Studies demonstrate a decline in androgens with age and this results in the andropause. The objective of this paperis to review the literature on hormonal changes that occur in the aging males and determine if there a...Studies demonstrate a decline in androgens with age and this results in the andropause. The objective of this paperis to review the literature on hormonal changes that occur in the aging males and determine if there are associations be-tween decreased testosterone, dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) and decreased cognitive function. Trials of androgen re-placement and its impact on cognitive function will also be analyzed. Method of analysis will be by a thorough searchof articles on MEDLINE, the Internet and major abstract databases. Results of the author's own research in 302 men ofthe association of memory loss as a symptom in the andropause will be presented. In addition, the authors open trial oftestosterone replacement in hypogonadic men with Alzheimer's disease will also be presented. The results of the author'strial will be compared with other investigators. High endogenous testosterone level predicted better performance on visu-al spatial tests in several studies, but not in all studies. Likewise, testosterone replacement in hypogonadic patients im-proved cognitive functions in some but not all studies. Testosterone has also been shown to improve cognitive functionin eugonadal men. Several studies have shown that declines in DHEA may contribute to Alzheimer's disease and the re-sults of double blind studies with DHEA replacement and its effect on cognition will also be presented. In summary,there is still no consensus that androgen replacement is beneficial in cognitive decline but this option may prove promis-ing in some patients. (Asian J Androl 2001 Sep; 3: 169-174)展开更多
Objective: The expression of B-cell lymphoma 2(Bcl-2) seems to be influenced by the endocrine environment. Numerous reports demonstrate the diverse expression of Bcl-2 family members under sex steroid regulation. With...Objective: The expression of B-cell lymphoma 2(Bcl-2) seems to be influenced by the endocrine environment. Numerous reports demonstrate the diverse expression of Bcl-2 family members under sex steroid regulation. With the exception of estrogen-related tumors, androgen-related tumors have shown their characteristics in Bcl-2 expression. In this study, the status of Bcl-2 expression in male hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) patients was examined to verify the high incidence of HCC in males.Methods: Tumor tissue microarray was used to examine Bcl-2 expression levels in 374 HCC cases including 306 males and 68 females. Kaplan-Meier method, log-rank test, and Cox proportional hazards model were applied to investigate the predictive value of Bcl-2 in HCC patients.Results: Immunohistochemistry analysis showed that male patients with higher Bcl-2 levels had significantly longer median survival time and recurrence time than those with lower levels. However, no significant differences in outcomes were found between different Bcl-2 levels in female patients. When the male patients were stratified into several age points, the level of Bcl-2expression showed poorer predictive efficiency in the 45–49 and 55–60 age groups in andropause-age patients compared with other age groups. Bcl-2 was an independent prognostic factor for both overall survival(P < 0.0001) and recurrence time(P =0.0001) in male patients. After excluding male patients in the 45–60 age group, the predictive efficiency was enhanced(n = 147,OS, P = 0.0002, TTR, P < 0.0001).Conclusions: Bcl-2 expression is an independent predictor of survival and recurrence in male HCC. Bcl-2 levels may also be regulated by androgens or androgen receptors in male HCC patients. Bcl-2 levels change and exhibit poor predictive efficiency when androgen levels vary dramatically(andropause age).展开更多
Andropause refers to a generalized decline of male hormones, including testosterone and dehydroepiandrosterone in middle-aged and aging men. This decline in hormones has been associated with changes such as depression...Andropause refers to a generalized decline of male hormones, including testosterone and dehydroepiandrosterone in middle-aged and aging men. This decline in hormones has been associated with changes such as depression, loss of libido, sexual dysfunction, and changes in body composition. Aging has been associated with an abundance of concomitant diseases, in particular cardiovascular diseases, and although andropause is correlated to aging, a causal relationship between reduction of androgens and the development of chronic diseases such as atherosclerosis and heart failure has not been convincingly established yet. On the other hand, increasing data has emerged that revealed the effects of low levels of androgens on cardiovascular disease progression. As an example, low levels of testosterone have been linked to a higher incidence of coronary artery disease. Whether hormone replacement therapy that is used for andropausal men to alleviate symptoms of ＂male menopause＂ can halt progression of cardiovascular disease, remains controversially discussed, primarily due to the lack of well-designed, randomized controlled trials. At least for symptom improvement, the use of androgen replacement therapy in andropausal men may be clinically indicated, and with the appropriate supervision and follow up may prove to be beneficial with regard to preservation of the integrity of cardiovascular health at higher ages.展开更多
