Supramolecular organogels were highly promising matrices for triplet-triplet annihilation-based upconversion(TTA-UC),but the dispersion and diffusion of the UC components were greatly relied on the microscopically int...Supramolecular organogels were highly promising matrices for triplet-triplet annihilation-based upconversion(TTA-UC),but the dispersion and diffusion of the UC components were greatly relied on the microscopically interconnected solution phase in gels.Herein,12-hydroxystearic acid(CA)and its derivatives with different alkyl chain(CA3,CA4,CA6 and CA8)were synthesized as low-molecular-weight gelators(LMMGs),and D-1 with CA attached on DPA unit was synthesized as annihilator.It was found that by co-assembling D-1 with the LMMGs,the DPA units were uniformly dispersed in the gel network regardless of whether there was a solvent or not.By chemically tuning LMMGs to optimize the morphologies of organogels,the DPA units were orderly arranged in the gel network,and showing efficient UC emission in CA,CA3,and CA8 which showed more regular morphologies.UC quantum yield of up to 13.4%(out of 50%maximum)was achieved in CA3 organogel.Moreover,when all solvents were removed from the organogels,D-1 also showed significant UC emissions,which was more than 6-fold higher than that of DPA,indicating that co-assembling the annihilator with the matrix to achieve an order arrangement presented an efficient strategy towards efficient TTA-UC in solid state.展开更多
Let R be a ring with a derivation 5 and R（（x-1;5）） denote the pseudo- differential operator ring over R. We study the relations between the set of annihilators in R and the set of annihilators in R（（x-1; 5））. ...Let R be a ring with a derivation 5 and R（（x-1;5）） denote the pseudo- differential operator ring over R. We study the relations between the set of annihilators in R and the set of annihilators in R（（x-1; 5））. Among applications, it is shown that for an Armendariz ring R of pseudo-differential operator type, the ring R（（x-1; 5）） is Baer （resp., quasi-Baer, PP, right zip） if and only if R is a Baer （resp., quasi-Baer, PP, right zip） ring. For a 5-weakly rigid ring R, R（（x-1;5）） is a left p.q.-Baer ring if and only if R is left p.q.-Baer and every countable subset of left semicentral idempotents of R has a generalized countable join in R.展开更多
In this paper we study some properties of the Hurwitz series ring HA over a commutative ring A, such as the nilradical of HA and the chain condition on its an- nihilators. We provide an example showing that the last p...In this paper we study some properties of the Hurwitz series ring HA over a commutative ring A, such as the nilradical of HA and the chain condition on its an- nihilators. We provide an example showing that the last property does not pass from A to HA. A strongly Hopfian ring is a ring satisfying the chain condition on some type of annihilators. We give a large class of strongly Hopfian rings A such that HA are not strongly Hopfian.展开更多
Let H be a finite-dimensional pointed Hopf algebra of rank one over an algebraically closed feld of characteristic zero.We describe all annihilator ideals of indecomposable H-modules by generators.In particular,we giv...Let H be a finite-dimensional pointed Hopf algebra of rank one over an algebraically closed feld of characteristic zero.We describe all annihilator ideals of indecomposable H-modules by generators.In particular,we give the classification of all ideals of the finite-dimensional pointed rank one Hopf algebra of nilpotent type over the Klein 4-group.展开更多
The enhancement in the efficiency of triplet-triplet annihilation upconversion(TTA-UC)is mainly determined by the triplet energy transfer(TET)and triplet-triplet annihilation(TTA)between the sensitizers and annihilato...The enhancement in the efficiency of triplet-triplet annihilation upconversion(TTA-UC)is mainly determined by the triplet energy transfer(TET)and triplet-triplet annihilation(TTA)between the sensitizers and annihilators.The TET process works efficiently by adjusting the concentration ratio of the sensitizers and annihilators.The efficiency of TTA is determined by the properties of the annihilator.Because TTA is a Dexter-type energy transfer and is affected by the diffusion rate,the energy levels of the excited states and the molecular size are both crucial in TTA.In this study,four isomerized dimers of 9,10-diphenlanthracene(DPA)and anthracene(An)were designed and prepared as annihilators for TTA-UC.The singlet and triplet energy levels could be adjusted by altering the connection position while maintaining the molecular weight and size.When PtOEP was used as the sensitizer,the maximum upconversion efficiency of 9-[4-(9-anthracenyl)phenyl]-10-phenylanthracene(9DPA-9An)was~11.18%.This is four times higher than that of 9,10-diphenyl-2,9-bianthracene(2DPA-9An,2.63%).The calculation of the energies of T_(1)and the higher triplet state(T_(3),because E(T_(2))is similar to the E(T)of these dimers)for these dimers has provided insights into the underlying reasons.These indicated that the energy gap value of 2×E(T_(1))-E(T_(3))is the determining factor for TTA efficiency.This work may provide a better understanding of the excited-state energy levels,which is crucial for designing novel annihilators to enhance the TTA-UCefficiency.展开更多
