Formamidinium lead iodide(FAPbI_(3))perovskite exhibits an impressive X-ray absorption coefficient and a large carrier mobility-lifetime product(μτ),making it as a highly promising candidate for X-ray detection appl...Formamidinium lead iodide(FAPbI_(3))perovskite exhibits an impressive X-ray absorption coefficient and a large carrier mobility-lifetime product(μτ),making it as a highly promising candidate for X-ray detection application.However,the presence of larger FA^(+)cation induces to an expansion of the Pb-I octahedral framework,which unfortunately affects both the stability and charge carrier mobility of the corresponding devices.To address this challenge,we develop a novel low-dimensional(HtrzT)PbI_(3) perovskite featuring a conjugated organic cation(1H-1,2,4-Triazole-3-thiol,HtrzT^(+))which matches well with theα-FAPbI_(3) lattices in two-dimensional plane.Benefiting from the matched lattice between(HtrzT)PbI_(3) andα-FAPbI_(3),the anchored lattice enhances the Pb-I bond strength and effectively mitigates the inherent tensile strain of theα-FAPbI_(3) crystal lattice.The X-ray detector based on(HtrzT)PbI_(3)(1.0)/FAPbI_(3) device achieves a remarkable sensitivity up to 1.83×10^(5)μC Gy_(air)^(−1) cm^(−2),along with a low detection limit of 27.6 nGy_(air) s^(−1),attributed to the release of residual stress,and the enhancement in carrier mobility-lifetime product.Furthermore,the detector exhibits outstanding stability under X-ray irradiation with tolerating doses equivalent to nearly 1.17×10^(6) chest imaging doses.展开更多
The integration of the digital economy with the traditional sales industry has prompted the robust growth of e-commerce.Live-streaming e-commerce,as a novel business model,has gained immense popularity.However,is⁃sues...The integration of the digital economy with the traditional sales industry has prompted the robust growth of e-commerce.Live-streaming e-commerce,as a novel business model,has gained immense popularity.However,is⁃sues of regulatory loopholes and inefficacy continue to surface.In live-streaming e-commerce,the head anchor,as host of the live-streaming rooms,wields significant influence in determining the goods to be showcased and marketed.Such influence expands risks such as infringement of intellectual property rights.Yet the uncertainty in law concerning the identity of head anchors results in a lack of accountability.Current norms are inadequate in constraining the group of head anchors.Drawing on the principles of risk control,the alignment between benefit and risk,and the theory of so⁃cial cost control,this paper argues that it is both justifiable and feasible to impose a duty to exercise reasonable care on head anchors.To effectively enshrine this duty in law,it is of great importance to redefine the mechanism of identifying the duty of care of head anchors in live-streaming e-commerce.In particular,the contents of the duty of care under⁃taken by head anchors and the consequences of breaching such a duty of care should be clarified.展开更多
Beishan Rock Carvings in Chongqing,a renowned cultural heritage site in China,flourished during the Tang and Song dynasties and are often referred to as the“Stone Carving Art Museum of the Tang and Song Dynasties.”C...Beishan Rock Carvings in Chongqing,a renowned cultural heritage site in China,flourished during the Tang and Song dynasties and are often referred to as the“Stone Carving Art Museum of the Tang and Song Dynasties.”Cave 168 is a key component of the Beishan Rock Carvings.At present,several through-going cracks have developed in the roof of Cave 168,severely compromising the structural stability of the grotto.The early internal steel plate supports have suffered severe corrosion and can no longer provide effective reinforcement.In addition,the presence of steel columns obstructs visitor access and negatively affects the viewing experience.A new reinforcement method is urgently needed.Therefore,studying the deformation patterns of the structure is of critical importance.This study analyzes the stratigraphic parameters and fracture distribution of Cave 168,considering key influencing factors such as rainfall,self-weight,and the overlying Quaternary soil.On-site monitoring and physical model experiments were conducted to evaluate the changes in roof crack width and displacement before and after reinforcement with negative Poisson's ratio(NPR)anchor cables.The results reveal that the roof of Cave 168 contains several through-going cracks and numerous microcracks,which serve as infiltration channels for surface water.These accelerate the softening of the mudstone and pose a significant threat to the cave's structural safety.During the experiment,the main change in the crack exhibited a“semi-archshaped”propagation pattern.In the first ten minutes,as the rock transitioned from dry to moist conditions,a slight crack closure was observed.As rainfall continued,crack propagation accelerated.After rainfall ceased,crack width remained stable over a short period.Under NPR anchor support,the influence of rainfall on roof settlement was effectively mitigated,ensuring the safety and stability of the roof.The NPR anchors successfully limited the roof settlement to within 0.3 mm and provided effective control over both total and differential settlement.These findings offer valuable insights into the application of NPR anchor cables in the conservation of grotto heritage structures.展开更多
Nickel-rich(Ni≥90%)layered oxides materials have emerged as a promising candidate for nextgeneration high-energy-density lithium-ion batteries(LIBs).However,their widespread application is hindered by structural fati...Nickel-rich(Ni≥90%)layered oxides materials have emerged as a promising candidate for nextgeneration high-energy-density lithium-ion batteries(LIBs).However,their widespread application is hindered by structural fatigue and lattice oxygen loss.In this work,an epitaxial surface rock-salt nanolayer is successfully developed on the LiNi_(0.9)Co_(0.1)O_(2)sub-surface via heteroatom anchoring utilizing high-valence element molybdenum modification.This in-situ formed conformal buffer phase with a thickness of 1.2 nm effectively suppresses the continuous interphase side-reactions,and thus maintains the excellent structure integrity at high voltage.Furthermore,theoretical calculations indicate that the lattice oxygen reversibility in the anion framework of the optimized sample is obviously enhanced due to the higher content of O 2p states near the Fermi level than that of the pristine one.Meanwhile,the stronger Mo-O bond further reduces cell volume alteration,which improves the bulk structure stability of modified materials.Besides,the detailed charge compensation mechanism suggests that the average oxidation state of Ni is reduced,which induces more active Li+participating in the redox reactions,boosting the cell energy density.As a result,the uniquely designed cathode materials exhibit an extraordinary discharge capacity of 245.4 mAh g^(-1)at 0.1 C,remarkable rate performance of 169.3 mAh g^(-1)at 10 C at 4.5 V,and a high capacity retention of 70.5% after 1000 cycles in full cells at a high cut-off voltage of 4.4 V.This strategy provides an valuable insight into constructing distinctive heterostructure on highperformance Ni-rich layered cathodes for LIBs.展开更多
