Objective To facilitate the quality evaluation suitable for the unique characteristics of Chinese materia medica(CMM)by developing and implementing a novel approach known as the matching frequency statistical moment(M...Objective To facilitate the quality evaluation suitable for the unique characteristics of Chinese materia medica(CMM)by developing and implementing a novel approach known as the matching frequency statistical moment(MFSM)method.Methods This study established the MFSM method.To demonstrate its effectiveness,we applied this novel approach to analyze Danxi Granules(丹膝颗粒,DXG)and its constituent herbal materials.To begin with,the ultra-performance liquid chromatography(UPLC)was applied to obtain the chromatographic fingerprints of DXG and its constituent herbal materi-als.Next,the MFSM was leveraged to compress and integrate them into a new fingerprint with fewer analytical units.Then,we characterized the properties and variability of both the original and integrated fingerprints by calculating total quantum statistical moment(TQSM)parameters,information entropy and information amount,along with their relative standard deviation(RSD).Finally,we compared the TQSM parameters,information entropy and infor-mation amount,and their RSD between the traditional and novel fingerprints to validate the new analytical method.Results The chromatographic peaks of DXG and its 12 raw herbal materials were divided and integrated into peak families by the MFSM method.Before integration,the ranges of the peak number,three TQSM parameters,information entropy and information amount for each peak or peak family of UPLC fingerprints of DXG and its 12 raw herbal materials were 95.07−209.73,9390−183064μv·s,5.928−21.33 min,22.62−106.69 min^(2),4.230−6.539,and 50530−974186μv·s,respectively.After integration,the ranges of these parameters were 10.00−88.00,9390−183064μv·s,5.951−22.02 min,22.27−104.73 min^(2),2.223−5.277,and 38159−807200μv·s,respectively.Correspondingly,the RSD of all the aforementioned pa-rameters before integration were 2.12%−9.15%,6.04%−49.78%,1.15%−23.10%,3.97%−25.79%,1.49%−19.86%,and 6.64%−51.20%,respectively.However,after integration,they changed to 0.00%,6.04%−49.87%,1.73%−23.02%,3.84%−26.85%,1.17%−16.54%,and 6.40%−48.59%,respectively.The results demonstrated that in the newly integrated fingerprint,the analytical units of constituent herbal materials,information entropy and information amount were significantly reduced(P<0.05),while the TQSM parameters remained unchanged(P>0.05).Additionally,the RSD of the TQSM parameters,information entropy,and information amount didn’t show significant difference before and after integration(P>0.05),but the RSD of the number and area of the integrated analytical units significantly decreased(P<0.05).Conclusion The MFSM method could reduce the analytical units of constituent herbal mate-rials while maintain the properties and variability from their original fingerprint.Thus,it could serve as a feasible and reliable tool to reduce difficulties in analyzing multi-compo-nents within CMMs and facilitating the evaluation of their quality.展开更多
A new method to predict the ultimate strength of fiber reinforced composites under arbitrary load condition is introduced. The micromechanics strength theory is used to perform the final failure prediction of composit...A new method to predict the ultimate strength of fiber reinforced composites under arbitrary load condition is introduced. The micromechanics strength theory is used to perform the final failure prediction of composite laminates. The theory is based on unit cell analytic model which can provide the ply composite material properties by only using the constituent fiber and matrix properties and the laminate geometric parameters without knowing any experimental information of the laminates. To show that this method is suitable for predicting the strength of composite laminates, the micromechanics strength theory is ranked by comparing it with all the micro-level and the best two macro-level theories chosen from the World Wide Failure Exercise. The results show that this method can be used for predicting strength of any composite laminates and provide a direct reference for composite optimum design.展开更多
In this paper, some properties of solutions of linear differential equations f^（k）＋A（z）f = 0 and f（k）＋ A（z）f = F（z） are discussed. Our results are a generalization of the original results.
The paper attempts to make a preliminary exploration on the analytic framework of multi-generic phenomenon. Three strata have been identified in a multi-generic analytical framework and basic analytic unit for each st...The paper attempts to make a preliminary exploration on the analytic framework of multi-generic phenomenon. Three strata have been identified in a multi-generic analytical framework and basic analytic unit for each stratum has been well-established. Textual structure is identified as the basic analytic unit for texts, generic structural potential for member genres and schematic structure for multi-generic integration. Each basic analytic unit is responsible for generating the corresponding concrete form of representation.展开更多
基金Natural Science Foundation of Hunan province(2022JJ30453 and 2024JJ6362)the Key Research and Development Program of Hunan Province(2022SK2014).