This study investigates the effect of high current density electropulsing on the material in a rapid stress relaxation process.An AISI 1020 steel was shot-peened to induce surface compressive residual stresses in a co...This study investigates the effect of high current density electropulsing on the material in a rapid stress relaxation process.An AISI 1020 steel was shot-peened to induce surface compressive residual stresses in a controlled manner and subsequently electropulsed to investigate the changes in microstructure and defect configuration.AISI 1020 steel was chosen as it has a simple microstructure(plain ferritic)and composition with low alloying conditions.It is an appropriate material to study the effect of trans-mitting electric pulses on the microstructural defect evolution.A combination of electron-backscattered diffraction and transmission electron microscopy proved to be an effective tool in characterizing the post-electropulsing effects critically.By application of electropulsing,a reduction in the surface residual stress layer was noticed.Also,reductions in misorientation and dislocation density together with the disentan-glement of dislocations within the cold-worked layer were observed after electropulsing.Additionally,the annihilation of shot-peening-induced deformation bands beyond the residual layer depth was observed.These effects have been rationalised by taking into account the various possibilities of athermal effects of electropulsing.展开更多
Mechano luminescence(ML),which involves the emission of light under mechanical stimuli,shows great potential in various applications such as sensing,imaging,and energy harvesting.Current research suggests that the lum...Mechano luminescence(ML),which involves the emission of light under mechanical stimuli,shows great potential in various applications such as sensing,imaging,and energy harvesting.Current research suggests that the luminescence mechanism of ML is typically connected to specific defects present within the material.In this study,we focus on the investigation of ML defects in Pr^(3+)-doped NaNbO_(3)/LiNbO_(3)heterojunctions,employing a combination of experimental and theoretical approaches.Through experimental analysis,we confirmed the presence of the heterojunction and its influence on ML intensity,and the optimal doping ratio for the heterojunction in ML was established.Furthermore,we examined the influence of varying Pr^(3+)doping concentrations on ML behavior and a proof-of-concept was demonstrated using the X-rays charged heterostructural phosphor as a stress sensor for biological applications.The position and concentration of internal defects in the ML material were scrutinized through thermo luminescence tests employing the variable heating rate method and positron annihilation.Complementing the experimental findings,theoretical simulations were conducted to elucidate the underlying mechanisms responsible for the observed ML defects.Density functional theory calculations were employed to investigate the energy levels,charge transfer processes,and lattice distortions within the heterojunctions under mechanical stress.Theoretical predictions were compared and validated against the experimental results.The integration of experimental and theoretical approaches provides a comprehensive understanding of the ML behavior of Pr^(3+)-doped NaNbO_(3)/LiNbO_(3)heterojunctions.The insights gained from this research contribute to the development of novel ML materials and pave the way for their applications in next-generation sensing and energy conversion devices.展开更多
The stability of matrix graphite under neutron irradiation and in corrosive environments is crucial for the safe operation of molten salt reactors(MSRs).Raman spectroscopy and a slow positron beam were employed to inv...The stability of matrix graphite under neutron irradiation and in corrosive environments is crucial for the safe operation of molten salt reactors(MSRs).Raman spectroscopy and a slow positron beam were employed to investigate the effects of He ion irradiation fluences and subsequent annealing on the microstructure and defects of the matrix graphite.He ions with 500 keV energy and fluences ranging from 1.1×10^(15)ions∕cm^(2)to 3.5×10^(17)ions∕cm^(2)were used to simulate neutron irradiation at 300 K.The samples with an irradiation fluence of 3.5×10^(16)ions∕cm^(2)were subjected to isochronal annealing at different temperatures(573 K,873 K and 1173 K)for 3 h.The Raman results revealed that the D peak gradually increased,whereas the intrinsic G peak decreased with increasing irradiation fluence.At the same irradiation fluence,the D peak gradually decreased,whereas the intrinsic G peak increased with increasing annealing temperature.Slow positron beam analysis demonstrated that the density or size of irradiation defects(vacancy type)increased with higher irradiation fluence,but decreased rapidly with increasing annealing temperature.The Raman spectral analysis of sample cross sections subjected to high irradiation fluences revealed the emergence of amorphization precisely at the depth where ion damage was most pronounced,whereas the surface retained its crystalline structure.Raman and positron annihilation analyses indicated that the matrix graphite exhibited good irradiation resistance to He ions at 300 K.However,vacancy-type defects induced by He ion irradiation exhibit poor thermal stability and can be easily removed during annealing.展开更多
