Transitioning from outcrossing to self-fertilization is a widespread reproductive strategy in plants,especially in environments where pollination is limited.Despite its prevalence,this transition has rarely been exami...Transitioning from outcrossing to self-fertilization is a widespread reproductive strategy in plants,especially in environments where pollination is limited.Despite its prevalence,this transition has rarely been examined using transplant experiments,and previous studies have overlooked the contribution of the male parent in elucidating mating diversity.In this study,six transplanted populations were generated to investigate the relationship of the pollination environment with plant mating patterns and fecundity in Primula oreodoxa,a species that exhibits both distyly(predominantly outcrossing)and homostyly(predominantly selfing),based on data from 3582 individuals and 11 SSR markers.Homostylous plants had fruit and seed sets comparable to those of distylous plants at lower elevations but exhibited a clear reproductive advantage at higher elevations,particularly compared with the S morph.As elevation increased,the populational selfing rates increased,and the genetic diversity among the progeny was reduced.Furthermore,the visitation frequency of long-tongued pollinators was negatively and positively correlated with the selfing rate and number of mates,respectively,in the L and S morphs.In contrast,short-tongued pollinator visitation showed opposite correlations with the selfing rate and number of mates in homostylous morphs.In most populations,individuals functioned consistently as both female and male,and mating occurred randomly,suggesting a breakdown of the distyly polymorphism.Overall,our results provide experimental validation of the reproductive advantages of homostyly at high elevations by revealing that pollinator visitation shapes the selfing rate and mating diversity within populations,potentially driving the divergence of mating systems along environmental gradients.展开更多
4-Bromo-3-methylphenol(BMP)is an important chemical intermediate with wide applications in the fields of medicine and pesticides.The synthesis of BMP from m-cresol via bromination is easy to carry out on an industrial...4-Bromo-3-methylphenol(BMP)is an important chemical intermediate with wide applications in the fields of medicine and pesticides.The synthesis of BMP from m-cresol via bromination is easy to carry out on an industrial scale.However,due to the formation of regioisomeric impurities during bromination and the low melting point of BMP,the separation process is prone to the formation of oily substances,resulting in low yield and purity.In this work,a new cocrystallization engineering approach was proposed to separate and purify BMP.Through design of experiments,the cocrystallization process of BMP and triethylenediamine(DABCO)was optimized using a minimum-run resolution IV screening design combined with response surface methodology.In addition,the obtained 2BMP-DABCO powder was characterized by thermal analysis,powder X-ray diffraction,infrared spectroscopy,and scanning electron microscopy.Single crystals of 2BMP-DABCO were grown from acetone by slow evaporation,and detailed structural information was obtained through single-crystal X-ray diffraction.The self-assembly mechanism was further clarified by density functional theory calculations.This study provides a simple,robust,and scalable method for the production of BMP and offers a reference for the separation and purification of phenolic substances.展开更多
The Zeeman effect,a fundamental quantum phenomenon,demonstrates the interaction between magnetic fields and atomic systems.While precise spectroscopic measurements of this effect have advanced significantly,there rema...The Zeeman effect,a fundamental quantum phenomenon,demonstrates the interaction between magnetic fields and atomic systems.While precise spectroscopic measurements of this effect have advanced significantly,there remains a lack of simple,visually accessible demonstration for educational purposes.Here,we present a low-cost experiment that allows for direct visual observation of the Zeeman effect.Our setup involves a flame containing sodium(from table salt)placed in front of a sodium vapor lamp.When a magnetic field is applied to the flame,the shadow cast by the flame noticeably lightens,providing a clear,naked-eye demonstration of the Zeeman effect.Furthermore,we conduct two quantitative experiments using this setup,examining the effects of varying magnetic field strength and sodium concentration.This innovative approach not only enriches the experimental demonstration for teaching atomic physics at undergraduate and high school levels but also provides an open platform for students to explore the Zeeman effect through hands-on experience.展开更多