Multi-view clustering is a critical research area in computer science aimed at effectively extracting meaningful patterns from complex,high-dimensional data that single-view methods cannot capture.Traditional fuzzy cl...Multi-view clustering is a critical research area in computer science aimed at effectively extracting meaningful patterns from complex,high-dimensional data that single-view methods cannot capture.Traditional fuzzy clustering techniques,such as Fuzzy C-Means(FCM),face significant challenges in handling uncertainty and the dependencies between different views.To overcome these limitations,we introduce a new multi-view fuzzy clustering approach that integrates picture fuzzy sets with a dual-anchor graph method for multi-view data,aiming to enhance clustering accuracy and robustness,termed Multi-view Picture Fuzzy Clustering(MPFC).In particular,the picture fuzzy set theory extends the capability to represent uncertainty by modeling three membership levels:membership degrees,neutral degrees,and refusal degrees.This allows for a more flexible representation of uncertain and conflicting data than traditional fuzzy models.Meanwhile,dual-anchor graphs exploit the similarity relationships between data points and integrate information across views.This combination improves stability,scalability,and robustness when handling noisy and heterogeneous data.Experimental results on several benchmark datasets demonstrate significant improvements in clustering accuracy and efficiency,outperforming traditional methods.Specifically,the MPFC algorithm demonstrates outstanding clustering performance on a variety of datasets,attaining a Purity(PUR)score of 0.6440 and an Accuracy(ACC)score of 0.6213 for the 3 Sources dataset,underscoring its robustness and efficiency.The proposed approach significantly contributes to fields such as pattern recognition,multi-view relational data analysis,and large-scale clustering problems.Future work will focus on extending the method for semi-supervised multi-view clustering,aiming to enhance adaptability,scalability,and performance in real-world applications.展开更多
The risk of flammability is an unavoidable issue for gel polymer electrolytes(GPEs).Usually,flameretardant solvents are necessary to be used,but most of them would react with anode/cathode easily and cause serious int...The risk of flammability is an unavoidable issue for gel polymer electrolytes(GPEs).Usually,flameretardant solvents are necessary to be used,but most of them would react with anode/cathode easily and cause serious interfacial instability,which is a big challenge for design and application of nonflammable GPEs.Here,a nonflammable GPE(SGPE)is developed by in situ polymerizing trifluoroethyl methacrylate(TFMA)monomers with flame-retardant triethyl phosphate(TEP)solvents and LiTFSI–LiDFOB dual lithium salts.TEP is strongly anchored to PTFMA matrix via polarity interaction between-P=O and-CH_(2)CF_(3).It reduces free TEP molecules,which obviously mitigates interfacial reactions,and enhances flame-retardant performance of TEP surprisingly.Anchored TEP molecules are also inhibited in solvation of Li^(+),leading to anion-dominated solvation sheath,which creates inorganic-rich solid electrolyte interface/cathode electrolyte interface layers.Such coordination structure changes Li^(+)transport from sluggish vehicular to fast structural transport,raising ionic conductivity to 1.03 mS cm^(-1) and transfer number to 0.41 at 30℃.The Li|SGPE|Li cell presents highly reversible Li stripping/plating performance for over 1000 h at 0.1 mA cm^(−2),and 4.2 V LiCoO_(2)|SGPE|Li battery delivers high average specific capacity>120 mAh g^(−1) over 200 cycles.This study paves a new way to make nonflammable GPE that is compatible with Li metal anode.展开更多
As a primary slope stabilization technique,anchor support encompasses traditional engineering anchors,green anchors,and ecological restoration methods.This review synthesizes two decades of literature to evaluate thes...As a primary slope stabilization technique,anchor support encompasses traditional engineering anchors,green anchors,and ecological restoration methods.This review synthesizes two decades of literature to evaluate these approaches.Current research disproportionately focuses on engineering anchors,while green anchor systems remain less studied despite their dual advantages:reduced labor/economic costs and environmental benefits.Notably,most green anchor studies originate from low-altitude plains,with minimal attention to high-altitude cold-arid regions such as plateaus.We therefore identify slope reinforcement using green anchors in plateau environments as a critical emerging research frontier.展开更多
With the rapid development of deep resource extraction and underground space construction,the design of anchored support systems for jointed rock masses in complex stress environments faces significant challenges.This...With the rapid development of deep resource extraction and underground space construction,the design of anchored support systems for jointed rock masses in complex stress environments faces significant challenges.This study investigates the influence of prefabricated crack dip angles on the mechanical properties of anchored rock masses in deep soft rock roadways.By constructing similarity models of NPR(Negative Poisson’s Ratio)and PR(Positive Poisson’s Ratio)anchored solids,biaxial compression experiments under varying crack dip angles were conducted.Strain gauges,3D Digital Image Correlation(3D DIC),and acoustic emission monitoring were employed to systematically analyze the strength characteristics,deformation-damage evolution,and energy dissipation mechanisms of the two types of anchor systems.The results show that:(1)The stress-strain curves of anchored solids with prefabricated cracks exhibit a distinct bimodal characteristic.Compared to PR anchors,NPR anchors show 20%and 23%improvements in peak strength and elastic modulus,respectively,with residual strength enhanced by up to 34%.(2)Owing to high pre-tightening force and large deformation capacity,NPR anchors maintain superior integrity under increasing crack dip angles,demonstrating more uniform free-surface displacement and localized shear-tensile composite crack patterns.(3)Acoustic emission analysis reveals that NPR anchors exhibit higher cumulative energy absorption(300%improvement over PR anchors)and lack low-rate energy development phases,indicating enhanced ductility and impact resistance at high crack dip angles.(4)Crack dip angle critically governs failure mechanisms by modulating the connectivity between shear cracks and prefabricated fissures:bimodal effects dominate at low angles,while vertical tensile crack propagation replaces bimodal behavior at high angles.The study proposes prioritizing NPR anchor cables in deep engineering applications and optimizing support parameters based on crack dip angles to mitigate stress concentration and ensure the long-term stability of surrounding rock.展开更多