Zinc phthalocyanines(ZnPc)are widely recognized as efficient triplet photosensitizers in photodynamic therapy and photocatalysis,owing to their intense absorption in the visible range and long triplet-state lifetimes....Zinc phthalocyanines(ZnPc)are widely recognized as efficient triplet photosensitizers in photodynamic therapy and photocatalysis,owing to their intense absorption in the visible range and long triplet-state lifetimes.However,their application in triplet-triplet annihilation(TTA)upconversion is lacking to date.In this study,we synthesized a new ZnPc photosensitizer,4I-ZnPc,and composed a TTA upconversion system using rubrene as the energy acceptor.Upon photoexcitation at 663 nm,yellow fluorescence from rubrene was observed in deoxygenated dichloromethane,demonstrating TTA upconversion with an anti-Stokes shift of 0.331 eV and a quantum yield of 1.82%(out of the 50%maximum).Using nanosecond transient absorption spectroscopy,we determined the triplet lifetime of 4I-ZnPc,the triplet-triplet energy transfer efficiency,and the fluorescence quantum yield.These measurements provide critical insights into the photophysical processes governing the TTA upconversion system.Our results highlight the potential advantages and limitations of ZnPc as a triplet photosensitizer for TTA upconversion.展开更多
Correction:Nuclear Science and Techniques(2025)36:4 https://doi.org/10.1007/s41365-024-01548-5 In this article,the caption for Fig(s)1,3,and 4 was inadvert-ently truncated.The incorrect and the corrected captions are ...Correction:Nuclear Science and Techniques(2025)36:4 https://doi.org/10.1007/s41365-024-01548-5 In this article,the caption for Fig(s)1,3,and 4 was inadvert-ently truncated.The incorrect and the corrected captions are given below.展开更多
This paper presents the findings of a two-week monitoring project on Gender Based Violence(GBV)in Tanzanian and explores how the media outlets frame the marginalized voices,institutional narratives,and intersectional ...This paper presents the findings of a two-week monitoring project on Gender Based Violence(GBV)in Tanzanian and explores how the media outlets frame the marginalized voices,institutional narratives,and intersectional inclusivity.Drawing qualitative approach and analysis of media coverage of GBV during the 202416 Days of Activism campaign remarkably November 25 to December 10,2024,it reveals the extent that media platforms amplify or marginalize survivor voices.Through two weeks of media monitoring across print,broadcast,and social media including sources notably Mwananchi,TBC1,Cloud FM,and advocacy-driven digital platforms and campaigns through#EndGBVNow and#16DaysOfActivism the study explores recurring themes,language use,tone,and inclusivity.Guided by critical gender theories including Judith Butler’s gender performativity and Gave Tuchman’s symbolic annihilation,the analysis reveals media’s dual role in either perpetuating or challenging patriarchal narratives.Findings indicate that traditional media often foreground prevailing institutional voices while underrepresenting marginalized groups,especially rural women and women with disabilities,portraying harmful cultural practices like FGM and child marriage as community challenges rather than universal human rights violation.Conversely,social media emerged as a transformative space for survivor-led advocacy.Hence the study calls for inclusive,ethical,and survivor-centered media reporting as well as strategic integration of digital and mainstream media to promote justice and policy reform in GBV reporting.展开更多
Let R be a ring. R is called right AP-injective if, for any a E R, there exists a left ideal of R such that lr（a） = Ra＋Xa. We extend this notion to modules. A right R-module M with S = End（MR） is called quasi AP-...Let R be a ring. R is called right AP-injective if, for any a E R, there exists a left ideal of R such that lr（a） = Ra＋Xa. We extend this notion to modules. A right R-module M with S = End（MR） is called quasi AP-injective if, for any s∈S, there exists a left ideal Xs of S such that ls（Ker（s）） = Ss＋Xs. In this paper, we give some characterizations and properties of quasi AP-injective modules which generalize results of Page and Zhou.展开更多
In this paper, the concept of α-subsets is introduced in a lattice implication algebra and some properties are discussed. Then we prove that an α-subset is a lattice ideal of L. In the end, we discuss the properties...In this paper, the concept of α-subsets is introduced in a lattice implication algebra and some properties are discussed. Then we prove that an α-subset is a lattice ideal of L. In the end, we discuss the properties of annihilator.展开更多
In This paper, the concept of weakly dual ring is introduced, which is a proper generalization of the dual ring. If R is a right weakly dual ring, then (1) Z(RR) = J(R); (2) If R is also a zero-division power ring, th...In This paper, the concept of weakly dual ring is introduced, which is a proper generalization of the dual ring. If R is a right weakly dual ring, then (1) Z(RR) = J(R); (2) If R is also a zero-division power ring, then R is a right AP-injective ring. In addition, some properties of weakly dual rings are given.展开更多
The human mind understands logical processes and causality and formulates theories based on logical descriptions of empirical evidence. The Principles of Causal Conspiracy is based on defining information as logical c...The human mind understands logical processes and causality and formulates theories based on logical descriptions of empirical evidence. The Principles of Causal Conspiracy is based on defining information as logical charges similar to electric charges. Such information charges can be modeled in the vacuum of a quantum probability firmament as symmetry of quantum charges with a zero net charge. Observation of a state lifts one of these charges in a Möbius transformation from a multipolar field of possibilities that maximizes a local monopole field that is observable. In the first of several papers, I introduce new and profound principles, the Principles of Causal Conspiracy, to provide a consistent epistemology for quantum theory, relativity theory and all the known sciences.展开更多
