Hydrogel is frequently used as a solid electrolyte for all solid-state supercapacitors(SCs)because of its liquid-like ion-transport property and high conformability.However,due to the higher water content,the hydrogel...Hydrogel is frequently used as a solid electrolyte for all solid-state supercapacitors(SCs)because of its liquid-like ion-transport property and high conformability.However,due to the higher water content,the hydrogel electrolyte undergoes inevitable freezing and/or dehydration with climate change.Herein,polypyrrole/carbon all-solid-state SCs(PCSCs)were developed based on a hierarchical polypyrrole/carbon nanotube electrode and a highly stretchable double-network polymer hydrogel electrolyte with LiCl/ethylene glycol as a mixed solvent.The PCSCs showed excellent electrochemical performance and cycle stability with a wide operating temperature.The specific capacitances could reach 202.2 and 112.3 mF cm^(−2)at current densities of 0.5 and 3.0 mA cm^(−2),respectively.Meanwhile,the PCSCs showed outstanding mechanical properties in maintaining a high areal capacitance under deformations of bending and tension.The excellent water retention of the device also ensured the stable electrochemical performance of PCSCs in a wide temperature range(30–80℃),which could potentially represent a reliable application in various harsh environments.展开更多
Hydrogel-based sensors are recognized as key players in revolutionizing robotic applications,healthcare monitoring,and the development of artificial skins.However,the primary challenge hindering the commercial adoptio...Hydrogel-based sensors are recognized as key players in revolutionizing robotic applications,healthcare monitoring,and the development of artificial skins.However,the primary challenge hindering the commercial adoption of hydrogel-based sensors is their lack of high stability,which arises from the high water content within the hydrogel structure,leading to freezing at subzero temperatures and drying issues if the protective layer is compromised.These factors result in a significant decline in the benefits offered by aqueous gel electrolytes,particularly in terms of mechanical properties and conductivity,which are crucial for flexible wearable electronics.Previous reports have highlighted several disadvantages associated with using cryoprotectant co-solvents and lower mechanical properties for ion-doped anti-freezing hydrogel sensors.In this study,the design and optimization of a photocrosslinkable ionic hydrogel utilizing silk methacrylate as a novel natural crosslinker are presented.This innovative hydrogel demonstrates significantly enhanced mechanical properties,including stretchability(>1825%),tensile strength(2.49 MPa),toughness(9.85 MJ m^(-3)),and resilience(4%hysteresis),compared to its non-ion-doped counterpart.Additionally,this hydrogel exhibits exceptional nonfreezing behavior down to-85℃,anti-drying properties with functional stability up to 2.5 years,and a signal drift of only 5.35%over 2450 cycles,whereas the control variant,resembling commonly reported hydrogels,exhibits a signal drift of 149.8%.The successful application of the developed hydrogel in advanced robotics,combined with the pioneering demonstration of combinatorial commanding using a single sensor,could potentially revolutionize sensor design,elevating it to the next level and benefiting various fields.展开更多
基金NSF of Jiangsu Province,Grant/Award Number:BK20190688NSF of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions,Grant/Award Number:21KJB430039+1 种基金NSF of Shandong Province,Grant/Award Number:ZR2020KB018Taishan Scholars”Construction Special Fund of Shandong Province,and the Industrial Alliance Fund of Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory,Grant/Award Number:SDKL016038。
文摘Hydrogel is frequently used as a solid electrolyte for all solid-state supercapacitors(SCs)because of its liquid-like ion-transport property and high conformability.However,due to the higher water content,the hydrogel electrolyte undergoes inevitable freezing and/or dehydration with climate change.Herein,polypyrrole/carbon all-solid-state SCs(PCSCs)were developed based on a hierarchical polypyrrole/carbon nanotube electrode and a highly stretchable double-network polymer hydrogel electrolyte with LiCl/ethylene glycol as a mixed solvent.The PCSCs showed excellent electrochemical performance and cycle stability with a wide operating temperature.The specific capacitances could reach 202.2 and 112.3 mF cm^(−2)at current densities of 0.5 and 3.0 mA cm^(−2),respectively.Meanwhile,the PCSCs showed outstanding mechanical properties in maintaining a high areal capacitance under deformations of bending and tension.The excellent water retention of the device also ensured the stable electrochemical performance of PCSCs in a wide temperature range(30–80℃),which could potentially represent a reliable application in various harsh environments.
基金H2020 Marie Skłodowska-Curie Actions,Grant/Award Number:899987Villum Fonden,Grant/Award Number:VIL60794。
文摘Hydrogel-based sensors are recognized as key players in revolutionizing robotic applications,healthcare monitoring,and the development of artificial skins.However,the primary challenge hindering the commercial adoption of hydrogel-based sensors is their lack of high stability,which arises from the high water content within the hydrogel structure,leading to freezing at subzero temperatures and drying issues if the protective layer is compromised.These factors result in a significant decline in the benefits offered by aqueous gel electrolytes,particularly in terms of mechanical properties and conductivity,which are crucial for flexible wearable electronics.Previous reports have highlighted several disadvantages associated with using cryoprotectant co-solvents and lower mechanical properties for ion-doped anti-freezing hydrogel sensors.In this study,the design and optimization of a photocrosslinkable ionic hydrogel utilizing silk methacrylate as a novel natural crosslinker are presented.This innovative hydrogel demonstrates significantly enhanced mechanical properties,including stretchability(>1825%),tensile strength(2.49 MPa),toughness(9.85 MJ m^(-3)),and resilience(4%hysteresis),compared to its non-ion-doped counterpart.Additionally,this hydrogel exhibits exceptional nonfreezing behavior down to-85℃,anti-drying properties with functional stability up to 2.5 years,and a signal drift of only 5.35%over 2450 cycles,whereas the control variant,resembling commonly reported hydrogels,exhibits a signal drift of 149.8%.The successful application of the developed hydrogel in advanced robotics,combined with the pioneering demonstration of combinatorial commanding using a single sensor,could potentially revolutionize sensor design,elevating it to the next level and benefiting various fields.