Affected by the geological characteristics of coal bearing strata in western mining areas of China,the double soft composite roof has low strength and poor integrity,which is prone to induce disasters such as large de...Affected by the geological characteristics of coal bearing strata in western mining areas of China,the double soft composite roof has low strength and poor integrity,which is prone to induce disasters such as large deformation and roof collapse.Four-point bending tests were conducted on anchored double-layer rock beams with different pre tightening force and upper/lower rock strength ratios(Ⅰ/Ⅱ)based on the digital speckle correlation method(DSCM).The research results indicate that the instability process of anchored roof can be divided into stages of elastic deformation,crack propagation,alternating fracture,and failure collapse.The proportion of crack propagation and alternating fracture processes increased with the increase of pre-tightening force and Ⅰ/Ⅱ.The pre-tightening force can suppress the sliding of the upper/lower rock interface,and delay the initiation and propagation of cracks.As Ⅰ/Ⅱ increases,the failure mode changes from tensile failure steel strip to shear failure anchor rod.Steel strip can improve the continued bearing effect of anchored roof during crack propagation and alternating fracture processes.展开更多
Urinary catheters are essential medical devices widely used for patients requiring urinary drainage,bladder irrigation,or precise urine output monitoring.Transurethral catheters with anchoring balloons are particularl...Urinary catheters are essential medical devices widely used for patients requiring urinary drainage,bladder irrigation,or precise urine output monitoring.Transurethral catheters with anchoring balloons are particularly prevalent among hospitalized patients,facilitating continuous urinary drainage.展开更多
In this paper is presented a concept solution and acceptance test application procedure of deep pit protection structure,intended for three underground levels of residential building:A,B,C,D,block 10C,Budva,Montenegro...In this paper is presented a concept solution and acceptance test application procedure of deep pit protection structure,intended for three underground levels of residential building:A,B,C,D,block 10C,Budva,Montenegro.The anchored wall used consist of nongravity cantilevered walls with three levels of ground anchors.Nongravity cantilevered walls employ continuous walls constructed in slurry trenches(i.e.,slurry(diaphragm)walls),e.g vertical elements that are drilled to depths below the finished excavation grade.For those nongravity cantilevered walls,support is provided through the shear and bending stiffness of the vertical wall elements and passive resistance from the soil below the finished excavation grade.Anchored wall support relies on these components as well as lateral resistance provided by the ground anchors to resist horizontal pressures(e.g.,earth,water,external loads)acting on the wall.Anchored wall analysed and applied is temporary supporting structure necessary for the excavation and erection of the underground structure part up to ground surface level.Temporary ground anchors lifetime is up to two years.Dynamic loads are not considered.展开更多
BACKGROUND Sleeve fracture of the patella is an unusual fracture,almost unique to children.The majority of sleeve fractures involve the inferior patellar pole.However,sleeve fractures of the superior pole of the patel...BACKGROUND Sleeve fracture of the patella is an unusual fracture,almost unique to children.The majority of sleeve fractures involve the inferior patellar pole.However,sleeve fractures of the superior pole of the patella are extremely rare in adults.CASE SUMMARY An 18-year-old male patient fell while running in the morning.The patient had tenderness to palpation at the superior pole of the patella,with a palpable gap over the upper part of the patella in both knees.We applied two 4.5-mm suture anchors with the Krackow stitch to repair the sleeve fracture,augmented by autogenous gracilis through performing the figure-of-eight technique.The patient regained approximately the full range of motion of the knee joint without any quadriceps weakness and a normal gait 6 weeks after surgery.CONCLUSION Sleeve fractures of the superior pole of the patella are extremely rare in adults,especially bilateral sleeve fractures.Suture anchors,augmented by autogenous gracilis,provided secure fixation and achieved excellent results in this rare injury.展开更多
The effect of vanadium(V)element on the microstructure and mechanical properties of anchor steel was explored by microstructural characterization and mechanical property tests of anchor steels with different V content...The effect of vanadium(V)element on the microstructure and mechanical properties of anchor steel was explored by microstructural characterization and mechanical property tests of anchor steels with different V contents.The results indicated that the trace addition of V element can generate dispersed VC nanoparticles in the anchor steel and then refine microstructure by inhibiting austenite grain growth.The increase in V content leads to the formation of a larger amount of smaller VC nanoparticles and more refined microstructure.Moreover,the increasing V content in anchor steel causes the volume fraction of ferrite to increase and that of pearlite to decrease continuously,and even leads to the formation of bainite.Accompanied by the microstructure change,the V-treated anchor steels exhibit higher strength compared with the anchor steel without V addition.However,the increased hardness difference between ferrite and pearlite results in poor coordination of deformation between them,leading to a decrease in their plasticity.The impact toughness of anchor steel first increases but then significantly decreases with the increase in V content.The improvement in impact toughness of trace V-treated anchor steel benefits from the enhancement in the band structure after hot rolling,which consumes more energy during the vertical crack propagation process.However,when the V content further increases,the hard and brittle bainite in the anchor steel can facilitate crack initiation and propagation,ultimately resulting in a reduced toughness.展开更多
The development of high-performance and cost-efficient catalysts holds great significance in facilitating oxygen reduction reaction(ORR),which is a pivotal process in next-generation energy storage devices,such as alu...The development of high-performance and cost-efficient catalysts holds great significance in facilitating oxygen reduction reaction(ORR),which is a pivotal process in next-generation energy storage devices,such as aluminum-air batteries.Transition metal sulfides have been proposed as promising non-noble metal ORR catalysts.However,achieving platinum(Pt)-comparable activity remains a challenge.Herein,a Co-doping-triggered electronic reconfiguration strategy is reported to tune the charge distribution and coordination state of ZnS nanoparticles anchored on N,S co-doped carbon(ZnS/NSC),thereby optimizing the intermediate adsorption kinetics and promoting ORR activity.The half-wave potential of 0.87 V as well as 100-h continuous durability are obtained by Co-doped ZnS/NSC in alkaline media.In addition,the solid-state aluminum-air battery is further assembled by using Co-doped ZnS/NSC as a cathode catalyst,achieving a maximum peak density of 100 mW·cm^(−2) and discharge duration over 55 h.Density functional theory(DFT)calculations reveal that high electronegative Co-doping is beneficial for the construct of charge-transfer avenue and optimization of intermediate adsorption procedure.This study presents an efficient approach for preparing metal sulfides with high catalytic activity toward ORR in flexible metal-air batteries.展开更多
