“Upholding Virtue and Exercising Caution in Punishment”(Ming De Shen Fa in Chinese pinyin)is one of the core governance philosophies in ancient Chinese politics.This principle was explicitly proposed by Zhou Gongdan...“Upholding Virtue and Exercising Caution in Punishment”(Ming De Shen Fa in Chinese pinyin)is one of the core governance philosophies in ancient Chinese politics.This principle was explicitly proposed by Zhou Gongdan,a renowned statesman of the early Zhou Dynasty,though its intellectual roots can be traced back to the Yao and Shun periods.Although this principle might not be fully recognized by the rulers of the exploiting class throughout history due to their own limitations,the political ideas and rich connotations behind it,especially as a mature governance concept formed by ancient Chinese politicians more than 4,000 years ago,undoubtedly is of high academic value and theoretical and practical significance.Objectively,this principle has also had a profound impact on the political and legal thinking,moral values,and promotion of social legal civilization in later generations.The analysis and discussion around this concept will play a positive role in the in-depth study of ancient China’s human rights concepts and the construction of contemporary Chinese discourse system of human rights.This article attempts to provide a preliminary summary,collation,analysis,and research from the perspective of political philosophy on the basic meaning,ideological context,and historical origin of social understanding of this concept,especially the human rights ideas contained therein.展开更多
The emergence of Zhang Heng's seismoscope has a profound historical background. This paper intends to explore the formation and material basis of Zhang Heng's scientific thought. It appears that the simple int...The emergence of Zhang Heng's seismoscope has a profound historical background. This paper intends to explore the formation and material basis of Zhang Heng's scientific thought. It appears that the simple intention of "observing visions and distinguishing good fortune or misfortune"was his motivation to develop the seismoscope. Tracing its historical background,the authors proposed in this paper that the development of this seismoscope started around 128 A. D., and based on perceptual knowledge, two ideas about earthquakes came into being,i. e.,earthquake location could be judged according to the instrument shaking direction, and the earthquake and earth split were essentially different. In the instrument manufacture,Zhang Heng advocated a principle of "making utensils to imitate cosmos". By this principle,the following three problems were readily solved: the seismoscope imitated the response of the suspension system to earthquakes( i. e. natural seismoscope). Technically,the trigger mechanism of the latch was used for reference,and it recorded the physical evidence of earthquake occurrence by an ingenious way of a ball dropping from a dragon's mouth. The solution of these three key problems lead to the emergence of the seismoscope in 132 A. D. and the successful detection of an earthquake in 134 A. D. His invention deepened humanity's knowledge of natural laws, and promoted the development of science and technology in that time and later.展开更多
文摘“Upholding Virtue and Exercising Caution in Punishment”(Ming De Shen Fa in Chinese pinyin)is one of the core governance philosophies in ancient Chinese politics.This principle was explicitly proposed by Zhou Gongdan,a renowned statesman of the early Zhou Dynasty,though its intellectual roots can be traced back to the Yao and Shun periods.Although this principle might not be fully recognized by the rulers of the exploiting class throughout history due to their own limitations,the political ideas and rich connotations behind it,especially as a mature governance concept formed by ancient Chinese politicians more than 4,000 years ago,undoubtedly is of high academic value and theoretical and practical significance.Objectively,this principle has also had a profound impact on the political and legal thinking,moral values,and promotion of social legal civilization in later generations.The analysis and discussion around this concept will play a positive role in the in-depth study of ancient China’s human rights concepts and the construction of contemporary Chinese discourse system of human rights.This article attempts to provide a preliminary summary,collation,analysis,and research from the perspective of political philosophy on the basic meaning,ideological context,and historical origin of social understanding of this concept,especially the human rights ideas contained therein.
基金sponsored by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(40644019)the Special Found of Scientific Research Program for "The Optimization and Design for Reconstruction Models of Seismoscope",China Earthquake Administration
文摘The emergence of Zhang Heng's seismoscope has a profound historical background. This paper intends to explore the formation and material basis of Zhang Heng's scientific thought. It appears that the simple intention of "observing visions and distinguishing good fortune or misfortune"was his motivation to develop the seismoscope. Tracing its historical background,the authors proposed in this paper that the development of this seismoscope started around 128 A. D., and based on perceptual knowledge, two ideas about earthquakes came into being,i. e.,earthquake location could be judged according to the instrument shaking direction, and the earthquake and earth split were essentially different. In the instrument manufacture,Zhang Heng advocated a principle of "making utensils to imitate cosmos". By this principle,the following three problems were readily solved: the seismoscope imitated the response of the suspension system to earthquakes( i. e. natural seismoscope). Technically,the trigger mechanism of the latch was used for reference,and it recorded the physical evidence of earthquake occurrence by an ingenious way of a ball dropping from a dragon's mouth. The solution of these three key problems lead to the emergence of the seismoscope in 132 A. D. and the successful detection of an earthquake in 134 A. D. His invention deepened humanity's knowledge of natural laws, and promoted the development of science and technology in that time and later.