Erectile dysfunction (ED) is increasingly prevalent in Japan, exceeding 30%, and increasing with age. Unhealthy lifestyle habits, obesity, insufficient exercise, and smoking have been implicated in its pathogenesis, a...Erectile dysfunction (ED) is increasingly prevalent in Japan, exceeding 30%, and increasing with age. Unhealthy lifestyle habits, obesity, insufficient exercise, and smoking have been implicated in its pathogenesis, along with endothelial dysfunction of the corpora cavernosa and impaired blood flow to the penis considered underlying factors. However, the current treatments are limited to Phosphodiesterase-5 (PDE5) inhibitors. ED is the primary symptom of andropathy. This study reports the clinical efficacy of human stem cell-conditioned medium cream for ED treatment. Ten men without underlying diseases suspected of andropause with ED (mean age 43.2 ± 4.4 y, Hb 15.2 ± 0.6 gm/dL, AST/ALT 30.2/37.9 ± 12.4/14.0, eGFR 82.7 ± 12.4 mL/min/1.73 m2) were targeted. The cream was applied twice daily to the genital and scrotal areas. The erectile hardness score (EHS), International Index of Erectile Function-5 (IIEF-5), and Aging Male Symptoms (AMS) scale were used to evaluate the participants before and 30 days after use, and the results were compared using paired t-tests. The post-use qualitative opinions were collected through interviews. Significant improvements were observed compared to baseline in the IIEF-5 (11.8 ± 4.6→17.2 ± 5.1, P < 0.001), and AMS (46.3 ± 6.7→37.6 ± 5.3, P < 0.001) scores post cream use. EHS did not show a statistically significant difference, but a trend towards improvement was observed. Qualitative feedback included increased morning erection, improved maintenance of erection during intercourse, and reduced post work fatigue. Human stem cell-conditioned medium contains endothelial growth factors that potentially contribute to the improvement of ED and andropause by enhancing corporal endothelial function. Future studies should include control groups to further investigate the efficacy of these treatments.展开更多
The present study consists of verifying the relation between life events mid intimacy and relational satisfaction in men from 40 years of age. The sample consisted of 70 males aged 40 years or older （M= 51.6, SD = 8....The present study consists of verifying the relation between life events mid intimacy and relational satisfaction in men from 40 years of age. The sample consisted of 70 males aged 40 years or older （M= 51.6, SD = 8.1）. In order to obtain the results, all the described life events were analyzed and the intimacy and relational satisfaction questionnaire, ＂Revised Dyadic Adjustment Scale＂ （RDAS） was used. It was confirmed that there were significant differences in intimacy and relational satisfaction, comparing the subjects who pointed out very positive life events with the subjects who pointed out very negative life events. Regarding to the first group, there was a greater degree of satisfaction with intimacy, a greater agreement between the couple, a higher participation in joint activities and few disagreements within the relationship. However, the duration of the relationship and partner age are higher in the second group. It was also verified that subjects between 40 and 50 years old presented a higher degree of satisfaction with intimacy, comparing with subjects between 51 and 79 years, although the latter had longer relationships and that partner age was older.展开更多
Aim： To evaluate the testosterone mimetic properties of icariin. Methods： Forty-eight healthy male Sprague-Dawley rats at the age of 15 months were randomly divided into four groups with 12 rats each： the control g...Aim： To evaluate the testosterone mimetic properties of icariin. Methods： Forty-eight healthy male Sprague-Dawley rats at the age of 15 months were randomly divided into four groups with 12 rats each： the control group （C）, the model group （M）, the icariin group （ICA） and the testosterone group （T）. The reproductive system was damaged by cyclophosphamide （intraperitoneal injection, 20 mg/kg·day） for 5 consecutive days for groups M, ICA and T, at the sixth day, ICA （gastric gavage, 200 mg/kg·day） for the ICA group and sterandryl （subcutaneous injection, 5 rag/rat.day） for the T group for 7 consecutive days, respectively. The levels of serum testosterone, luteinizing hormone （LH）, follicle stimulating hormone （FSH）, serum bone Gla-protein （BGP） and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase activity in serum （StrACP） were determined. The histological changes of the testis and the penis were observed by microscope with hematoxylin-eosin （HE） staining and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase biotin-dUTP-X nick end labeling （TUNEL）, respectively. Results： （1） Icariin improved the condition of reproductive organs and increased the circulating levels of testosterone. （2） Icariin treatment also improved the steady-state serum BGP and might have promoted bone formation. At the same time, it decreased the serum levels of StrACP and might have reduced the bone resorption. （3） Icarrin suppressed the extent of apoptosis of penile cavernosal smooth muscle cells. Conclusion： Icariin has testosterone mimetic properties and has therapeutic potential in the management of hypoandrogenism.展开更多
