Background:This study aimed to develop and validate test-based physical literacy scales(PLSs)for primary school students across different grades.Methods:Data were collected through a field survey conducted from June 1...Background:This study aimed to develop and validate test-based physical literacy scales(PLSs)for primary school students across different grades.Methods:Data were collected through a field survey conducted from June 1 to July 31,2022,involving 3,275 primary school students from four provinces in China.The questionnaires assessed four domains:physical knowledge,physical competence,physical motivation,and physical behavior.The Rasch model was employed for psychometric analysis.Results:The variance explained by measures for the PLSs was 53.1%,50.3%,and 54.7%,all exceeding the 50%threshold,confirming unidimensionality and robust internal consistency.This enabled effective differentiation among students with varying proficiency levels.The item-person map demonstrated optimal alignment between item difficulty and participant ability levels.Most items showed favorable fit statistics,with Infit mean square(MNSQ)and Outfit MNSQ values ranging between 0.5 and 1.5.Conclusions:The PLSs demonstrate validity and reliability in measuring physical literacy among Chinese primary school students across four components:physical knowledge,physical competence,physical motivation,and physical behavior.The scales measure a unidimensional construct,supporting the use of summed total scores for assessment.展开更多
Introduction:Infants have the highest incidence of meningococcal meningitis(MM)among all age groups in China.Infants receive their first and second doses of serogroup A meningococcal polysaccharide vaccine at 6 and 9 ...Introduction:Infants have the highest incidence of meningococcal meningitis(MM)among all age groups in China.Infants receive their first and second doses of serogroup A meningococcal polysaccharide vaccine at 6 and 9 months of age.Methods:We extracted data on MM cases among 0–11-month-old children reported during 2006–2023 from the National Notifiable Diseases Registry System and the National Meningococcal Disease Surveillance System and conducted an epidemiological and clinical analysis.Results:During the study period,721 infant MM cases were reported.Incidence decreased from 7.31 cases per million to 2.74 per million,while the all-age incidence declined from 1.27 cases per million to 0.06 per million.Among 210 cases with serogrouping results,five serogroups(A,B,C,W,Y)and nongroupable strains were detected.Serogroup A cases decreased from 36.36%to 1.87%during the study period,while serogroup B increased from 14.55%to 67.29%.Fever,nausea,and/or vomiting were common symptoms across all serogroups.The frequencies of petechiae and/or purpura in serogroup A(73%)and C(92%)were substantially higher than in other serogroups.Among serogroup B cases,26.42%developed petechiae and/or purpura,26.42%exhibited neck stiffness,and 13.21%had positive Kernig’s and/or Brudzinski’s signs.Conclusions:The incidence of MM in infants has significantly decreased but remains higher than incidence across all age groups.Serogroup B cases were the most common.Atypical symptoms in infant cases challenge timely diagnosis.We suggest eligible infants receive meningococcal vaccination timely,and the development of serogroup B meningococcal vaccines should be accelerated.展开更多
基金funded by the National Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars with the project number 71904205the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences(CAMS)Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences–A Strategic Study on Healthy China Development and Health system Reform(2021-I2M-1-046).
文摘Background:This study aimed to develop and validate test-based physical literacy scales(PLSs)for primary school students across different grades.Methods:Data were collected through a field survey conducted from June 1 to July 31,2022,involving 3,275 primary school students from four provinces in China.The questionnaires assessed four domains:physical knowledge,physical competence,physical motivation,and physical behavior.The Rasch model was employed for psychometric analysis.Results:The variance explained by measures for the PLSs was 53.1%,50.3%,and 54.7%,all exceeding the 50%threshold,confirming unidimensionality and robust internal consistency.This enabled effective differentiation among students with varying proficiency levels.The item-person map demonstrated optimal alignment between item difficulty and participant ability levels.Most items showed favorable fit statistics,with Infit mean square(MNSQ)and Outfit MNSQ values ranging between 0.5 and 1.5.Conclusions:The PLSs demonstrate validity and reliability in measuring physical literacy among Chinese primary school students across four components:physical knowledge,physical competence,physical motivation,and physical behavior.The scales measure a unidimensional construct,supporting the use of summed total scores for assessment.
基金Supported by Beijing Natural Science Foundation and-Haidian Original Innovation Joint Fund(L232072).
文摘Introduction:Infants have the highest incidence of meningococcal meningitis(MM)among all age groups in China.Infants receive their first and second doses of serogroup A meningococcal polysaccharide vaccine at 6 and 9 months of age.Methods:We extracted data on MM cases among 0–11-month-old children reported during 2006–2023 from the National Notifiable Diseases Registry System and the National Meningococcal Disease Surveillance System and conducted an epidemiological and clinical analysis.Results:During the study period,721 infant MM cases were reported.Incidence decreased from 7.31 cases per million to 2.74 per million,while the all-age incidence declined from 1.27 cases per million to 0.06 per million.Among 210 cases with serogrouping results,five serogroups(A,B,C,W,Y)and nongroupable strains were detected.Serogroup A cases decreased from 36.36%to 1.87%during the study period,while serogroup B increased from 14.55%to 67.29%.Fever,nausea,and/or vomiting were common symptoms across all serogroups.The frequencies of petechiae and/or purpura in serogroup A(73%)and C(92%)were substantially higher than in other serogroups.Among serogroup B cases,26.42%developed petechiae and/or purpura,26.42%exhibited neck stiffness,and 13.21%had positive Kernig’s and/or Brudzinski’s signs.Conclusions:The incidence of MM in infants has significantly decreased but remains higher than incidence across all age groups.Serogroup B cases were the most common.Atypical symptoms in infant cases challenge timely diagnosis.We suggest eligible infants receive meningococcal vaccination timely,and the development of serogroup B meningococcal vaccines should be accelerated.
