OBJECTIVE: To analyze the effect of needling acupoints(bilateral vs unilateral) with De Qi using data collected from 501 primary dysmenorrhea(PD) patients participating in multi-center, randomized,controlled trail.MET...OBJECTIVE: To analyze the effect of needling acupoints(bilateral vs unilateral) with De Qi using data collected from 501 primary dysmenorrhea(PD) patients participating in multi-center, randomized,controlled trail.METHODS: De Qi was defined as at least one of the feelings in soreness, numbness, fullness or heaviness at the acupoints when stimulated with needles. The 501 patients were grouped in 3 groups in terms of De Qi or not De Qi in one side(unilateral)or both sides(bilateral) of the body: bilateral De Qi group, unilateral De Qi group, and non-De Qi group. The abdominal pains were measured using visual analog scale(VAS).RESULTS: In 501 patients, 472 acquired De Qi at unilateral acupoints, 24 De Qi at bilateral acupoint,and 5 had no De Qi at any acupoint. The data of non-De Qi group was excluded as the sample was less than 5% of that in the bilateral De Qi group.There was significant difference in the VAS before and after treatment between unilateral and bilateral De Qi group(P < 0.01). After stratified by acupoints, for the patients needled at Sanyinjiao(SP 6)and Xuanzhong(GB 39), VAS scores in the bilateral De Qi group were larger than those in the unilateral De Qi group(P < 0.05).CONCLUSION: Bilateral De Qi was possibly superior to unilateral De Qi in enhancing the immediate analgesic effect of needling the acupoints, but no statistical significance was observed on the pa-tients of needling at non acupoint, which preliminarily suggested this immediate analgesic effect was perhaps along meridians.展开更多
A micro-extended-analog-computer （uEAC） is developed on the basis of Rubel＇ s extended analog computer（EAC） model. Through the uEAC mathematical model, the resistance properties of the conductive sheet, several f...A micro-extended-analog-computer （uEAC） is developed on the basis of Rubel＇ s extended analog computer（EAC） model. Through the uEAC mathematical model, the resistance properties of the conductive sheet, several feedback uEAC models, and a more flexible uEAC cell structure with a multi-level hierarchy are discussed. Futhermore, for the dynamic uEAC array with a linear Lukasiewicz function, a nonlinear differential equation description is presented, and then a sufficient global asymptotic stability condition is derived by utilizing a Lyapunov function and a Lipchitz function. Finally, comparative simulations for a cam servo mechanism system are conducted to verify the capability of the uEAC array as an adaptive controller.展开更多
In this paper, the output tracking control is investigated for a class of nonlinear systems when only output is available for feedback. Based on the multivariable analog of circle criterion, an observer is first intro...In this paper, the output tracking control is investigated for a class of nonlinear systems when only output is available for feedback. Based on the multivariable analog of circle criterion, an observer is first introduced. Then, the observer-based output tracking controller is constructively designed by using the integral backstepping approach together with completing square. It is shown that, under relatively mild conditions, all the closed-loop signals are uniformly bounded. Meanwhile the system output asymptotically tracks the desired output. A simulation example is given to illustrate the effectiveness of the theoretical results.展开更多
The design and realization of a videoconference system based on international recommendation are introduced in this paper, and the hardware implementation of video codec based on ITU-T H. 261 is briefly discussed. Fur...The design and realization of a videoconference system based on international recommendation are introduced in this paper, and the hardware implementation of video codec based on ITU-T H. 261 is briefly discussed. Furthermore, the buffer control method and the adaptive control strategy for quantization are proposed, which are adaptive and robust. This system can be operated under the transmission rate ranging from 128kb/s to 2Mb/s. With these strategies for the videoconference system, the high quality image is obtained. The time delay of the system is about half a second.展开更多