By means of an improved mapping method and a variable separation method, a series of variable separation solutions including solitary wave solutions, periodic wave solutions and rational function solutions） to the （...By means of an improved mapping method and a variable separation method, a series of variable separation solutions including solitary wave solutions, periodic wave solutions and rational function solutions） to the （2＋1）-dimensional breaking soliton system is derived. Based on the derived solitary wave excitation, we obtain some special annihilation solitons and chaotic solitons in this short note.展开更多
Positron is an excellent probe of lattice defects in solids. A thermallized positron delocalized in lattice can be trapped at open volume defects, e.g. vacancies, dislocations, grain boundaries etc. Positron anni- hil...Positron is an excellent probe of lattice defects in solids. A thermallized positron delocalized in lattice can be trapped at open volume defects, e.g. vacancies, dislocations, grain boundaries etc. Positron anni- hilation spectroscopy is a non-destructive technique lattice defects in solids on the atomic scale. Positron which enables characterization of open volume lifetime and Doppler broadening of annihilation photo-peak are the most common observables related to positron annihilation process. Positron lifetime spectroscopy enables to identify defects in solids and to determine their concentrations while coinci- dence measurement of Doppler broadening provides information about local chemical environment of defects. This article provides a review of the state-of-art of defect characterization in bulk metallic mate- rials by positron annihilation spectroscopy. Advanced analysis of positron annihilation data and recent developments of positron annihilation methodology are described and discussed on examples of defect studies of metallic materials. Future develonment in the field in proposed as well.展开更多
Based on experimental data of positron annihilation technology, electrolyticdissolution technique, electron back-scattered pattern, etc. and by analysis the strengtheningfactors, the strengthening mechanism of ultra-t...Based on experimental data of positron annihilation technology, electrolyticdissolution technique, electron back-scattered pattern, etc. and by analysis the strengtheningfactors, the strengthening mechanism of ultra-thin hot strip of low carbon steel produced by CSP(Compact Strip Production) technique was investigated. The value of each strengthening mechanism andits contribution percentage to yield strength were achieved. The results show that refinementstrengthening is the predominant strengthening mode; precipitation strengthening and dislocationstrengthening are second to it, their contributions to yield strength are almost equal.展开更多
Three kinds of specimens were produced from hot strips of similar composition and same thickness (nominal gauge 4.0mm) but produced using different technologies, and the dislocation density of these strips was quantit...Three kinds of specimens were produced from hot strips of similar composition and same thickness (nominal gauge 4.0mm) but produced using different technologies, and the dislocation density of these strips was quantitatively measured by positron annihilation technique test. The dislocation morphology and evolution in microstructure of each pass for producing the 1.9mm hot strip using CSP (compact strip production) technology were observed under an H-800 transmission electron microscope; its density was also quantitatively measured using the positron annihilation technique test, and the factors influencing the dislocation density during the production process were analyzed. The experimental results show that the dislocation density in the microstructure produced using CSP technology is higher than that in the microstructure produced using conventional technology. This result was discussed and confirmed on the basis of the finite element simulation and the theory relevant to dislocations.展开更多
Based on the littlest Higgs model, we investigate the spin correlation of the top quark pair production via the process e^＋e^- →tt at the high energy linear e^＋e^- collider （ILC） with a centre-of-mass energy √S ...Based on the littlest Higgs model, we investigate the spin correlation of the top quark pair production via the process e^＋e^- →tt at the high energy linear e^＋e^- collider （ILC） with a centre-of-mass energy √S = 800 GeV. Our numerical results show that the gauge boson ZH generates very small corrections to the spin correlation observable C in all the parameter space allowed by the electroweak data. However, with reasonable values of the free parameters, the value of the relative correction parameter RBH = （CBH-CSM）/CSM can reach 10%, which might be detected in future ILC experiments.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22422108,22171194,22471182,22271201)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(20826041D4117).
