak in 48 h, was 126.69 U/[g（FW）·min] which was 1.54 times of CK; the contents of SOD treated by B. berengeriana as well as B. berengeriana and biocontrol bacteria reached high peak in 24 h, were 122.10 and 135.32 U/[g（FW）·min] which were 1.48 and 1.65 times of CK respectively; the contents of POD on biocontrol bacteria treatment, B. ana treatment as well as B. berengeriana and biocontrol bacteria treatment reached high peak in 24 h, were 385.34, 342.50 and 290.00 U/[g（FW）·min] which were 1.83, 1.62 and 1.38 times of CK respectively. The contents of CAT on biocontrol bacteria treatment, B. rengeriana treatment as well as B. berengeriana and biocontrol bacteria treatment reached high peak in 6 h, were 133.33,114.17 and 113.35 U/[g（FW）·min] which were 1.33, 1.14 and 1.13 times of CK respectively. The biocontrol bacteria had little difference in CK; the content of PPO of B. berengeriana treatment reached high peak in 12 h, was 81.86 U/[g（FW）·min]which was 1.76 times of CK; B. berengeriana and biocontrol bacteria treatment reached high peak in 24 h, was 70.00 U/[g（FW）·min] which was 1.50 times of CK.[Conclusion] B. berengeriana and biocontrol bacteria had more effect on MDA; both B. berengeriana and biocontrol bacteria could increase the excitation of SOD enzyme activity; both B. berengeriana and biocontrol bacteria could increase the excitation of POD enzyme activity; both B. berengeriana and biocontrol bacteria could increase the excitation of CAT enzyme activity; using biocontrol bacteria alone had not obvious effect on PPO, B. berengeriana could increase the excitation of PPO enzyme activity.展开更多
By pot experiment under artificially simulated water stress conditions, soluble protein content, MDA content and SOD, POD, CAT and APX activities in Malus sieversfi leaves were determined to reveal the response mechan...By pot experiment under artificially simulated water stress conditions, soluble protein content, MDA content and SOD, POD, CAT and APX activities in Malus sieversfi leaves were determined to reveal the response mechanism of M. sieversii to changes of relative soil water content. According to the results, with the decrease of relative soil water content, MDA content in M. sieversii leaves increased by mem- brane lipid peroxidation. Cells resist water stress-induced membrane lipid peroxidation and clear the increased reactive oxygen species by improving soluble protein content and SOD, POD, CAT and APX activities. However, various enzymes were involved in the response to water stress under different moisture conditions. In addition, the results indicated that M. sieversii had a good adaptability to higher relative soil water contents.展开更多
[Objectives]To evaluate the in vitro antibacterial,antioxidant,andα-glucosidase inhibitory activities of the ethanol total extract and four different polarity fractions(n-butanol,ethyl acetate,petroleum ether,and wat...[Objectives]To evaluate the in vitro antibacterial,antioxidant,andα-glucosidase inhibitory activities of the ethanol total extract and four different polarity fractions(n-butanol,ethyl acetate,petroleum ether,and water)of Pilea peltata Hance,so as to provide a reference for its further development and research.[Methods]The antibacterial activity of P.peltata was evaluated in vitro by determining the minimum inhibitory concentration(MIC)and minimum bactericidal concentration(MBC)of its ethanol total extract and four different polarity fractions against seven test bacterial strains using the broth microdilution method.The in vitro antioxidant activity was investigated through DPPH radical,hydroxyl radical,and superoxide anion radical scavenging assays,with vitamin C(Vit C)as the positive control and the half maximal scavenging concentration(IC 50)as the evaluation indicator.The in vitroα-glucosidase inhibitory activity was assessed by measuring the peak area of p-nitrophenol(PNP),the hydrolysis product of 4-nitrophenylα-D-glucopyranoside(PNPG),via high-performance liquid chromatography(HPLC),using the half maximal inhibitory concentration(IC 50)as the evaluation indicator.[Results]Both the ethanol total extract and the four different polarity fractions of P.peltata exhibited significant in vitro anti-Streptococcus pneumoniae activity.The DPPH radical scavenging capacities of the ethanol total extract and the various fractions were all weaker than that of VitC,with the order of efficacy being:n-butanol fraction>ethanol total extract>ethyl acetate fraction>petroleum ether fraction>aqueous fraction.For hydroxyl radical scavenging activity,the efficacy order of P.peltata fractions was:n-butanol extract>ethyl acetate extract>ethanol total extract>petroleum ether extract>aqueous extract.Notably,the n-butanol fraction(IC 50=0.068±0.001)demonstrated stronger activity than VitC(IC 50=0.097±0.001).The activity of the ethyl acetate fraction(IC 50=0.096±0.004)was comparable to that of VitC(IC 50=0.097±0.001).The superoxide anion scavenging capacities of the ethanol total extract and different polarity fractions from P.peltata were all weaker than that of VitC,with the order of efficacy being:n-butanol fraction>ethyl acetate fraction>ethanol total extract>petroleum ether fraction>aqueous fraction.The ethanol total extract and aqueous fraction of Pilea peltata showed no significant in vitroα-glucosidase inhibitory activity.Compared with the acarbose group,the IC 50 values of the ethyl acetate fraction and the n-butanol fraction both showed highly significant differences(P<0.01).[Conclusions]This study provides an experimental basis for the pharmacodynamic study and active component study of P.peltata.展开更多
Zingiber officinale Roscoe(ginger)is traditionally used as a culinary spice worldwide.In folklore medicine,raw and fresh ginger has been used for treating nausea and vomiting,to improve liver function and digestion,an...Zingiber officinale Roscoe(ginger)is traditionally used as a culinary spice worldwide.In folklore medicine,raw and fresh ginger has been used for treating nausea and vomiting,to improve liver function and digestion,antidiarrheal,to treat menstrual cramps,and as an aphrodisiac.Zingerone[4-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-2-butanone]is the major bioactive ingredient present in ginger.Zingerone has shown a wide-range of pharmacological activities in vitro and in vivo studies.While zingerone is present in small amount in fresh ginger,but its level is increased during drying or heating during cooking.The amount of zingerone increases significantly due to the conversion of gingerol into zingerone through retro-aldol reaction.Owing to its strong antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties,zingerone has the ability to scavenge reactive oxygen species and to assist in curing a wide array of non-communicable diseases associated with oxidative stress such as diabetes mellitus,obesity,cardiometabolic and cardiovascular disorders,neurological abnormalities,osteoarthritic,and certain cancer types.For this review,extensive literature searches were performed using PubMed,Google Scholar,Science Direct,and other search engines.The major aims of our review are to describe the chemical characteristics of zingerone as well as the various in vitro and in vivo studies reported regarding the pharmacological effects of zingerone and the mechanism of action observed at the cellular and molecular levels.The results of published preclinical and few clinical studies suggest that zingerone has several promising therapeutic applications due to its strong antioxidant,antiinflammatory and anti-proliferative activities without any serious side effects.However,well-designed,randomized,placebo-controlled,and multi-center clinical studies are needed to determine the optimal therapeutic doses,and longterm safety of zingerone.展开更多
