Dynamic changes in mRNA expressions of liver tissue apoptosis-promoting genes Fas and Bax and apoptosis-inhibiting gene Bcl-2 of vibrio vulnificus sepsis rats were detected and the effects of antibacterial agents were...Dynamic changes in mRNA expressions of liver tissue apoptosis-promoting genes Fas and Bax and apoptosis-inhibiting gene Bcl-2 of vibrio vulnificus sepsis rats were detected and the effects of antibacterial agents were examined. The rat model with Vibrio vulnificus sepsis （VV group） was established and some of the Vibrio vulnificus sepsis rats were treated with antibacterial agents （AA group）. The mRNA expressions of Fas, Bax and Bcl-2 were measured by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction （RT-PCR）. As compared with normal control group （NC group）, the ex- pressions of Fas and Bax mRNA in liver tissue at all different time points in VV group were increased significantly （P〈0.05）, and the highest levels of Fas and Bax mRNA expressions were 6 and 12 h after the infection, respectively. At the same time, the expression of Bcl-2 mRNA in liver tissue at all different time points in VV group were decreased significantly （P〈0.05）, and the lowest level of Bcl-2 mRNA expression appeared 2 h after the infection. The mRNA expressions of Bcl-2 in liver tissue 9 and 12 h after the infection in AA group were increased significantly （P〈0.05） compared with NC group, while the expressions of Fas and Bax mRNA were not significantly different from those of NC group. Compared with VV group, the expression of Fas mRNA in AA group was decreased （P〈0.05） and Bax rnRNA was decreased significantly 12 and 16 h after the infection （P〈0.05）, while the expressions of Bcl-2 mRNA were increased significantly 9, 12 and 16 h after the infection （P〈0.05）. It is concluded that the mRNA expressions of liver tissue apoptosis-promoting genes Fas and Bax were increased remarkably in vibrio vulnificus sepsis rats, whereas the expression of apoptosis-inhibiting gene Bcl-2 mRNA was decreased obviously in sepsis rats in early stage. The treatment with cefoperazone sodium and levofloxacin lactate could inhibit the expression of Fas mRNA and Bax mRNA and enhance the expression ofBcl-2 rnRNA at the same time.展开更多
Disposal of the pollutants arising from farming cattle and other livestock threatens the environment and public safety in diverse ways.Herein,we report on the synthesis of engineered biochars using cow dung as raw mat...Disposal of the pollutants arising from farming cattle and other livestock threatens the environment and public safety in diverse ways.Herein,we report on the synthesis of engineered biochars using cow dung as raw material,and investigating these biochars as antibacterial agents for water decontamination.By coating the biochars with N-halamine polymer and loading them with active chlorine (i.e.,Cl+),we were able to regulate them on demand by tuning the polymer coating and bleaching conditions.The obtained N-halamine-modified biochars were found to be extremely potent against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus.We also investigated the possibility of using these N-halamine-modified biochars for bacterial decontamination in real-world applications.Our findings indicated that a homemade filter column packed with N-halamine-modified biochars removed pathogenic bacteria from mining sewage,dairy sewage,domestic sewage,and artificial seawater.This proposed strategy could indicate a new way for utilizing livestock pollutants to create on-demand decontaminants.展开更多
Remarkable antibacterial activity of BPA analogues especially for tetrabromobi-sphenol A against Staphylococcus aureus 25923(Sa25923)and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus(MRSA)has been reported in our previo...Remarkable antibacterial activity of BPA analogues especially for tetrabromobi-sphenol A against Staphylococcus aureus 25923(Sa25923)and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus(MRSA)has been reported in our previous studies.However,the toxic effects of the compounds as environmental contaminants on the endocrine system limited their applications in the field of medicine and health.Given the abuse of antibiotics has led to the emergence of multiple super-resistant bacteria,we considered that structural modifications based on the BPA structure will be available for molecular designing of potential antimicrobial agents without drug resistance.In this study,to further improve the antibacterial activity and reduce the biological toxicity,we performed the computational models to evaluate the binding affinities of BPA analogues to the potential target DltA protein in the biosynthesis of cell wall.A series of synthesized achiral analogues ofα,α,α′-tris(4-hydroxyphenyl)-1-ethyl-4-isopropylbenzene(α,α,α′-TEIB)exhibited low minimum inhibitory concentration against Sa25923 and MRSA(2 or 1μg mL−1).Especially,the analogue A4 did not induce the drug-resistant mutants for all tested Gram-positive bacterial strains and exhibited relatively lower cytotoxicity in HepG2 cells.The developed classification model based on the light gradient boosting algorithm showed the superior performances on the internal robustness and generalization ability for the ligand-based virtual screening of bisphenol and polyphenol antimicrobial substances.Collectively,our findings suggest that the molecular structure ofα,α,α′-TEIB is promising as a scaffold,which is expected to achieve a breakthrough in the development of antibiotics which can prevent the invasion of MRSA and other super bacteria.展开更多
Quantitatively evaluation of antibacterial activities of inorganic antibacterial agents is an urgent problem to be solved. Using experimental data by an orthogonal design, a prediction model of the relation between co...Quantitatively evaluation of antibacterial activities of inorganic antibacterial agents is an urgent problem to be solved. Using experimental data by an orthogonal design, a prediction model of the relation between conditions of preparing inorganic antibacterial agents and their antibacterial activities has been developed. This is accomplished by introducing BP artificial neural networks in the study of inorganic antibacterial agents. It provides a theoretical support for the development and research on inorganic antibacterial agents. Key words inorganic antibacterial agent - antibacterial activity - neural networks - nanometer material展开更多
