Based on the needs analysis theory, a survey on the course design of Business English at Honghe University are conducted. Business English majors' learning needs and attitudes towards course design of Business Eng...Based on the needs analysis theory, a survey on the course design of Business English at Honghe University are conducted. Business English majors' learning needs and attitudes towards course design of Business English are researched through questionnaires. Business English competences needed in workplaces and society's needs for Business English talents are investigated. After analyzing recruitment information for Business English talents collected from domestic credible websites, some suggestions on course design of business English are supplied.展开更多
With demands for applied talents dramatically increasing motivated by economic transformation and China's "Going Out " Strategy, College English reform should deepen ESP teaching, stress application of l...With demands for applied talents dramatically increasing motivated by economic transformation and China's "Going Out " Strategy, College English reform should deepen ESP teaching, stress application of language skills to academic and professionallearning, and serve for students' future development. Therefore, it is vital to explore school-based course design in ESP based onneeds analysis.展开更多
The course design of business English as an optional course to Non-English majors should be based on needs analysis.A survey is conducted in the form of a questionnaire in this paper to find out about the needs of the...The course design of business English as an optional course to Non-English majors should be based on needs analysis.A survey is conducted in the form of a questionnaire in this paper to find out about the needs of the non-English majors taking the course.Implications are provided for the future course design of business English as an optional course.展开更多
With the great impact of WTO and the business globalization, professional internationalized business people are heavily demanding, which imposes pressure and necessity on practical and effective Business English progr...With the great impact of WTO and the business globalization, professional internationalized business people are heavily demanding, which imposes pressure and necessity on practical and effective Business English program. This essay intends to design an intensive, non-assessed, inservice oral business English course for intermediate business people.展开更多
Recent years, problems of the current college English courses, such as test-oriented teaching, wasteful duplication of language skills teaching, etc., have been criticized by educators and students in China. Thus, tur...Recent years, problems of the current college English courses, such as test-oriented teaching, wasteful duplication of language skills teaching, etc., have been criticized by educators and students in China. Thus, turning skill-based English courses into content-based ESP （English for Special Purposes） courses has become a tendency at colleges and universities in China. The purpose of this paper is to analyze factors influencing the design of such courses through the means of questionnaire, individual interviews, data survey （e.g., educational plans） etc.. We found the following factors throw light on the questions relating to curriculum design of ESP courses： （1） the learners＇ learning needs; （2） the social needs （esp. labor market needs）; and （3） the academic needs from the university. The analysis serves to reveal the gap between the school system and actual social and students needs. With these factors in mind, designers of such courses can adjust goals, contents, approaches, and assessments in the practical teaching. And thus these factors would enable content-based ESP courses to reflect learners＇ needs better and lead to more effective langrage learning in college English teaching field.展开更多
Hydrated Cement Treated Crushed Rock Base （HCTCRB） is widely used as a base course in Western Australian pavements. HCTCRB has been designed and used as a basis for empirical approaches and in empirical practices. T...Hydrated Cement Treated Crushed Rock Base （HCTCRB） is widely used as a base course in Western Australian pavements. HCTCRB has been designed and used as a basis for empirical approaches and in empirical practices. These methods are not all-encompassing enough to adequately explain the behaviour of HCTCRB in the field. Recent developments in mechanistic approaches have proven more reliable in the design and analysis of pavement, making it possible to more effectively document the characteristics of HCTCRB. The aim of this study was to carry out laboratory testing to assess the mechanical characteristics of HCTCRB. Conventional triaxial tests and repeated load triaxial tests （RLT tests） were performed. Factors affecting the performance of HCTCRB, namely hydration periods and the amount of added water were also investigated. It was found that the shear strength parameters of HCTCRB were 177 kPa for cohesion （c） and 42~ for the internal friction angle （~）. The hydration period, and the water added in this investigation affected the performance of HCTCRB. However, the related trends associated with such factors could not be assessed. All HCTCRB samples showed stress-dependency behaviour. Based on the stress stages of this experiment, the resilient modulus values of HCTCRB ranged from 300 MPa to 1100 MPa. CIRCLY, a computer program based on the multi-layer elastic theory was used in the mechanistic approach to pavement design and analysis, to determine the performance of a typical pavement model using HCTCRB as a base course layer. The mechanistic pavement design parameters for HCTCRB as a base course material were then introduced. The analysis suggests that the suitable depth for HCTCRB as a base layer for WA roads is at least 185 mm for the design equivalent standard axle （ESA） of 10 million.展开更多
The paper is to conduct researches into the application of ESP course design at collage EST(English for science and technology)learners,some of which deserve following up.