Rock-ice avalanches in cold high-mountain regions pose severe hazards due to their high mobility,yet the quantitative controls of particle-size ratio and ice content remain insufficiently constrained.This study invest...Rock-ice avalanches in cold high-mountain regions pose severe hazards due to their high mobility,yet the quantitative controls of particle-size ratio and ice content remain insufficiently constrained.This study investigates their coupled effects using inclinedflume experiments and Discrete Element Method(DEM)simulations,covering three gravel sizes(2-5 mm,5-7 mm,7-10 mm)and four ice-content levels(0%,20%,40%,60%).Run-out distance,velocity,energy components,flow regime(Savage number),and segregation indexαwere quantified.Increasing ice content significantly enhances mobility,but with diminishing marginal effectiveness.From 0%to 40%ice content,run-out distance increases by 41%-86%,whereas the additional increase from 40%to 60%contributes only 12%-23%.Particle-size ratio strongly governs segregation intensity.Fine-gravel groups reach segregation indices ofα=0.92-0.98,indicating nearly complete upward migration of ice,whereas medium-gravel and coarse-gravel groups exhibit much weaker segregation,stabilizing atα=0.68-0.74 and 0.60-0.69.Savage number analyses reveal marked flow-regime transitions.At 0%ice content,Savage numbers reach 1.0-1.5,indicating a collisional regime.Increasing ice content suppresses collisionality,with Savage numbers decreasing to 0.03-0.07 at 60%ice content,consistent with dense-regime flow.DEM energy analyses confirm this regime shift:for finegravel mixtures,collision energy decreases by 14%,while sliding-friction energy increases by 33%as ice content increases from 0%to 60%,reflecting enhanced overburden effects imposed by upward-segregated ice layers.Medium and coarse mixtures exhibit weaker or opposite energy-shift patterns,demonstrating strong size dependence.Mechanistically,large particle-size contrasts promote strong segregation and form dense basal rock layers that increase basal friction and reduce mobility.When particle sizes are similar or ice content is high,segregation remains limited,allowing ice to mix into the basal layer,thereby reducing basal friction and enhancing mobility.This research quantitatively demonstrates how composition controls particle spatial distribution,flow regime,and energy dissipation,offering new mechanistic insights into the propagation and deposition behaviors of rock-ice avalanches and improving hazard assessment in vulnerable high-mountain regions.展开更多
To improve the accuracy of rockburst risk evaluation in mining and tunnelling engineering,the influence of intermediate principal stress σ_(2) deserves further consideration,which has been neglected in general predic...To improve the accuracy of rockburst risk evaluation in mining and tunnelling engineering,the influence of intermediate principal stress σ_(2) deserves further consideration,which has been neglected in general prediction frameworks.This study employs an integrated approach that combines true-triaxial unloading experiments with three-dimensional grain-based discrete element modeling(PFC3D-GBM)to examine the effects of σ_(2) on strain systematically burst and elucidate the underlying mechanisms.Through this dual experimental–numerical methodology,the strainburst characteristics under varying σ_(2) are analyzed in detail regarding mechanical responses,failure evolution and patterns,microscope fracture mechanisms,and energy partitioning.The results indicate that elevated σ_(2) can enhance the bearing capacity of rock,thereby necessitating a higher stress condition required for strainburst.However,it also enlarges the potential strainburst intensity,manifesting as deeper rockburst pits and more violent ejection of rock fragments.An increasing σ_(2) facilitates the microscope transgranular fractures,inhibits intergranular tensile fractures,and raises the kinetic energy conversion ratio slightly.It affects the intensity of strainburst through the following mechanisms,including the increase of energy storage limit,the intensification of Poisson effect for lateral expansion,and the enhancement of the transgranular fracturing mechanism.In practical engineering,the depth and range of support needs to be ensured under high σ_(2) conditions,and it is recommended to use prestressing techniques to control the development of significant slabbing.展开更多