Early knee osteoarthritis(KOA)is characterized by progressive degeneration of the articular cartilage,synovial inflammation,and excessive accumulation of reactive oxygen species(ROS).At present,intra-articular injecti...Early knee osteoarthritis(KOA)is characterized by progressive degeneration of the articular cartilage,synovial inflammation,and excessive accumulation of reactive oxygen species(ROS).At present,intra-articular injection of hyaluronic acid(HA)is widely used to alleviate symptoms;however,its lubrication persistence,antioxidant,and anti-inflammatory abilities are limited,and it is difficult to effectively delay the early process of cartilage degeneration.Based on this,hyaluronic acid-g-lipoic acid(HA-LA)was synthesized by esterification reaction,and HA-LA microspheres were prepared by a reversed-phase emulsion method,which was combined with a macromolecular HA-LA solution to form injectable hydrogels.The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of an injectable hydrogel based on hyaluronic acid-g-lipoic acid microspheres(HA-LA MS)for the treatment of KOA and to verify its injectability,lubricity,reactive oxygen species(ROS)scavenging ability,and anti-inflammatory effects.The results show that the HA-LA MS hydrogel has excellent shear thinning characteristics and continuous injectability,and its microsphere structure significantly reduces the interfacial friction coefficient through the rolling effect.In vitro experiments have shown that the hydrogel can efficiently scavenge ROS,reduce the expression of inflammatory factors,and is non-cytotoxic.The HA-LA MS injectable hydrogel has excellent lubricity,ROS scavenging ability,and anti-inflammatory effects in vivo,which can effectively delay the degeneration of early KOA cartilage,and its efficacy is significantly better than that of traditional hyaluronic acid,making it a promising intra-articular injection preparation.展开更多
Salinity is one of the major abiotic stresses limiting chickpea(Cicer arietinum L.)productivity,particularly in arid and semi-arid regions where soil salinization is intensifying.Developing cost-effective and practica...Salinity is one of the major abiotic stresses limiting chickpea(Cicer arietinum L.)productivity,particularly in arid and semi-arid regions where soil salinization is intensifying.Developing cost-effective and practical strategies to enhance seedling establishment and early vigor under saline conditions is therefore essential.In this study,we compared two seed-priming agents-1 mM proline and 25 mM NaCl-under identical hydroponic conditions to elucidate tissue-specific responses to 25 mM NaCl stress.Proline priming significantly improved shoot length(by~23%),total chlorophyll content(by~19%),and ascorbate peroxidase(ASPOX)activity.In contrast,NaCl priming enhanced root biomass retention(by~38%)and peroxidase(POD)activity under salinity stress.Both priming treatments induced higher proline accumulation and antioxidant capacity,though with tissue-specific effects:proline favored aboveground resilience,while NaCl strengthened root ionic and oxidative balance.These findings highlight the complementary nature of proline and NaCl priming and support the concept of stress“memory,”whereby plants acquire enhanced readiness to cope with salinity.Integrating such priming strategies into chickpea cultivation could contribute to improved yield stability and sustainability in saline agroecosystems.展开更多
Drought,as the most catastrophic abiotic stress,poses a significant threat to the growth and development of plants.Among the mechanisms employed by plants to cope with drought-induced stress,abscisic acid(ABA)which is...Drought,as the most catastrophic abiotic stress,poses a significant threat to the growth and development of plants.Among the mechanisms employed by plants to cope with drought-induced stress,abscisic acid(ABA)which is the sesquiterpene hormone,occupies a pivotal role.A hypothesis has emerged that the exogenous application of ABA can positively influence the terpenoid content of Lavandula angustifolia cv Hidcote essential oil(EO),thereby conferring enhanced resilience to drought stress.A randomized complete block design experiment was conducted with three replicationsandfour irrigation regimes,including I4[30%-40%of field capacity(FC)],I3(50%-60%FC),I2(70%-80%FC),andI1(90%-100%FC)as control.Application of ABAspraying included three concentrations,A3(30μmol·L^(-1)ABA),A2(15μmol·L^(-1)ABA),and A1 as control(distilled water).Results revealed that drought significantly affected all studied traits except for relative water content(RWC)and shoot dry mass.The ABA impact application on the observed traits was found to be dependent upon the level of drought to which the plants were exposed.Specifically,the highest levels of flavonoid content,total antioxidant activity,peroxidase(POX)activity,and EO percentage were observed under I4A2 conditions.Conversely,the highest levels of superoxide dismutase(SOD)and catalase(CAT)activity,and proline were recorded under I4A3 conditions,while the highest EO yield was obtained under I3A2 conditions.Analysis of the EO revealed that there were common indicative compounds across the varying levels of droughtandABAapplication,including linalool,camphor,borneol,bornyl formate,andcaryophyllene oxide.Theproduction pattern ofmonoterpene and sesquiterpene compounds demonstrated a distinct trend,with the highest concentration of monoterpene hydrocarbon compounds(average of 12.92%)being observed in the I2A3 treatment group,andthe highest concentration of oxygenatedmonoterpenecompounds(average of 64.76%)being recorded in the I1A1 group.Conversely,the most significant levels of sesquiterpene hydrocarboncompounds(14.98%)andoxygenated sesquiterpene compounds(10.46%)were observed in the I4A3 and I4A1 groups,respectively,showing the efficacy of monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes from the action of ABA under drought conditions.The observed results indicated that the concentration of oxygenated monoterpene compounds decreases with an increase in drought level.Conversely,the application of ABA at any given drought level appears to resulted in increased concentrations of oxygenated monoterpene compounds in the same conditions.It may be concluded that plants under high-stress drought conditions allocate more terpene precursors to the production of sesquiterpene hydrocarbon compounds,aided by ABA with the same properties.展开更多
