As a novel two-dimensional(2D)material,MXenes are anticipated to have a significant impact on future aqueous energy storage and conversion technologies owing to their unique intrinsic laminar structure and exceptional...As a novel two-dimensional(2D)material,MXenes are anticipated to have a significant impact on future aqueous energy storage and conversion technologies owing to their unique intrinsic laminar structure and exceptional physicochemical properties.Nevertheless,the fabrication and utilization of functional MXenebased devices face formidable challenges due to their susceptibility to oxidative degradation in aqueous solutions.This review begins with an outline of various preparation techniques for MXenes and their implications for structure and surface chemistry.Subsequently,the controversial oxidation mechanisms are discussed,followed by a summary of currently employed oxidation characterization techniques.Additionally,the factors influencing MXene oxidation are then introduced,encompassing chemical composition(types of M,X elements,layer numbers,terminations,and defects)as well as environment(atmosphere,temperature,light,potential,solution pH,free water and O_(2)content).The review then shifts its focus to strategies aiming to prevent or delay MXene oxidation,thereby expanding the applicability of MXenes in complex environments.Finally,the challenges and prospects within this rapidly-growing research field are presented to promote further advancements of MXenes in aqueous storage systems.展开更多
Nickel(Ni)toxicity significantly impairs plant growth,photosynthesis,and metabolism by inducing oxidative stress.This study evaluates the potential of exogenous Alpha-Ketoglutarate(AKG)in mitigating Ni-induced stress ...Nickel(Ni)toxicity significantly impairs plant growth,photosynthesis,and metabolism by inducing oxidative stress.This study evaluates the potential of exogenous Alpha-Ketoglutarate(AKG)in mitigating Ni-induced stress in Peganum harmala L.Seedlings were exposed to 0,200,500,and 750μM NiCl2,with or without AKG supplementation.Under 750μM Ni stress,dry weight(DW)decreased by 33.7%,tissue water content(TWC)by 39.9%,and chlorophyll a and total chlorophyll levels were reduced by 17%and 15%,respectively.Ni exposure also significantly increased secondary metabolite production,with leaf anthocyanin content rising by 131%,and superoxide dismutase(SOD)and catalase(CAT)activities increasing by 228%and 53%,respectively,in roots at 500μM Ni.AKG treatment alleviated Ni toxicity by enhancing TWC by 39%and promoting root and shoot growth.Additionally,AKG treatment boosted the synthesis of phenolic compounds and flavonoids,contributing to improved tolerance against Ni stress.These findings demonstrate the potential of AKG in enhancing Ni tolerance in P.harmala,suggesting its promising role in bioremediation of metal-contaminated soils.This is the first study to report the beneficial effects of exogenous AKG in alleviating nickel toxicity in P.harmala L.,offering a new approach for improving plant resilience to heavy metal stress.展开更多
Heat stress hinders the growth and productivity of sweetpotato plants,predominantly through oxidative damage to cellular membranes.Therefore,the development of efficient approaches for mitigating heat-related impairme...Heat stress hinders the growth and productivity of sweetpotato plants,predominantly through oxidative damage to cellular membranes.Therefore,the development of efficient approaches for mitigating heat-related impairments is essential for the long-term production of sweetpotatoes.Melatonin has been recognised for its capacity to assist plants in dealing with abiotic stress conditions.This research aimed to investigate how different doses of exogenous melatonin influence heat damage in sweetpotato plants.Heat stress drastically affected shoot and root fresh weight by 31.8 and 44.5%,respectively.This reduction resulted in oxidative stress characterised by increased formation of hydrogen peroxide(H_(2)O_(2))by 804.4%,superoxide ion(O_(2)^(·-))by 211.5%and malondialdehyde(MDA)by 234.2%.Heat stress also reduced chlorophyll concentration,photosystemⅡefficiency(F_v/F_m)by 15.3%and gaseous exchange.However,pre-treatment with 100μmol L^(-1)melatonin increased growth and reduced oxidative damage to sweetpotato plants under heat stress.In particular,melatonin decreased H_(2)O_(2),O_(2)^(·-)and MDA by 64.8%,42.7%and 38.2%,respectively.Melatonin also mitigated the decline in chlorophyll levels and improved stomatal traits,gaseous exchange and F_(v)/F_(m)(13%).Results suggested that the favorable outcomes of melatonin treatment can be associated with elevated antioxidant enzyme activity and an increase in non-enzymatic antioxidants and osmo-protectants.Overall,these findings indicate that exogenous melatonin can improve heat stress tolerance in sweetpotatoes.This stu dy will assist re searchers in further investigating how melatonin makes sweetpotatoes more resistant to heat stress.展开更多
Neuroinflammation is an inflammatory response in the central nervous system associated with various neurological conditions.The inflammatory process is typically treated with non-steroidal and steroidal anti-inflammat...Neuroinflammation is an inflammatory response in the central nervous system associated with various neurological conditions.The inflammatory process is typically treated with non-steroidal and steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs,which have a range of serious adverse effects.As an alternative,naturally derived molecules such as quercetin and its derivatives show promising anti-inflammatory properties and beneficial effects on various physiological functions.Our objective was to synthesize the evidence on the anti-inflammatory effect of quercetin and its derivatives in in vivo models,in the face of neuroinflammatory insults induced by lipopolysaccharide,through a systematic review and meta-analysis.A search of the preclinical literature was conducted across four databases(Pub Med,Web of Science,Scielo,and Google Scholar).Studies were selected based on inclusion and exclusion criteria,assessed for methodological quality using CAMARADES,and risk of bias using the SYRCLE tool,and data were extracted from the studies.The quantitative assessment of quercetin effects on the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and microgliosis was performed through a meta-analysis.A total of 384 potentially relevant articles were identified,of which 11 studies were included in the analysis.The methodological quality was assessed,resulting in an average score of 5.8/10,and the overall risk of bias analysis revealed a lack of methodological clarity in most studies.Furthermore,through the meta-analysis,it was observed that treatment with quercetin statistically reduces pro-inflammatory cytokines,such as tumor necrosis factor alpha,interleukin 6,interleukin 1β(n=89;SMD=–2.00;95%CI:–3.29 to–0.71),and microgliosis(n=33;SMD=–2.56;95%CI:–4.07 to–1.10).In terms of underlying mechanisms,quercetin and its derivatives exhibit antioxidant and anti-apoptotic properties,possibly through the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2(Nrf2)/HO-1 pathways,increasing the expression of antioxidant enzymes and reducing reactive species,and modulating the caspase pathway,increasing levels of anti-apoptotic proteins and decreasing proapoptotic proteins.Quercetin and its derivatives exhibit highly pleiotropic actions that simultaneously contribute to preventing neuroinflammation.However,despite promising results in animal models,future directions should focus on well-designed clinical studies to assess the safety,bioavailability,and efficacy of quercetin and its derivatives in humans.Additionally,standardization of methods and dosages in studies is crucial to ensure consistency of findings and optimize their application in clinical settings.展开更多