COMPUTATIONAL experiments method is an essential tool for analyzing,designing,managing,and integrating complex systems.However,a significant challenge arises in constructing agents with human-like characteristics to f...COMPUTATIONAL experiments method is an essential tool for analyzing,designing,managing,and integrating complex systems.However,a significant challenge arises in constructing agents with human-like characteristics to form an AI society.Agent modeling typically encompasses four levels:1)The autonomy features of agents,e.g.,perception,behavior,and decision-making;2)The evolutionary features of agents,e.g.,bounded rationality,heterogeneity,and learning evolution;3)The social features of agents,e.g.,interaction,cooperation,and competition;4)The emergent features of agents,e.g.,gaming with environments or regulatory strategies.Traditional modeling techniques primarily derive from ABMs(Agent-based Models)and incorporate various emerging technologies(e.g.,machine learning,big data,and social networks),which can enhance modeling capabilities,while amplifying the complexity[1].展开更多
Reusable and flexible capturing of space debris is highly required in future aerospace technologies.A tendon-actuated flexible robotic arm is therefore proposed for capturing floating targets in this paper.Firstly,an ...Reusable and flexible capturing of space debris is highly required in future aerospace technologies.A tendon-actuated flexible robotic arm is therefore proposed for capturing floating targets in this paper.Firstly,an accurate dynamic model of the flexible robotic arm is established by using the absolute nodal coordinate formulation(ANCF)in the framework of the arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian(ALE)description and the natural coordinate formulation(NCF).The contact and self-contact dynamics of the flexible robotic arm when bending and grasping an object are considered via a fast contact detection approach.Then,the dynamic simulations of the flexible robotic arm for capturing floating targets are carried out to study the influence of the position,size,and mass of the target object on the grasping performance.Finally,a principle prototype of the tendon-actuated flexible robotic arm is manufactured to validate the dynamic model.The corresponding grasping experiments for objects of various shapes are also conducted to illustrate the excellent performance of the flexible robotic arm.展开更多
Objective:To screen and identify the key active molecules,signaling pathways,and therapeutic targets of Shuxuening(SXN)injection for treating liver cirrhosis(LC)and to evaluate its therapeutic potential using a mouse ...Objective:To screen and identify the key active molecules,signaling pathways,and therapeutic targets of Shuxuening(SXN)injection for treating liver cirrhosis(LC)and to evaluate its therapeutic potential using a mouse model.Methods:Target genes of SXN and LC were retrieved from public databases,and enrichment analysis was performed.A proteineprotein interaction(PPI)network was constructed using the Search Tool for the Retrieval of Interacting Genes/Proteins(STRING),and hub genes were identified using Molecular Complex Detection(MCODE).LC was induced in rats and mice via intraperitoneal injections of diethylnitrosamine and carbon tetrachloride(CCl4)for 12 weeks.Starting at week 7,SXN was administered intraperitoneally to the mice in the treatment group.Serum and liver tissues of the mice were collected for the detection of indicators,pathological staining,and expression analysis of hub targets using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction(qRT-PCR).Results:We identified 368 overlapping genes(OLGs)between SXN and LC targets.These OLGs were subsequently used to build a PPI network and to screen for hub genes.Enrichment analysis showed that these genes were associated with cancer-related pathways,including phosphoinositide-3-kinase/Akt and mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling and various cellular processes,such as responses to chemicals and metabolic regulation.In vivo experiments demonstrated that SXN treatment significantly improved liver function and pathology in CCl4-induced LC mice by reducing inflammation and collagen deposition.Furthermore,qRT-PCR demonstrated that SXN regulated the expression of MAPK8,AR and CASP3 in the livers of LC mice.Conclusion:This study highlighted the therapeutic effects of SXN in alleviating LC using both bioinformatics and experimental methods.The observed effect was associated with modulation of hub gene expression,particularly MAPK8,and CASP3.展开更多