文摘Supramolecular organogels were highly promising matrices for triplet-triplet annihilation-based upconversion(TTA-UC),but the dispersion and diffusion of the UC components were greatly relied on the microscopically interconnected solution phase in gels.Herein,12-hydroxystearic acid(CA)and its derivatives with different alkyl chain(CA3,CA4,CA6 and CA8)were synthesized as low-molecular-weight gelators(LMMGs),and D-1 with CA attached on DPA unit was synthesized as annihilator.It was found that by co-assembling D-1 with the LMMGs,the DPA units were uniformly dispersed in the gel network regardless of whether there was a solvent or not.By chemically tuning LMMGs to optimize the morphologies of organogels,the DPA units were orderly arranged in the gel network,and showing efficient UC emission in CA,CA3,and CA8 which showed more regular morphologies.UC quantum yield of up to 13.4%(out of 50%maximum)was achieved in CA3 organogel.Moreover,when all solvents were removed from the organogels,D-1 also showed significant UC emissions,which was more than 6-fold higher than that of DPA,indicating that co-assembling the annihilator with the matrix to achieve an order arrangement presented an efficient strategy towards efficient TTA-UC in solid state.
文摘Let R be a ring with a derivation 5 and R（（x-1;5）） denote the pseudo- differential operator ring over R. We study the relations between the set of annihilators in R and the set of annihilators in R（（x-1; 5））. Among applications, it is shown that for an Armendariz ring R of pseudo-differential operator type, the ring R（（x-1; 5）） is Baer （resp., quasi-Baer, PP, right zip） if and only if R is a Baer （resp., quasi-Baer, PP, right zip） ring. For a 5-weakly rigid ring R, R（（x-1;5）） is a left p.q.-Baer ring if and only if R is left p.q.-Baer and every countable subset of left semicentral idempotents of R has a generalized countable join in R.
文摘In this paper we study some properties of the Hurwitz series ring HA over a commutative ring A, such as the nilradical of HA and the chain condition on its an- nihilators. We provide an example showing that the last property does not pass from A to HA. A strongly Hopfian ring is a ring satisfying the chain condition on some type of annihilators. We give a large class of strongly Hopfian rings A such that HA are not strongly Hopfian.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.12371041).
文摘Let H be a finite-dimensional pointed Hopf algebra of rank one over an algebraically closed feld of characteristic zero.We describe all annihilator ideals of indecomposable H-modules by generators.In particular,we give the classification of all ideals of the finite-dimensional pointed rank one Hopf algebra of nilpotent type over the Klein 4-group.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22133006,21703287)the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province(ZR2023QB067,ZR2022MB065)+1 种基金the Science and Technology Program of the University of Jinan(XKY2068-140200568)Major Subject of the University of Jinan(1420702).