文摘Studies demonstrate a decline in androgens with age and this results in the andropause. The objective of this paperis to review the literature on hormonal changes that occur in the aging males and determine if there are associations be-tween decreased testosterone, dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) and decreased cognitive function. Trials of androgen re-placement and its impact on cognitive function will also be analyzed. Method of analysis will be by a thorough searchof articles on MEDLINE, the Internet and major abstract databases. Results of the author's own research in 302 men ofthe association of memory loss as a symptom in the andropause will be presented. In addition, the authors open trial oftestosterone replacement in hypogonadic men with Alzheimer's disease will also be presented. The results of the author'strial will be compared with other investigators. High endogenous testosterone level predicted better performance on visu-al spatial tests in several studies, but not in all studies. Likewise, testosterone replacement in hypogonadic patients im-proved cognitive functions in some but not all studies. Testosterone has also been shown to improve cognitive functionin eugonadal men. Several studies have shown that declines in DHEA may contribute to Alzheimer's disease and the re-sults of double blind studies with DHEA replacement and its effect on cognition will also be presented. In summary,there is still no consensus that androgen replacement is beneficial in cognitive decline but this option may prove promis-ing in some patients. (Asian J Androl 2001 Sep; 3: 169-174)
文摘Objective: The expression of B-cell lymphoma 2(Bcl-2) seems to be influenced by the endocrine environment. Numerous reports demonstrate the diverse expression of Bcl-2 family members under sex steroid regulation. With the exception of estrogen-related tumors, androgen-related tumors have shown their characteristics in Bcl-2 expression. In this study, the status of Bcl-2 expression in male hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) patients was examined to verify the high incidence of HCC in males.Methods: Tumor tissue microarray was used to examine Bcl-2 expression levels in 374 HCC cases including 306 males and 68 females. Kaplan-Meier method, log-rank test, and Cox proportional hazards model were applied to investigate the predictive value of Bcl-2 in HCC patients.Results: Immunohistochemistry analysis showed that male patients with higher Bcl-2 levels had significantly longer median survival time and recurrence time than those with lower levels. However, no significant differences in outcomes were found between different Bcl-2 levels in female patients. When the male patients were stratified into several age points, the level of Bcl-2expression showed poorer predictive efficiency in the 45–49 and 55–60 age groups in andropause-age patients compared with other age groups. Bcl-2 was an independent prognostic factor for both overall survival(P < 0.0001) and recurrence time(P =0.0001) in male patients. After excluding male patients in the 45–60 age group, the predictive efficiency was enhanced(n = 147,OS, P = 0.0002, TTR, P < 0.0001).Conclusions: Bcl-2 expression is an independent predictor of survival and recurrence in male HCC. Bcl-2 levels may also be regulated by androgens or androgen receptors in male HCC patients. Bcl-2 levels change and exhibit poor predictive efficiency when androgen levels vary dramatically(andropause age).
文摘Andropause refers to a generalized decline of male hormones, including testosterone and dehydroepiandrosterone in middle-aged and aging men. This decline in hormones has been associated with changes such as depression, loss of libido, sexual dysfunction, and changes in body composition. Aging has been associated with an abundance of concomitant diseases, in particular cardiovascular diseases, and although andropause is correlated to aging, a causal relationship between reduction of androgens and the development of chronic diseases such as atherosclerosis and heart failure has not been convincingly established yet. On the other hand, increasing data has emerged that revealed the effects of low levels of androgens on cardiovascular disease progression. As an example, low levels of testosterone have been linked to a higher incidence of coronary artery disease. Whether hormone replacement therapy that is used for andropausal men to alleviate symptoms of ＂male menopause＂ can halt progression of cardiovascular disease, remains controversially discussed, primarily due to the lack of well-designed, randomized controlled trials. At least for symptom improvement, the use of androgen replacement therapy in andropausal men may be clinically indicated, and with the appropriate supervision and follow up may prove to be beneficial with regard to preservation of the integrity of cardiovascular health at higher ages.