This review discussed the relationship among copper,human,and bacteria.Copper plays an important role in human immunity.Copper can boost human immune defense reactions at recommended intake level.The content mainly fo...This review discussed the relationship among copper,human,and bacteria.Copper plays an important role in human immunity.Copper can boost human immune defense reactions at recommended intake level.The content mainly focused on copper antibacterial activity and copper antibacterial mechanisms.Conclusions stated that copper antibacterial activity is affected by copper homeostasis mechanisms in bacteria,adhesion,humidity,strain specificity,and manufacturing methods of antibacterial agents.For the preparation of particle antibacterial agents and surface antibacterial agents,this review discussed several manufacturing methods,such as sol−gel,cold spray,and biosynthesis belonging to chemical synthesis,physical synthesis,and biological synthesis,respectively.Sol−gel method contributes to the preparation of particle agents and surface agents.Cold spray technique is utilized in synthesis of surface copper agent.Biosynthesis is a novel technology which can be applied in nanoparticle agent preparation.展开更多
A series of novel 9-fluoro-10-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-3-substituted-8-oxo-8H-[1,2,4] triazolo[3,4-b]thiadiazino[6,5,4-ij]quinoline-7-carboxylic acids was prepared by a facile synthetic method and the in vitro antibac...A series of novel 9-fluoro-10-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-3-substituted-8-oxo-8H-[1,2,4] triazolo[3,4-b]thiadiazino[6,5,4-ij]quinoline-7-carboxylic acids was prepared by a facile synthetic method and the in vitro antibacterial activity against Gram-postive (G+) and Gram negative (G-) bacteria was primarily evaluated.展开更多
ZnO-ZrO2 nanocomposite was prepared by sol-gel method and in-situ polymerization was used to synthesize ZnO-ZrO2 nanocomposite doped polyaniline （PANI）. The materials were characterized by X-ray diffraction （XRD）,...ZnO-ZrO2 nanocomposite was prepared by sol-gel method and in-situ polymerization was used to synthesize ZnO-ZrO2 nanocomposite doped polyaniline （PANI）. The materials were characterized by X-ray diffraction （XRD）, Fourier transform infrared （FTIR） spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy （TEM）, scanning electron microscopy （SEM） and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy （EDX） to ensure the crystallite size, functional groups, morphology and chemical composition of the polymer nanocomposite complex. The average particle size of the ZnO-Zr02 nanoparticles was found to be 20.5 nm. Thermal gravimetric analysis （TGA） was used to study the thermal stability of the complex, shows improved thermal stability of polymer nanocomposite as compared to the pure organic polymer. The material also possesses good electrical conductivity. Additionally, the photocatalytic activity of the materials was investigated by monitoring the decolorization of Acid Blue 29 dye in a UV photocatalytic reactor and PANI-ZnO-ZrO2 was found to possess higher photocatalytic activity than pure PANI. Finally, the antibacterial activity of the materials was examined and it was observed that PANI-ZnO-ZrO2 could be used as an excellent antibacterial agent. Hence, desired properties could be integrated by mixing appropriate phases of the materials for specific applications such as heterogeneous catalyst, antibacterial agents, antibiotics delivery and high temperature conducting polymers.展开更多
Objective: To investigate anti-hemolytic, antibacterial and anti-cancer activities of leaf and stem extracts from Polygonum odoratum. Methods: Leaves and stems of Polygonum odoratum were extracted using methanol and t...Objective: To investigate anti-hemolytic, antibacterial and anti-cancer activities of leaf and stem extracts from Polygonum odoratum. Methods: Leaves and stems of Polygonum odoratum were extracted using methanol and their anti-hemolytic activity was assessed using 2, 2′-Azobis(2-methylpropionamidine) dihydrochloride which is known to generate free radical damage on cell membranes of red blood cells. This damage, represented by hemolysis, was measured using spectrophotometry. Antibacterial activity was tested by using a broth microdilution method to find minimal inhibitory concentrations against eight bacterial strains. Anti-cancer activity of the extracts was evaluated against a human promyelocytic leukemic cell line(HL-60) by using MTT assay for cell viability and flow cytometry for apoptosis induction and cell cycle analysis. Results: Both leaf and stem extracts have anti-hemolytic activity. The results showed a significantly increased percentage of inhibition in a concentration-dependent manner. Interestingly, the leaf extract showed anti-hemolytic activity to a greater extent than the stem extract. Antibacterial activity of the extracts, as indicated by their minimal inhibitory concentration, using 12.5, 50, 25, 25 μg/mL, was measured against Staphylococcus epidermidis, Enterococcus faecium, Enterococcus faecalis and Staphylococcus aureus. The leaf extracts also exhibited anti-cancer activity, demonstrated by significantly decreased cell viability of human promyelocytic cells(HL-60), with an IC_(50) of(350.00±1.85) μg/mL for 48 h and(38.00±0.92) μg/mL for 72 h. Additionally, HL-60 became apoptotic and accumulated in G_1-phase after 48 hours of treatment. Conclusions: The extracts of Polygonum odoratum exhibit potential antihemolytic activity. They also have antibacterial activity by inhibiting growth of Gram-positive bacteria. The leaf extract shows anti-cancer activity against HL-60 to a greater extent than the stem extract, causing decreased viability, increased G_1-phase accumulation and apoptosis induction.展开更多
Hydrazones of poorly studied fluorine-containing oxamic acid thiohydrazides were synthesized by the reaction with salicylaldehydes. Tests showed that the newly synthesized compounds were effective low-toxic inhibitors...Hydrazones of poorly studied fluorine-containing oxamic acid thiohydrazides were synthesized by the reaction with salicylaldehydes. Tests showed that the newly synthesized compounds were effective low-toxic inhibitors of type III secretion system in Chlamydia trachomatis.展开更多
Lack of antibacterial properties in resin-based composites (RBCs) is one of the flaws that cause the failure of filling clinically. Several agents have been incorporated to endow RBCs with antibacterial properties. In...Lack of antibacterial properties in resin-based composites (RBCs) is one of the flaws that cause the failure of filling clinically. Several agents have been incorporated to endow RBCs with antibacterial properties. In this review, we summarize the recent antibacterial agents between 2015 and 2020 using keywords of antibacterial or antimicrobial dental resin composites by PubMed databases. The most effective strategies are concerned with polymerizable monomers (50%), followed by filler particles (39%) and leachable agents (11%). A recent modification of the antibacterial agent is either by combining two agents from the same category or mixing agents from different categories in one. More than two methods were used in one study to assess antibacterial efficacy. The most common method was biofilm colony-forming units (CFUs) counting method (40%), followed by live/dead bacteria staining assay of biofilms (25%), metabolic activity assay of biofilms using MTT assay (16%), lactic acid production assay of biofilms (8%), agar diffusion test (8%), and other methods (3%) such as minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC).展开更多