文摘The enhancement in the efficiency of triplet-triplet annihilation upconversion(TTA-UC)is mainly determined by the triplet energy transfer(TET)and triplet-triplet annihilation(TTA)between the sensitizers and annihilators.The TET process works efficiently by adjusting the concentration ratio of the sensitizers and annihilators.The efficiency of TTA is determined by the properties of the annihilator.Because TTA is a Dexter-type energy transfer and is affected by the diffusion rate,the energy levels of the excited states and the molecular size are both crucial in TTA.In this study,four isomerized dimers of 9,10-diphenlanthracene(DPA)and anthracene(An)were designed and prepared as annihilators for TTA-UC.The singlet and triplet energy levels could be adjusted by altering the connection position while maintaining the molecular weight and size.When PtOEP was used as the sensitizer,the maximum upconversion efficiency of 9-[4-(9-anthracenyl)phenyl]-10-phenylanthracene(9DPA-9An)was~11.18%.This is four times higher than that of 9,10-diphenyl-2,9-bianthracene(2DPA-9An,2.63%).The calculation of the energies of T_(1)and the higher triplet state(T_(3),because E(T_(2))is similar to the E(T)of these dimers)for these dimers has provided insights into the underlying reasons.These indicated that the energy gap value of 2×E(T_(1))-E(T_(3))is the determining factor for TTA efficiency.This work may provide a better understanding of the excited-state energy levels,which is crucial for designing novel annihilators to enhance the TTA-UCefficiency.
基金supported by the National Research Foundation of Singapore,Rolls-Royce Singapore Pte.Ltd.,and Nanyang Technological University through grants#002123-00009 and #002124-00009.
文摘This study investigates the effect of high current density electropulsing on the material in a rapid stress relaxation process.An AISI 1020 steel was shot-peened to induce surface compressive residual stresses in a controlled manner and subsequently electropulsed to investigate the changes in microstructure and defect configuration.AISI 1020 steel was chosen as it has a simple microstructure(plain ferritic)and composition with low alloying conditions.It is an appropriate material to study the effect of trans-mitting electric pulses on the microstructural defect evolution.A combination of electron-backscattered diffraction and transmission electron microscopy proved to be an effective tool in characterizing the post-electropulsing effects critically.By application of electropulsing,a reduction in the surface residual stress layer was noticed.Also,reductions in misorientation and dislocation density together with the disentan-glement of dislocations within the cold-worked layer were observed after electropulsing.Additionally,the annihilation of shot-peening-induced deformation bands beyond the residual layer depth was observed.These effects have been rationalised by taking into account the various possibilities of athermal effects of electropulsing.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52201008,52372003)Natural Science Foundation of Heilongjiang Province of China(ZD2023E004)+1 种基金Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(3072020CF2515,3072022CFJ2504)the State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics(SKLPDE-KF-202311)。
文摘Mechano luminescence(ML),which involves the emission of light under mechanical stimuli,shows great potential in various applications such as sensing,imaging,and energy harvesting.Current research suggests that the luminescence mechanism of ML is typically connected to specific defects present within the material.In this study,we focus on the investigation of ML defects in Pr^(3+)-doped NaNbO_(3)/LiNbO_(3)heterojunctions,employing a combination of experimental and theoretical approaches.Through experimental analysis,we confirmed the presence of the heterojunction and its influence on ML intensity,and the optimal doping ratio for the heterojunction in ML was established.Furthermore,we examined the influence of varying Pr^(3+)doping concentrations on ML behavior and a proof-of-concept was demonstrated using the X-rays charged heterostructural phosphor as a stress sensor for biological applications.The position and concentration of internal defects in the ML material were scrutinized through thermo luminescence tests employing the variable heating rate method and positron annihilation.Complementing the experimental findings,theoretical simulations were conducted to elucidate the underlying mechanisms responsible for the observed ML defects.Density functional theory calculations were employed to investigate the energy levels,charge transfer processes,and lattice distortions within the heterojunctions under mechanical stress.Theoretical predictions were compared and validated against the experimental results.The integration of experimental and theoretical approaches provides a comprehensive understanding of the ML behavior of Pr^(3+)-doped NaNbO_(3)/LiNbO_(3)heterojunctions.The insights gained from this research contribute to the development of novel ML materials and pave the way for their applications in next-generation sensing and energy conversion devices.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.12005289,52072397)State Key Laboratory of Nuclear Detection and Electronics,University of Science and Technology of China(SKLPDE-KF-202316).