Achillea species are known for their healing properties since ancient times.There is extensive literature on their pharmacological action due to their bioactive compounds.The present study aimed to investigate the ant...Achillea species are known for their healing properties since ancient times.There is extensive literature on their pharmacological action due to their bioactive compounds.The present study aimed to investigate the antioxidant and antimicrobial effects of hydroalcoholic extracts from the inflorescences and leaves of the species Achillea crithmifolia Waldst.and Kit.,A.grandifolia Friv.and A.millefolium L.The phytochemical profiles of all extracts were evaluated both by NMR spectroscopy and LC-MS analysis,and the results were consistent with the spectrophotometrically determined total phenolic(TP:125.42-191.98 mg/g)and total flavonoid(TF:47.34-180.02 mg/g)contents.All the extracts were tested for their antioxidant activity using DPPH and ABTS•+radical scavenging assay,as well as ferrous ion chelating ability and reducing power tests.All the extracts showed moderate antioxidant activity,compared to the reference substance BHT.Additionally,the antibacterial activity of the extracts was evaluated against major food-borne pathogens,showing moderate antimicrobial effects.展开更多
基金supported by the Coordenacao de Aperfeicoamento de Pessoal de Nivel Superior-Brasil(CAPES)[Finance Code 001](to MGS)Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico(CNPq)fellowship[research grants 309840/2022-8]。
文摘Neuroinflammation is an inflammatory response in the central nervous system associated with various neurological conditions.The inflammatory process is typically treated with non-steroidal and steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs,which have a range of serious adverse effects.As an alternative,naturally derived molecules such as quercetin and its derivatives show promising anti-inflammatory properties and beneficial effects on various physiological functions.Our objective was to synthesize the evidence on the anti-inflammatory effect of quercetin and its derivatives in in vivo models,in the face of neuroinflammatory insults induced by lipopolysaccharide,through a systematic review and meta-analysis.A search of the preclinical literature was conducted across four databases(Pub Med,Web of Science,Scielo,and Google Scholar).Studies were selected based on inclusion and exclusion criteria,assessed for methodological quality using CAMARADES,and risk of bias using the SYRCLE tool,and data were extracted from the studies.The quantitative assessment of quercetin effects on the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and microgliosis was performed through a meta-analysis.A total of 384 potentially relevant articles were identified,of which 11 studies were included in the analysis.The methodological quality was assessed,resulting in an average score of 5.8/10,and the overall risk of bias analysis revealed a lack of methodological clarity in most studies.Furthermore,through the meta-analysis,it was observed that treatment with quercetin statistically reduces pro-inflammatory cytokines,such as tumor necrosis factor alpha,interleukin 6,interleukin 1β(n=89;SMD=–2.00;95%CI:–3.29 to–0.71),and microgliosis(n=33;SMD=–2.56;95%CI:–4.07 to–1.10).In terms of underlying mechanisms,quercetin and its derivatives exhibit antioxidant and anti-apoptotic properties,possibly through the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2(Nrf2)/HO-1 pathways,increasing the expression of antioxidant enzymes and reducing reactive species,and modulating the caspase pathway,increasing levels of anti-apoptotic proteins and decreasing proapoptotic proteins.Quercetin and its derivatives exhibit highly pleiotropic actions that simultaneously contribute to preventing neuroinflammation.However,despite promising results in animal models,future directions should focus on well-designed clinical studies to assess the safety,bioavailability,and efficacy of quercetin and its derivatives in humans.Additionally,standardization of methods and dosages in studies is crucial to ensure consistency of findings and optimize their application in clinical settings.
基金supported jointly by the earmarked fund for CARS-10-GW2the key research and development program of Hainan Province(Grant No.ZDYF2020226)+1 种基金Collaborative innovation center of Nanfan and high-efficiency tropical agriculture,Hainan University(Grant No.XTCX2022NYC21)funding of Hainan University[Grant No.KYQD(ZR)22123]。
文摘Heat stress hinders the growth and productivity of sweetpotato plants,predominantly through oxidative damage to cellular membranes.Therefore,the development of efficient approaches for mitigating heat-related impairments is essential for the long-term production of sweetpotatoes.Melatonin has been recognised for its capacity to assist plants in dealing with abiotic stress conditions.This research aimed to investigate how different doses of exogenous melatonin influence heat damage in sweetpotato plants.Heat stress drastically affected shoot and root fresh weight by 31.8 and 44.5%,respectively.This reduction resulted in oxidative stress characterised by increased formation of hydrogen peroxide(H_(2)O_(2))by 804.4%,superoxide ion(O_(2)^(·-))by 211.5%and malondialdehyde(MDA)by 234.2%.Heat stress also reduced chlorophyll concentration,photosystemⅡefficiency(F_v/F_m)by 15.3%and gaseous exchange.However,pre-treatment with 100μmol L^(-1)melatonin increased growth and reduced oxidative damage to sweetpotato plants under heat stress.In particular,melatonin decreased H_(2)O_(2),O_(2)^(·-)and MDA by 64.8%,42.7%and 38.2%,respectively.Melatonin also mitigated the decline in chlorophyll levels and improved stomatal traits,gaseous exchange and F_(v)/F_(m)(13%).Results suggested that the favorable outcomes of melatonin treatment can be associated with elevated antioxidant enzyme activity and an increase in non-enzymatic antioxidants and osmo-protectants.Overall,these findings indicate that exogenous melatonin can improve heat stress tolerance in sweetpotatoes.This stu dy will assist re searchers in further investigating how melatonin makes sweetpotatoes more resistant to heat stress.