文摘Objective To facilitate the quality evaluation suitable for the unique characteristics of Chinese materia medica(CMM)by developing and implementing a novel approach known as the matching frequency statistical moment(MFSM)method.Methods This study established the MFSM method.To demonstrate its effectiveness,we applied this novel approach to analyze Danxi Granules(丹膝颗粒,DXG)and its constituent herbal materials.To begin with,the ultra-performance liquid chromatography(UPLC)was applied to obtain the chromatographic fingerprints of DXG and its constituent herbal materi-als.Next,the MFSM was leveraged to compress and integrate them into a new fingerprint with fewer analytical units.Then,we characterized the properties and variability of both the original and integrated fingerprints by calculating total quantum statistical moment(TQSM)parameters,information entropy and information amount,along with their relative standard deviation(RSD).Finally,we compared the TQSM parameters,information entropy and infor-mation amount,and their RSD between the traditional and novel fingerprints to validate the new analytical method.Results The chromatographic peaks of DXG and its 12 raw herbal materials were divided and integrated into peak families by the MFSM method.Before integration,the ranges of the peak number,three TQSM parameters,information entropy and information amount for each peak or peak family of UPLC fingerprints of DXG and its 12 raw herbal materials were 95.07−209.73,9390−183064μv·s,5.928−21.33 min,22.62−106.69 min^(2),4.230−6.539,and 50530−974186μv·s,respectively.After integration,the ranges of these parameters were 10.00−88.00,9390−183064μv·s,5.951−22.02 min,22.27−104.73 min^(2),2.223−5.277,and 38159−807200μv·s,respectively.Correspondingly,the RSD of all the aforementioned pa-rameters before integration were 2.12%−9.15%,6.04%−49.78%,1.15%−23.10%,3.97%−25.79%,1.49%−19.86%,and 6.64%−51.20%,respectively.However,after integration,they changed to 0.00%,6.04%−49.87%,1.73%−23.02%,3.84%−26.85%,1.17%−16.54%,and 6.40%−48.59%,respectively.The results demonstrated that in the newly integrated fingerprint,the analytical units of constituent herbal materials,information entropy and information amount were significantly reduced(P<0.05),while the TQSM parameters remained unchanged(P>0.05).Additionally,the RSD of the TQSM parameters,information entropy,and information amount didn’t show significant difference before and after integration(P>0.05),but the RSD of the number and area of the integrated analytical units significantly decreased(P<0.05).Conclusion The MFSM method could reduce the analytical units of constituent herbal mate-rials while maintain the properties and variability from their original fingerprint.Thus,it could serve as a feasible and reliable tool to reduce difficulties in analyzing multi-compo-nents within CMMs and facilitating the evaluation of their quality.
基金Funded in part by China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2013M541574)Hi-tech Research and Development Program of China(No.2012AA040209)
文摘A new method to predict the ultimate strength of fiber reinforced composites under arbitrary load condition is introduced. The micromechanics strength theory is used to perform the final failure prediction of composite laminates. The theory is based on unit cell analytic model which can provide the ply composite material properties by only using the constituent fiber and matrix properties and the laminate geometric parameters without knowing any experimental information of the laminates. To show that this method is suitable for predicting the strength of composite laminates, the micromechanics strength theory is ranked by comparing it with all the micro-level and the best two macro-level theories chosen from the World Wide Failure Exercise. The results show that this method can be used for predicting strength of any composite laminates and provide a direct reference for composite optimum design.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.1130123211171119)+1 种基金the Youth Science Foundation of Education Bureau of Jiangxi Province(Grant No.GJJ12207)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangxi Province(Grant No.20132BAB211009)
文摘In this paper, some properties of solutions of linear differential equations f^（k）＋A（z）f = 0 and f（k）＋ A（z）f = F（z） are discussed. Our results are a generalization of the original results.
文摘The paper attempts to make a preliminary exploration on the analytic framework of multi-generic phenomenon. Three strata have been identified in a multi-generic analytical framework and basic analytic unit for each stratum has been well-established. Textual structure is identified as the basic analytic unit for texts, generic structural potential for member genres and schematic structure for multi-generic integration. Each basic analytic unit is responsible for generating the corresponding concrete form of representation.