文摘The stability of matrix graphite under neutron irradiation and in corrosive environments is crucial for the safe operation of molten salt reactors(MSRs).Raman spectroscopy and a slow positron beam were employed to investigate the effects of He ion irradiation fluences and subsequent annealing on the microstructure and defects of the matrix graphite.He ions with 500 keV energy and fluences ranging from 1.1×10^(15)ions∕cm^(2)to 3.5×10^(17)ions∕cm^(2)were used to simulate neutron irradiation at 300 K.The samples with an irradiation fluence of 3.5×10^(16)ions∕cm^(2)were subjected to isochronal annealing at different temperatures(573 K,873 K and 1173 K)for 3 h.The Raman results revealed that the D peak gradually increased,whereas the intrinsic G peak decreased with increasing irradiation fluence.At the same irradiation fluence,the D peak gradually decreased,whereas the intrinsic G peak increased with increasing annealing temperature.Slow positron beam analysis demonstrated that the density or size of irradiation defects(vacancy type)increased with higher irradiation fluence,but decreased rapidly with increasing annealing temperature.The Raman spectral analysis of sample cross sections subjected to high irradiation fluences revealed the emergence of amorphization precisely at the depth where ion damage was most pronounced,whereas the surface retained its crystalline structure.Raman and positron annihilation analyses indicated that the matrix graphite exhibited good irradiation resistance to He ions at 300 K.However,vacancy-type defects induced by He ion irradiation exhibit poor thermal stability and can be easily removed during annealing.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.22473104 and 22403086)support of the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2023M733378).
文摘Zinc phthalocyanines(ZnPc)are widely recognized as efficient triplet photosensitizers in photodynamic therapy and photocatalysis,owing to their intense absorption in the visible range and long triplet-state lifetimes.However,their application in triplet-triplet annihilation(TTA)upconversion is lacking to date.In this study,we synthesized a new ZnPc photosensitizer,4I-ZnPc,and composed a TTA upconversion system using rubrene as the energy acceptor.Upon photoexcitation at 663 nm,yellow fluorescence from rubrene was observed in deoxygenated dichloromethane,demonstrating TTA upconversion with an anti-Stokes shift of 0.331 eV and a quantum yield of 1.82%(out of the 50%maximum).Using nanosecond transient absorption spectroscopy,we determined the triplet lifetime of 4I-ZnPc,the triplet-triplet energy transfer efficiency,and the fluorescence quantum yield.These measurements provide critical insights into the photophysical processes governing the TTA upconversion system.Our results highlight the potential advantages and limitations of ZnPc as a triplet photosensitizer for TTA upconversion.
文摘Correction:Nuclear Science and Techniques(2025)36:4 https://doi.org/10.1007/s41365-024-01548-5 In this article,the caption for Fig(s)1,3,and 4 was inadvert-ently truncated.The incorrect and the corrected captions are given below.
文摘This paper presents the findings of a two-week monitoring project on Gender Based Violence(GBV)in Tanzanian and explores how the media outlets frame the marginalized voices,institutional narratives,and intersectional inclusivity.Drawing qualitative approach and analysis of media coverage of GBV during the 202416 Days of Activism campaign remarkably November 25 to December 10,2024,it reveals the extent that media platforms amplify or marginalize survivor voices.Through two weeks of media monitoring across print,broadcast,and social media including sources notably Mwananchi,TBC1,Cloud FM,and advocacy-driven digital platforms and campaigns through#EndGBVNow and#16DaysOfActivism the study explores recurring themes,language use,tone,and inclusivity.Guided by critical gender theories including Judith Butler’s gender performativity and Gave Tuchman’s symbolic annihilation,the analysis reveals media’s dual role in either perpetuating or challenging patriarchal narratives.Findings indicate that traditional media often foreground prevailing institutional voices while underrepresenting marginalized groups,especially rural women and women with disabilities,portraying harmful cultural practices like FGM and child marriage as community challenges rather than universal human rights violation.Conversely,social media emerged as a transformative space for survivor-led advocacy.Hence the study calls for inclusive,ethical,and survivor-centered media reporting as well as strategic integration of digital and mainstream media to promote justice and policy reform in GBV reporting.
文摘Let R be a ring. R is called right AP-injective if, for any a E R, there exists a left ideal of R such that lr（a） = Ra＋Xa. We extend this notion to modules. A right R-module M with S = End（MR） is called quasi AP-injective if, for any s∈S, there exists a left ideal Xs of S such that ls（Ker（s）） = Ss＋Xs. In this paper, we give some characterizations and properties of quasi AP-injective modules which generalize results of Page and Zhou.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundations of P.R.China(No.60474022)
文摘In this paper, the concept of α-subsets is introduced in a lattice implication algebra and some properties are discussed. Then we prove that an α-subset is a lattice ideal of L. In the end, we discuss the properties of annihilator.