基金jointly supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Shanxi Province(Nos.202203021222127,202403021212109).
文摘NiTi alloy has been widely used as orthopedic implant materials due to its unique shape memory properties and superelasticity.However,implantation failure often occurs because of the poor antibacterial ability,antioxidation property and corrosion resistance of the NiTi alloy.In order to overcome the above problems,we constructed Zn/polydopamine(PDA)/Chitosan-Catechol(CS-C)composite coating on the surface of NiTi alloy in this paper.The surface morphology and wettability of the coating were characterized by scanning electron microscopy(SEM)and optical contact angle measuring instrument,respectively.The results showed that the Zn/CS-C coating was successfully prepared,and exhibited good hydrophilic property,especially the sample Zn/PDA/CS-C-24 h.In addition,the corrosion resistance,antioxidation property and biological properties of the coating were systematically analyzed.The results indicated that the Zn/PDA/CS-C composite coating exhibited good corrosion resistance and antibacterial property,antioxidant property and osteogenic activity,especially sample Zn/PDA/CS-C-24 h.The sample Zn/PDA/CS-C-24 h could effectively protect osteoblasts from reactive oxygen species(ROS)damage and promote cell proliferation and osteoblast differentiation.This study provides a feasible and effective strategy for the surface modification of orthopedic implant.
基金funded by the Research Fund(Project Number 2025YB12)Innovation and Entrepreneurship Project(2024)of Shanghai Sanda University.
文摘Consumers are increasingly demanding natural colorants that are safe and offer health benefits.In addition to their ornamental characteristics,Kanzan cherry(KC)blossoms present a promising source of red-hued natural colorants and functional bioactive substances.This research utilized distilled water to extract KC petals(KCP)and their ground powders(KCPP)under varying temperatures(30℃–90℃)and times(30–180 min).The total monomeric anthocyanins(TMAC)and total phenolics(TPC)in the extracts were evaluated via the pH differential and Folin–Ciocalteu methods.Antioxidant capacities were assessed by DPPH free radical scavenging ability and reducing power.Results indicated that the optimal extraction of TMAC and TPC from KCP occurred at 90℃ for 30 min,and the resulting extracts exhibited the highest antioxidant activities among all tested temperatures and durations.Compared to different particle sizes,the finest KCPP generally produced extracts with the highest TMAC,TPC,and antioxidant activity,due to enhanced mass and heat transfer.When compared with the acidified alcohol method,hot water extraction resulted in 68.23%and 71.41%TMAC yields for petals and powders,respectively,while TPC levels were similar or higher.TMAC or TPC showed a significantly positive correlation(p<0.01)with the antioxidant activities.These findings demonstrate that hot water extraction is a viable and environmentally friendly alternative for phytochemical recovery from KC.Additionally,elevated extraction temperature and pH accelerated anthocyanin degradation and shortened its half-life,while higher pH also lowered the activation energy,enthalpy,entropy,and Gibbs free energy.Thus,red–orange KC extracts with rich bioactivity may serve as promising ingredients for functional foods having acidic pH levels.
基金supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.2042023kf0094)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2022YFA1502902)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.22101217).
文摘As a novel two-dimensional(2D)material,MXenes are anticipated to have a significant impact on future aqueous energy storage and conversion technologies owing to their unique intrinsic laminar structure and exceptional physicochemical properties.Nevertheless,the fabrication and utilization of functional MXenebased devices face formidable challenges due to their susceptibility to oxidative degradation in aqueous solutions.This review begins with an outline of various preparation techniques for MXenes and their implications for structure and surface chemistry.Subsequently,the controversial oxidation mechanisms are discussed,followed by a summary of currently employed oxidation characterization techniques.Additionally,the factors influencing MXene oxidation are then introduced,encompassing chemical composition(types of M,X elements,layer numbers,terminations,and defects)as well as environment(atmosphere,temperature,light,potential,solution pH,free water and O_(2)content).The review then shifts its focus to strategies aiming to prevent or delay MXene oxidation,thereby expanding the applicability of MXenes in complex environments.Finally,the challenges and prospects within this rapidly-growing research field are presented to promote further advancements of MXenes in aqueous storage systems.
基金Researchers Supporting Project No.(RSP2025R390),King Saud University,Riyadh,Saudi Arabia.
文摘Nickel(Ni)toxicity significantly impairs plant growth,photosynthesis,and metabolism by inducing oxidative stress.This study evaluates the potential of exogenous Alpha-Ketoglutarate(AKG)in mitigating Ni-induced stress in Peganum harmala L.Seedlings were exposed to 0,200,500,and 750μM NiCl2,with or without AKG supplementation.Under 750μM Ni stress,dry weight(DW)decreased by 33.7%,tissue water content(TWC)by 39.9%,and chlorophyll a and total chlorophyll levels were reduced by 17%and 15%,respectively.Ni exposure also significantly increased secondary metabolite production,with leaf anthocyanin content rising by 131%,and superoxide dismutase(SOD)and catalase(CAT)activities increasing by 228%and 53%,respectively,in roots at 500μM Ni.AKG treatment alleviated Ni toxicity by enhancing TWC by 39%and promoting root and shoot growth.Additionally,AKG treatment boosted the synthesis of phenolic compounds and flavonoids,contributing to improved tolerance against Ni stress.These findings demonstrate the potential of AKG in enhancing Ni tolerance in P.harmala,suggesting its promising role in bioremediation of metal-contaminated soils.This is the first study to report the beneficial effects of exogenous AKG in alleviating nickel toxicity in P.harmala L.,offering a new approach for improving plant resilience to heavy metal stress.