To find new structural leading compounds for the research of the multidrug resistant of antibacterial agents, five novel 8-substituted phenyl-1-pyridin-3-yl-5H-bis[1, 2, 4] triazolo[3, 4-b; 4′, 3′-d] thiadiazines we...To find new structural leading compounds for the research of the multidrug resistant of antibacterial agents, five novel 8-substituted phenyl-1-pyridin-3-yl-5H-bis[1, 2, 4] triazolo[3, 4-b; 4′, 3′-d] thiadiazines were prepared from the corresponding intermediates of 3-(5-substituted phenyl[1,3,4]oxadiazol-2-ylmethylsulfanyl)-5-pyridin-3-yl-[1,2,4]triazol-4-ylamines via intramole- cular cyclization and the antibacterial activity in vitro against Gram-postive (G+) and Gram negative (G-) bacteria was primarily evaluated.展开更多
The efficient adsorption of radioactive iodine(^(129)I and^(131)I)as nuclear waste is of great importance.Polymer nanocomposites consist of metal-organic frameworks(MOFs)developing for various pollutions sorption and ...The efficient adsorption of radioactive iodine(^(129)I and^(131)I)as nuclear waste is of great importance.Polymer nanocomposites consist of metal-organic frameworks(MOFs)developing for various pollutions sorption and separation have attracted much attention.This study reports the fabrication of magnetic polyacrylonitrile(PAN)/zeolitic imidazolate frameworks(ZIF-8)nanocomposites,PAN/ZIF-8(x%)/Fe_(3)O_(4),x=30 and 50,as iodine capture adsorbents.The PAN/ZIF-8(x%)/Fe_(3)O_(4)nanocomposite beads were fabricated via the phase inversion method,and their potential for iodine capture and separation in solution and vapor was investigated through UV-vis and weighing methods,respectively.Also,antibacterial activity of the as-prepared beads was assessed against E.coil and S.aureus.The as-fabricated compounds were studied by various techniques such as Fourier-transform infrared,X-ray diffraction,scanning electron microscope,energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy mapping,transmission electron microscope,N_(2)adsorption isotherm,and vibrating sample magnetometer.The iodine capture results showed that the efficiency of nanocomposites is remarkably higher than the pure PAN beads.Additionally,the asprepared nanocomposite adsorbents displayed higher capture capacities for iodine vapor(1524-4345mg·g^(-1))than iodine solution(187-295 mg·g^(-1)).The as-obtained magnetic nanocomposites can be successfully separated from polluted media by simple filtration or an external magnet,regenerated through washing with ethanol,and reused.Fast capturing,high sorption capacity,rapid separation,and good reusability make the PAN/ZIF-8(x%)/Fe_(3)O_(4)nanocomposites highly effective adsorbents for the separation of iodine from wastewater.Additionally,PAN/ZIF-8(50%)/Fe_(3)O_(4)bead can be considered as a potential new antibacterial agent for water and wastewater treatment.展开更多
Several kinds of activated carbon fiber（ACF）, Granule Activated carbon（AC） containing silver ion or fine silver particle(Ag-ACF/AC) have been prepared by soaking ACF or AC in the salt solution of silver. Ag, AgCl ...Several kinds of activated carbon fiber（ACF）, Granule Activated carbon（AC） containing silver ion or fine silver particle(Ag-ACF/AC) have been prepared by soaking ACF or AC in the salt solution of silver. Ag, AgCl and AgI compounds have been loaded onto the fibers. The structure of the fibers was measured by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and powder X-ray diffraction (XRD). The Ag content in the fiber was obtained by an Atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS). The Ag+ content in water after the antibacterial test was measured by an Inductively Coupled Plasma (ICP) emission spectroscopy. Antibacterial test was carried out against Escherichia coli (E.coli) and Staphylococcus aureus (S.aureus). The results show that Ag-ACF/AC have strong antibacterial activity against E.coli and S.aureus. After dealt with ACF/AC loading Ag, AgCl, AgI, no E.coli and S.aureus alive in solution can be detected. The analysis of Ag content in water after antibacterial test showed that the content of Ag meet the quality requirement of the National Potable Water Standard. It is indicated that ACF/AC-Ag in this experiment would be a safe antibacterial agent .展开更多
Photodynamic therapy has been widely employed as an alternative strategy against bacterial infection.Molecular structure has a profound effect on the antibacterial ability of photosensitizers(PSs).Herein,we designed a...Photodynamic therapy has been widely employed as an alternative strategy against bacterial infection.Molecular structure has a profound effect on the antibacterial ability of photosensitizers(PSs).Herein,we designed and synthesized a series of boron dipyrromethene(BODIPY)-based photosensitizers with different alkyl chain lengths,and then their antibacterial activities were compared.Among these BODIPYs,the BODIPY with octyl(BDP-8)exhibits the best antibacterial effect,while the antibacterial performance of BODIPY with dodecyl(BDP-12)is the worst.This work provides instructive information for further development of effective photodynamic antimicrobial agents.展开更多
Quaternary phosphonium salts （QPS） with reactive groups used as antibacterial agents are promising which could be covalently linked to inert polymer surfaces by in situ polymerization. In this work, two kinds of qua...Quaternary phosphonium salts （QPS） with reactive groups used as antibacterial agents are promising which could be covalently linked to inert polymer surfaces by in situ polymerization. In this work, two kinds of quaternary phosphonium salts with hydroxyl groups were synthesized successfully. Characterization of these two quaternary phosphonium salts was performed by the Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy （FT-IR） and nuclear magnetic resonance （NMR） spectrometry. The thermal stability and antibacterial activity of antibacterial agents were also investigated by using thermo-gravimetric analysis, differential scanning calorimetry （TG-DSC） and agar diffusion method. The test results showed that these two QPS exhibited good thermal stability and excellent antibacterial activity against both bacteria： Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coll.展开更多