English is used differently under different contexts as well as according to different learners’needs.As a result,this leads to a development of English courses for specific purposes.One area that is highlighted in E...English is used differently under different contexts as well as according to different learners’needs.As a result,this leads to a development of English courses for specific purposes.One area that is highlighted in ESP is the learners’needs analysis.展开更多
This research examines the relevance validity between CET-4 and the College English Course syllabus over the past two decades,exploring how the test manifests course syllabus objectives and how course syllabus alters ...This research examines the relevance validity between CET-4 and the College English Course syllabus over the past two decades,exploring how the test manifests course syllabus objectives and how course syllabus alters according to the test reforms.CET-4,a norm-referenced proficiency test,serves as a key tool for evaluating College English teaching effectiveness and students’language competency in alignment with national guidelines.The analysis covers major test components on writing,listening,reading,cloze,translation and speaking to examine their pedagogical and descriptive roles and finds reveal strong syllabus-test linkages,particularly in grammar,vocabulary and cultural content.The research also discusses the pedagogical implications of these changes,such as the tension between standardized test design and the need of communicative competence.Despite criticisms regarding its practical language relevance and washback effects,CET-4 remains consistent to its core purpose of assessing learning outcomes of College English Course,and the course syllabus alters along with the test.The study underscores CET-4’s and College English Course’s dual role as an academic benchmark and a societal gatekeeper while calling for a more balanced improvements to enhance practical language use.展开更多
Needs analysis as the central force of EAP has received insufficient practice,resulting in dissatisfactory pedagogy.This study proposes a framework of CEAPNA(comprehensive EAP needs analysis),and illustrates how the f...Needs analysis as the central force of EAP has received insufficient practice,resulting in dissatisfactory pedagogy.This study proposes a framework of CEAPNA(comprehensive EAP needs analysis),and illustrates how the framework helps to shape learning-centered EAP pedagogy.The CEAPNA survey covered 452 undergraduates and 83 faculty members from science and engineering departments,and was triangulated with the researchers'retrospection of seven years of pedagogical practice.Major findings in the study suggest multiple sources as a must in a comprehensive and accurate analysis of EAP learner needs.In the meantime,the specificity of learner needs addresses EAP practitioners'endeavors to specify these needs in various dimensions,so as to negotiate a satisfactory balance between language,cognition and affect in EAP pedagogy.Due to realistic constraints in specifying and balancing the needs,this paper wishes to oblige with a conceptual interpretation as well as a pedagogical retrospection.展开更多
文摘Based on the needs analysis theory, a survey on the course design of Business English at Honghe University are conducted. Business English majors' learning needs and attitudes towards course design of Business English are researched through questionnaires. Business English competences needed in workplaces and society's needs for Business English talents are investigated. After analyzing recruitment information for Business English talents collected from domestic credible websites, some suggestions on course design of business English are supplied.
文摘With demands for applied talents dramatically increasing motivated by economic transformation and China's "Going Out " Strategy, College English reform should deepen ESP teaching, stress application of language skills to academic and professionallearning, and serve for students' future development. Therefore, it is vital to explore school-based course design in ESP based onneeds analysis.
文摘The course design of business English as an optional course to Non-English majors should be based on needs analysis.A survey is conducted in the form of a questionnaire in this paper to find out about the needs of the non-English majors taking the course.Implications are provided for the future course design of business English as an optional course.
文摘With the great impact of WTO and the business globalization, professional internationalized business people are heavily demanding, which imposes pressure and necessity on practical and effective Business English program. This essay intends to design an intensive, non-assessed, inservice oral business English course for intermediate business people.