The increasingly serious electromagnetic(EM)radiation and related pollution effects have gradually attracted people's attention in the information age.Hence,it's crucial to develop adaptive shielding materials...The increasingly serious electromagnetic(EM)radiation and related pollution effects have gradually attracted people's attention in the information age.Hence,it's crucial to develop adaptive shielding materials with minimum EM waves(EMW)reflection.In this paper,Ag nanoparticles loaded mesoporous carbon hollow spheres(MCHS@Ag)were synthesized by chemical reduction method,and cellulose nanofibers(CNF)/MXene/MCHS@Ag homogeneous composites were prepared.The total EM interference shielding efficiency(SET)of CNF/MXene/MCHS@Ag composite film was 32.83 dB(at 12.4 GHz),and the absorption effectiveness(SEA)was improved to 26.6 dB,which was 63.1%and 195.5%higher than that of CNF/MXene/MCHS composite film.The low dielectric property of MCHS effectively optimized the impedance matching between the composites and air.The hollow porous structure prolonged the transmission path of EMW and increased the absorption loss of the composites.At the same time,Ag nanoparticles located the MCHS were helpful to construct the internal conductive path overcoming the damage of the conductive property caused by the low dielectric of MCHS.This research adopts a straightforward method to construct a lightweight,pliable,and mesoporous composites for EMI shielding,which serves a crucial role in the current era of severe EM pollution.展开更多
The impacts of natural boulders carried by debris flows pose serious risks to the safety and reliability of structures and buildings.Natural boulders can be highly random and unpredictable.Consequently,boulder control...The impacts of natural boulders carried by debris flows pose serious risks to the safety and reliability of structures and buildings.Natural boulders can be highly random and unpredictable.Consequently,boulder control during debris flows is crucial but difficult.Herein,an eco-friendly control system featuring anchoring natural boulders(NBs)with(negative Poisson's ratio)NPR anchor cables is proposed to form an NB-NPR baffle.A series of flume experiments are conducted to verify the effect of NB-NPR baffles on controlling debris flow impact.The deployment of NB-NPR baffles substantially influences the kinematic behavior of a debris flow,primarily in the form of changes in the depositional properties and impact intensities.The results show that the NB-NPR baffle matrix successfully controls boulder mobility and exhibits positive feedback on solid particle deposition.The NB-NPR baffle group exhibits a reduction in peak impact force ranging from 29%to 79%compared to that of the control group in the basic experiment.The NPR anchor cables play a significant role in the NB-NPR baffle by demonstrating particular characteristics,including consistent resistance,large deformation,and substantial energy absorption.The NB-NPR baffle innovatively utilizes the natural boulders in a debris flow gully by converting destructive boulders into constructive boulders.Overall,this research serves as a basis for future field experiments and applications.展开更多
This study evaluates the undrained uplift capacity of open-caisson anchors embedded in anisotropic clay using Finite Element Limit Analysis(FELA)and a hybrid machine learning framework.The FELA simulations inves-tigat...This study evaluates the undrained uplift capacity of open-caisson anchors embedded in anisotropic clay using Finite Element Limit Analysis(FELA)and a hybrid machine learning framework.The FELA simulations inves-tigate the influence of the radius ratio(R/B),anisotropic ratio(re),interface roughness factor(α),and inclination angle(β).Specifically,the results reveal that increasingβsignificantly enhances Nc,especially as soil behavior approaches isotropy.Higherαimproves resistance at steeper inclinations by mobilizing greater interface shear.Nc increases with re,reflecting enhanced strength under isotropic conditions.To enhance predictive accuracy and generalization,a hybrid machine learning model was developed by integrating Extreme Gradient Boosting(XGBoost)with Genetic Algorithm(GA)and Mutation-Based Genetic Algorithm(MGA)for hyperparameter tuning.Among the models,MGA-XGBoost outperformed GA-XGBoost,achieving higher predictive accuracy(R^(2)=0.996 training,0.993 testing).Furthermore,SHAP analysis consistently identified anisotropic ratio(re)as the most influential factor in predicting uplift capacity,followed by interface roughness factor(α),inclination angle(β),and radius ratio(R/B).The proposed framework serves as a scalable decision-support tool adaptable to various soil types and foundation geometries,offering a more efficient and data-driven approach to uplift-resistant design in anisotropic cohesive soils.展开更多
Weak structural planes commonly exist in underground engineering.These planes make anchor structures more prone to failure,threatening rock stability,threatening the safety and stability of underground engineering.Opt...Weak structural planes commonly exist in underground engineering.These planes make anchor structures more prone to failure,threatening rock stability,threatening the safety and stability of underground engineering.Optical-Thermal-Acoustic(OTA)monitoring was applied during uniaxial compression tests on cross-layer anchored rock masses.The study revealed the mechanical properties,failure characteristics,and energy evolution of rock masses with different anchoring methods and bedding angles.Key findings:anchoring suppresses transverse deformation and tensile crack propagation,increasing elastic modulus and bearing capacity;anchored rock shows more intense acoustic emission but smaller infrared temperature changes;the structural plane angle controls the direction of crack extension and the evolution of the strain characteristics,and the rock is prone to instantaneous slip failure of the structural surface at 45°–75°,and the lower strength with significant IR change characteristics.Distinct OTA characteristics during rupture validate the method's reliability for rockburst early warning and intensity assessment.Moreover,based on the failure characteristics of cross-layer anchored rock masses,a shear failure criterion for anchored structural planes is established.This criterion enables prediction of rock mass failure modes,analysis of bolt support resistance,reference for support design/construction in underground engineering within complex strata.展开更多
基金supports from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22375220,U2001214,22471302)the Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(2024B1515020101)Open Project Fund from State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies(OEMT-2024-KF-08).