《Animals and Zoonoses》是一本国际同行评审的、由爱思唯尔提供完全开放存取出版的专业性英文学术期刊(ISSN 2950-2489),由吉林大学主办,现为季刊,主编为我国著名的人兽共患病学专家中国工程院院士金宁一研究员。学报现已具备高起点...《Animals and Zoonoses》是一本国际同行评审的、由爱思唯尔提供完全开放存取出版的专业性英文学术期刊(ISSN 2950-2489),由吉林大学主办,现为季刊,主编为我国著名的人兽共患病学专家中国工程院院士金宁一研究员。学报现已具备高起点新刊的创办条件,将于2024年正式线上线下出版,国内外公开发行。目前学报已组建了包括6位院士在内的由100多位全球著名专家学者组成的高水平编委团队以及近200人的青年编委会,每期均约有一篇由相关领域院士撰写的高水平的学术论文,同时学报通过新媒体、国际著名出版集团爱思唯尔和专家学者等进行精准推广宣传和约稿,目标是利用5~8年的时间进入中科院SCI分区一区顶刊,逐步跨入世界一流学术期刊行列。展开更多
《Animals and Zoonoses》是一本国际同行评审的、由爱思唯尔提供完全开放存取出版的专业性英文学术期刊(ISSN 2950-2489),由吉林大学主办,现为季刊,主编为我国著名的人兽共患病学专家中国工程院院士金宁一研究员。学报现已具备高起点...《Animals and Zoonoses》是一本国际同行评审的、由爱思唯尔提供完全开放存取出版的专业性英文学术期刊(ISSN 2950-2489),由吉林大学主办,现为季刊,主编为我国著名的人兽共患病学专家中国工程院院士金宁一研究员。学报现已具备高起点新刊的创办条件,将于2024年正式线上线下出版,国内外公开发行。目前学报已组建了包括6位院士在内的由100多位全球著名专家学者组成的高水平编委团队以及近200人的青年编委会,每期均约有一篇由相关领域院士撰写的高水平的学术论文,同时学报通过新媒体、国际著名出版集团爱思唯尔和专家学者等进行精准推广宣传和约稿,目标是利用5~8年的时间进入中科院SCI分区一区顶刊,逐步跨入世界一流学术期刊行列。展开更多
《Animals and Zoonoses》是一本国际同行评审的、由爱思唯尔提供完全开放存取出版的专业性英文学术期刊(ISSN2950-2489),由吉林大学主办,现为季刊,主编为我国著名的人兽共患病学专家中国工程院院士金宁一研究员。学报现已具备高起点新...《Animals and Zoonoses》是一本国际同行评审的、由爱思唯尔提供完全开放存取出版的专业性英文学术期刊(ISSN2950-2489),由吉林大学主办,现为季刊,主编为我国著名的人兽共患病学专家中国工程院院士金宁一研究员。学报现已具备高起点新刊的创办条件,将于2024年正式线上线下出版,国内外公开发行。展开更多
《Animals and Zoonoses》是一本国际同行评审的、由爱思唯尔提供完全开放存取出版的专业性英文学术期刊(ISSN 2950-2489),由吉林大学主办,现为季刊,主编为我国著名的人兽共患病学专家中国工程院院士金宁一研究员。学报现已具备高起点...《Animals and Zoonoses》是一本国际同行评审的、由爱思唯尔提供完全开放存取出版的专业性英文学术期刊(ISSN 2950-2489),由吉林大学主办,现为季刊,主编为我国著名的人兽共患病学专家中国工程院院士金宁一研究员。学报现已具备高起点新刊的创办条件,将于2024年正式线上线下出版,国内外公开发行。展开更多
《Animals and Zoonoses》是一本国际同行评审的、由爱思唯尔提供完全开放存取出版的专业性英文学术期刊(ISSN 2950-2489),由吉林大学主办,现为季刊,主编为我国著名的人兽共患病学专家中国工程院院士金宁一研究员。学报现已具备高起点...《Animals and Zoonoses》是一本国际同行评审的、由爱思唯尔提供完全开放存取出版的专业性英文学术期刊(ISSN 2950-2489),由吉林大学主办,现为季刊,主编为我国著名的人兽共患病学专家中国工程院院士金宁一研究员。学报现已具备高起点新刊的创办条件,将于2024年正式线上线下出版,国内外公开发行。目前学报已组建了包括6位院士在内的由100多位全球著名专家学者组成的高水平编委团队以及近200人的青年编委会,每期均约有一篇由相关领域院士撰写的高水平的学术论文,同时学报通过新媒体、国际著名出版集团爱思唯尔和专家学者等进行精准推广宣传和约稿,目标是利用5~8年的时间进入中科院SCI分区一区顶刊,逐步跨入世界一流学术期刊行列。展开更多
《Animals and Zoonoses》是一本国际同行评审的、由爱思唯尔提供完全开放存取出版的专业性英文学术期刊(ISSN2950-2489),由吉林大学主办,现为季刊,主编为我国著名的人兽共患病学专家中国工程院院士金宁一研究员。学报现已具备高起点新...《Animals and Zoonoses》是一本国际同行评审的、由爱思唯尔提供完全开放存取出版的专业性英文学术期刊(ISSN2950-2489),由吉林大学主办,现为季刊,主编为我国著名的人兽共患病学专家中国工程院院士金宁一研究员。学报现已具备高起点新刊的创办条件,将于2024年正式线上线下出版,国内外公开发行。展开更多
《Animals and Zoonoses》是一本国际同行评审的、由爱思唯尔提供完全开放存取出版的专业性英文学术期刊(ISSN2950-2489),由吉林大学主办,现为季刊,主编为我国著名的人兽共患病学专家中国工程院院士金宁一研究员。学报现已具备高起点新...《Animals and Zoonoses》是一本国际同行评审的、由爱思唯尔提供完全开放存取出版的专业性英文学术期刊(ISSN2950-2489),由吉林大学主办,现为季刊,主编为我国著名的人兽共患病学专家中国工程院院士金宁一研究员。学报现已具备高起点新刊的创办条件,将于2024年正式线上线下出版,国内外公开发行。展开更多
《Animals and Zoonoses》是一本国际同行评审的、由爱思唯尔提供完全开放存取出版的专业性英文学术期刊(ISSN2950-2489),由吉林大学主办,现为季刊,主编为我国著名的人兽共患病学专家中国工程院院士金宁一研究员。学报现已具备高起点新...《Animals and Zoonoses》是一本国际同行评审的、由爱思唯尔提供完全开放存取出版的专业性英文学术期刊(ISSN2950-2489),由吉林大学主办,现为季刊,主编为我国著名的人兽共患病学专家中国工程院院士金宁一研究员。学报现已具备高起点新刊的创办条件,将于2024年正式线上线下出版,国内外公开发行。展开更多
《Animals and Zonoseso》是一本国际同行评审的、由爱思唯尔提供完全开放存取出版的专业性英文学术期刊(ISSN 2950-2489),由吉林大学主办,现为季刊,主编为我国著名的人兽共患病学专家中国工程院院士金宁一研究员。学报现已具备高起点...《Animals and Zonoseso》是一本国际同行评审的、由爱思唯尔提供完全开放存取出版的专业性英文学术期刊(ISSN 2950-2489),由吉林大学主办,现为季刊,主编为我国著名的人兽共患病学专家中国工程院院士金宁一研究员。学报现已具备高起点新刊的创办条件,将于2024年正式线上线下出版,国内外公开发行。目前学报已组建了包括6位院士在内的由100多位全球著名专家学者组成的高水平编委团队以及近200人的青年编委会,每期均约有一篇由相关领域院士撰写的高水平的学术论文,同时学报通过新媒体、国际著名出版集团爱思唯尔和专家学者等进行精准推广宣传和约稿,目标是利用5~8年的时间进入中科院SCI分区一区顶刊,逐步跨入世界一流学术期刊行列。展开更多
《Animals and Zoonoses》是一本国际同行评审的、由爱思唯尔提供完全开放存取出版的专业性英文学术期刊(ISSN 2950-2489),由吉林大学主办,现为季刊,主编为我国著名的人兽共患病学专家中国工程院院士金宁一研究员。学报现已具备高起点...《Animals and Zoonoses》是一本国际同行评审的、由爱思唯尔提供完全开放存取出版的专业性英文学术期刊(ISSN 2950-2489),由吉林大学主办,现为季刊,主编为我国著名的人兽共患病学专家中国工程院院士金宁一研究员。学报现已具备高起点新刊的创办条件,将于2024年正式线上线下出版,国内外公开发行。展开更多
《Animals and Zoonoses》是一本国际同行评审的、由爱思唯尔提供完全开放存取出版的专业性英文学术期刊(ISSN 2950-2489),由吉林大学主办,现为季刊,主编为我国著名的人兽共患病学专家中国工程院院士金宁一研究员。学报现已具备高起点...《Animals and Zoonoses》是一本国际同行评审的、由爱思唯尔提供完全开放存取出版的专业性英文学术期刊(ISSN 2950-2489),由吉林大学主办,现为季刊,主编为我国著名的人兽共患病学专家中国工程院院士金宁一研究员。学报现已具备高起点新刊的创办条件,将于2024年正式线上线下出版,国内外公开发行。展开更多
A jungle is full of life.You can sometimes see exhibits of jungle animals and learn about them.Monkeys play in jungle trees.Colorful parrots fly and call to one another.Black and orange tigers hunt under the trees.
基金funded by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31800314,32370239,U160323)the foundation of South China Botanical Garden,Chinese Academy of Sciences (QNXM-06)to SYthe Doctoral Research Foundation of China West Normal University (412994)。