[Objectives]This study was conducted to investigate the regulatory effects of selenium(Se)on the content and balance of endogenous hormones and the function of antioxidant system during seed development in Red sandalw...[Objectives]This study was conducted to investigate the regulatory effects of selenium(Se)on the content and balance of endogenous hormones and the function of antioxidant system during seed development in Red sandalwood(Pterocarpus santalinus).[Methods]Two basic treatments,seven single-fertilization treatments,and four combined fertilization treatments were designed.Sampling was conducted at 2,5,8,and 18 weeks after flower withering to measure the embryo abortion percentage(EAP),the contents of three endogenous hormones(IAA,GA_(3),ABA),and the activities of four antioxidant enzymes(CAT,APX,SOD,GR).[Results]Se application significantly inhibited embryo abortion in Red sandalwood,with Na_(2)SeO_(3)[Se(IV)]showing superior effects to Na_(2)SeO_(3)(Se(VI))and far exceeding the efficacy of individual applications of KCl,H_(3)BO_(3),CO(NH_(2))_(2),Ca(H_(2)PO_(4))_(2),NPK compound fertilizer,or EFOF.The combined treatment of Se with NPK compound fertilizer and EFOF[EFOF+NPK compound fertilizer+Se(IV)]was the most effective,reducing the abortion percentage by 77.8%compared with UMC at 18 weeks after flower withering.Se application significantly increased the levels of three endogenous hormones and the(IAA+GA_(3))/ABA ratio in Red sandalwood seeds(including the embryonic stage).In the optimal treatment,the(IAA+GA_(3))content was 240.7%,256.4%,353.7%,and 502.9%higher than that of UMC at 2,5,8,and 18 weeks after flower withering,respectively.Se application also concurrently enhanced antioxidant enzyme activities,with all four antioxidant enzymes in seeds of Se-treated plants showing significant increases.Notably,the selenoenzyme GR maintained considerably high activity even at 18 weeks after flower withering.The EAP was highly significantly negatively correlated with IAA content and GR activity,identifying IAA and(IAA+GA_(3))content as key hormonal indicators and GR as the core antioxidant enzyme,together constituting the central regulatory factors.The results indicate that Se suppresses embryo abortion in Red sandalwood through a dual regulatory pathway:by elevating IAA and GA_(3)levels along with the(IAA+GA_(3))/ABA ratio to optimize hormonal signaling networks,and by enhancing the activities of antioxidant enzymes such as GR to alleviate oxidative stress induced by cool-season low temperatures.[Conclusions]This study provides a theoretical basis and technical strategy for precision fertilization and stress resistance management in the cultivation of Red sandalwood.展开更多
Background The placenta plays a crucial role in supporting and influencing fetal development.We compared the effects of prepartum supplementation with omega-3(n-3)fatty acid(FA)sources,flaxseed oil(FLX)and fish oil(FO...Background The placenta plays a crucial role in supporting and influencing fetal development.We compared the effects of prepartum supplementation with omega-3(n-3)fatty acid(FA)sources,flaxseed oil(FLX)and fish oil(FO),on the expression of genes and proteins related to lipid metabolism,inflammation,oxidative stress,and the endocannabinoid system(ECS)in the expelled placenta,as well as on FA profile and inflammatory response of neonates.Late-pregnant Holstein dairy cows were supplemented with saturated fat(CTL),FLX,or FO.Placental cotyledons(n=5)were collected immediately after expulsion,and extracted RNA and proteins were analyzed by RTPCR and proteomic analysis.Neonatal blood was assessed for FA composition and concentrations of inflammatory markers.Results FO increased the gene expression of fatty acid binding protein 4(FABP4),interleukin 10(IL-10),catalase(CAT),cannabinoid receptor 1(CNR1),and cannabinoid receptor 2(CNR2)compared with CTL placenta.Gene expression of ECS-enzyme FA-amide hydrolase(FAAH)was lower in FLX and FO than in CTL.Proteomic analysis identified 3,974 proteins;of these,51–59 were differentially abundant between treatments(P≤0.05,|fold change|≥1.5).Top canonical pathways enriched in FLX vs.CTL and in FO vs.CTL were triglyceride metabolism and inflammatory processes.Both n-3 FA increased the placental abundance of FA binding proteins(FABPs)3 and 7.The abundance of CNR1 cannabinoid-receptor-interacting-protein-1(CNRIP1)was reduced in FO vs.FLX.In silico modeling affirmed that bovine FABPs bind to endocannabinoids.The FLX increased the abundance of inflammatory CD44-antigen and secreted-phosphoprotein-1,whereas prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 was decreased in FO vs.CTL placenta.Maternal FO enriched neonatal plasma with n-3 FAs,and both FLX and FO reduced interleukin-6 concentrations compared with CTL.Conclusion Maternal n-3 FA from FLX and FO differentially affected the bovine placenta;both enhanced lipid metabolism and modulated oxidative stress,however,FO increased some transcriptional ECS components,possibly related to the increased FABPs.Maternal FO induced a unique balance of pro-and anti-inflammatory components in the placenta.Taken together,different sources of n-3 FA during late pregnancy enhanced placental immune and metabolic processes,which may affect the neonatal immune system.展开更多
Drought stress is a major factor affecting plant growth and crop yield production.Plant extracts as natural biostimulants hold great potential to strengthen plants to overcome drought impacts.To explore the effect of ...Drought stress is a major factor affecting plant growth and crop yield production.Plant extracts as natural biostimulants hold great potential to strengthen plants to overcome drought impacts.To explore the effect of Polygonum minus extract(PME)in enhancing drought tolerance in plants,a study was set up in a glasshouse environment using 10 different treatment combinations.PME foliar application were designed in CRD and effects were closely observed related to the growth,physiology,and antioxidant system changes in maize(Zea mays L.)under well-watered and drought conditions.The seaweed extract(SWE)was used as a comparison.Plants subjected to drought stress exhibited a significant reduction in fresh weight,dry weight,relative water content(RWC),and soluble sugar,but they stimulated the phenolic,flavonoid,proline,glutathione(GSH),malondialdehyde(MDA)and antioxidant enzyme(catalase,CAT;peroxidase,POD;superoxide dismutase,SOD)activities.Foliar application of PME improved fresh and dry weight(FW:33.1%~41.4%;DW:48.0%~43.1%),chlorophyll content(Chl b:87.9%~100.76%),soluble sugar(23.6%~49.3%),and soluble protein(48.6%~56.9%)as well as antioxidant enzyme activities(CAT and POD)compared to CK under drought conditions.while decreasing the level of MDA.Notably,the mitigating effect of PME application with high concentration was more effective than those of SWE.Our study reveals that PME could alleviate drought stress by regulating osmoprotectant content and antioxidant defense system and can be used as an economical and environmentally friendly biostimulants for promoting maize growth under drought stress.展开更多
Ellagic acid(EA)is a natural antioxidant,widely present in a lot of forms’soft fruits,nuts,and other plant tissues,and helpful for promoting human health;however,its protective effect on postharvest fruit and improvi...Ellagic acid(EA)is a natural antioxidant,widely present in a lot of forms’soft fruits,nuts,and other plant tissues,and helpful for promoting human health;however,its protective effect on postharvest fruit and improving the quality index of postharvest fruit have rarely been studied.In this experiment,the strawberries were soaked in 0,100,200,300,400,and 500 mg L^(−1) EA,respectively,and the influential EA on fruit quality and the antioxidant system of strawberries were studied.Compared with the control,EA treatment can reduce the browning degree and rotting rate of strawberry fruit during storage and augment the soluble solid content(SSC).EA treatment can also increase the content of related stuff and enzyme activity in antioxidant systems;the gene expression level of polyphenol oxidase(PPO)in strawberries treated with EA was always down-regulated,correspondingly,the expression of other antioxidant enzyme genes was enhanced.Among the strawberry fruits treated with EA of different concentrations,300 mg L^(−1) EA had the best effect in the process of strawberry preservation.The results suggested that the proper concentration of exogenous EA at 300 mg L−1 could maintain strawberries’quality and enhance the antioxidant system by improving the activities of antioxidative enzymes and the ascorbateglutathione(AsA-GSH)cycle during storage.展开更多
This article reviews the latest research advances of tetrahedral framework nucleic acid(t FNA)-based systems in their fabrication,modification,and the potential applications in biomedicine.TFNA arises from the synthes...This article reviews the latest research advances of tetrahedral framework nucleic acid(t FNA)-based systems in their fabrication,modification,and the potential applications in biomedicine.TFNA arises from the synthesis of four single-stranded DNA chains.Each chain contains brief sequences that complement those found in the other three,culminating in the creation of a pyramid-shaped nanostructure of approximately 10 nanometers in size.The first generation of t FNA demonstrates inherent compatibility with biological systems and the ability to permeate cell membrane effectively.These attributes translate into remarkable capabilities for regulating various cellular biological processes,fostering tissue regeneration,and modulating immune responses.The subsequent evolution of t FNA introduces enhanced adaptability and a relatively higher degree of biological stability.This advancement encompasses structural modifications,such as the addition of functional domains at the vertices or side arms,integration of low molecular weight pharmaceuticals,and the implementation of diverse strategies aimed at reversing multi-drug resistance in tumor cells or microorganisms.These augmentations empower t FNA-based systems to be utilized in different scenarios,thus broadening their potential applications in various biomedical fields.展开更多