In this paper, a new current-controlled-power technique for small signal applications is presented. The proposed technique needs no passive devices (a resistor and a capacitor) but the well-known SCR technique needs, ...In this paper, a new current-controlled-power technique for small signal applications is presented. The proposed technique needs no passive devices (a resistor and a capacitor) but the well-known SCR technique needs, thus the proposed technique is very suitable for an IC process. An example application as a new current-controlled-power CMOS fullwave rectifier is also given. The example application is simulated by using the SPICE program. Simulation results show that the proposed technique can work well;the controlled-current from 0 μA to 5.5 μA produces the peak area amplitude from 100 mV to 0 mV to the load.展开更多
This research paper contains a new electronically tunable current-mode biquadratic universal filter using a new active building block;current controlled differential difference current conveyor transconductance amplif...This research paper contains a new electronically tunable current-mode biquadratic universal filter using a new active building block;current controlled differential difference current conveyor transconductance amplifier (CCDDCCTA). The proposed filter provides the following important and desirable features: (i) One can use only one CCDDCCTA and two capacitors;(ii) One can get low pass (LP), band pass (BP), high pass (HP), notch (NF) and all pass (AP) current responses from the same configuration without any alteration;(iii) Passive components are grounded, which ease the integrated circuit implementation;(iv) Responses are electronically tunable;and (v) Sensitivity is low. Moreover, the non-ideality analysis shows that the parasitic passive components can be compensated for the proposed circuit. The functionality of the design is verified through SPICE simulations using 0.25 μm CMOS TSMC technology process parameters. Simulation result agrees well with the theoretical analysis.展开更多
In previous studies, an isosceles triangular-type possibility distribution was employed to represent the analog waves of a Gaussian Process. The model was then projected onto actual waves using Zadeh’s extension prin...In previous studies, an isosceles triangular-type possibility distribution was employed to represent the analog waves of a Gaussian Process. The model was then projected onto actual waves using Zadeh’s extension principle of mapping (Hori et al., 2019). Furthermore, by applying Vague Set and Systems theory, it was shown that the actual waves followed a Gaussian process, and that the system could be efficiently controlled via Monte Carlo simulation. However, due to the use of fuzzy OR logic in the extension principle of mapping and wave synthesis, the resulting ambiguity increased significantly. To address this issue, a Possibility Markov Chain was proposed, incorporating possibility theory to mitigate the explosion of ambiguity. In this study, we propose a novel modeling approach that utilizes a possibility transition matrix without relying on fuzzy OR logic. Additionally, we introduce the Sea-Control Algorithm, which artificially introduces system error into the system function, thereby enabling modification of the possibility transition matrix through the deliberate manipulation of possibility information within the fuzzy system.展开更多
Two simple voltage-controlled-oscillators (VCO) with linear tuning laws employing only a single current feedback operational amplifier (CFOA) in conjunction with two analog multipliers (AM) have been highlighted. The ...Two simple voltage-controlled-oscillators (VCO) with linear tuning laws employing only a single current feedback operational amplifier (CFOA) in conjunction with two analog multipliers (AM) have been highlighted. The workability of the presented VCOs has been demonstrated by experimental results based upon AD844 type CFOAs and AD534 type AMs.展开更多