Objective To assess the effectiveness of multiple cleaning and disinfection interventions in the homes and kindergartens, in reducing gastrointestinal and respiratory illnesses of children. Methods From October 2010 t...Objective To assess the effectiveness of multiple cleaning and disinfection interventions in the homes and kindergartens, in reducing gastrointestinal and respiratory illnesses of children. Methods From October 2010 to September 2011, we performed a prospective, controlled study in China. 408 children under 5 years old were recruited and group randomized into intervention and control groups. Families and kindergartens in the intervention group were provided with antibacterial products for hand hygiene and surface cleaning or disinfection for one year. Each child＇s illness symptoms and sick leave were recorded every day. Results A total of 393 children completed the study, with similar baseline demographics in each of the 2 groups. Except for abdominal pain, the odds of symptoms （fever, cough and expectoration, runny nose and nasal congestion, diarrhea）, illness （acute respiratory illness and gastrointestinal illness）, and sick leave per person each month were significantly reduced by interventions. The rates of fever, diarrhea, acute respiratory illness, gastrointestinal illness and sick leave per person per year were significantly decreased as well. Conclusion Not only the acute respiratory children were significantly reduced by multiple and gastrointestinal illness but the sick leave rate in interventions.展开更多
To elucidate potential antioxidant, antidiarrheal, cytotoxic, and antibacterial activities of the ethanol extract of A/ocasia indica Schott tuber in different experimental models established in vitro and in vivo. METH...To elucidate potential antioxidant, antidiarrheal, cytotoxic, and antibacterial activities of the ethanol extract of A/ocasia indica Schott tuber in different experimental models established in vitro and in vivo. METHODS： In vitro antioxidant activity was evaluated by 2, 2-diphenyl-l-picrylhydrazyl （DPPH） radical-scavenging assay. Phenolic content was estimated by using Folin-Ciocalteu＇s reagent while reducing ability was measured by ferric reducing power assay./n vivo antidiarrheal studies were carried out in mice, and the activity was evaluated in castor oil and magnesium sulfate- induced diarrhea. Disk diffusion assay was utilized to determine antibacterial activity against a number of pathogenic bacterial strains. Acute toxicity test was carried out to measure the safe doses for the extract. RESULTS： In DPPH radical-scavenging assay, the extract exhibited strong radical-scavenging activity with the 50% inhibitory concentration value of 42.66 IJg/mL. Total phenolic content was found to be 542.26 mg gallic acid equivalent per 100 g of dried tuber extract, whereas flavonoid content was found to be 4.30 mg quercetin equivalent/g of dried tuber extract. In reducing power assay, the extract showed strong reducing power in a concentration-dependent manner. The extract significantly （P 〈 0.01） enhanced the latent period and decreased defecation in both castor oil- and magnesium sulfate-induced diarrhea. The extract also lessened gastrointestinal motility in mice. Potential antibacterial activity was exhibited by the extract against all the tested bacterial strains in disk diffusion assay. The 50% lethal concentration against brine shrimp nauplii was 81.09 μg/mL. CONCLUSION： The results demonstrated that the ethanol extract of A. inc/ica has potential antioxidant, antidiarrheal, cytotoxic, and antibacterial activity.展开更多
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic pathogen that contributes to high morbidity and mortality. MexAB-OprM is the main efflux pump among the Resistance-Nodulation-Division family multi-drug effiux systems, which...Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic pathogen that contributes to high morbidity and mortality. MexAB-OprM is the main efflux pump among the Resistance-Nodulation-Division family multi-drug effiux systems, which contribute greatly to the multidrug resistance of P. aeruginosa. Effiux pump inhibitors （EPIs） of MexAB-OprM could enhance the activity of the antibiotics effiuxed by MexAB-OprM, and thus they might be useful in the clinic as antibacterial synergistic agents. In this work, a new EPI of MexAB-OprM, KL-0153, was discovered by screening of a small molecular library. Its inhibition of MexAB-OprM was confirmed by assays of synergistic activity and EB accumulation. The activity of KL-0153 was shown to be synergistic with antibiotics effiuxed by MexAB-OprM when they were tested against strains expressing MexAB-OprM, especially so for the strains that express MexAB-OprM at high levels. KL-0153 showed more activity than the positive drug carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenylhydrazone in the EB accumulation assay. It cannot be neglected that KL-0153 has significant liver and kidney toxicity. However, KL-0153 may be a lead comoound for the research and development of new tvoes of EPIs.展开更多
With the increasing emergence of bacterial infections,especially multidrug-resistant(MDR)bacteria,poses an urgent threat.This study demonstrated a novel multifunctional nanotheranostics platform developed by the strat...With the increasing emergence of bacterial infections,especially multidrug-resistant(MDR)bacteria,poses an urgent threat.This study demonstrated a novel multifunctional nanotheranostics platform developed by the strategic integration of both in-situ bio-assembly imaging and target bacteria inactivation.Through the introduction of copper ions into bacteria,the Cu^(2+)could spontaneously bio-selfassembled into a multifunctional copper nanoclusters(NCs)which efficiently enhanced epigallocatechin gallate(EGCG)uptake into bacteria.While visualizing the bacteria,the developed theranostic nanoplatform exhibited highly efficient disinfection activities with negligible side effects as reflected by higher cell viability and insignificant hemolytic effects.Furthermore,the exosomal formulation of EGCG integrated with Cu^(2+)showed an increased intracellular antibacterial activity,which could eliminate most of the methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus(MRSA)phagocytosed by macrophages,guide macrophages toward M2-like phenotype polarization and alleviate inflammation,without exhibiting obvious cytotoxicity on host RAW264.7.The regimen could be viewed as an effective strategy for the sterilization of intractable bacterial infections.展开更多