Melatonin and abscisic acid,as major plant hormones,play important roles in the physiological and biochemical activities of crops,but the interaction between the two under salt stress is not yet clear.This study inves...Melatonin and abscisic acid,as major plant hormones,play important roles in the physiological and biochemical activities of crops,but the interaction between the two under salt stress is not yet clear.This study investigated the endogenous levels of melatonin and abscisic acid in rice by using exogenous melatonin,abscisic acid,and their synthetic inhibitors,and examined their interactions under salt stress.The research results indicate that melatonin and abscisic acid can improve rice salt tolerance.Melatonin alleviated the salt sensitivity caused by abscisic acid deficiency,increased antioxidant enzyme activity and antioxidant content in rice treated with abscisic acid synth-esis inhibitors,and reduced total reactive oxygen species content and thiobarbituric acid reactive substance accu-mulation.Melatonin also increased the activity of key photosynthetic enzymes and the content of photosynthetic pigments,maintaining the parameters of photosynthetic gas exchange and chlorophyllfluorescence.In summary,melatonin alleviated the effects of abscisic acid deficiency on photosynthesis and antioxidant systems in rice and improved salt tolerance.This study is beneficial for expanding the understanding of melatonin regulation of crop salt tolerance.展开更多
Photodynamic therapy(PDT)can produce high levels of reactive oxygen species(ROS)to kill tumor cells and induce antitumor immunity.However,intracellular antioxidant systems,including glutathione(GSH)system and thioredo...Photodynamic therapy(PDT)can produce high levels of reactive oxygen species(ROS)to kill tumor cells and induce antitumor immunity.However,intracellular antioxidant systems,including glutathione(GSH)system and thioredoxin(Trx)system,limit the accumulation of ROS,resulting in compromised PDT and insufficient immune stimulation.Herein,we designed a nanomedicine PtHPs co-loading photosensitizer pyropheophorbide a(PPa)and cisplatin prodrug Pt-COOH(Ⅳ)(Pt(Ⅳ))based on hydroxyethyl starch(HES)to inhibit both GSH and Trx antioxidant systems and achieve potent PDT as well as antitumor immune responses.Specifically,HES-PPa and HES-Pt were obtained by coupling HES with PPa and Pt(Ⅳ),and assembled into nanoparticle PtHPs by emulsification method to achieve the purpose of co-delivery of PPa and Pt(Ⅳ).PtHPs improved PPa photostability while retaining PPa photodynamic properties.In vitro experiments showed that PtHPs reduced GSH,inhibited Trx system and had better cell-killing effect and ROS generation ability.Subcutaneous tumormodels showed that PtHPs had good safety and tumor inhibition effect.Bilateral tumor models suggested that PtHPs promoted the release of damage-associated molecular patterns and the maturation of dendritic cells,induced T cell-mediated immune responses,and thus suppressed the growth of both primary and distal tumors.This study reports a novel platinum-based nanomedicine and provides a newstrategy for boosting PDT therapy-mediated antitumor immunity by overcoming intrinsic antioxidant systems.展开更多
Water stress is a critical environmental adversity that significantly impacts the growth,development,and yield of flax plants.In this study,flax seeds were cultivated under different water irrigation requirements(WIR)...Water stress is a critical environmental adversity that significantly impacts the growth,development,and yield of flax plants.In this study,flax seeds were cultivated under different water irrigation requirements(WIR)(100%,75%,and 50%)to investigate the effects of exogenously supplied nitric oxide(NO)donor sodium nitroprusside(SNP)as foliar treatments at concentrations of 0.0 mmol/L,0.5 mmol/L,1.0 mmol/L,and 2.0 mmol/L.Drought stress led to a significant decrease in plant growth,photosynthetic pigments,yield components such as oil and total carbohydrate percentage.It also resulted in an increase in leaf H2O2 production,lipid peroxidation levels and activities of enzymatic antioxidants including polyphenol oxidase,superoxide dismutase,and nitrate reductase enzymes.However,foliar application of SNP improved photosynthetic pigments and antioxidant defense system which mitigated the negative impact of water stress on growth and yield productivity by reducing oxidative damage caused by reactive oxygen species accumulation.The use of SNP also decreased H_(2)O_(2) accumulation levels,lipid peroxidation levels,and improved membrane stability.SNP treatment at concentration of 2 mmol/L showed superior results compared to other concentrations with extremely significant increases observed in yield characteristics such as oil content,total carbohydrate percentages,and unsaturated fatty acids to saturated fatty acids ratio.展开更多
The effects of cast iron pipe corrosion onwater quality risk and microbial ecology in drinking water distribution systems(DWDSs)were investigated.It was found that trihalomethane(THMs)concentration and antibiotic resi...The effects of cast iron pipe corrosion onwater quality risk and microbial ecology in drinking water distribution systems(DWDSs)were investigated.It was found that trihalomethane(THMs)concentration and antibiotic resistance genes(ARGs)increased sharply in the old DWDSs.Under the same residual chlorine concentration conditions,the adenosine triphos-phate concentration in the effluent of old DWDSs(Eff-old)was significantly higher than that in the effluent of newDWDSs.Moreover,stronger bioflocculation ability andweaker hy-drophobicity coexisted in the extracellular polymeric substances of Eff-old,meanwhile,iron particles could be well inserted into the structure of the biofilms to enhance the mechanical strength and stability of the biofilms,hence enhancing the formation of THMs.Old DWDSs significantly influenced the microbial community of bulk water and triggered stronger mi-crobial antioxidant systems response,resulting in higher ARGs abundance.Corroded cast iron pipes induced a unique interaction system of biofilms,chlorine,and corrosion prod-ucts.Therefore,as the age of cast iron pipes increases,the fluctuation of water quality and microbial ecology should be paid more attention to maintain the safety of tap water.展开更多
Background: Contrast-induced acute kidney injury (CI-AKI) is the third most common cause of AKI in hospitalized patients. Contrast agents mainly cause acute kidney injury through hypoxic damage to renal parenchyma and...Background: Contrast-induced acute kidney injury (CI-AKI) is the third most common cause of AKI in hospitalized patients. Contrast agents mainly cause acute kidney injury through hypoxic damage to renal parenchyma and toxic effects on renal capillaries and tubules. Patients with CI-AKI are more likely to experience adverse events, including longer hospital stay and costs, longer ICU stay, and higher mortality rates. This article elaborates on the definition, epidemiology, risk factors, pathogenesis, and prevention strategies of CI-AKI. Methods: We conducted an extensive literature search using contrast agents and AKI as keywords to identify relevant studies on CI-AKI. Conclusion: CI-AKI is a significant clinical challenge that requires a multifaceted approach to prevention and management. Understanding the risk factors, pathophysiology, and current best practices is essential for healthcare providers to optimize patient care and improve outcomes in those undergoing contrast-enhanced imaging procedures. Hydration therapy is currently the main prevention method, but antioxidants may also become a new strategy.展开更多
[Objective] The paper aims to study the effects of drought stress on antioxidation system of different Citrus rootstock leaves. [Method] Potted plant experiments were carried out to control the water content of soil i...[Objective] The paper aims to study the effects of drought stress on antioxidation system of different Citrus rootstock leaves. [Method] Potted plant experiments were carried out to control the water content of soil in pots,in order to investigate the effects of drought stress on antioxidation system activity （SOD,POD and CAT） and the content of protein,GSH,MDA and O-·2 from the leaves of Shandong Zhike,Ningminju,Yangshuojinbaosuanju,Huapijinju and Guizhi No.1. [Result] The content of chlorophyll a,chlorophyll b and chlorophyll （a＋b） from the test 5 breeds decreased with the enhancement of drought stress,and there were significant differences between them and the control under the severe stress; the activities of SOD,POD and CAT from the 5 breeds increased as the drought stress strengthened; the content of soluble protein declined while that of GSH,MDA and O-·2 rose because of the drought stress. [Conclusion] This research provided a good reference to choose the breeds of citrus rootstocks in arid and semi-arid areas.展开更多