文摘Transitioning from outcrossing to self-fertilization is a widespread reproductive strategy in plants,especially in environments where pollination is limited.Despite its prevalence,this transition has rarely been examined using transplant experiments,and previous studies have overlooked the contribution of the male parent in elucidating mating diversity.In this study,six transplanted populations were generated to investigate the relationship of the pollination environment with plant mating patterns and fecundity in Primula oreodoxa,a species that exhibits both distyly(predominantly outcrossing)and homostyly(predominantly selfing),based on data from 3582 individuals and 11 SSR markers.Homostylous plants had fruit and seed sets comparable to those of distylous plants at lower elevations but exhibited a clear reproductive advantage at higher elevations,particularly compared with the S morph.As elevation increased,the populational selfing rates increased,and the genetic diversity among the progeny was reduced.Furthermore,the visitation frequency of long-tongued pollinators was negatively and positively correlated with the selfing rate and number of mates,respectively,in the L and S morphs.In contrast,short-tongued pollinator visitation showed opposite correlations with the selfing rate and number of mates in homostylous morphs.In most populations,individuals functioned consistently as both female and male,and mating occurred randomly,suggesting a breakdown of the distyly polymorphism.Overall,our results provide experimental validation of the reproductive advantages of homostyly at high elevations by revealing that pollinator visitation shapes the selfing rate and mating diversity within populations,potentially driving the divergence of mating systems along environmental gradients.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22177011(R.Z.Qiao),21977012(R.Z.Qiao),and 21572018(C.Li))the National High-Level Hospital Clinical Research Funding(2023-NHLHCRF-YXHZ-ZRMS-02)the Joint Project of BRCBC(Biomedical Translational Engineering Research Center of BUCT-CJFH)(XK2020-06).
文摘4-Bromo-3-methylphenol(BMP)is an important chemical intermediate with wide applications in the fields of medicine and pesticides.The synthesis of BMP from m-cresol via bromination is easy to carry out on an industrial scale.However,due to the formation of regioisomeric impurities during bromination and the low melting point of BMP,the separation process is prone to the formation of oily substances,resulting in low yield and purity.In this work,a new cocrystallization engineering approach was proposed to separate and purify BMP.Through design of experiments,the cocrystallization process of BMP and triethylenediamine(DABCO)was optimized using a minimum-run resolution IV screening design combined with response surface methodology.In addition,the obtained 2BMP-DABCO powder was characterized by thermal analysis,powder X-ray diffraction,infrared spectroscopy,and scanning electron microscopy.Single crystals of 2BMP-DABCO were grown from acetone by slow evaporation,and detailed structural information was obtained through single-crystal X-ray diffraction.The self-assembly mechanism was further clarified by density functional theory calculations.This study provides a simple,robust,and scalable method for the production of BMP and offers a reference for the separation and purification of phenolic substances.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China for support under grant No.12305037the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities under grant No.2023NTST017。
文摘The Zeeman effect,a fundamental quantum phenomenon,demonstrates the interaction between magnetic fields and atomic systems.While precise spectroscopic measurements of this effect have advanced significantly,there remains a lack of simple,visually accessible demonstration for educational purposes.Here,we present a low-cost experiment that allows for direct visual observation of the Zeeman effect.Our setup involves a flame containing sodium(from table salt)placed in front of a sodium vapor lamp.When a magnetic field is applied to the flame,the shadow cast by the flame noticeably lightens,providing a clear,naked-eye demonstration of the Zeeman effect.Furthermore,we conduct two quantitative experiments using this setup,examining the effects of varying magnetic field strength and sodium concentration.This innovative approach not only enriches the experimental demonstration for teaching atomic physics at undergraduate and high school levels but also provides an open platform for students to explore the Zeeman effect through hands-on experience.