Spinal epidural abscess (SEA) is a rare condition, and a delay in its diagnosis causes paralysis. In this study, we report two rare cases of delayed diagnosis of SEA whose conditions improved after a state of complete...Spinal epidural abscess (SEA) is a rare condition, and a delay in its diagnosis causes paralysis. In this study, we report two rare cases of delayed diagnosis of SEA whose conditions improved after a state of complete paralysis. The first case was a 71-year-old diabetic man who received a corticosteroid injection for shoulder pain that caused intensified pain. Thereafter, the patient developed paralysis of both legs in stage IV according to Heusner staging. Subsequently, he was diagnosed with multiple abscesses and sepsis. He was in a poor state of health. Therefore, we treated his epidural abscess conservatively. After a month, his muscle strength had improved to Heusner stage III-A, and he was transferred to another hospital. The second case was a 64-year-old diabetic man who received an epidural corticosteroid injection for lower back pain. However, the pain intensified and was admitted to the hospital for pyelonephritis. He developed paralysis in both of his arms and legs presenting as a Heusner stage IV, caused by a cervical epidural abscess. A laminoplasty was performed and paralysis was improved. However, the patient subsequently developed a left subcortical hemorrhage. He underwent surgery. However, his right hemiplegia persisted, and on Day 21, he was transferred back to the previous hospital with a Heusner III-A. We could improve the patients’ paralysis by cooperating closely with infectious disease specialists and spine surgeons, taking intensive care, applying antibacterial agents appropriately, and operating quickly.展开更多
基金supported by a grant for supporting key research programs from Zhejiang Province (No.07-F04)a Science and Technology Fund of Zhejiang Province (No.2005C30009)
文摘Dynamic changes in mRNA expressions of liver tissue apoptosis-promoting genes Fas and Bax and apoptosis-inhibiting gene Bcl-2 of vibrio vulnificus sepsis rats were detected and the effects of antibacterial agents were examined. The rat model with Vibrio vulnificus sepsis （VV group） was established and some of the Vibrio vulnificus sepsis rats were treated with antibacterial agents （AA group）. The mRNA expressions of Fas, Bax and Bcl-2 were measured by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction （RT-PCR）. As compared with normal control group （NC group）, the ex- pressions of Fas and Bax mRNA in liver tissue at all different time points in VV group were increased significantly （P〈0.05）, and the highest levels of Fas and Bax mRNA expressions were 6 and 12 h after the infection, respectively. At the same time, the expression of Bcl-2 mRNA in liver tissue at all different time points in VV group were decreased significantly （P〈0.05）, and the lowest level of Bcl-2 mRNA expression appeared 2 h after the infection. The mRNA expressions of Bcl-2 in liver tissue 9 and 12 h after the infection in AA group were increased significantly （P〈0.05） compared with NC group, while the expressions of Fas and Bax mRNA were not significantly different from those of NC group. Compared with VV group, the expression of Fas mRNA in AA group was decreased （P〈0.05） and Bax rnRNA was decreased significantly 12 and 16 h after the infection （P〈0.05）, while the expressions of Bcl-2 mRNA were increased significantly 9, 12 and 16 h after the infection （P〈0.05）. It is concluded that the mRNA expressions of liver tissue apoptosis-promoting genes Fas and Bax were increased remarkably in vibrio vulnificus sepsis rats, whereas the expression of apoptosis-inhibiting gene Bcl-2 mRNA was decreased obviously in sepsis rats in early stage. The treatment with cefoperazone sodium and levofloxacin lactate could inhibit the expression of Fas mRNA and Bax mRNA and enhance the expression ofBcl-2 rnRNA at the same time.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51663019)the Natural Science Foundation of the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region(No.2019JQ03)the Program for National Undergraduate Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training(Nos.201911709005 and 201911709006).
文摘Disposal of the pollutants arising from farming cattle and other livestock threatens the environment and public safety in diverse ways.Herein,we report on the synthesis of engineered biochars using cow dung as raw material,and investigating these biochars as antibacterial agents for water decontamination.By coating the biochars with N-halamine polymer and loading them with active chlorine (i.e.,Cl+),we were able to regulate them on demand by tuning the polymer coating and bleaching conditions.The obtained N-halamine-modified biochars were found to be extremely potent against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus.We also investigated the possibility of using these N-halamine-modified biochars for bacterial decontamination in real-world applications.Our findings indicated that a homemade filter column packed with N-halamine-modified biochars removed pathogenic bacteria from mining sewage,dairy sewage,domestic sewage,and artificial seawater.This proposed strategy could indicate a new way for utilizing livestock pollutants to create on-demand decontaminants.
基金supported by grants from the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2020YFA0907500)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22193051,21277062,21806058)+1 种基金the Excellent Discipline Cultivation Project by JHUN(2023XKZ029)the PLA Logistics Research Project of China(2023).
文摘Remarkable antibacterial activity of BPA analogues especially for tetrabromobi-sphenol A against Staphylococcus aureus 25923(Sa25923)and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus(MRSA)has been reported in our previous studies.However,the toxic effects of the compounds as environmental contaminants on the endocrine system limited their applications in the field of medicine and health.Given the abuse of antibiotics has led to the emergence of multiple super-resistant bacteria,we considered that structural modifications based on the BPA structure will be available for molecular designing of potential antimicrobial agents without drug resistance.In this study,to further improve the antibacterial activity and reduce the biological toxicity,we performed the computational models to evaluate the binding affinities of BPA analogues to the potential target DltA protein in the biosynthesis of cell wall.A series of synthesized achiral analogues ofα,α,α′-tris(4-hydroxyphenyl)-1-ethyl-4-isopropylbenzene(α,α,α′-TEIB)exhibited low minimum inhibitory concentration against Sa25923 and MRSA(2 or 1μg mL−1).Especially,the analogue A4 did not induce the drug-resistant mutants for all tested Gram-positive bacterial strains and exhibited relatively lower cytotoxicity in HepG2 cells.The developed classification model based on the light gradient boosting algorithm showed the superior performances on the internal robustness and generalization ability for the ligand-based virtual screening of bisphenol and polyphenol antimicrobial substances.Collectively,our findings suggest that the molecular structure ofα,α,α′-TEIB is promising as a scaffold,which is expected to achieve a breakthrough in the development of antibiotics which can prevent the invasion of MRSA and other super bacteria.