文摘Erectile dysfunction (ED) is increasingly prevalent in Japan, exceeding 30%, and increasing with age. Unhealthy lifestyle habits, obesity, insufficient exercise, and smoking have been implicated in its pathogenesis, along with endothelial dysfunction of the corpora cavernosa and impaired blood flow to the penis considered underlying factors. However, the current treatments are limited to Phosphodiesterase-5 (PDE5) inhibitors. ED is the primary symptom of andropathy. This study reports the clinical efficacy of human stem cell-conditioned medium cream for ED treatment. Ten men without underlying diseases suspected of andropause with ED (mean age 43.2 ± 4.4 y, Hb 15.2 ± 0.6 gm/dL, AST/ALT 30.2/37.9 ± 12.4/14.0, eGFR 82.7 ± 12.4 mL/min/1.73 m2) were targeted. The cream was applied twice daily to the genital and scrotal areas. The erectile hardness score (EHS), International Index of Erectile Function-5 (IIEF-5), and Aging Male Symptoms (AMS) scale were used to evaluate the participants before and 30 days after use, and the results were compared using paired t-tests. The post-use qualitative opinions were collected through interviews. Significant improvements were observed compared to baseline in the IIEF-5 (11.8 ± 4.6→17.2 ± 5.1, P < 0.001), and AMS (46.3 ± 6.7→37.6 ± 5.3, P < 0.001) scores post cream use. EHS did not show a statistically significant difference, but a trend towards improvement was observed. Qualitative feedback included increased morning erection, improved maintenance of erection during intercourse, and reduced post work fatigue. Human stem cell-conditioned medium contains endothelial growth factors that potentially contribute to the improvement of ED and andropause by enhancing corporal endothelial function. Future studies should include control groups to further investigate the efficacy of these treatments.
文摘The present study consists of verifying the relation between life events mid intimacy and relational satisfaction in men from 40 years of age. The sample consisted of 70 males aged 40 years or older （M= 51.6, SD = 8.1）. In order to obtain the results, all the described life events were analyzed and the intimacy and relational satisfaction questionnaire, ＂Revised Dyadic Adjustment Scale＂ （RDAS） was used. It was confirmed that there were significant differences in intimacy and relational satisfaction, comparing the subjects who pointed out very positive life events with the subjects who pointed out very negative life events. Regarding to the first group, there was a greater degree of satisfaction with intimacy, a greater agreement between the couple, a higher participation in joint activities and few disagreements within the relationship. However, the duration of the relationship and partner age are higher in the second group. It was also verified that subjects between 40 and 50 years old presented a higher degree of satisfaction with intimacy, comparing with subjects between 51 and 79 years, although the latter had longer relationships and that partner age was older.
文摘Aim： To evaluate the testosterone mimetic properties of icariin. Methods： Forty-eight healthy male Sprague-Dawley rats at the age of 15 months were randomly divided into four groups with 12 rats each： the control group （C）, the model group （M）, the icariin group （ICA） and the testosterone group （T）. The reproductive system was damaged by cyclophosphamide （intraperitoneal injection, 20 mg/kg·day） for 5 consecutive days for groups M, ICA and T, at the sixth day, ICA （gastric gavage, 200 mg/kg·day） for the ICA group and sterandryl （subcutaneous injection, 5 rag/rat.day） for the T group for 7 consecutive days, respectively. The levels of serum testosterone, luteinizing hormone （LH）, follicle stimulating hormone （FSH）, serum bone Gla-protein （BGP） and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase activity in serum （StrACP） were determined. The histological changes of the testis and the penis were observed by microscope with hematoxylin-eosin （HE） staining and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase biotin-dUTP-X nick end labeling （TUNEL）, respectively. Results： （1） Icariin improved the condition of reproductive organs and increased the circulating levels of testosterone. （2） Icariin treatment also improved the steady-state serum BGP and might have promoted bone formation. At the same time, it decreased the serum levels of StrACP and might have reduced the bone resorption. （3） Icarrin suppressed the extent of apoptosis of penile cavernosal smooth muscle cells. Conclusion： Icariin has testosterone mimetic properties and has therapeutic potential in the management of hypoandrogenism.