基金supported by the Open Fund of Anhui Engineering Research Center for Ecoagriculture of Traditional Chinese Medicine(WXZR202318)High-level Talents Research Initiation Fund of West Anhui University(WGKQ2022025)+3 种基金Quality Engineering Project of West Anhui University(wxxy2024011)Quality Engineering Project of Anhui Province(2024zybj032)Development of Big Data Integration and Analysis Platform for Traditional Chinese Medicine Genomics(0045025050)Anhui Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Program for College Students(S202510376030).
文摘Heavy metal pollution has become a pervasive environmental issue affecting numerous regions worldwide.Recently,there has been significant attention given to the application of nano-enabled technologies with the purpose of enhancing plant development and alleviating heavy metal stress.This study aimed to illustrate the potential of zinc oxide nanoparticles(ZnO-NPs)to enhance the morphological traits of D.huoshenense exposed to cadmium(Cd)stress.The chemical structure and elemental composition of the ZnO-NPs were characterised by a series of analytical methods,including X-ray diffraction,UV-Vis spectrometry,XPS,andTEM.Plant samples usedwere collected at 0,5,and 15 days in order to assess physiological and biochemical parameters under different Cd treatments.ZnONPs administered in pot experiments have been shown to enhance plant proliferation through the modulation of Cd enrichment levels.The results revealed that ZnO-NPs enhanced plant growth by increasing soluble sugars and proline levels,enhancing activities of antioxidant enzymes(SOD,POD,CAT,APX)and reducing electrolyte leakage(EL)and malondialdehyde(MDA)content.Furthermore,ZnO-NPs enhanced the net photosynthetic rate,transpiration,stomatal conductance,and chlorophyll content in leaves subjected to Cd stress at the 10-day sampling stage.Exogenous ZnO-NPs significantly elevated the expression of genes associated with flavonoid biosynthesis,potentially facilitating the accumulation of medicinal compounds to mitigate Cd stress.Taken together,these findings provide a novel perspective on the strategies employed by medicinal plants in response to Cd.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(31270674)Science and Technology Planning Project of Zhaoqing City,Guangdong Province(2019N012)National Undergraduate Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Program(202210580007).
文摘[Objectives]This study was conducted to investigate the regulatory effects of selenium(Se)on the content and balance of endogenous hormones and the function of antioxidant system during seed development in Red sandalwood(Pterocarpus santalinus).[Methods]Two basic treatments,seven single-fertilization treatments,and four combined fertilization treatments were designed.Sampling was conducted at 2,5,8,and 18 weeks after flower withering to measure the embryo abortion percentage(EAP),the contents of three endogenous hormones(IAA,GA_(3),ABA),and the activities of four antioxidant enzymes(CAT,APX,SOD,GR).[Results]Se application significantly inhibited embryo abortion in Red sandalwood,with Na_(2)SeO_(3)[Se(IV)]showing superior effects to Na_(2)SeO_(3)(Se(VI))and far exceeding the efficacy of individual applications of KCl,H_(3)BO_(3),CO(NH_(2))_(2),Ca(H_(2)PO_(4))_(2),NPK compound fertilizer,or EFOF.The combined treatment of Se with NPK compound fertilizer and EFOF[EFOF+NPK compound fertilizer+Se(IV)]was the most effective,reducing the abortion percentage by 77.8%compared with UMC at 18 weeks after flower withering.Se application significantly increased the levels of three endogenous hormones and the(IAA+GA_(3))/ABA ratio in Red sandalwood seeds(including the embryonic stage).In the optimal treatment,the(IAA+GA_(3))content was 240.7%,256.4%,353.7%,and 502.9%higher than that of UMC at 2,5,8,and 18 weeks after flower withering,respectively.Se application also concurrently enhanced antioxidant enzyme activities,with all four antioxidant enzymes in seeds of Se-treated plants showing significant increases.Notably,the selenoenzyme GR maintained considerably high activity even at 18 weeks after flower withering.The EAP was highly significantly negatively correlated with IAA content and GR activity,identifying IAA and(IAA+GA_(3))content as key hormonal indicators and GR as the core antioxidant enzyme,together constituting the central regulatory factors.The results indicate that Se suppresses embryo abortion in Red sandalwood through a dual regulatory pathway:by elevating IAA and GA_(3)levels along with the(IAA+GA_(3))/ABA ratio to optimize hormonal signaling networks,and by enhancing the activities of antioxidant enzymes such as GR to alleviate oxidative stress induced by cool-season low temperatures.[Conclusions]This study provides a theoretical basis and technical strategy for precision fertilization and stress resistance management in the cultivation of Red sandalwood.
基金Supported by Natural Science Foundation in Guangxi Province(0728040)~~
文摘[Objective] The paper aims to study the effects of drought stress on antioxidation system of different Citrus rootstock leaves. [Method] Potted plant experiments were carried out to control the water content of soil in pots,in order to investigate the effects of drought stress on antioxidation system activity （SOD,POD and CAT） and the content of protein,GSH,MDA and O-·2 from the leaves of Shandong Zhike,Ningminju,Yangshuojinbaosuanju,Huapijinju and Guizhi No.1. [Result] The content of chlorophyll a,chlorophyll b and chlorophyll （a＋b） from the test 5 breeds decreased with the enhancement of drought stress,and there were significant differences between them and the control under the severe stress; the activities of SOD,POD and CAT from the 5 breeds increased as the drought stress strengthened; the content of soluble protein declined while that of GSH,MDA and O-·2 rose because of the drought stress. [Conclusion] This research provided a good reference to choose the breeds of citrus rootstocks in arid and semi-arid areas.