文摘Quantitatively evaluation of antibacterial activities of inorganic antibacterial agents is an urgent problem to be solved. Using experimental data by an orthogonal design, a prediction model of the relation between conditions of preparing inorganic antibacterial agents and their antibacterial activities has been developed. This is accomplished by introducing BP artificial neural networks in the study of inorganic antibacterial agents. It provides a theoretical support for the development and research on inorganic antibacterial agents. Key words inorganic antibacterial agent - antibacterial activity - neural networks - nanometer material
基金financial support from the fund of State Key Laboratory of Powder Metallurgy,Central South University,China
文摘This review discussed the relationship among copper,human,and bacteria.Copper plays an important role in human immunity.Copper can boost human immune defense reactions at recommended intake level.The content mainly focused on copper antibacterial activity and copper antibacterial mechanisms.Conclusions stated that copper antibacterial activity is affected by copper homeostasis mechanisms in bacteria,adhesion,humidity,strain specificity,and manufacturing methods of antibacterial agents.For the preparation of particle antibacterial agents and surface antibacterial agents,this review discussed several manufacturing methods,such as sol−gel,cold spray,and biosynthesis belonging to chemical synthesis,physical synthesis,and biological synthesis,respectively.Sol−gel method contributes to the preparation of particle agents and surface agents.Cold spray technique is utilized in synthesis of surface copper agent.Biosynthesis is a novel technology which can be applied in nanoparticle agent preparation.
文摘A series of novel 9-fluoro-10-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-3-substituted-8-oxo-8H-[1,2,4] triazolo[3,4-b]thiadiazino[6,5,4-ij]quinoline-7-carboxylic acids was prepared by a facile synthetic method and the in vitro antibacterial activity against Gram-postive (G+) and Gram negative (G-) bacteria was primarily evaluated.
基金Aligarh Muslim University for providing necessary research facilitiesCSIR is to be acknowledged for providing fnancial support for this project
文摘ZnO-ZrO2 nanocomposite was prepared by sol-gel method and in-situ polymerization was used to synthesize ZnO-ZrO2 nanocomposite doped polyaniline （PANI）. The materials were characterized by X-ray diffraction （XRD）, Fourier transform infrared （FTIR） spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy （TEM）, scanning electron microscopy （SEM） and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy （EDX） to ensure the crystallite size, functional groups, morphology and chemical composition of the polymer nanocomposite complex. The average particle size of the ZnO-Zr02 nanoparticles was found to be 20.5 nm. Thermal gravimetric analysis （TGA） was used to study the thermal stability of the complex, shows improved thermal stability of polymer nanocomposite as compared to the pure organic polymer. The material also possesses good electrical conductivity. Additionally, the photocatalytic activity of the materials was investigated by monitoring the decolorization of Acid Blue 29 dye in a UV photocatalytic reactor and PANI-ZnO-ZrO2 was found to possess higher photocatalytic activity than pure PANI. Finally, the antibacterial activity of the materials was examined and it was observed that PANI-ZnO-ZrO2 could be used as an excellent antibacterial agent. Hence, desired properties could be integrated by mixing appropriate phases of the materials for specific applications such as heterogeneous catalyst, antibacterial agents, antibiotics delivery and high temperature conducting polymers.
基金financially supported by Mae Fah Luang University(No.59111040017)
文摘Objective: To investigate anti-hemolytic, antibacterial and anti-cancer activities of leaf and stem extracts from Polygonum odoratum. Methods: Leaves and stems of Polygonum odoratum were extracted using methanol and their anti-hemolytic activity was assessed using 2, 2′-Azobis(2-methylpropionamidine) dihydrochloride which is known to generate free radical damage on cell membranes of red blood cells. This damage, represented by hemolysis, was measured using spectrophotometry. Antibacterial activity was tested by using a broth microdilution method to find minimal inhibitory concentrations against eight bacterial strains. Anti-cancer activity of the extracts was evaluated against a human promyelocytic leukemic cell line(HL-60) by using MTT assay for cell viability and flow cytometry for apoptosis induction and cell cycle analysis. Results: Both leaf and stem extracts have anti-hemolytic activity. The results showed a significantly increased percentage of inhibition in a concentration-dependent manner. Interestingly, the leaf extract showed anti-hemolytic activity to a greater extent than the stem extract. Antibacterial activity of the extracts, as indicated by their minimal inhibitory concentration, using 12.5, 50, 25, 25 μg/mL, was measured against Staphylococcus epidermidis, Enterococcus faecium, Enterococcus faecalis and Staphylococcus aureus. The leaf extracts also exhibited anti-cancer activity, demonstrated by significantly decreased cell viability of human promyelocytic cells(HL-60), with an IC_(50) of(350.00±1.85) μg/mL for 48 h and(38.00±0.92) μg/mL for 72 h. Additionally, HL-60 became apoptotic and accumulated in G_1-phase after 48 hours of treatment. Conclusions: The extracts of Polygonum odoratum exhibit potential antihemolytic activity. They also have antibacterial activity by inhibiting growth of Gram-positive bacteria. The leaf extract shows anti-cancer activity against HL-60 to a greater extent than the stem extract, causing decreased viability, increased G_1-phase accumulation and apoptosis induction.
文摘Hydrazones of poorly studied fluorine-containing oxamic acid thiohydrazides were synthesized by the reaction with salicylaldehydes. Tests showed that the newly synthesized compounds were effective low-toxic inhibitors of type III secretion system in Chlamydia trachomatis.
文摘Lack of antibacterial properties in resin-based composites (RBCs) is one of the flaws that cause the failure of filling clinically. Several agents have been incorporated to endow RBCs with antibacterial properties. In this review, we summarize the recent antibacterial agents between 2015 and 2020 using keywords of antibacterial or antimicrobial dental resin composites by PubMed databases. The most effective strategies are concerned with polymerizable monomers (50%), followed by filler particles (39%) and leachable agents (11%). A recent modification of the antibacterial agent is either by combining two agents from the same category or mixing agents from different categories in one. More than two methods were used in one study to assess antibacterial efficacy. The most common method was biofilm colony-forming units (CFUs) counting method (40%), followed by live/dead bacteria staining assay of biofilms (25%), metabolic activity assay of biofilms using MTT assay (16%), lactic acid production assay of biofilms (8%), agar diffusion test (8%), and other methods (3%) such as minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC).