基金funded by the Natural Science Foundation of China(Grants No 42277127)。
文摘Rock-ice avalanches in cold high-mountain regions pose severe hazards due to their high mobility,yet the quantitative controls of particle-size ratio and ice content remain insufficiently constrained.This study investigates their coupled effects using inclinedflume experiments and Discrete Element Method(DEM)simulations,covering three gravel sizes(2-5 mm,5-7 mm,7-10 mm)and four ice-content levels(0%,20%,40%,60%).Run-out distance,velocity,energy components,flow regime(Savage number),and segregation indexαwere quantified.Increasing ice content significantly enhances mobility,but with diminishing marginal effectiveness.From 0%to 40%ice content,run-out distance increases by 41%-86%,whereas the additional increase from 40%to 60%contributes only 12%-23%.Particle-size ratio strongly governs segregation intensity.Fine-gravel groups reach segregation indices ofα=0.92-0.98,indicating nearly complete upward migration of ice,whereas medium-gravel and coarse-gravel groups exhibit much weaker segregation,stabilizing atα=0.68-0.74 and 0.60-0.69.Savage number analyses reveal marked flow-regime transitions.At 0%ice content,Savage numbers reach 1.0-1.5,indicating a collisional regime.Increasing ice content suppresses collisionality,with Savage numbers decreasing to 0.03-0.07 at 60%ice content,consistent with dense-regime flow.DEM energy analyses confirm this regime shift:for finegravel mixtures,collision energy decreases by 14%,while sliding-friction energy increases by 33%as ice content increases from 0%to 60%,reflecting enhanced overburden effects imposed by upward-segregated ice layers.Medium and coarse mixtures exhibit weaker or opposite energy-shift patterns,demonstrating strong size dependence.Mechanistically,large particle-size contrasts promote strong segregation and form dense basal rock layers that increase basal friction and reduce mobility.When particle sizes are similar or ice content is high,segregation remains limited,allowing ice to mix into the basal layer,thereby reducing basal friction and enhancing mobility.This research quantitatively demonstrates how composition controls particle spatial distribution,flow regime,and energy dissipation,offering new mechanistic insights into the propagation and deposition behaviors of rock-ice avalanches and improving hazard assessment in vulnerable high-mountain regions.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.42507210)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.2025XJSB01)+1 种基金the State Key Laboratory for Tunnel Engineering(No.SKLTEK202421)the Foundation of Key Laboratory of Deep Coal Resource Mining(China University of Mining and Technology),Ministry of Education(No.KLDCRMMOE24KF11).
文摘To improve the accuracy of rockburst risk evaluation in mining and tunnelling engineering,the influence of intermediate principal stress σ_(2) deserves further consideration,which has been neglected in general prediction frameworks.This study employs an integrated approach that combines true-triaxial unloading experiments with three-dimensional grain-based discrete element modeling(PFC3D-GBM)to examine the effects of σ_(2) on strain systematically burst and elucidate the underlying mechanisms.Through this dual experimental–numerical methodology,the strainburst characteristics under varying σ_(2) are analyzed in detail regarding mechanical responses,failure evolution and patterns,microscope fracture mechanisms,and energy partitioning.The results indicate that elevated σ_(2) can enhance the bearing capacity of rock,thereby necessitating a higher stress condition required for strainburst.However,it also enlarges the potential strainburst intensity,manifesting as deeper rockburst pits and more violent ejection of rock fragments.An increasing σ_(2) facilitates the microscope transgranular fractures,inhibits intergranular tensile fractures,and raises the kinetic energy conversion ratio slightly.It affects the intensity of strainburst through the following mechanisms,including the increase of energy storage limit,the intensification of Poisson effect for lateral expansion,and the enhancement of the transgranular fracturing mechanism.In practical engineering,the depth and range of support needs to be ensured under high σ_(2) conditions,and it is recommended to use prestressing techniques to control the development of significant slabbing.
基金supported in part by National Key Research and Development Program of China(2021YFF0900800)National Natural Science Foundation of China(62472306,62441221,62206116)+2 种基金Tianjin University’s 2024 Special Project on Disciplinary Development(XKJS-2024-5-9)Tianjin University Talent Innovation Reward Program for Literature&Science Graduate Student(C1-2022-010)Shanxi Province Social Science Foundation(2020F002).