文摘[Objective] The mitigative effect of antioxidase system of a rice mutant with low chlorophyll b on photooxidative damage was studied.[Method] A rice mutant with low chlorophyll b and its wild type were taken as experimental materials to comparatively research their peroxide (H2O2) contents, the activity and isozymes of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and peroxidase (POD) in chloroplast.[Result] Compared with the wild type, there were many kinds of SOD, POD and CAT isozymes in leaf cells and chloroplast cell of mutant, and the activity of SOD, POD and CAT isozymes in leaf cells and chloroplast cell of mutant was also correspondingly higher. Under intense light condition, the H2O2 content of chloroplast in mutant was less than that in the wild type. [Conclusion] The higher activity of scavenging active oxygen can relieve the photooxidative damage made by excessive light energy of intense light on photosynthetic membrane, which is an important reason for higher photosystem Ⅱ (PS II) stability of this mutant.
基金Supported by Scientific Research Projects Units of Science and Technology Department of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region for Financial Support(Project No.2013911072)~~
文摘[Objective] The aim was to study the antioxidant effect of polyphenols from pomegranate peel in vivo. [Method] The Kunming rats were randomly divided into a control group, a low-dose group, a middle-dose group and a high-dose group,n=10; the protein content, the activities of the superoxide dismutase（SOD） and the glutathione peroxidase（GSH-PX）, the content of the maleic dialdehyde（MDA） in serum and liver tissue of the rats from different groups were determined. [Result]The polyphenols of pomegranate peel could increase protein content, activities of superoxide dismutase（SOD） and glutathione peroxidase（GSH-PX） in serum and liver tissue, and decrease the maleic dialdehyde（MDA） content simultaneously. [Conclusion] Polyphenols of pomegranate peel have strong antioxidant activity in vivo.
基金Supported by Guangdong International Cooperation Program (2010B050600005)Guangdong Comprehensive Strategic Cooperation Project of CAS (2009B091300135)Guangdong Natural Science Foundation (10251064001000006)~~
文摘[Objective] The aim was to compare contents of free and bound polyphenol and antioxidation of balsam pear in different varieties. [Method] Fourteen varieties of balsam pear were chosen to analyze total contents of free or bound phenol and components of free phenol. FRAP （Freeic reducing/antioxidant power）, DPPH （1,1diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazy）, and ABTS ＋· （2, 2’-azinobis-3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid diammonium salt） were used to measure antioxidation and analyze relationship between polyphenol content and antioxidation. [Result] Among the fourteen varieties of balsam pear, free, bound and total phenols were 157.58 -382.92, 6.46 -54 and 175.27 -413.79 mg GAE/100 g DW; coefficients of variance were 23.50% , 61.04% and 21.58%, respectively; free phenol accounted for 91.34% of total phenol and bound phenol accounted for 8.66% ; contents of total flavone for the fourteen varieties were from 8.97 to 18.22 mg CE/100 g DW and the coefficient was at 22.80%; vanillic aldehyde acid, epicatechin and rutin differed in contents among different varieties, which changed in 1.83-9.29, 35.17-114.52 and 0.91-4.53 mg/100 g DW and the coefficients were 43.85%, 26.97% and 33.09%; FRAP antioxidation was at 272.16 -713.32 mg TE/100 g DW and coefficient at 27.67% ; IC 50 of DPPH and ABTS ＋· clearance were 11.43-34.14 and 21.57-119.71 mg GAE/100 g DW and coefficients were at 35.10% and 63.75% , accordingly; content of total phenol was of extremely positive correlation with FRAP （P0.01） and of extremely negative correlation with IC 50 of DPPH and ABTS ＋ · clearance （P0.01）. [Conclusion] Contents of phenolic compounds and antioxidation are of significant genotype differences; and phenolic substance and antioxidation are mainly in free form and phenolic substance is the major basis for antioxidation.
文摘[Objective] The aim was to understand defense mechanism of pear after inoculated Botryosphaeria berengeriana f. sp. piricolan and mechanism of antioxidant enzymes of biocontrol bacteria. [Method] Pears were treated by Botryosphaeria berengeriana f. sp. piricolan and bio control bacteria, and the change of antioxidant enzymes were determined. [Result] The biocontrol bacteria had little effect on MDA;the content of MDA treated by B. berengeriana reached high peak in 48 h, was 10.22nmol/g which was 1.86 times of CK; the content of MDA treated by B. berengeriana and biocontrol bacteria reached high peak in 24 h, was 8.92 nmol/g which was1.62 times of CK. The content of SOD treated by biocontrol bacteria reached high peak in 48 h, was 126.69 U/[g（FW）·min] which was 1.54 times of CK; the contents of SOD treated by B. berengeriana as well as B. berengeriana and biocontrol bacteria reached high peak in 24 h, were 122.10 and 135.32 U/[g（FW）·min] which were 1.48 and 1.65 times of CK respectively; the contents of POD on biocontrol bacteria treatment, B. ana treatment as well as B. berengeriana and biocontrol bacteria treatment reached high peak in 24 h, were 385.34, 342.50 and 290.00 U/[g（FW）·min] which were 1.83, 1.62 and 1.38 times of CK respectively. The contents of CAT on biocontrol bacteria treatment, B. rengeriana treatment as well as B. berengeriana and biocontrol bacteria treatment reached high peak in 6 h, were 133.33,114.17 and 113.35 U/[g（FW）·min] which were 1.33, 1.14 and 1.13 times of CK respectively. The biocontrol bacteria had little difference in CK; the content of PPO of B. berengeriana treatment reached high peak in 12 h, was 81.86 U/[g（FW）·min]which was 1.76 times of CK; B. berengeriana and biocontrol bacteria treatment reached high peak in 24 h, was 70.00 U/[g（FW）·min] which was 1.50 times of CK.[Conclusion] B. berengeriana and biocontrol bacteria had more effect on MDA; both B. berengeriana and biocontrol bacteria could increase the excitation of SOD enzyme activity; both B. berengeriana and biocontrol bacteria could increase the excitation of POD enzyme activity; both B. berengeriana and biocontrol bacteria could increase the excitation of CAT enzyme activity; using biocontrol bacteria alone had not obvious effect on PPO, B. berengeriana could increase the excitation of PPO enzyme activity.