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.30070861)the Science Foundation of Henan University(XK02041).
文摘To find new structural leading compounds for the research of the multidrug resistant of antibacterial agents, five novel 8-substituted phenyl-1-pyridin-3-yl-5H-bis[1, 2, 4] triazolo[3, 4-b; 4′, 3′-d] thiadiazines were prepared from the corresponding intermediates of 3-(5-substituted phenyl[1,3,4]oxadiazol-2-ylmethylsulfanyl)-5-pyridin-3-yl-[1,2,4]triazol-4-ylamines via intramole- cular cyclization and the antibacterial activity in vitro against Gram-postive (G+) and Gram negative (G-) bacteria was primarily evaluated.
基金financial support(SCU.SC1400.29011)from the Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz。
文摘The efficient adsorption of radioactive iodine(^(129)I and^(131)I)as nuclear waste is of great importance.Polymer nanocomposites consist of metal-organic frameworks(MOFs)developing for various pollutions sorption and separation have attracted much attention.This study reports the fabrication of magnetic polyacrylonitrile(PAN)/zeolitic imidazolate frameworks(ZIF-8)nanocomposites,PAN/ZIF-8(x%)/Fe_(3)O_(4),x=30 and 50,as iodine capture adsorbents.The PAN/ZIF-8(x%)/Fe_(3)O_(4)nanocomposite beads were fabricated via the phase inversion method,and their potential for iodine capture and separation in solution and vapor was investigated through UV-vis and weighing methods,respectively.Also,antibacterial activity of the as-prepared beads was assessed against E.coil and S.aureus.The as-fabricated compounds were studied by various techniques such as Fourier-transform infrared,X-ray diffraction,scanning electron microscope,energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy mapping,transmission electron microscope,N_(2)adsorption isotherm,and vibrating sample magnetometer.The iodine capture results showed that the efficiency of nanocomposites is remarkably higher than the pure PAN beads.Additionally,the asprepared nanocomposite adsorbents displayed higher capture capacities for iodine vapor(1524-4345mg·g^(-1))than iodine solution(187-295 mg·g^(-1)).The as-obtained magnetic nanocomposites can be successfully separated from polluted media by simple filtration or an external magnet,regenerated through washing with ethanol,and reused.Fast capturing,high sorption capacity,rapid separation,and good reusability make the PAN/ZIF-8(x%)/Fe_(3)O_(4)nanocomposites highly effective adsorbents for the separation of iodine from wastewater.Additionally,PAN/ZIF-8(50%)/Fe_(3)O_(4)bead can be considered as a potential new antibacterial agent for water and wastewater treatment.
基金Foundation of Guangzhou Science and Technology Key Project
文摘Several kinds of activated carbon fiber（ACF）, Granule Activated carbon（AC） containing silver ion or fine silver particle(Ag-ACF/AC) have been prepared by soaking ACF or AC in the salt solution of silver. Ag, AgCl and AgI compounds have been loaded onto the fibers. The structure of the fibers was measured by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and powder X-ray diffraction (XRD). The Ag content in the fiber was obtained by an Atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS). The Ag+ content in water after the antibacterial test was measured by an Inductively Coupled Plasma (ICP) emission spectroscopy. Antibacterial test was carried out against Escherichia coli (E.coli) and Staphylococcus aureus (S.aureus). The results show that Ag-ACF/AC have strong antibacterial activity against E.coli and S.aureus. After dealt with ACF/AC loading Ag, AgCl, AgI, no E.coli and S.aureus alive in solution can be detected. The analysis of Ag content in water after antibacterial test showed that the content of Ag meet the quality requirement of the National Potable Water Standard. It is indicated that ACF/AC-Ag in this experiment would be a safe antibacterial agent .
基金financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52003267 and51973214)。
文摘Photodynamic therapy has been widely employed as an alternative strategy against bacterial infection.Molecular structure has a profound effect on the antibacterial ability of photosensitizers(PSs).Herein,we designed and synthesized a series of boron dipyrromethene(BODIPY)-based photosensitizers with different alkyl chain lengths,and then their antibacterial activities were compared.Among these BODIPYs,the BODIPY with octyl(BDP-8)exhibits the best antibacterial effect,while the antibacterial performance of BODIPY with dodecyl(BDP-12)is the worst.This work provides instructive information for further development of effective photodynamic antimicrobial agents.
文摘Quaternary phosphonium salts （QPS） with reactive groups used as antibacterial agents are promising which could be covalently linked to inert polymer surfaces by in situ polymerization. In this work, two kinds of quaternary phosphonium salts with hydroxyl groups were synthesized successfully. Characterization of these two quaternary phosphonium salts was performed by the Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy （FT-IR） and nuclear magnetic resonance （NMR） spectrometry. The thermal stability and antibacterial activity of antibacterial agents were also investigated by using thermo-gravimetric analysis, differential scanning calorimetry （TG-DSC） and agar diffusion method. The test results showed that these two QPS exhibited good thermal stability and excellent antibacterial activity against both bacteria： Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coll.
基金the Ethics Committee of the Institute of Environmental Health and Related Product Safety,Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention[No.2011001]and registered with the Chi CTR.[Reg.No.Chi CTR-ONRC-12002542]
文摘Objective To assess the effectiveness of multiple cleaning and disinfection interventions in the homes and kindergartens, in reducing gastrointestinal and respiratory illnesses of children. Methods From October 2010 to September 2011, we performed a prospective, controlled study in China. 408 children under 5 years old were recruited and group randomized into intervention and control groups. Families and kindergartens in the intervention group were provided with antibacterial products for hand hygiene and surface cleaning or disinfection for one year. Each child＇s illness symptoms and sick leave were recorded every day. Results A total of 393 children completed the study, with similar baseline demographics in each of the 2 groups. Except for abdominal pain, the odds of symptoms （fever, cough and expectoration, runny nose and nasal congestion, diarrhea）, illness （acute respiratory illness and gastrointestinal illness）, and sick leave per person each month were significantly reduced by interventions. The rates of fever, diarrhea, acute respiratory illness, gastrointestinal illness and sick leave per person per year were significantly decreased as well. Conclusion Not only the acute respiratory children were significantly reduced by multiple and gastrointestinal illness but the sick leave rate in interventions.