文摘Recent years, problems of the current college English courses, such as test-oriented teaching, wasteful duplication of language skills teaching, etc., have been criticized by educators and students in China. Thus, turning skill-based English courses into content-based ESP （English for Special Purposes） courses has become a tendency at colleges and universities in China. The purpose of this paper is to analyze factors influencing the design of such courses through the means of questionnaire, individual interviews, data survey （e.g., educational plans） etc.. We found the following factors throw light on the questions relating to curriculum design of ESP courses： （1） the learners＇ learning needs; （2） the social needs （esp. labor market needs）; and （3） the academic needs from the university. The analysis serves to reveal the gap between the school system and actual social and students needs. With these factors in mind, designers of such courses can adjust goals, contents, approaches, and assessments in the practical teaching. And thus these factors would enable content-based ESP courses to reflect learners＇ needs better and lead to more effective langrage learning in college English teaching field.
文摘Hydrated Cement Treated Crushed Rock Base （HCTCRB） is widely used as a base course in Western Australian pavements. HCTCRB has been designed and used as a basis for empirical approaches and in empirical practices. These methods are not all-encompassing enough to adequately explain the behaviour of HCTCRB in the field. Recent developments in mechanistic approaches have proven more reliable in the design and analysis of pavement, making it possible to more effectively document the characteristics of HCTCRB. The aim of this study was to carry out laboratory testing to assess the mechanical characteristics of HCTCRB. Conventional triaxial tests and repeated load triaxial tests （RLT tests） were performed. Factors affecting the performance of HCTCRB, namely hydration periods and the amount of added water were also investigated. It was found that the shear strength parameters of HCTCRB were 177 kPa for cohesion （c） and 42~ for the internal friction angle （~）. The hydration period, and the water added in this investigation affected the performance of HCTCRB. However, the related trends associated with such factors could not be assessed. All HCTCRB samples showed stress-dependency behaviour. Based on the stress stages of this experiment, the resilient modulus values of HCTCRB ranged from 300 MPa to 1100 MPa. CIRCLY, a computer program based on the multi-layer elastic theory was used in the mechanistic approach to pavement design and analysis, to determine the performance of a typical pavement model using HCTCRB as a base course layer. The mechanistic pavement design parameters for HCTCRB as a base course material were then introduced. The analysis suggests that the suitable depth for HCTCRB as a base layer for WA roads is at least 185 mm for the design equivalent standard axle （ESA） of 10 million.
文摘The paper is to conduct researches into the application of ESP course design at collage EST(English for science and technology)learners,some of which deserve following up.
文摘English is used differently under different contexts as well as according to different learners’needs.As a result,this leads to a development of English courses for specific purposes.One area that is highlighted in ESP is the learners’needs analysis.
文摘This research examines the relevance validity between CET-4 and the College English Course syllabus over the past two decades,exploring how the test manifests course syllabus objectives and how course syllabus alters according to the test reforms.CET-4,a norm-referenced proficiency test,serves as a key tool for evaluating College English teaching effectiveness and students’language competency in alignment with national guidelines.The analysis covers major test components on writing,listening,reading,cloze,translation and speaking to examine their pedagogical and descriptive roles and finds reveal strong syllabus-test linkages,particularly in grammar,vocabulary and cultural content.The research also discusses the pedagogical implications of these changes,such as the tension between standardized test design and the need of communicative competence.Despite criticisms regarding its practical language relevance and washback effects,CET-4 remains consistent to its core purpose of assessing learning outcomes of College English Course,and the course syllabus alters along with the test.The study underscores CET-4’s and College English Course’s dual role as an academic benchmark and a societal gatekeeper while calling for a more balanced improvements to enhance practical language use.
文摘Needs analysis as the central force of EAP has received insufficient practice,resulting in dissatisfactory pedagogy.This study proposes a framework of CEAPNA(comprehensive EAP needs analysis),and illustrates how the framework helps to shape learning-centered EAP pedagogy.The CEAPNA survey covered 452 undergraduates and 83 faculty members from science and engineering departments,and was triangulated with the researchers'retrospection of seven years of pedagogical practice.Major findings in the study suggest multiple sources as a must in a comprehensive and accurate analysis of EAP learner needs.In the meantime,the specificity of learner needs addresses EAP practitioners'endeavors to specify these needs in various dimensions,so as to negotiate a satisfactory balance between language,cognition and affect in EAP pedagogy.Due to realistic constraints in specifying and balancing the needs,this paper wishes to oblige with a conceptual interpretation as well as a pedagogical retrospection.