基金Supported by Science and Technology Innovation Project of Ji'nan City "Identification of Stress-resistant Malus sieversii Germplasm Resources and Screening of Stressresistance Functional Genes"(201401125)~~
文摘By pot experiment under artificially simulated water stress conditions, soluble protein content, MDA content and SOD, POD, CAT and APX activities in Malus sieversfi leaves were determined to reveal the response mechanism of M. sieversii to changes of relative soil water content. According to the results, with the decrease of relative soil water content, MDA content in M. sieversii leaves increased by mem- brane lipid peroxidation. Cells resist water stress-induced membrane lipid peroxidation and clear the increased reactive oxygen species by improving soluble protein content and SOD, POD, CAT and APX activities. However, various enzymes were involved in the response to water stress under different moisture conditions. In addition, the results indicated that M. sieversii had a good adaptability to higher relative soil water contents.
基金Supported by Scientific Research Project of the Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine(GXZYA20220105).
文摘[Objectives]To evaluate the in vitro antibacterial,antioxidant,andα-glucosidase inhibitory activities of the ethanol total extract and four different polarity fractions(n-butanol,ethyl acetate,petroleum ether,and water)of Pilea peltata Hance,so as to provide a reference for its further development and research.[Methods]The antibacterial activity of P.peltata was evaluated in vitro by determining the minimum inhibitory concentration(MIC)and minimum bactericidal concentration(MBC)of its ethanol total extract and four different polarity fractions against seven test bacterial strains using the broth microdilution method.The in vitro antioxidant activity was investigated through DPPH radical,hydroxyl radical,and superoxide anion radical scavenging assays,with vitamin C(Vit C)as the positive control and the half maximal scavenging concentration(IC 50)as the evaluation indicator.The in vitroα-glucosidase inhibitory activity was assessed by measuring the peak area of p-nitrophenol(PNP),the hydrolysis product of 4-nitrophenylα-D-glucopyranoside(PNPG),via high-performance liquid chromatography(HPLC),using the half maximal inhibitory concentration(IC 50)as the evaluation indicator.[Results]Both the ethanol total extract and the four different polarity fractions of P.peltata exhibited significant in vitro anti-Streptococcus pneumoniae activity.The DPPH radical scavenging capacities of the ethanol total extract and the various fractions were all weaker than that of VitC,with the order of efficacy being:n-butanol fraction>ethanol total extract>ethyl acetate fraction>petroleum ether fraction>aqueous fraction.For hydroxyl radical scavenging activity,the efficacy order of P.peltata fractions was:n-butanol extract>ethyl acetate extract>ethanol total extract>petroleum ether extract>aqueous extract.Notably,the n-butanol fraction(IC 50=0.068±0.001)demonstrated stronger activity than VitC(IC 50=0.097±0.001).The activity of the ethyl acetate fraction(IC 50=0.096±0.004)was comparable to that of VitC(IC 50=0.097±0.001).The superoxide anion scavenging capacities of the ethanol total extract and different polarity fractions from P.peltata were all weaker than that of VitC,with the order of efficacy being:n-butanol fraction>ethyl acetate fraction>ethanol total extract>petroleum ether fraction>aqueous fraction.The ethanol total extract and aqueous fraction of Pilea peltata showed no significant in vitroα-glucosidase inhibitory activity.Compared with the acarbose group,the IC 50 values of the ethyl acetate fraction and the n-butanol fraction both showed highly significant differences(P<0.01).[Conclusions]This study provides an experimental basis for the pharmacodynamic study and active component study of P.peltata.
文摘Zingiber officinale Roscoe(ginger)is traditionally used as a culinary spice worldwide.In folklore medicine,raw and fresh ginger has been used for treating nausea and vomiting,to improve liver function and digestion,antidiarrheal,to treat menstrual cramps,and as an aphrodisiac.Zingerone[4-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-2-butanone]is the major bioactive ingredient present in ginger.Zingerone has shown a wide-range of pharmacological activities in vitro and in vivo studies.While zingerone is present in small amount in fresh ginger,but its level is increased during drying or heating during cooking.The amount of zingerone increases significantly due to the conversion of gingerol into zingerone through retro-aldol reaction.Owing to its strong antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties,zingerone has the ability to scavenge reactive oxygen species and to assist in curing a wide array of non-communicable diseases associated with oxidative stress such as diabetes mellitus,obesity,cardiometabolic and cardiovascular disorders,neurological abnormalities,osteoarthritic,and certain cancer types.For this review,extensive literature searches were performed using PubMed,Google Scholar,Science Direct,and other search engines.The major aims of our review are to describe the chemical characteristics of zingerone as well as the various in vitro and in vivo studies reported regarding the pharmacological effects of zingerone and the mechanism of action observed at the cellular and molecular levels.The results of published preclinical and few clinical studies suggest that zingerone has several promising therapeutic applications due to its strong antioxidant,antiinflammatory and anti-proliferative activities without any serious side effects.However,well-designed,randomized,placebo-controlled,and multi-center clinical studies are needed to determine the optimal therapeutic doses,and longterm safety of zingerone.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.82272472 and 52373146)。
文摘Early knee osteoarthritis(KOA)is characterized by progressive degeneration of the articular cartilage,synovial inflammation,and excessive accumulation of reactive oxygen species(ROS).At present,intra-articular injection of hyaluronic acid(HA)is widely used to alleviate symptoms;however,its lubrication persistence,antioxidant,and anti-inflammatory abilities are limited,and it is difficult to effectively delay the early process of cartilage degeneration.Based on this,hyaluronic acid-g-lipoic acid(HA-LA)was synthesized by esterification reaction,and HA-LA microspheres were prepared by a reversed-phase emulsion method,which was combined with a macromolecular HA-LA solution to form injectable hydrogels.The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of an injectable hydrogel based on hyaluronic acid-g-lipoic acid microspheres(HA-LA MS)for the treatment of KOA and to verify its injectability,lubricity,reactive oxygen species(ROS)scavenging ability,and anti-inflammatory effects.The results show that the HA-LA MS hydrogel has excellent shear thinning characteristics and continuous injectability,and its microsphere structure significantly reduces the interfacial friction coefficient through the rolling effect.In vitro experiments have shown that the hydrogel can efficiently scavenge ROS,reduce the expression of inflammatory factors,and is non-cytotoxic.The HA-LA MS injectable hydrogel has excellent lubricity,ROS scavenging ability,and anti-inflammatory effects in vivo,which can effectively delay the degeneration of early KOA cartilage,and its efficacy is significantly better than that of traditional hyaluronic acid,making it a promising intra-articular injection preparation.