基金grateful to the authorities of Phytochemistry and Pharmacology Laboratory, Pharmacy Discipline, Life Science School, Khulna University, Bangladesh for providingnecessary instrumental and financial support
文摘To elucidate potential antioxidant, antidiarrheal, cytotoxic, and antibacterial activities of the ethanol extract of A/ocasia indica Schott tuber in different experimental models established in vitro and in vivo. METHODS： In vitro antioxidant activity was evaluated by 2, 2-diphenyl-l-picrylhydrazyl （DPPH） radical-scavenging assay. Phenolic content was estimated by using Folin-Ciocalteu＇s reagent while reducing ability was measured by ferric reducing power assay./n vivo antidiarrheal studies were carried out in mice, and the activity was evaluated in castor oil and magnesium sulfate- induced diarrhea. Disk diffusion assay was utilized to determine antibacterial activity against a number of pathogenic bacterial strains. Acute toxicity test was carried out to measure the safe doses for the extract. RESULTS： In DPPH radical-scavenging assay, the extract exhibited strong radical-scavenging activity with the 50% inhibitory concentration value of 42.66 IJg/mL. Total phenolic content was found to be 542.26 mg gallic acid equivalent per 100 g of dried tuber extract, whereas flavonoid content was found to be 4.30 mg quercetin equivalent/g of dried tuber extract. In reducing power assay, the extract showed strong reducing power in a concentration-dependent manner. The extract significantly （P 〈 0.01） enhanced the latent period and decreased defecation in both castor oil- and magnesium sulfate-induced diarrhea. The extract also lessened gastrointestinal motility in mice. Potential antibacterial activity was exhibited by the extract against all the tested bacterial strains in disk diffusion assay. The 50% lethal concentration against brine shrimp nauplii was 81.09 μg/mL. CONCLUSION： The results demonstrated that the ethanol extract of A. inc/ica has potential antioxidant, antidiarrheal, cytotoxic, and antibacterial activity.
文摘Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic pathogen that contributes to high morbidity and mortality. MexAB-OprM is the main efflux pump among the Resistance-Nodulation-Division family multi-drug effiux systems, which contribute greatly to the multidrug resistance of P. aeruginosa. Effiux pump inhibitors （EPIs） of MexAB-OprM could enhance the activity of the antibiotics effiuxed by MexAB-OprM, and thus they might be useful in the clinic as antibacterial synergistic agents. In this work, a new EPI of MexAB-OprM, KL-0153, was discovered by screening of a small molecular library. Its inhibition of MexAB-OprM was confirmed by assays of synergistic activity and EB accumulation. The activity of KL-0153 was shown to be synergistic with antibiotics effiuxed by MexAB-OprM when they were tested against strains expressing MexAB-OprM, especially so for the strains that express MexAB-OprM at high levels. KL-0153 showed more activity than the positive drug carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenylhydrazone in the EB accumulation assay. It cannot be neglected that KL-0153 has significant liver and kidney toxicity. However, KL-0153 may be a lead comoound for the research and development of new tvoes of EPIs.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.82061148012,82027806,92061121,91753106)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2017YFA0205300)+1 种基金Primary Research&Development Plan of Jiangsu Province(No.BE2019716)the ISF-NSFC Joint Research Program(No.3258/20)to Yossi Weizmann。
文摘With the increasing emergence of bacterial infections,especially multidrug-resistant(MDR)bacteria,poses an urgent threat.This study demonstrated a novel multifunctional nanotheranostics platform developed by the strategic integration of both in-situ bio-assembly imaging and target bacteria inactivation.Through the introduction of copper ions into bacteria,the Cu^(2+)could spontaneously bio-selfassembled into a multifunctional copper nanoclusters(NCs)which efficiently enhanced epigallocatechin gallate(EGCG)uptake into bacteria.While visualizing the bacteria,the developed theranostic nanoplatform exhibited highly efficient disinfection activities with negligible side effects as reflected by higher cell viability and insignificant hemolytic effects.Furthermore,the exosomal formulation of EGCG integrated with Cu^(2+)showed an increased intracellular antibacterial activity,which could eliminate most of the methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus(MRSA)phagocytosed by macrophages,guide macrophages toward M2-like phenotype polarization and alleviate inflammation,without exhibiting obvious cytotoxicity on host RAW264.7.The regimen could be viewed as an effective strategy for the sterilization of intractable bacterial infections.
文摘Spinal epidural abscess (SEA) is a rare condition, and a delay in its diagnosis causes paralysis. In this study, we report two rare cases of delayed diagnosis of SEA whose conditions improved after a state of complete paralysis. The first case was a 71-year-old diabetic man who received a corticosteroid injection for shoulder pain that caused intensified pain. Thereafter, the patient developed paralysis of both legs in stage IV according to Heusner staging. Subsequently, he was diagnosed with multiple abscesses and sepsis. He was in a poor state of health. Therefore, we treated his epidural abscess conservatively. After a month, his muscle strength had improved to Heusner stage III-A, and he was transferred to another hospital. The second case was a 64-year-old diabetic man who received an epidural corticosteroid injection for lower back pain. However, the pain intensified and was admitted to the hospital for pyelonephritis. He developed paralysis in both of his arms and legs presenting as a Heusner stage IV, caused by a cervical epidural abscess. A laminoplasty was performed and paralysis was improved. However, the patient subsequently developed a left subcortical hemorrhage. He underwent surgery. However, his right hemiplegia persisted, and on Day 21, he was transferred back to the previous hospital with a Heusner III-A. We could improve the patients’ paralysis by cooperating closely with infectious disease specialists and spine surgeons, taking intensive care, applying antibacterial agents appropriately, and operating quickly.