基金Foundationitem:The NNSP(19971073) of China and the NSF of Yangzhou University
文摘In This paper, the concept of weakly dual ring is introduced, which is a proper generalization of the dual ring. If R is a right weakly dual ring, then (1) Z(RR) = J(R); (2) If R is also a zero-division power ring, then R is a right AP-injective ring. In addition, some properties of weakly dual rings are given.
文摘The human mind understands logical processes and causality and formulates theories based on logical descriptions of empirical evidence. The Principles of Causal Conspiracy is based on defining information as logical charges similar to electric charges. Such information charges can be modeled in the vacuum of a quantum probability firmament as symmetry of quantum charges with a zero net charge. Observation of a state lifts one of these charges in a Möbius transformation from a multipolar field of possibilities that maximizes a local monopole field that is observable. In the first of several papers, I introduce new and profound principles, the Principles of Causal Conspiracy, to provide a consistent epistemology for quantum theory, relativity theory and all the known sciences.
基金The project supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province under Grant No. Y604106, the Foundation of New Century 151 Talent Engineering of Zhejiang Province, and the Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Lishui University under Grant No. KZ05010 Acknowledgments The authors would like to thank professor Chun-Long Zheng for his fruitful and helpful suggestions.
文摘By means of an improved mapping method and a variable separation method, a series of variable separation solutions including solitary wave solutions, periodic wave solutions and rational function solutions） to the （2＋1）-dimensional breaking soliton system is derived. Based on the derived solitary wave excitation, we obtain some special annihilation solitons and chaotic solitons in this short note.
基金Financial support by the Czech Science Agency(project 1612828S)
文摘Positron is an excellent probe of lattice defects in solids. A thermallized positron delocalized in lattice can be trapped at open volume defects, e.g. vacancies, dislocations, grain boundaries etc. Positron anni- hilation spectroscopy is a non-destructive technique lattice defects in solids on the atomic scale. Positron which enables characterization of open volume lifetime and Doppler broadening of annihilation photo-peak are the most common observables related to positron annihilation process. Positron lifetime spectroscopy enables to identify defects in solids and to determine their concentrations while coinci- dence measurement of Doppler broadening provides information about local chemical environment of defects. This article provides a review of the state-of-art of defect characterization in bulk metallic mate- rials by positron annihilation spectroscopy. Advanced analysis of positron annihilation data and recent developments of positron annihilation methodology are described and discussed on examples of defect studies of metallic materials. Future develonment in the field in proposed as well.
基金This work was financially supported by the state foundation for key projects: Fundamental Research on New Generation of Steels (No: G1998061500).
文摘Based on experimental data of positron annihilation technology, electrolyticdissolution technique, electron back-scattered pattern, etc. and by analysis the strengtheningfactors, the strengthening mechanism of ultra-thin hot strip of low carbon steel produced by CSP(Compact Strip Production) technique was investigated. The value of each strengthening mechanism andits contribution percentage to yield strength were achieved. The results show that refinementstrengthening is the predominant strengthening mode; precipitation strengthening and dislocationstrengthening are second to it, their contributions to yield strength are almost equal.
文摘Three kinds of specimens were produced from hot strips of similar composition and same thickness (nominal gauge 4.0mm) but produced using different technologies, and the dislocation density of these strips was quantitatively measured by positron annihilation technique test. The dislocation morphology and evolution in microstructure of each pass for producing the 1.9mm hot strip using CSP (compact strip production) technology were observed under an H-800 transmission electron microscope; its density was also quantitatively measured using the positron annihilation technique test, and the factors influencing the dislocation density during the production process were analyzed. The experimental results show that the dislocation density in the microstructure produced using CSP technology is higher than that in the microstructure produced using conventional technology. This result was discussed and confirmed on the basis of the finite element simulation and the theory relevant to dislocations.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No 10475037, and the Programme for New Century Excellent Talents in University （NCET-04-0290）.
文摘Based on the littlest Higgs model, we investigate the spin correlation of the top quark pair production via the process e^＋e^- →tt at the high energy linear e^＋e^- collider （ILC） with a centre-of-mass energy √S = 800 GeV. Our numerical results show that the gauge boson ZH generates very small corrections to the spin correlation observable C in all the parameter space allowed by the electroweak data. However, with reasonable values of the free parameters, the value of the relative correction parameter RBH = （CBH-CSM）/CSM can reach 10%, which might be detected in future ILC experiments.