[Objective] The mitigative effect of antioxidase system of a rice mutant with low chlorophyll b on photooxidative damage was studied.[Method] A rice mutant with low chlorophyll b and its wild type were taken as experi...[Objective] The mitigative effect of antioxidase system of a rice mutant with low chlorophyll b on photooxidative damage was studied.[Method] A rice mutant with low chlorophyll b and its wild type were taken as experimental materials to comparatively research their peroxide (H2O2) contents, the activity and isozymes of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and peroxidase (POD) in chloroplast.[Result] Compared with the wild type, there were many kinds of SOD, POD and CAT isozymes in leaf cells and chloroplast cell of mutant, and the activity of SOD, POD and CAT isozymes in leaf cells and chloroplast cell of mutant was also correspondingly higher. Under intense light condition, the H2O2 content of chloroplast in mutant was less than that in the wild type. [Conclusion] The higher activity of scavenging active oxygen can relieve the photooxidative damage made by excessive light energy of intense light on photosynthetic membrane, which is an important reason for higher photosystem Ⅱ (PS II) stability of this mutant.展开更多
[Objective] The aim was to study the antioxidant effect of polyphenols from pomegranate peel in vivo. [Method] The Kunming rats were randomly divided into a control group, a low-dose group, a middle-dose group and a h...[Objective] The aim was to study the antioxidant effect of polyphenols from pomegranate peel in vivo. [Method] The Kunming rats were randomly divided into a control group, a low-dose group, a middle-dose group and a high-dose group,n=10; the protein content, the activities of the superoxide dismutase（SOD） and the glutathione peroxidase（GSH-PX）, the content of the maleic dialdehyde（MDA） in serum and liver tissue of the rats from different groups were determined. [Result]The polyphenols of pomegranate peel could increase protein content, activities of superoxide dismutase（SOD） and glutathione peroxidase（GSH-PX） in serum and liver tissue, and decrease the maleic dialdehyde（MDA） content simultaneously. [Conclusion] Polyphenols of pomegranate peel have strong antioxidant activity in vivo.展开更多
Spinal cord injuries lead to significant loss of motor, sensory, and autonomic functions, presenting major challenges in neural regeneration. Achieving effective therapeutic concentrations at injury sites has been a s...Spinal cord injuries lead to significant loss of motor, sensory, and autonomic functions, presenting major challenges in neural regeneration. Achieving effective therapeutic concentrations at injury sites has been a slow process, partly due to the difficulty of delivering drugs effectively. Nanoparticles, with their targeted delivery capabilities, biocompatibility, and enhanced bioavailability over conventional drugs, are garnering attention for spinal cord injury treatment. This review explores the current mechanisms and shortcomings of existing treatments, highlighting the benefits and progress of nanoparticle-based approaches. We detail nanoparticle delivery methods for spinal cord injury, including local and intravenous injections, oral delivery, and biomaterial-assisted implantation, alongside strategies such as drug loading and surface modification. The discussion extends to how nanoparticles aid in reducing oxidative stress, dampening inflammation, fostering neural regeneration, and promoting angiogenesis. We summarize the use of various types of nanoparticles for treating spinal cord injuries, including metallic, polymeric, protein-based, inorganic non-metallic, and lipid nanoparticles. We also discuss the challenges faced, such as biosafety, effectiveness in humans, precise dosage control, standardization of production and characterization, immune responses, and targeted delivery in vivo. Additionally, we explore future directions, such as improving biosafety, standardizing manufacturing and characterization processes, and advancing human trials. Nanoparticles have shown considerable progress in targeted delivery and enhancing treatment efficacy for spinal cord injuries, presenting significant potential for clinical use and drug development.展开更多
[Objective] The aim was to compare contents of free and bound polyphenol and antioxidation of balsam pear in different varieties. [Method] Fourteen varieties of balsam pear were chosen to analyze total contents of fre...[Objective] The aim was to compare contents of free and bound polyphenol and antioxidation of balsam pear in different varieties. [Method] Fourteen varieties of balsam pear were chosen to analyze total contents of free or bound phenol and components of free phenol. FRAP （Freeic reducing/antioxidant power）, DPPH （1,1diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazy）, and ABTS ＋· （2, 2’-azinobis-3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid diammonium salt） were used to measure antioxidation and analyze relationship between polyphenol content and antioxidation. [Result] Among the fourteen varieties of balsam pear, free, bound and total phenols were 157.58 -382.92, 6.46 -54 and 175.27 -413.79 mg GAE/100 g DW; coefficients of variance were 23.50% , 61.04% and 21.58%, respectively; free phenol accounted for 91.34% of total phenol and bound phenol accounted for 8.66% ; contents of total flavone for the fourteen varieties were from 8.97 to 18.22 mg CE/100 g DW and the coefficient was at 22.80%; vanillic aldehyde acid, epicatechin and rutin differed in contents among different varieties, which changed in 1.83-9.29, 35.17-114.52 and 0.91-4.53 mg/100 g DW and the coefficients were 43.85%, 26.97% and 33.09%; FRAP antioxidation was at 272.16 -713.32 mg TE/100 g DW and coefficient at 27.67% ; IC 50 of DPPH and ABTS ＋· clearance were 11.43-34.14 and 21.57-119.71 mg GAE/100 g DW and coefficients were at 35.10% and 63.75% , accordingly; content of total phenol was of extremely positive correlation with FRAP （P0.01） and of extremely negative correlation with IC 50 of DPPH and ABTS ＋ · clearance （P0.01）. [Conclusion] Contents of phenolic compounds and antioxidation are of significant genotype differences; and phenolic substance and antioxidation are mainly in free form and phenolic substance is the major basis for antioxidation.展开更多
Fatty acids are the main constituents of vegetable oils.To determine the fatty acid compositions of small trade vegetable oils and some less well studied beneficial vegetable oils,and investigate their relationships w...Fatty acids are the main constituents of vegetable oils.To determine the fatty acid compositions of small trade vegetable oils and some less well studied beneficial vegetable oils,and investigate their relationships with antioxidant activity and oxidative stability,gas chromatography-mass spectrometry was performed to characterize the associated fatty acid profiles.The antioxidant activity of vegetable oils,based on their DPPH-scavenging capacity(expressed as IC_(50) values),was used to assess their impact on human health,and their oxidative stability was characterized by performing lipid oxidation analysis to determine the oxidative induction time of fats and oils.In addition,correlation analyses were performed to examine associations between the fatty acid composition of the oils and DPPH-scavenging capacity and oxidative stability.The results revealed that among the assessed oils,coffee seed oil has the highest saturated fatty acid content(355.10 mg/g),whereas Garddenia jaminoides oil has the highest unsaturated fatty acid content(844.84 mg/g).Coffee seed oil was also found have the lowest DPPH IC_(50) value(2.30 mg/mL)and the longest oxidation induction time(17.09 h).Correlation analysis revealed a significant linear relationship(P<0.05)between oxidative stability and unsaturated fatty acid content,with lower contents tending to be associated with better oxidative stability.The findings of this study provide reference data for the screening of functional edible vegetable oils.展开更多
基金supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.2042023kf0094)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2022YFA1502902)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.22101217).