目的:干针治疗被广泛应用于各种肌筋膜疼痛综合征,该文旨在系统评价干针治疗膝关节疾病的临床效果。方法:检索PubMed、EBSCO、ScienceDirect、Web of Science、CINAHL、Cochrane Library、中国知网等数据库中发表的文献,选取随机对照试...目的:干针治疗被广泛应用于各种肌筋膜疼痛综合征,该文旨在系统评价干针治疗膝关节疾病的临床效果。方法:检索PubMed、EBSCO、ScienceDirect、Web of Science、CINAHL、Cochrane Library、中国知网等数据库中发表的文献,选取随机对照试验且使用干针作为主要治疗手段,并纳入诊断为膝关节疾病的患者。由2位评估人独立筛选文章,对方法学质量进行评分,并提取数据。主要指标有目测类比评分,次要指标主要有西安大略和麦克马斯特大学骨关节炎指数(WOMAC)评分、压痛阈值、膝关节活动度和Kujala评分(膝关节功能评分量表)。结果:Meta分析共纳入15项随机对照试验,涉及698例患者。Meta分析结果显示,与非干针治疗组相比,干针治疗组目测类比评分、WOMAC疼痛评分与WOMAC僵硬度评分存在明显优势(MD=-0.63,95%CI:-1.06至-0.19,P=0.005;MD=-0.74,95%CI:-1.32至-0.17,P=0.01;MD=-0.43,95%CI:-0.77至-0.09,P=0.01),WOMAC总评分、WOMAC功能评分、压痛阈值、膝关节活动度、Kujala评分没有明显优势。结论:干针可以有效治疗膝关节疼痛和僵硬度,然而在改善其他膝关节功能障碍方面的临床优势及随访效果证据不足。所以,对于一些年龄较大患有膝关节慢性疼痛或关节僵硬的患者,可以谨慎考虑使用干针治疗。展开更多
基金Supported by National Basic Research Program of China(973 Program)-the Effect of De Qi on Acupoint Specific Effect Based on Meridians and its Characteristics and Molecular Response Mechanisms(No.2012CB518506)Research on Acupoint Specificity in Regulating Uterus(No.2006CB504503)+2 种基金Research on Laws of Acupoint Effects(No.2005CB523308)National Natural Science Foundation of China Traditional Acupuncture Formula for Inducing Labor(Hegu-Sanyinjiao,LI4-SP6)Electro-acupuncture Parameter Optimization and Molecular Response Mechanisms(No.30973793)the Doctoral Program of Higher Education of Ministry Education of China-Research Based on Primary Dysmenorrhea on Electric Characteristics of Acupoints Which Were Different Ones on the Same Meridians or Similar Ones on the Different Meridians(No.20090013110005)
文摘OBJECTIVE: To analyze the effect of needling acupoints(bilateral vs unilateral) with De Qi using data collected from 501 primary dysmenorrhea(PD) patients participating in multi-center, randomized,controlled trail.METHODS: De Qi was defined as at least one of the feelings in soreness, numbness, fullness or heaviness at the acupoints when stimulated with needles. The 501 patients were grouped in 3 groups in terms of De Qi or not De Qi in one side(unilateral)or both sides(bilateral) of the body: bilateral De Qi group, unilateral De Qi group, and non-De Qi group. The abdominal pains were measured using visual analog scale(VAS).RESULTS: In 501 patients, 472 acquired De Qi at unilateral acupoints, 24 De Qi at bilateral acupoint,and 5 had no De Qi at any acupoint. The data of non-De Qi group was excluded as the sample was less than 5% of that in the bilateral De Qi group.There was significant difference in the VAS before and after treatment between unilateral and bilateral De Qi group(P < 0.01). After stratified by acupoints, for the patients needled at Sanyinjiao(SP 6)and Xuanzhong(GB 39), VAS scores in the bilateral De Qi group were larger than those in the unilateral De Qi group(P < 0.05).CONCLUSION: Bilateral De Qi was possibly superior to unilateral De Qi in enhancing the immediate analgesic effect of needling the acupoints, but no statistical significance was observed on the pa-tients of needling at non acupoint, which preliminarily suggested this immediate analgesic effect was perhaps along meridians.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(61433003,61273150)Beijing Higher Education Young Elite Teacher Project
文摘A micro-extended-analog-computer （uEAC） is developed on the basis of Rubel＇ s extended analog computer（EAC） model. Through the uEAC mathematical model, the resistance properties of the conductive sheet, several feedback uEAC models, and a more flexible uEAC cell structure with a multi-level hierarchy are discussed. Futhermore, for the dynamic uEAC array with a linear Lukasiewicz function, a nonlinear differential equation description is presented, and then a sufficient global asymptotic stability condition is derived by utilizing a Lyapunov function and a Lipchitz function. Finally, comparative simulations for a cam servo mechanism system are conducted to verify the capability of the uEAC array as an adaptive controller.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.60304002), and the Science and Technical Development Plan ofShandong Province(No.2004GG4204014).