文摘Salinity is one of the major abiotic stresses limiting chickpea(Cicer arietinum L.)productivity,particularly in arid and semi-arid regions where soil salinization is intensifying.Developing cost-effective and practical strategies to enhance seedling establishment and early vigor under saline conditions is therefore essential.In this study,we compared two seed-priming agents-1 mM proline and 25 mM NaCl-under identical hydroponic conditions to elucidate tissue-specific responses to 25 mM NaCl stress.Proline priming significantly improved shoot length(by~23%),total chlorophyll content(by~19%),and ascorbate peroxidase(ASPOX)activity.In contrast,NaCl priming enhanced root biomass retention(by~38%)and peroxidase(POD)activity under salinity stress.Both priming treatments induced higher proline accumulation and antioxidant capacity,though with tissue-specific effects:proline favored aboveground resilience,while NaCl strengthened root ionic and oxidative balance.These findings highlight the complementary nature of proline and NaCl priming and support the concept of stress“memory,”whereby plants acquire enhanced readiness to cope with salinity.Integrating such priming strategies into chickpea cultivation could contribute to improved yield stability and sustainability in saline agroecosystems.
基金We appreciate the financial support of this work by Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources from Golestan Province(Grant No.9413184180).
文摘Drought,as the most catastrophic abiotic stress,poses a significant threat to the growth and development of plants.Among the mechanisms employed by plants to cope with drought-induced stress,abscisic acid(ABA)which is the sesquiterpene hormone,occupies a pivotal role.A hypothesis has emerged that the exogenous application of ABA can positively influence the terpenoid content of Lavandula angustifolia cv Hidcote essential oil(EO),thereby conferring enhanced resilience to drought stress.A randomized complete block design experiment was conducted with three replicationsandfour irrigation regimes,including I4[30%-40%of field capacity(FC)],I3(50%-60%FC),I2(70%-80%FC),andI1(90%-100%FC)as control.Application of ABAspraying included three concentrations,A3(30μmol·L^(-1)ABA),A2(15μmol·L^(-1)ABA),and A1 as control(distilled water).Results revealed that drought significantly affected all studied traits except for relative water content(RWC)and shoot dry mass.The ABA impact application on the observed traits was found to be dependent upon the level of drought to which the plants were exposed.Specifically,the highest levels of flavonoid content,total antioxidant activity,peroxidase(POX)activity,and EO percentage were observed under I4A2 conditions.Conversely,the highest levels of superoxide dismutase(SOD)and catalase(CAT)activity,and proline were recorded under I4A3 conditions,while the highest EO yield was obtained under I3A2 conditions.Analysis of the EO revealed that there were common indicative compounds across the varying levels of droughtandABAapplication,including linalool,camphor,borneol,bornyl formate,andcaryophyllene oxide.Theproduction pattern ofmonoterpene and sesquiterpene compounds demonstrated a distinct trend,with the highest concentration of monoterpene hydrocarbon compounds(average of 12.92%)being observed in the I2A3 treatment group,andthe highest concentration of oxygenatedmonoterpenecompounds(average of 64.76%)being recorded in the I1A1 group.Conversely,the most significant levels of sesquiterpene hydrocarboncompounds(14.98%)andoxygenated sesquiterpene compounds(10.46%)were observed in the I4A3 and I4A1 groups,respectively,showing the efficacy of monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes from the action of ABA under drought conditions.The observed results indicated that the concentration of oxygenated monoterpene compounds decreases with an increase in drought level.Conversely,the application of ABA at any given drought level appears to resulted in increased concentrations of oxygenated monoterpene compounds in the same conditions.It may be concluded that plants under high-stress drought conditions allocate more terpene precursors to the production of sesquiterpene hydrocarbon compounds,aided by ABA with the same properties.
基金supported by the Serbian Ministry of Education,Science and Technological Development(Agreements No.451-03-136/2025-03/200122 and 451-03-136/2025-03/200378).
文摘Achillea species are known for their healing properties since ancient times.There is extensive literature on their pharmacological action due to their bioactive compounds.The present study aimed to investigate the antioxidant and antimicrobial effects of hydroalcoholic extracts from the inflorescences and leaves of the species Achillea crithmifolia Waldst.and Kit.,A.grandifolia Friv.and A.millefolium L.The phytochemical profiles of all extracts were evaluated both by NMR spectroscopy and LC-MS analysis,and the results were consistent with the spectrophotometrically determined total phenolic(TP:125.42-191.98 mg/g)and total flavonoid(TF:47.34-180.02 mg/g)contents.All the extracts were tested for their antioxidant activity using DPPH and ABTS•+radical scavenging assay,as well as ferrous ion chelating ability and reducing power tests.All the extracts showed moderate antioxidant activity,compared to the reference substance BHT.Additionally,the antibacterial activity of the extracts was evaluated against major food-borne pathogens,showing moderate antimicrobial effects.