文摘As a novel two-dimensional(2D)material,MXenes are anticipated to have a significant impact on future aqueous energy storage and conversion technologies owing to their unique intrinsic laminar structure and exceptional physicochemical properties.Nevertheless,the fabrication and utilization of functional MXenebased devices face formidable challenges due to their susceptibility to oxidative degradation in aqueous solutions.This review begins with an outline of various preparation techniques for MXenes and their implications for structure and surface chemistry.Subsequently,the controversial oxidation mechanisms are discussed,followed by a summary of currently employed oxidation characterization techniques.Additionally,the factors influencing MXene oxidation are then introduced,encompassing chemical composition(types of M,X elements,layer numbers,terminations,and defects)as well as environment(atmosphere,temperature,light,potential,solution pH,free water and O_(2)content).The review then shifts its focus to strategies aiming to prevent or delay MXene oxidation,thereby expanding the applicability of MXenes in complex environments.Finally,the challenges and prospects within this rapidly-growing research field are presented to promote further advancements of MXenes in aqueous storage systems.
基金Researchers Supporting Project No.(RSP2025R390),King Saud University,Riyadh,Saudi Arabia.
文摘Nickel(Ni)toxicity significantly impairs plant growth,photosynthesis,and metabolism by inducing oxidative stress.This study evaluates the potential of exogenous Alpha-Ketoglutarate(AKG)in mitigating Ni-induced stress in Peganum harmala L.Seedlings were exposed to 0,200,500,and 750μM NiCl2,with or without AKG supplementation.Under 750μM Ni stress,dry weight(DW)decreased by 33.7%,tissue water content(TWC)by 39.9%,and chlorophyll a and total chlorophyll levels were reduced by 17%and 15%,respectively.Ni exposure also significantly increased secondary metabolite production,with leaf anthocyanin content rising by 131%,and superoxide dismutase(SOD)and catalase(CAT)activities increasing by 228%and 53%,respectively,in roots at 500μM Ni.AKG treatment alleviated Ni toxicity by enhancing TWC by 39%and promoting root and shoot growth.Additionally,AKG treatment boosted the synthesis of phenolic compounds and flavonoids,contributing to improved tolerance against Ni stress.These findings demonstrate the potential of AKG in enhancing Ni tolerance in P.harmala,suggesting its promising role in bioremediation of metal-contaminated soils.This is the first study to report the beneficial effects of exogenous AKG in alleviating nickel toxicity in P.harmala L.,offering a new approach for improving plant resilience to heavy metal stress.
基金supported jointly by the earmarked fund for CARS-10-GW2the key research and development program of Hainan Province(Grant No.ZDYF2020226)+1 种基金Collaborative innovation center of Nanfan and high-efficiency tropical agriculture,Hainan University(Grant No.XTCX2022NYC21)funding of Hainan University[Grant No.KYQD(ZR)22123]。
文摘Heat stress hinders the growth and productivity of sweetpotato plants,predominantly through oxidative damage to cellular membranes.Therefore,the development of efficient approaches for mitigating heat-related impairments is essential for the long-term production of sweetpotatoes.Melatonin has been recognised for its capacity to assist plants in dealing with abiotic stress conditions.This research aimed to investigate how different doses of exogenous melatonin influence heat damage in sweetpotato plants.Heat stress drastically affected shoot and root fresh weight by 31.8 and 44.5%,respectively.This reduction resulted in oxidative stress characterised by increased formation of hydrogen peroxide(H_(2)O_(2))by 804.4%,superoxide ion(O_(2)^(·-))by 211.5%and malondialdehyde(MDA)by 234.2%.Heat stress also reduced chlorophyll concentration,photosystemⅡefficiency(F_v/F_m)by 15.3%and gaseous exchange.However,pre-treatment with 100μmol L^(-1)melatonin increased growth and reduced oxidative damage to sweetpotato plants under heat stress.In particular,melatonin decreased H_(2)O_(2),O_(2)^(·-)and MDA by 64.8%,42.7%and 38.2%,respectively.Melatonin also mitigated the decline in chlorophyll levels and improved stomatal traits,gaseous exchange and F_(v)/F_(m)(13%).Results suggested that the favorable outcomes of melatonin treatment can be associated with elevated antioxidant enzyme activity and an increase in non-enzymatic antioxidants and osmo-protectants.Overall,these findings indicate that exogenous melatonin can improve heat stress tolerance in sweetpotatoes.This stu dy will assist re searchers in further investigating how melatonin makes sweetpotatoes more resistant to heat stress.
基金supported by the Coordenacao de Aperfeicoamento de Pessoal de Nivel Superior-Brasil(CAPES)[Finance Code 001](to MGS)Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico(CNPq)fellowship[research grants 309840/2022-8]。
文摘Neuroinflammation is an inflammatory response in the central nervous system associated with various neurological conditions.The inflammatory process is typically treated with non-steroidal and steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs,which have a range of serious adverse effects.As an alternative,naturally derived molecules such as quercetin and its derivatives show promising anti-inflammatory properties and beneficial effects on various physiological functions.Our objective was to synthesize the evidence on the anti-inflammatory effect of quercetin and its derivatives in in vivo models,in the face of neuroinflammatory insults induced by lipopolysaccharide,through a systematic review and meta-analysis.A search of the preclinical literature was conducted across four databases(Pub Med,Web of Science,Scielo,and Google Scholar).Studies were selected based on inclusion and exclusion criteria,assessed for methodological quality using CAMARADES,and risk of bias using the SYRCLE tool,and data were extracted from the studies.The quantitative assessment of quercetin effects on the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and microgliosis was performed through a meta-analysis.A total of 384 potentially relevant articles were identified,of which 11 studies were included in the analysis.The methodological quality was assessed,resulting in an average score of 5.8/10,and the overall risk of bias analysis revealed a lack of methodological clarity in most studies.Furthermore,through the meta-analysis,it was observed that treatment with quercetin statistically reduces pro-inflammatory cytokines,such as tumor necrosis factor alpha,interleukin 6,interleukin 1β(n=89;SMD=–2.00;95%CI:–3.29 to–0.71),and microgliosis(n=33;SMD=–2.56;95%CI:–4.07 to–1.10).In terms of underlying mechanisms,quercetin and its derivatives exhibit antioxidant and anti-apoptotic properties,possibly through the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2(Nrf2)/HO-1 pathways,increasing the expression of antioxidant enzymes and reducing reactive species,and modulating the caspase pathway,increasing levels of anti-apoptotic proteins and decreasing proapoptotic proteins.Quercetin and its derivatives exhibit highly pleiotropic actions that simultaneously contribute to preventing neuroinflammation.However,despite promising results in animal models,future directions should focus on well-designed clinical studies to assess the safety,bioavailability,and efficacy of quercetin and its derivatives in humans.Additionally,standardization of methods and dosages in studies is crucial to ensure consistency of findings and optimize their application in clinical settings.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(31270674)Science and Technology Planning Project of Zhaoqing City,Guangdong Province(2019N012)National Undergraduate Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Program(202210580007).