文摘Formamidinium lead iodide(FAPbI_(3))perovskite exhibits an impressive X-ray absorption coefficient and a large carrier mobility-lifetime product(μτ),making it as a highly promising candidate for X-ray detection application.However,the presence of larger FA^(+)cation induces to an expansion of the Pb-I octahedral framework,which unfortunately affects both the stability and charge carrier mobility of the corresponding devices.To address this challenge,we develop a novel low-dimensional(HtrzT)PbI_(3) perovskite featuring a conjugated organic cation(1H-1,2,4-Triazole-3-thiol,HtrzT^(+))which matches well with theα-FAPbI_(3) lattices in two-dimensional plane.Benefiting from the matched lattice between(HtrzT)PbI_(3) andα-FAPbI_(3),the anchored lattice enhances the Pb-I bond strength and effectively mitigates the inherent tensile strain of theα-FAPbI_(3) crystal lattice.The X-ray detector based on(HtrzT)PbI_(3)(1.0)/FAPbI_(3) device achieves a remarkable sensitivity up to 1.83×10^(5)μC Gy_(air)^(−1) cm^(−2),along with a low detection limit of 27.6 nGy_(air) s^(−1),attributed to the release of residual stress,and the enhancement in carrier mobility-lifetime product.Furthermore,the detector exhibits outstanding stability under X-ray irradiation with tolerating doses equivalent to nearly 1.17×10^(6) chest imaging doses.
文摘The integration of the digital economy with the traditional sales industry has prompted the robust growth of e-commerce.Live-streaming e-commerce,as a novel business model,has gained immense popularity.However,is⁃sues of regulatory loopholes and inefficacy continue to surface.In live-streaming e-commerce,the head anchor,as host of the live-streaming rooms,wields significant influence in determining the goods to be showcased and marketed.Such influence expands risks such as infringement of intellectual property rights.Yet the uncertainty in law concerning the identity of head anchors results in a lack of accountability.Current norms are inadequate in constraining the group of head anchors.Drawing on the principles of risk control,the alignment between benefit and risk,and the theory of so⁃cial cost control,this paper argues that it is both justifiable and feasible to impose a duty to exercise reasonable care on head anchors.To effectively enshrine this duty in law,it is of great importance to redefine the mechanism of identifying the duty of care of head anchors in live-streaming e-commerce.In particular,the contents of the duty of care under⁃taken by head anchors and the consequences of breaching such a duty of care should be clarified.
文摘Beishan Rock Carvings in Chongqing,a renowned cultural heritage site in China,flourished during the Tang and Song dynasties and are often referred to as the“Stone Carving Art Museum of the Tang and Song Dynasties.”Cave 168 is a key component of the Beishan Rock Carvings.At present,several through-going cracks have developed in the roof of Cave 168,severely compromising the structural stability of the grotto.The early internal steel plate supports have suffered severe corrosion and can no longer provide effective reinforcement.In addition,the presence of steel columns obstructs visitor access and negatively affects the viewing experience.A new reinforcement method is urgently needed.Therefore,studying the deformation patterns of the structure is of critical importance.This study analyzes the stratigraphic parameters and fracture distribution of Cave 168,considering key influencing factors such as rainfall,self-weight,and the overlying Quaternary soil.On-site monitoring and physical model experiments were conducted to evaluate the changes in roof crack width and displacement before and after reinforcement with negative Poisson's ratio(NPR)anchor cables.The results reveal that the roof of Cave 168 contains several through-going cracks and numerous microcracks,which serve as infiltration channels for surface water.These accelerate the softening of the mudstone and pose a significant threat to the cave's structural safety.During the experiment,the main change in the crack exhibited a“semi-archshaped”propagation pattern.In the first ten minutes,as the rock transitioned from dry to moist conditions,a slight crack closure was observed.As rainfall continued,crack propagation accelerated.After rainfall ceased,crack width remained stable over a short period.Under NPR anchor support,the influence of rainfall on roof settlement was effectively mitigated,ensuring the safety and stability of the roof.The NPR anchors successfully limited the roof settlement to within 0.3 mm and provided effective control over both total and differential settlement.These findings offer valuable insights into the application of NPR anchor cables in the conservation of grotto heritage structures.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52202228,52402298)funded by the Science Research Project of Hebei Education Department(No.BJK2022011)+3 种基金the Central Funds Guiding the Local Science and Technology Development of Hebei Province(No.236Z4404G)the Beijing Tianjin Hebei Basic Research Cooperation Special Project(No.E2024202273)the Science and Technology Correspondent Project of Tianjin(24YDTPJC00240)supported by the U.S.Department of Energy’s Office of Science,Office of Basic Energy Science,Materials Sciences and Engineering Division。
文摘Nickel-rich(Ni≥90%)layered oxides materials have emerged as a promising candidate for nextgeneration high-energy-density lithium-ion batteries(LIBs).However,their widespread application is hindered by structural fatigue and lattice oxygen loss.In this work,an epitaxial surface rock-salt nanolayer is successfully developed on the LiNi_(0.9)Co_(0.1)O_(2)sub-surface via heteroatom anchoring utilizing high-valence element molybdenum modification.This in-situ formed conformal buffer phase with a thickness of 1.2 nm effectively suppresses the continuous interphase side-reactions,and thus maintains the excellent structure integrity at high voltage.Furthermore,theoretical calculations indicate that the lattice oxygen reversibility in the anion framework of the optimized sample is obviously enhanced due to the higher content of O 2p states near the Fermi level than that of the pristine one.Meanwhile,the stronger Mo-O bond further reduces cell volume alteration,which improves the bulk structure stability of modified materials.Besides,the detailed charge compensation mechanism suggests that the average oxidation state of Ni is reduced,which induces more active Li+participating in the redox reactions,boosting the cell energy density.As a result,the uniquely designed cathode materials exhibit an extraordinary discharge capacity of 245.4 mAh g^(-1)at 0.1 C,remarkable rate performance of 169.3 mAh g^(-1)at 10 C at 4.5 V,and a high capacity retention of 70.5% after 1000 cycles in full cells at a high cut-off voltage of 4.4 V.This strategy provides an valuable insight into constructing distinctive heterostructure on highperformance Ni-rich layered cathodes for LIBs.