文摘COMPUTATIONAL experiments method is an essential tool for analyzing,designing,managing,and integrating complex systems.However,a significant challenge arises in constructing agents with human-like characteristics to form an AI society.Agent modeling typically encompasses four levels:1)The autonomy features of agents,e.g.,perception,behavior,and decision-making;2)The evolutionary features of agents,e.g.,bounded rationality,heterogeneity,and learning evolution;3)The social features of agents,e.g.,interaction,cooperation,and competition;4)The emergent features of agents,e.g.,gaming with environments or regulatory strategies.Traditional modeling techniques primarily derive from ABMs(Agent-based Models)and incorporate various emerging technologies(e.g.,machine learning,big data,and social networks),which can enhance modeling capabilities,while amplifying the complexity[1].
基金funded by the"14th Five-Year Plan"Civil Aerospace Pre-research Project of China(Grant No.D010301).
文摘Reusable and flexible capturing of space debris is highly required in future aerospace technologies.A tendon-actuated flexible robotic arm is therefore proposed for capturing floating targets in this paper.Firstly,an accurate dynamic model of the flexible robotic arm is established by using the absolute nodal coordinate formulation(ANCF)in the framework of the arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian(ALE)description and the natural coordinate formulation(NCF).The contact and self-contact dynamics of the flexible robotic arm when bending and grasping an object are considered via a fast contact detection approach.Then,the dynamic simulations of the flexible robotic arm for capturing floating targets are carried out to study the influence of the position,size,and mass of the target object on the grasping performance.Finally,a principle prototype of the tendon-actuated flexible robotic arm is manufactured to validate the dynamic model.The corresponding grasping experiments for objects of various shapes are also conducted to illustrate the excellent performance of the flexible robotic arm.
基金Our study was funded by the Clinical Research Special Fund of Wu Jieping Medical Foundation(320.6750.2022-25-8)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Cornell University(2024-JYBXJSJJ042 and 2024-JYB-JBZD-058).
文摘Objective:To screen and identify the key active molecules,signaling pathways,and therapeutic targets of Shuxuening(SXN)injection for treating liver cirrhosis(LC)and to evaluate its therapeutic potential using a mouse model.Methods:Target genes of SXN and LC were retrieved from public databases,and enrichment analysis was performed.A proteineprotein interaction(PPI)network was constructed using the Search Tool for the Retrieval of Interacting Genes/Proteins(STRING),and hub genes were identified using Molecular Complex Detection(MCODE).LC was induced in rats and mice via intraperitoneal injections of diethylnitrosamine and carbon tetrachloride(CCl4)for 12 weeks.Starting at week 7,SXN was administered intraperitoneally to the mice in the treatment group.Serum and liver tissues of the mice were collected for the detection of indicators,pathological staining,and expression analysis of hub targets using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction(qRT-PCR).Results:We identified 368 overlapping genes(OLGs)between SXN and LC targets.These OLGs were subsequently used to build a PPI network and to screen for hub genes.Enrichment analysis showed that these genes were associated with cancer-related pathways,including phosphoinositide-3-kinase/Akt and mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling and various cellular processes,such as responses to chemicals and metabolic regulation.In vivo experiments demonstrated that SXN treatment significantly improved liver function and pathology in CCl4-induced LC mice by reducing inflammation and collagen deposition.Furthermore,qRT-PCR demonstrated that SXN regulated the expression of MAPK8,AR and CASP3 in the livers of LC mice.Conclusion:This study highlighted the therapeutic effects of SXN in alleviating LC using both bioinformatics and experimental methods.The observed effect was associated with modulation of hub gene expression,particularly MAPK8,and CASP3.
