Subject Code:B01With the financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China,the research group led by Prof.Sun Qingfu(孙庆福)from the Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter,Chines...Subject Code:B01With the financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China,the research group led by Prof.Sun Qingfu(孙庆福)from the Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter,Chinese Academy of Sciences has recently reported a dynamic anion-adaptive self-assembly system展开更多
Clostridium difficile is a gram-positive,spore-forming,obligate anaerobic bacillus that was originally isolated from the stool of a healthy neonate in 1935.In high-income countries,C.difficile is the most common cause...Clostridium difficile is a gram-positive,spore-forming,obligate anaerobic bacillus that was originally isolated from the stool of a healthy neonate in 1935.In high-income countries,C.difficile is the most common cause of infectious diarrhoea in hospitalized patients.The incidence of C.difficile infection in the USA has increased markedly since 2000,with hospitalizations for C.difficile infections in non-pregnant adults doubling between 2000 and 2010.Between 20%and 35%of patients with C.difficile infection will fail initial antibiotic treatment and,of these,40–60%will have a second recurrence.Recurrence of C.difficile infection after initial treatment causes substantial morbidity and is a major burden on health care systems.In this article,current treatments for recurrent C.difficile infection are reviewed and future directions explored.These include the use of antibiotics,probiotics,donor faecal transplants,anion resins,secondary bile acids or anti-toxin antibodies.展开更多
Transition metal-catalyzed asymmetric hydrogenation(AH)of unprotected indoles has mainly been applied to alkyl substituted unprotected indoles.However,the challenging aryl substituted unprotected indoles with poor rea...Transition metal-catalyzed asymmetric hydrogenation(AH)of unprotected indoles has mainly been applied to alkyl substituted unprotected indoles.However,the challenging aryl substituted unprotected indoles with poor reactivity and enantioselectivity(≤42%ee)could not be hydrogenated well.In this work,a highly efficient Ir/bisphosphine-thiourea ligand ZhaoPhos catalytic system for the AH of challenging aryl substituted unprotected indoles has been successfully developed for the first time with high reactivity and excellent stereoselective control.Moreover,a series of 2-alkyl-substituted and 2,3-disubstituted unprotected indoles were also well tolerated in this catalytic system.A wide variety of chiral indoline derivatives were obtained in good to high yields with excellent stereoselectivities(75–99%yields,>20:1 dr,and 86–99%ee).The anion-binding activation strategy played an important role in accessing both high reactivity and excellent stereoselectivity,which was formed between the catalyst and unprotected indoles in situ-generating iminium ion with the assistance of Brønsted acid.A possible catalytic mechanism was proposed for this Ir-catalyzed AH according to density functional theory calculations and control experiment results.Readily available substrates,a broad range of substrate tolerance,an efficient chiral catalytic system,and a gram-scale protocol further demonstrated the potential practicality of this methodology.展开更多
文摘Subject Code:B01With the financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China,the research group led by Prof.Sun Qingfu(孙庆福)from the Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter,Chinese Academy of Sciences has recently reported a dynamic anion-adaptive self-assembly system
文摘Clostridium difficile is a gram-positive,spore-forming,obligate anaerobic bacillus that was originally isolated from the stool of a healthy neonate in 1935.In high-income countries,C.difficile is the most common cause of infectious diarrhoea in hospitalized patients.The incidence of C.difficile infection in the USA has increased markedly since 2000,with hospitalizations for C.difficile infections in non-pregnant adults doubling between 2000 and 2010.Between 20%and 35%of patients with C.difficile infection will fail initial antibiotic treatment and,of these,40–60%will have a second recurrence.Recurrence of C.difficile infection after initial treatment causes substantial morbidity and is a major burden on health care systems.In this article,current treatments for recurrent C.difficile infection are reviewed and future directions explored.These include the use of antibiotics,probiotics,donor faecal transplants,anion resins,secondary bile acids or anti-toxin antibodies.
基金We are grateful for financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(grant no.22071187)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(grant no.BK20190213)+3 种基金the Shenzhen Nobel Prize Scientists Laboratory Project(grant no.C17783101)the Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis(grant no.2020B121201002)the Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province(grant nos.2020CFA036 and 2021CFA069)the Scientific Research Project of Education Department of Hubei Province(grant no.B2020057).We are grateful to the High Performance Computing Center and the CHEM high performance supercomputer cluster(CHEM HPC)of the Southern University of Science and Technology.
文摘Transition metal-catalyzed asymmetric hydrogenation(AH)of unprotected indoles has mainly been applied to alkyl substituted unprotected indoles.However,the challenging aryl substituted unprotected indoles with poor reactivity and enantioselectivity(≤42%ee)could not be hydrogenated well.In this work,a highly efficient Ir/bisphosphine-thiourea ligand ZhaoPhos catalytic system for the AH of challenging aryl substituted unprotected indoles has been successfully developed for the first time with high reactivity and excellent stereoselective control.Moreover,a series of 2-alkyl-substituted and 2,3-disubstituted unprotected indoles were also well tolerated in this catalytic system.A wide variety of chiral indoline derivatives were obtained in good to high yields with excellent stereoselectivities(75–99%yields,>20:1 dr,and 86–99%ee).The anion-binding activation strategy played an important role in accessing both high reactivity and excellent stereoselectivity,which was formed between the catalyst and unprotected indoles in situ-generating iminium ion with the assistance of Brønsted acid.A possible catalytic mechanism was proposed for this Ir-catalyzed AH according to density functional theory calculations and control experiment results.Readily available substrates,a broad range of substrate tolerance,an efficient chiral catalytic system,and a gram-scale protocol further demonstrated the potential practicality of this methodology.