文摘[Objectives]This study was conducted to investigate the regulatory effects of selenium(Se)on the content and balance of endogenous hormones and the function of antioxidant system during seed development in Red sandalwood(Pterocarpus santalinus).[Methods]Two basic treatments,seven single-fertilization treatments,and four combined fertilization treatments were designed.Sampling was conducted at 2,5,8,and 18 weeks after flower withering to measure the embryo abortion percentage(EAP),the contents of three endogenous hormones(IAA,GA_(3),ABA),and the activities of four antioxidant enzymes(CAT,APX,SOD,GR).[Results]Se application significantly inhibited embryo abortion in Red sandalwood,with Na_(2)SeO_(3)[Se(IV)]showing superior effects to Na_(2)SeO_(3)(Se(VI))and far exceeding the efficacy of individual applications of KCl,H_(3)BO_(3),CO(NH_(2))_(2),Ca(H_(2)PO_(4))_(2),NPK compound fertilizer,or EFOF.The combined treatment of Se with NPK compound fertilizer and EFOF[EFOF+NPK compound fertilizer+Se(IV)]was the most effective,reducing the abortion percentage by 77.8%compared with UMC at 18 weeks after flower withering.Se application significantly increased the levels of three endogenous hormones and the(IAA+GA_(3))/ABA ratio in Red sandalwood seeds(including the embryonic stage).In the optimal treatment,the(IAA+GA_(3))content was 240.7%,256.4%,353.7%,and 502.9%higher than that of UMC at 2,5,8,and 18 weeks after flower withering,respectively.Se application also concurrently enhanced antioxidant enzyme activities,with all four antioxidant enzymes in seeds of Se-treated plants showing significant increases.Notably,the selenoenzyme GR maintained considerably high activity even at 18 weeks after flower withering.The EAP was highly significantly negatively correlated with IAA content and GR activity,identifying IAA and(IAA+GA_(3))content as key hormonal indicators and GR as the core antioxidant enzyme,together constituting the central regulatory factors.The results indicate that Se suppresses embryo abortion in Red sandalwood through a dual regulatory pathway:by elevating IAA and GA_(3)levels along with the(IAA+GA_(3))/ABA ratio to optimize hormonal signaling networks,and by enhancing the activities of antioxidant enzymes such as GR to alleviate oxidative stress induced by cool-season low temperatures.[Conclusions]This study provides a theoretical basis and technical strategy for precision fertilization and stress resistance management in the cultivation of Red sandalwood.
基金financially supported by the Chief Scientist of the Ministry of Agriculture,grant number 20-04-0015,Rishon Lezion,Israel。
文摘Background The placenta plays a crucial role in supporting and influencing fetal development.We compared the effects of prepartum supplementation with omega-3(n-3)fatty acid(FA)sources,flaxseed oil(FLX)and fish oil(FO),on the expression of genes and proteins related to lipid metabolism,inflammation,oxidative stress,and the endocannabinoid system(ECS)in the expelled placenta,as well as on FA profile and inflammatory response of neonates.Late-pregnant Holstein dairy cows were supplemented with saturated fat(CTL),FLX,or FO.Placental cotyledons(n=5)were collected immediately after expulsion,and extracted RNA and proteins were analyzed by RTPCR and proteomic analysis.Neonatal blood was assessed for FA composition and concentrations of inflammatory markers.Results FO increased the gene expression of fatty acid binding protein 4(FABP4),interleukin 10(IL-10),catalase(CAT),cannabinoid receptor 1(CNR1),and cannabinoid receptor 2(CNR2)compared with CTL placenta.Gene expression of ECS-enzyme FA-amide hydrolase(FAAH)was lower in FLX and FO than in CTL.Proteomic analysis identified 3,974 proteins;of these,51–59 were differentially abundant between treatments(P≤0.05,|fold change|≥1.5).Top canonical pathways enriched in FLX vs.CTL and in FO vs.CTL were triglyceride metabolism and inflammatory processes.Both n-3 FA increased the placental abundance of FA binding proteins(FABPs)3 and 7.The abundance of CNR1 cannabinoid-receptor-interacting-protein-1(CNRIP1)was reduced in FO vs.FLX.In silico modeling affirmed that bovine FABPs bind to endocannabinoids.The FLX increased the abundance of inflammatory CD44-antigen and secreted-phosphoprotein-1,whereas prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 was decreased in FO vs.CTL placenta.Maternal FO enriched neonatal plasma with n-3 FAs,and both FLX and FO reduced interleukin-6 concentrations compared with CTL.Conclusion Maternal n-3 FA from FLX and FO differentially affected the bovine placenta;both enhanced lipid metabolism and modulated oxidative stress,however,FO increased some transcriptional ECS components,possibly related to the increased FABPs.Maternal FO induced a unique balance of pro-and anti-inflammatory components in the placenta.Taken together,different sources of n-3 FA during late pregnancy enhanced placental immune and metabolic processes,which may affect the neonatal immune system.
基金This paper was supported by Universiti Putra Malaysia,Innohub Grant Scheme(Vote No.9005004)D’Khairan Farm Sdn Bhd(Vote No.6300349).
文摘Drought stress is a major factor affecting plant growth and crop yield production.Plant extracts as natural biostimulants hold great potential to strengthen plants to overcome drought impacts.To explore the effect of Polygonum minus extract(PME)in enhancing drought tolerance in plants,a study was set up in a glasshouse environment using 10 different treatment combinations.PME foliar application were designed in CRD and effects were closely observed related to the growth,physiology,and antioxidant system changes in maize(Zea mays L.)under well-watered and drought conditions.The seaweed extract(SWE)was used as a comparison.Plants subjected to drought stress exhibited a significant reduction in fresh weight,dry weight,relative water content(RWC),and soluble sugar,but they stimulated the phenolic,flavonoid,proline,glutathione(GSH),malondialdehyde(MDA)and antioxidant enzyme(catalase,CAT;peroxidase,POD;superoxide dismutase,SOD)activities.Foliar application of PME improved fresh and dry weight(FW:33.1%~41.4%;DW:48.0%~43.1%),chlorophyll content(Chl b:87.9%~100.76%),soluble sugar(23.6%~49.3%),and soluble protein(48.6%~56.9%)as well as antioxidant enzyme activities(CAT and POD)compared to CK under drought conditions.while decreasing the level of MDA.Notably,the mitigating effect of PME application with high concentration was more effective than those of SWE.Our study reveals that PME could alleviate drought stress by regulating osmoprotectant content and antioxidant defense system and can be used as an economical and environmentally friendly biostimulants for promoting maize growth under drought stress.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China,Grant Number 31800581.
文摘Ellagic acid(EA)is a natural antioxidant,widely present in a lot of forms’soft fruits,nuts,and other plant tissues,and helpful for promoting human health;however,its protective effect on postharvest fruit and improving the quality index of postharvest fruit have rarely been studied.In this experiment,the strawberries were soaked in 0,100,200,300,400,and 500 mg L^(−1) EA,respectively,and the influential EA on fruit quality and the antioxidant system of strawberries were studied.Compared with the control,EA treatment can reduce the browning degree and rotting rate of strawberry fruit during storage and augment the soluble solid content(SSC).EA treatment can also increase the content of related stuff and enzyme activity in antioxidant systems;the gene expression level of polyphenol oxidase(PPO)in strawberries treated with EA was always down-regulated,correspondingly,the expression of other antioxidant enzyme genes was enhanced.Among the strawberry fruits treated with EA of different concentrations,300 mg L^(−1) EA had the best effect in the process of strawberry preservation.The results suggested that the proper concentration of exogenous EA at 300 mg L−1 could maintain strawberries’quality and enhance the antioxidant system by improving the activities of antioxidative enzymes and the ascorbateglutathione(AsA-GSH)cycle during storage.