文摘《Animals and Zoonoses》是一本国际同行评审的、由爱思唯尔提供完全开放存取出版的专业性英文学术期刊(ISSN 2950-2489),由吉林大学主办,现为季刊,主编为我国著名的人兽共患病学专家中国工程院院士金宁一研究员。学报现已具备高起点新刊的创办条件,将于2024年正式线上线下出版,国内外公开发行。目前学报已组建了包括6位院士在内的由100多位全球著名专家学者组成的高水平编委团队以及近200人的青年编委会,每期均约有一篇由相关领域院士撰写的高水平的学术论文,同时学报通过新媒体、国际著名出版集团爱思唯尔和专家学者等进行精准推广宣传和约稿,目标是利用5~8年的时间进入中科院SCI分区一区顶刊,逐步跨入世界一流学术期刊行列。
文摘《Animals and Zoonoses》是一本国际同行评审的、由爱思唯尔提供完全开放存取出版的专业性英文学术期刊(ISSN 2950-2489),由吉林大学主办,现为季刊,主编为我国著名的人兽共患病学专家中国工程院院士金宁一研究员。学报现已具备高起点新刊的创办条件,将于2024年正式线上线下出版,国内外公开发行。目前学报已组建了包括6位院士在内的由100多位全球著名专家学者组成的高水平编委团队以及近200人的青年编委会,每期均约有一篇由相关领域院士撰写的高水平的学术论文,同时学报通过新媒体、国际著名出版集团爱思唯尔和专家学者等进行精准推广宣传和约稿,目标是利用5~8年的时间进入中科院SCI分区一区顶刊,逐步跨入世界一流学术期刊行列。
文摘《Animals and Zoonoses》是一本国际同行评审的、由爱思唯尔提供完全开放存取出版的专业性英文学术期刊(ISSN2950-2489),由吉林大学主办,现为季刊,主编为我国著名的人兽共患病学专家中国工程院院士金宁一研究员。学报现已具备高起点新刊的创办条件,将于2024年正式线上线下出版,国内外公开发行。
文摘《Animals and Zoonoses》是一本国际同行评审的、由爱思唯尔提供完全开放存取出版的专业性英文学术期刊(ISSN 2950-2489),由吉林大学主办,现为季刊,主编为我国著名的人兽共患病学专家中国工程院院士金宁一研究员。学报现已具备高起点新刊的创办条件,将于2024年正式线上线下出版,国内外公开发行。
文摘《Animals and Zoonoses》是一本国际同行评审的、由爱思唯尔提供完全开放存取出版的专业性英文学术期刊(ISSN 2950-2489),由吉林大学主办,现为季刊,主编为我国著名的人兽共患病学专家中国工程院院士金宁一研究员。学报现已具备高起点新刊的创办条件,将于2024年正式线上线下出版,国内外公开发行。目前学报已组建了包括6位院士在内的由100多位全球著名专家学者组成的高水平编委团队以及近200人的青年编委会,每期均约有一篇由相关领域院士撰写的高水平的学术论文,同时学报通过新媒体、国际著名出版集团爱思唯尔和专家学者等进行精准推广宣传和约稿,目标是利用5~8年的时间进入中科院SCI分区一区顶刊,逐步跨入世界一流学术期刊行列。
文摘《Animals and Zoonoses》是一本国际同行评审的、由爱思唯尔提供完全开放存取出版的专业性英文学术期刊(ISSN2950-2489),由吉林大学主办,现为季刊,主编为我国著名的人兽共患病学专家中国工程院院士金宁一研究员。学报现已具备高起点新刊的创办条件,将于2024年正式线上线下出版,国内外公开发行。
文摘《Animals and Zoonoses》是一本国际同行评审的、由爱思唯尔提供完全开放存取出版的专业性英文学术期刊(ISSN2950-2489),由吉林大学主办,现为季刊,主编为我国著名的人兽共患病学专家中国工程院院士金宁一研究员。学报现已具备高起点新刊的创办条件,将于2024年正式线上线下出版,国内外公开发行。
文摘《Animals and Zoonoses》是一本国际同行评审的、由爱思唯尔提供完全开放存取出版的专业性英文学术期刊(ISSN2950-2489),由吉林大学主办,现为季刊,主编为我国著名的人兽共患病学专家中国工程院院士金宁一研究员。学报现已具备高起点新刊的创办条件,将于2024年正式线上线下出版,国内外公开发行。
文摘《Animals and Zonoseso》是一本国际同行评审的、由爱思唯尔提供完全开放存取出版的专业性英文学术期刊(ISSN 2950-2489),由吉林大学主办,现为季刊,主编为我国著名的人兽共患病学专家中国工程院院士金宁一研究员。学报现已具备高起点新刊的创办条件,将于2024年正式线上线下出版,国内外公开发行。目前学报已组建了包括6位院士在内的由100多位全球著名专家学者组成的高水平编委团队以及近200人的青年编委会,每期均约有一篇由相关领域院士撰写的高水平的学术论文,同时学报通过新媒体、国际著名出版集团爱思唯尔和专家学者等进行精准推广宣传和约稿,目标是利用5~8年的时间进入中科院SCI分区一区顶刊,逐步跨入世界一流学术期刊行列。
文摘《Animals and Zoonoses》是一本国际同行评审的、由爱思唯尔提供完全开放存取出版的专业性英文学术期刊(ISSN 2950-2489),由吉林大学主办,现为季刊,主编为我国著名的人兽共患病学专家中国工程院院士金宁一研究员。学报现已具备高起点新刊的创办条件,将于2024年正式线上线下出版,国内外公开发行。
文摘《Animals and Zoonoses》是一本国际同行评审的、由爱思唯尔提供完全开放存取出版的专业性英文学术期刊(ISSN 2950-2489),由吉林大学主办,现为季刊,主编为我国著名的人兽共患病学专家中国工程院院士金宁一研究员。学报现已具备高起点新刊的创办条件,将于2024年正式线上线下出版,国内外公开发行。
文摘A jungle is full of life.You can sometimes see exhibits of jungle animals and learn about them.Monkeys play in jungle trees.Colorful parrots fly and call to one another.Black and orange tigers hunt under the trees.