基金funded by the Research Project:THTETN.05/24-25,VietnamAcademy of Science and Technology.
文摘Multi-view clustering is a critical research area in computer science aimed at effectively extracting meaningful patterns from complex,high-dimensional data that single-view methods cannot capture.Traditional fuzzy clustering techniques,such as Fuzzy C-Means(FCM),face significant challenges in handling uncertainty and the dependencies between different views.To overcome these limitations,we introduce a new multi-view fuzzy clustering approach that integrates picture fuzzy sets with a dual-anchor graph method for multi-view data,aiming to enhance clustering accuracy and robustness,termed Multi-view Picture Fuzzy Clustering(MPFC).In particular,the picture fuzzy set theory extends the capability to represent uncertainty by modeling three membership levels:membership degrees,neutral degrees,and refusal degrees.This allows for a more flexible representation of uncertain and conflicting data than traditional fuzzy models.Meanwhile,dual-anchor graphs exploit the similarity relationships between data points and integrate information across views.This combination improves stability,scalability,and robustness when handling noisy and heterogeneous data.Experimental results on several benchmark datasets demonstrate significant improvements in clustering accuracy and efficiency,outperforming traditional methods.Specifically,the MPFC algorithm demonstrates outstanding clustering performance on a variety of datasets,attaining a Purity(PUR)score of 0.6440 and an Accuracy(ACC)score of 0.6213 for the 3 Sources dataset,underscoring its robustness and efficiency.The proposed approach significantly contributes to fields such as pattern recognition,multi-view relational data analysis,and large-scale clustering problems.Future work will focus on extending the method for semi-supervised multi-view clustering,aiming to enhance adaptability,scalability,and performance in real-world applications.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52172214,52272221,52171182)the Postdoctoral Innovation Project of Shandong Province(No.202102003)+2 种基金The Key Research and Development Program of Shandong Province(2021ZLGX01)the Qilu Young Scholar ProgramHPC Cloud Platform of Shandong University are also thanked.
文摘The risk of flammability is an unavoidable issue for gel polymer electrolytes(GPEs).Usually,flameretardant solvents are necessary to be used,but most of them would react with anode/cathode easily and cause serious interfacial instability,which is a big challenge for design and application of nonflammable GPEs.Here,a nonflammable GPE(SGPE)is developed by in situ polymerizing trifluoroethyl methacrylate(TFMA)monomers with flame-retardant triethyl phosphate(TEP)solvents and LiTFSI–LiDFOB dual lithium salts.TEP is strongly anchored to PTFMA matrix via polarity interaction between-P=O and-CH_(2)CF_(3).It reduces free TEP molecules,which obviously mitigates interfacial reactions,and enhances flame-retardant performance of TEP surprisingly.Anchored TEP molecules are also inhibited in solvation of Li^(+),leading to anion-dominated solvation sheath,which creates inorganic-rich solid electrolyte interface/cathode electrolyte interface layers.Such coordination structure changes Li^(+)transport from sluggish vehicular to fast structural transport,raising ionic conductivity to 1.03 mS cm^(-1) and transfer number to 0.41 at 30℃.The Li|SGPE|Li cell presents highly reversible Li stripping/plating performance for over 1000 h at 0.1 mA cm^(−2),and 4.2 V LiCoO_(2)|SGPE|Li battery delivers high average specific capacity>120 mAh g^(−1) over 200 cycles.This study paves a new way to make nonflammable GPE that is compatible with Li metal anode.
基金supported by a grant from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(42461020)the Gansu Province joint research Fund project(24JRRA799 and 24JRRA857)。
文摘As a primary slope stabilization technique,anchor support encompasses traditional engineering anchors,green anchors,and ecological restoration methods.This review synthesizes two decades of literature to evaluate these approaches.Current research disproportionately focuses on engineering anchors,while green anchor systems remain less studied despite their dual advantages:reduced labor/economic costs and environmental benefits.Notably,most green anchor studies originate from low-altitude plains,with minimal attention to high-altitude cold-arid regions such as plateaus.We therefore identify slope reinforcement using green anchors in plateau environments as a critical emerging research frontier.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.52174096 and 52304110).
文摘With the rapid development of deep resource extraction and underground space construction,the design of anchored support systems for jointed rock masses in complex stress environments faces significant challenges.This study investigates the influence of prefabricated crack dip angles on the mechanical properties of anchored rock masses in deep soft rock roadways.By constructing similarity models of NPR(Negative Poisson’s Ratio)and PR(Positive Poisson’s Ratio)anchored solids,biaxial compression experiments under varying crack dip angles were conducted.Strain gauges,3D Digital Image Correlation(3D DIC),and acoustic emission monitoring were employed to systematically analyze the strength characteristics,deformation-damage evolution,and energy dissipation mechanisms of the two types of anchor systems.The results show that:(1)The stress-strain curves of anchored solids with prefabricated cracks exhibit a distinct bimodal characteristic.Compared to PR anchors,NPR anchors show 20%and 23%improvements in peak strength and elastic modulus,respectively,with residual strength enhanced by up to 34%.(2)Owing to high pre-tightening force and large deformation capacity,NPR anchors maintain superior integrity under increasing crack dip angles,demonstrating more uniform free-surface displacement and localized shear-tensile composite crack patterns.(3)Acoustic emission analysis reveals that NPR anchors exhibit higher cumulative energy absorption(300%improvement over PR anchors)and lack low-rate energy development phases,indicating enhanced ductility and impact resistance at high crack dip angles.(4)Crack dip angle critically governs failure mechanisms by modulating the connectivity between shear cracks and prefabricated fissures:bimodal effects dominate at low angles,while vertical tensile crack propagation replaces bimodal behavior at high angles.The study proposes prioritizing NPR anchor cables in deep engineering applications and optimizing support parameters based on crack dip angles to mitigate stress concentration and ensure the long-term stability of surrounding rock.