基金supported by National Key R&D Program of China(No.2019YFA0110600)National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.82370929,81970916)+3 种基金Sichuan Science and Technology Program(No.2022NSFSC0002)Sichuan Province Youth Science and Technology Innovation Team(No.2022JDTD0021)Research and Develop Program,West China Hospital of Stomatology Sichuan University(No.RD03202302)Science and technology support plan project of Guizhou Provincial Department of science and technology(No.Qiankehe support[2022]General264)。
文摘This article reviews the latest research advances of tetrahedral framework nucleic acid(t FNA)-based systems in their fabrication,modification,and the potential applications in biomedicine.TFNA arises from the synthesis of four single-stranded DNA chains.Each chain contains brief sequences that complement those found in the other three,culminating in the creation of a pyramid-shaped nanostructure of approximately 10 nanometers in size.The first generation of t FNA demonstrates inherent compatibility with biological systems and the ability to permeate cell membrane effectively.These attributes translate into remarkable capabilities for regulating various cellular biological processes,fostering tissue regeneration,and modulating immune responses.The subsequent evolution of t FNA introduces enhanced adaptability and a relatively higher degree of biological stability.This advancement encompasses structural modifications,such as the addition of functional domains at the vertices or side arms,integration of low molecular weight pharmaceuticals,and the implementation of diverse strategies aimed at reversing multi-drug resistance in tumor cells or microorganisms.These augmentations empower t FNA-based systems to be utilized in different scenarios,thus broadening their potential applications in various biomedical fields.
基金supported by National Programs for Coordinated Promotion of Major Agricultural Technologies(Grant No.2021-ZYXT-02–1)Key Projects of Key research and Development Programs of Jiangsu Province(Grant No.BE2021323)+2 种基金the“333 Project”Scientific Research Project of Jiangsu Province(Grant No.70)Rural Revitalization Project of Huai’an(Grant No.HAN202312)Talent Introduction Research Project of Huaiyin Institute of Technology(Z301B22504).
文摘Melatonin and abscisic acid,as major plant hormones,play important roles in the physiological and biochemical activities of crops,but the interaction between the two under salt stress is not yet clear.This study investigated the endogenous levels of melatonin and abscisic acid in rice by using exogenous melatonin,abscisic acid,and their synthetic inhibitors,and examined their interactions under salt stress.The research results indicate that melatonin and abscisic acid can improve rice salt tolerance.Melatonin alleviated the salt sensitivity caused by abscisic acid deficiency,increased antioxidant enzyme activity and antioxidant content in rice treated with abscisic acid synth-esis inhibitors,and reduced total reactive oxygen species content and thiobarbituric acid reactive substance accu-mulation.Melatonin also increased the activity of key photosynthetic enzymes and the content of photosynthetic pigments,maintaining the parameters of photosynthetic gas exchange and chlorophyllfluorescence.In summary,melatonin alleviated the effects of abscisic acid deficiency on photosynthesis and antioxidant systems in rice and improved salt tolerance.This study is beneficial for expanding the understanding of melatonin regulation of crop salt tolerance.
基金This work was financially supported by grants from the National Research and Development Program of China(2020YFA0211200,2020YFA0710700)the National Science Foundation of China(82172757)+2 种基金the Program for HUST Academic Frontier Youth Team(2018QYTD01)the HCP Program for HUSTthe Opening fund of Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry&Materia Medica(No.BCMM202302).
文摘Photodynamic therapy(PDT)can produce high levels of reactive oxygen species(ROS)to kill tumor cells and induce antitumor immunity.However,intracellular antioxidant systems,including glutathione(GSH)system and thioredoxin(Trx)system,limit the accumulation of ROS,resulting in compromised PDT and insufficient immune stimulation.Herein,we designed a nanomedicine PtHPs co-loading photosensitizer pyropheophorbide a(PPa)and cisplatin prodrug Pt-COOH(Ⅳ)(Pt(Ⅳ))based on hydroxyethyl starch(HES)to inhibit both GSH and Trx antioxidant systems and achieve potent PDT as well as antitumor immune responses.Specifically,HES-PPa and HES-Pt were obtained by coupling HES with PPa and Pt(Ⅳ),and assembled into nanoparticle PtHPs by emulsification method to achieve the purpose of co-delivery of PPa and Pt(Ⅳ).PtHPs improved PPa photostability while retaining PPa photodynamic properties.In vitro experiments showed that PtHPs reduced GSH,inhibited Trx system and had better cell-killing effect and ROS generation ability.Subcutaneous tumormodels showed that PtHPs had good safety and tumor inhibition effect.Bilateral tumor models suggested that PtHPs promoted the release of damage-associated molecular patterns and the maturation of dendritic cells,induced T cell-mediated immune responses,and thus suppressed the growth of both primary and distal tumors.This study reports a novel platinum-based nanomedicine and provides a newstrategy for boosting PDT therapy-mediated antitumor immunity by overcoming intrinsic antioxidant systems.
文摘Water stress is a critical environmental adversity that significantly impacts the growth,development,and yield of flax plants.In this study,flax seeds were cultivated under different water irrigation requirements(WIR)(100%,75%,and 50%)to investigate the effects of exogenously supplied nitric oxide(NO)donor sodium nitroprusside(SNP)as foliar treatments at concentrations of 0.0 mmol/L,0.5 mmol/L,1.0 mmol/L,and 2.0 mmol/L.Drought stress led to a significant decrease in plant growth,photosynthetic pigments,yield components such as oil and total carbohydrate percentage.It also resulted in an increase in leaf H2O2 production,lipid peroxidation levels and activities of enzymatic antioxidants including polyphenol oxidase,superoxide dismutase,and nitrate reductase enzymes.However,foliar application of SNP improved photosynthetic pigments and antioxidant defense system which mitigated the negative impact of water stress on growth and yield productivity by reducing oxidative damage caused by reactive oxygen species accumulation.The use of SNP also decreased H_(2)O_(2) accumulation levels,lipid peroxidation levels,and improved membrane stability.SNP treatment at concentration of 2 mmol/L showed superior results compared to other concentrations with extremely significant increases observed in yield characteristics such as oil content,total carbohydrate percentages,and unsaturated fatty acids to saturated fatty acids ratio.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52000043,and 51838005)the intro-duced innovative R&D team project under the“The Pearl River Talent Recruitment Program”of Guangdong Province(No.2019ZT08L387)+2 种基金the Guangdong Natural Science Foundation(No.2023A1515011509)the Science and Technology Research Project of Guangzhou(Nos.202201020177,202102020986 and 202102021044)the special fund from Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology,Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences,Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.20K01KLDWST).
文摘The effects of cast iron pipe corrosion onwater quality risk and microbial ecology in drinking water distribution systems(DWDSs)were investigated.It was found that trihalomethane(THMs)concentration and antibiotic resistance genes(ARGs)increased sharply in the old DWDSs.Under the same residual chlorine concentration conditions,the adenosine triphos-phate concentration in the effluent of old DWDSs(Eff-old)was significantly higher than that in the effluent of newDWDSs.Moreover,stronger bioflocculation ability andweaker hy-drophobicity coexisted in the extracellular polymeric substances of Eff-old,meanwhile,iron particles could be well inserted into the structure of the biofilms to enhance the mechanical strength and stability of the biofilms,hence enhancing the formation of THMs.Old DWDSs significantly influenced the microbial community of bulk water and triggered stronger mi-crobial antioxidant systems response,resulting in higher ARGs abundance.Corroded cast iron pipes induced a unique interaction system of biofilms,chlorine,and corrosion prod-ucts.Therefore,as the age of cast iron pipes increases,the fluctuation of water quality and microbial ecology should be paid more attention to maintain the safety of tap water.
文摘Background: Contrast-induced acute kidney injury (CI-AKI) is the third most common cause of AKI in hospitalized patients. Contrast agents mainly cause acute kidney injury through hypoxic damage to renal parenchyma and toxic effects on renal capillaries and tubules. Patients with CI-AKI are more likely to experience adverse events, including longer hospital stay and costs, longer ICU stay, and higher mortality rates. This article elaborates on the definition, epidemiology, risk factors, pathogenesis, and prevention strategies of CI-AKI. Methods: We conducted an extensive literature search using contrast agents and AKI as keywords to identify relevant studies on CI-AKI. Conclusion: CI-AKI is a significant clinical challenge that requires a multifaceted approach to prevention and management. Understanding the risk factors, pathophysiology, and current best practices is essential for healthcare providers to optimize patient care and improve outcomes in those undergoing contrast-enhanced imaging procedures. Hydration therapy is currently the main prevention method, but antioxidants may also become a new strategy.
基金Supported by Natural Science Foundation in Guangxi Province(0728040)~~
文摘[Objective] The paper aims to study the effects of drought stress on antioxidation system of different Citrus rootstock leaves. [Method] Potted plant experiments were carried out to control the water content of soil in pots,in order to investigate the effects of drought stress on antioxidation system activity （SOD,POD and CAT） and the content of protein,GSH,MDA and O-·2 from the leaves of Shandong Zhike,Ningminju,Yangshuojinbaosuanju,Huapijinju and Guizhi No.1. [Result] The content of chlorophyll a,chlorophyll b and chlorophyll （a＋b） from the test 5 breeds decreased with the enhancement of drought stress,and there were significant differences between them and the control under the severe stress; the activities of SOD,POD and CAT from the 5 breeds increased as the drought stress strengthened; the content of soluble protein declined while that of GSH,MDA and O-·2 rose because of the drought stress. [Conclusion] This research provided a good reference to choose the breeds of citrus rootstocks in arid and semi-arid areas.
文摘[Objective] The mitigative effect of antioxidase system of a rice mutant with low chlorophyll b on photooxidative damage was studied.[Method] A rice mutant with low chlorophyll b and its wild type were taken as experimental materials to comparatively research their peroxide (H2O2) contents, the activity and isozymes of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and peroxidase (POD) in chloroplast.[Result] Compared with the wild type, there were many kinds of SOD, POD and CAT isozymes in leaf cells and chloroplast cell of mutant, and the activity of SOD, POD and CAT isozymes in leaf cells and chloroplast cell of mutant was also correspondingly higher. Under intense light condition, the H2O2 content of chloroplast in mutant was less than that in the wild type. [Conclusion] The higher activity of scavenging active oxygen can relieve the photooxidative damage made by excessive light energy of intense light on photosynthetic membrane, which is an important reason for higher photosystem Ⅱ (PS II) stability of this mutant.
基金Supported by Scientific Research Projects Units of Science and Technology Department of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region for Financial Support(Project No.2013911072)~~
文摘[Objective] The aim was to study the antioxidant effect of polyphenols from pomegranate peel in vivo. [Method] The Kunming rats were randomly divided into a control group, a low-dose group, a middle-dose group and a high-dose group,n=10; the protein content, the activities of the superoxide dismutase（SOD） and the glutathione peroxidase（GSH-PX）, the content of the maleic dialdehyde（MDA） in serum and liver tissue of the rats from different groups were determined. [Result]The polyphenols of pomegranate peel could increase protein content, activities of superoxide dismutase（SOD） and glutathione peroxidase（GSH-PX） in serum and liver tissue, and decrease the maleic dialdehyde（MDA） content simultaneously. [Conclusion] Polyphenols of pomegranate peel have strong antioxidant activity in vivo.
基金supported by the Key Research Projects of Universities of Henan Province,No.21A320064 (to XS)the National Key Research and Development Program of China,No.2021YFA1201504 (to LZ)+1 种基金the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Science,No.XDB36000000 (to CW)the National Natural Science Foundation of China,Nos.31971295,12374406 (both to LZ)。
文摘Spinal cord injuries lead to significant loss of motor, sensory, and autonomic functions, presenting major challenges in neural regeneration. Achieving effective therapeutic concentrations at injury sites has been a slow process, partly due to the difficulty of delivering drugs effectively. Nanoparticles, with their targeted delivery capabilities, biocompatibility, and enhanced bioavailability over conventional drugs, are garnering attention for spinal cord injury treatment. This review explores the current mechanisms and shortcomings of existing treatments, highlighting the benefits and progress of nanoparticle-based approaches. We detail nanoparticle delivery methods for spinal cord injury, including local and intravenous injections, oral delivery, and biomaterial-assisted implantation, alongside strategies such as drug loading and surface modification. The discussion extends to how nanoparticles aid in reducing oxidative stress, dampening inflammation, fostering neural regeneration, and promoting angiogenesis. We summarize the use of various types of nanoparticles for treating spinal cord injuries, including metallic, polymeric, protein-based, inorganic non-metallic, and lipid nanoparticles. We also discuss the challenges faced, such as biosafety, effectiveness in humans, precise dosage control, standardization of production and characterization, immune responses, and targeted delivery in vivo. Additionally, we explore future directions, such as improving biosafety, standardizing manufacturing and characterization processes, and advancing human trials. Nanoparticles have shown considerable progress in targeted delivery and enhancing treatment efficacy for spinal cord injuries, presenting significant potential for clinical use and drug development.
基金Supported by Guangdong International Cooperation Program (2010B050600005)Guangdong Comprehensive Strategic Cooperation Project of CAS (2009B091300135)Guangdong Natural Science Foundation (10251064001000006)~~
文摘[Objective] The aim was to compare contents of free and bound polyphenol and antioxidation of balsam pear in different varieties. [Method] Fourteen varieties of balsam pear were chosen to analyze total contents of free or bound phenol and components of free phenol. FRAP （Freeic reducing/antioxidant power）, DPPH （1,1diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazy）, and ABTS ＋· （2, 2’-azinobis-3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid diammonium salt） were used to measure antioxidation and analyze relationship between polyphenol content and antioxidation. [Result] Among the fourteen varieties of balsam pear, free, bound and total phenols were 157.58 -382.92, 6.46 -54 and 175.27 -413.79 mg GAE/100 g DW; coefficients of variance were 23.50% , 61.04% and 21.58%, respectively; free phenol accounted for 91.34% of total phenol and bound phenol accounted for 8.66% ; contents of total flavone for the fourteen varieties were from 8.97 to 18.22 mg CE/100 g DW and the coefficient was at 22.80%; vanillic aldehyde acid, epicatechin and rutin differed in contents among different varieties, which changed in 1.83-9.29, 35.17-114.52 and 0.91-4.53 mg/100 g DW and the coefficients were 43.85%, 26.97% and 33.09%; FRAP antioxidation was at 272.16 -713.32 mg TE/100 g DW and coefficient at 27.67% ; IC 50 of DPPH and ABTS ＋· clearance were 11.43-34.14 and 21.57-119.71 mg GAE/100 g DW and coefficients were at 35.10% and 63.75% , accordingly; content of total phenol was of extremely positive correlation with FRAP （P0.01） and of extremely negative correlation with IC 50 of DPPH and ABTS ＋ · clearance （P0.01）. [Conclusion] Contents of phenolic compounds and antioxidation are of significant genotype differences; and phenolic substance and antioxidation are mainly in free form and phenolic substance is the major basis for antioxidation.
文摘Fatty acids are the main constituents of vegetable oils.To determine the fatty acid compositions of small trade vegetable oils and some less well studied beneficial vegetable oils,and investigate their relationships with antioxidant activity and oxidative stability,gas chromatography-mass spectrometry was performed to characterize the associated fatty acid profiles.The antioxidant activity of vegetable oils,based on their DPPH-scavenging capacity(expressed as IC_(50) values),was used to assess their impact on human health,and their oxidative stability was characterized by performing lipid oxidation analysis to determine the oxidative induction time of fats and oils.In addition,correlation analyses were performed to examine associations between the fatty acid composition of the oils and DPPH-scavenging capacity and oxidative stability.The results revealed that among the assessed oils,coffee seed oil has the highest saturated fatty acid content(355.10 mg/g),whereas Garddenia jaminoides oil has the highest unsaturated fatty acid content(844.84 mg/g).Coffee seed oil was also found have the lowest DPPH IC_(50) value(2.30 mg/mL)and the longest oxidation induction time(17.09 h).Correlation analysis revealed a significant linear relationship(P<0.05)between oxidative stability and unsaturated fatty acid content,with lower contents tending to be associated with better oxidative stability.The findings of this study provide reference data for the screening of functional edible vegetable oils.