基金Project(SDAST2024QT060)supported by the Young Talent of Lifting Engineering for Science and Technology in Shandong,ChinaProjects(52304136,52304149,52204093)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China+1 种基金Project(ZR2022ME165)supported by the Shandong Provincial Natural Science Foundation,ChinaProject(2023YD02)supported by the Key Project of Research and Development in Liaocheng,China。
文摘Affected by the geological characteristics of coal bearing strata in western mining areas of China,the double soft composite roof has low strength and poor integrity,which is prone to induce disasters such as large deformation and roof collapse.Four-point bending tests were conducted on anchored double-layer rock beams with different pre tightening force and upper/lower rock strength ratios(Ⅰ/Ⅱ)based on the digital speckle correlation method(DSCM).The research results indicate that the instability process of anchored roof can be divided into stages of elastic deformation,crack propagation,alternating fracture,and failure collapse.The proportion of crack propagation and alternating fracture processes increased with the increase of pre-tightening force and Ⅰ/Ⅱ.The pre-tightening force can suppress the sliding of the upper/lower rock interface,and delay the initiation and propagation of cracks.As Ⅰ/Ⅱ increases,the failure mode changes from tensile failure steel strip to shear failure anchor rod.Steel strip can improve the continued bearing effect of anchored roof during crack propagation and alternating fracture processes.
文摘Urinary catheters are essential medical devices widely used for patients requiring urinary drainage,bladder irrigation,or precise urine output monitoring.Transurethral catheters with anchoring balloons are particularly prevalent among hospitalized patients,facilitating continuous urinary drainage.
文摘In this paper is presented a concept solution and acceptance test application procedure of deep pit protection structure,intended for three underground levels of residential building:A,B,C,D,block 10C,Budva,Montenegro.The anchored wall used consist of nongravity cantilevered walls with three levels of ground anchors.Nongravity cantilevered walls employ continuous walls constructed in slurry trenches(i.e.,slurry(diaphragm)walls),e.g vertical elements that are drilled to depths below the finished excavation grade.For those nongravity cantilevered walls,support is provided through the shear and bending stiffness of the vertical wall elements and passive resistance from the soil below the finished excavation grade.Anchored wall support relies on these components as well as lateral resistance provided by the ground anchors to resist horizontal pressures(e.g.,earth,water,external loads)acting on the wall.Anchored wall analysed and applied is temporary supporting structure necessary for the excavation and erection of the underground structure part up to ground surface level.Temporary ground anchors lifetime is up to two years.Dynamic loads are not considered.
文摘BACKGROUND Sleeve fracture of the patella is an unusual fracture,almost unique to children.The majority of sleeve fractures involve the inferior patellar pole.However,sleeve fractures of the superior pole of the patella are extremely rare in adults.CASE SUMMARY An 18-year-old male patient fell while running in the morning.The patient had tenderness to palpation at the superior pole of the patella,with a palpable gap over the upper part of the patella in both knees.We applied two 4.5-mm suture anchors with the Krackow stitch to repair the sleeve fracture,augmented by autogenous gracilis through performing the figure-of-eight technique.The patient regained approximately the full range of motion of the knee joint without any quadriceps weakness and a normal gait 6 weeks after surgery.CONCLUSION Sleeve fractures of the superior pole of the patella are extremely rare in adults,especially bilateral sleeve fractures.Suture anchors,augmented by autogenous gracilis,provided secure fixation and achieved excellent results in this rare injury.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52101165,52031013 and 52071322).
文摘The effect of vanadium(V)element on the microstructure and mechanical properties of anchor steel was explored by microstructural characterization and mechanical property tests of anchor steels with different V contents.The results indicated that the trace addition of V element can generate dispersed VC nanoparticles in the anchor steel and then refine microstructure by inhibiting austenite grain growth.The increase in V content leads to the formation of a larger amount of smaller VC nanoparticles and more refined microstructure.Moreover,the increasing V content in anchor steel causes the volume fraction of ferrite to increase and that of pearlite to decrease continuously,and even leads to the formation of bainite.Accompanied by the microstructure change,the V-treated anchor steels exhibit higher strength compared with the anchor steel without V addition.However,the increased hardness difference between ferrite and pearlite results in poor coordination of deformation between them,leading to a decrease in their plasticity.The impact toughness of anchor steel first increases but then significantly decreases with the increase in V content.The improvement in impact toughness of trace V-treated anchor steel benefits from the enhancement in the band structure after hot rolling,which consumes more energy during the vertical crack propagation process.However,when the V content further increases,the hard and brittle bainite in the anchor steel can facilitate crack initiation and propagation,ultimately resulting in a reduced toughness.
基金financially sponsored by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52302039 and 52301043)Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(No.2022A1515110676)+2 种基金Shenzhen Science and Technology Program(Nos.JCYJ20220531095404009,RCBS20221008093057027 and GXWD20231129113217001)the Postdoctoral Research Startup Expenses of Shenzhen(No.NA25501001)Shenzhen Introduce High-level Talents and Scientific Research Startup Founds(No.NA11409005).
文摘The development of high-performance and cost-efficient catalysts holds great significance in facilitating oxygen reduction reaction(ORR),which is a pivotal process in next-generation energy storage devices,such as aluminum-air batteries.Transition metal sulfides have been proposed as promising non-noble metal ORR catalysts.However,achieving platinum(Pt)-comparable activity remains a challenge.Herein,a Co-doping-triggered electronic reconfiguration strategy is reported to tune the charge distribution and coordination state of ZnS nanoparticles anchored on N,S co-doped carbon(ZnS/NSC),thereby optimizing the intermediate adsorption kinetics and promoting ORR activity.The half-wave potential of 0.87 V as well as 100-h continuous durability are obtained by Co-doped ZnS/NSC in alkaline media.In addition,the solid-state aluminum-air battery is further assembled by using Co-doped ZnS/NSC as a cathode catalyst,achieving a maximum peak density of 100 mW·cm^(−2) and discharge duration over 55 h.Density functional theory(DFT)calculations reveal that high electronegative Co-doping is beneficial for the construct of charge-transfer avenue and optimization of intermediate adsorption procedure.This study presents an efficient approach for preparing metal sulfides with high catalytic activity toward ORR in flexible metal-air batteries.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(grant no.52273044,52373092)the Opening Project of State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering(Sichuan University)(grant no.sklpme2023-3-4)+1 种基金the Key Research Program of Zhejiang Province(grant no.2023C01101,2023C01210,2022C01049,2022C01205)the Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province(grant no.LY20E030008).
文摘The increasingly serious electromagnetic(EM)radiation and related pollution effects have gradually attracted people's attention in the information age.Hence,it's crucial to develop adaptive shielding materials with minimum EM waves(EMW)reflection.In this paper,Ag nanoparticles loaded mesoporous carbon hollow spheres(MCHS@Ag)were synthesized by chemical reduction method,and cellulose nanofibers(CNF)/MXene/MCHS@Ag homogeneous composites were prepared.The total EM interference shielding efficiency(SET)of CNF/MXene/MCHS@Ag composite film was 32.83 dB(at 12.4 GHz),and the absorption effectiveness(SEA)was improved to 26.6 dB,which was 63.1%and 195.5%higher than that of CNF/MXene/MCHS composite film.The low dielectric property of MCHS effectively optimized the impedance matching between the composites and air.The hollow porous structure prolonged the transmission path of EMW and increased the absorption loss of the composites.At the same time,Ag nanoparticles located the MCHS were helpful to construct the internal conductive path overcoming the damage of the conductive property caused by the low dielectric of MCHS.This research adopts a straightforward method to construct a lightweight,pliable,and mesoporous composites for EMI shielding,which serves a crucial role in the current era of severe EM pollution.
基金financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.41941018).
文摘The impacts of natural boulders carried by debris flows pose serious risks to the safety and reliability of structures and buildings.Natural boulders can be highly random and unpredictable.Consequently,boulder control during debris flows is crucial but difficult.Herein,an eco-friendly control system featuring anchoring natural boulders(NBs)with(negative Poisson's ratio)NPR anchor cables is proposed to form an NB-NPR baffle.A series of flume experiments are conducted to verify the effect of NB-NPR baffles on controlling debris flow impact.The deployment of NB-NPR baffles substantially influences the kinematic behavior of a debris flow,primarily in the form of changes in the depositional properties and impact intensities.The results show that the NB-NPR baffle matrix successfully controls boulder mobility and exhibits positive feedback on solid particle deposition.The NB-NPR baffle group exhibits a reduction in peak impact force ranging from 29%to 79%compared to that of the control group in the basic experiment.The NPR anchor cables play a significant role in the NB-NPR baffle by demonstrating particular characteristics,including consistent resistance,large deformation,and substantial energy absorption.The NB-NPR baffle innovatively utilizes the natural boulders in a debris flow gully by converting destructive boulders into constructive boulders.Overall,this research serves as a basis for future field experiments and applications.
文摘This study evaluates the undrained uplift capacity of open-caisson anchors embedded in anisotropic clay using Finite Element Limit Analysis(FELA)and a hybrid machine learning framework.The FELA simulations inves-tigate the influence of the radius ratio(R/B),anisotropic ratio(re),interface roughness factor(α),and inclination angle(β).Specifically,the results reveal that increasingβsignificantly enhances Nc,especially as soil behavior approaches isotropy.Higherαimproves resistance at steeper inclinations by mobilizing greater interface shear.Nc increases with re,reflecting enhanced strength under isotropic conditions.To enhance predictive accuracy and generalization,a hybrid machine learning model was developed by integrating Extreme Gradient Boosting(XGBoost)with Genetic Algorithm(GA)and Mutation-Based Genetic Algorithm(MGA)for hyperparameter tuning.Among the models,MGA-XGBoost outperformed GA-XGBoost,achieving higher predictive accuracy(R^(2)=0.996 training,0.993 testing).Furthermore,SHAP analysis consistently identified anisotropic ratio(re)as the most influential factor in predicting uplift capacity,followed by interface roughness factor(α),inclination angle(β),and radius ratio(R/B).The proposed framework serves as a scalable decision-support tool adaptable to various soil types and foundation geometries,offering a more efficient and data-driven approach to uplift-resistant design in anisotropic cohesive soils.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52174081)the National Key Scientific Instruments and Equipment Development Projects of China(No.52227901)。
文摘Weak structural planes commonly exist in underground engineering.These planes make anchor structures more prone to failure,threatening rock stability,threatening the safety and stability of underground engineering.Optical-Thermal-Acoustic(OTA)monitoring was applied during uniaxial compression tests on cross-layer anchored rock masses.The study revealed the mechanical properties,failure characteristics,and energy evolution of rock masses with different anchoring methods and bedding angles.Key findings:anchoring suppresses transverse deformation and tensile crack propagation,increasing elastic modulus and bearing capacity;anchored rock shows more intense acoustic emission but smaller infrared temperature changes;the structural plane angle controls the direction of crack extension and the evolution of the strain characteristics,and the rock is prone to instantaneous slip failure of the structural surface at 45°–75°,and the lower strength with significant IR change characteristics.Distinct OTA characteristics during rupture validate the method's reliability for rockburst early warning and intensity assessment.Moreover,based on the failure characteristics of cross-layer anchored rock masses,a shear failure criterion for anchored structural planes is established.This criterion enables prediction of rock mass failure modes,analysis of bolt support resistance,reference for support design/construction in underground engineering within complex strata.