文摘In this paper, the output tracking control is investigated for a class of nonlinear systems when only output is available for feedback. Based on the multivariable analog of circle criterion, an observer is first introduced. Then, the observer-based output tracking controller is constructively designed by using the integral backstepping approach together with completing square. It is shown that, under relatively mild conditions, all the closed-loop signals are uniformly bounded. Meanwhile the system output asymptotically tracks the desired output. A simulation example is given to illustrate the effectiveness of the theoretical results.
基金the High Technology Research and Development Programme of China
文摘The design and realization of a videoconference system based on international recommendation are introduced in this paper, and the hardware implementation of video codec based on ITU-T H. 261 is briefly discussed. Furthermore, the buffer control method and the adaptive control strategy for quantization are proposed, which are adaptive and robust. This system can be operated under the transmission rate ranging from 128kb/s to 2Mb/s. With these strategies for the videoconference system, the high quality image is obtained. The time delay of the system is about half a second.
文摘In this paper, a new current-controlled-power technique for small signal applications is presented. The proposed technique needs no passive devices (a resistor and a capacitor) but the well-known SCR technique needs, thus the proposed technique is very suitable for an IC process. An example application as a new current-controlled-power CMOS fullwave rectifier is also given. The example application is simulated by using the SPICE program. Simulation results show that the proposed technique can work well;the controlled-current from 0 μA to 5.5 μA produces the peak area amplitude from 100 mV to 0 mV to the load.
文摘This research paper contains a new electronically tunable current-mode biquadratic universal filter using a new active building block;current controlled differential difference current conveyor transconductance amplifier (CCDDCCTA). The proposed filter provides the following important and desirable features: (i) One can use only one CCDDCCTA and two capacitors;(ii) One can get low pass (LP), band pass (BP), high pass (HP), notch (NF) and all pass (AP) current responses from the same configuration without any alteration;(iii) Passive components are grounded, which ease the integrated circuit implementation;(iv) Responses are electronically tunable;and (v) Sensitivity is low. Moreover, the non-ideality analysis shows that the parasitic passive components can be compensated for the proposed circuit. The functionality of the design is verified through SPICE simulations using 0.25 μm CMOS TSMC technology process parameters. Simulation result agrees well with the theoretical analysis.
文摘In previous studies, an isosceles triangular-type possibility distribution was employed to represent the analog waves of a Gaussian Process. The model was then projected onto actual waves using Zadeh’s extension principle of mapping (Hori et al., 2019). Furthermore, by applying Vague Set and Systems theory, it was shown that the actual waves followed a Gaussian process, and that the system could be efficiently controlled via Monte Carlo simulation. However, due to the use of fuzzy OR logic in the extension principle of mapping and wave synthesis, the resulting ambiguity increased significantly. To address this issue, a Possibility Markov Chain was proposed, incorporating possibility theory to mitigate the explosion of ambiguity. In this study, we propose a novel modeling approach that utilizes a possibility transition matrix without relying on fuzzy OR logic. Additionally, we introduce the Sea-Control Algorithm, which artificially introduces system error into the system function, thereby enabling modification of the possibility transition matrix through the deliberate manipulation of possibility information within the fuzzy system.
文摘Two simple voltage-controlled-oscillators (VCO) with linear tuning laws employing only a single current feedback operational amplifier (CFOA) in conjunction with two analog multipliers (AM) have been highlighted. The workability of the presented VCOs has been demonstrated by experimental results based upon AD844 type CFOAs and AD534 type AMs.
文摘目的:干针治疗被广泛应用于各种肌筋膜疼痛综合征,该文旨在系统评价干针治疗膝关节疾病的临床效果。方法:检索PubMed、EBSCO、ScienceDirect、Web of Science、CINAHL、Cochrane Library、中国知网等数据库中发表的文献,选取随机对照试验且使用干针作为主要治疗手段,并纳入诊断为膝关节疾病的患者。由2位评估人独立筛选文章,对方法学质量进行评分,并提取数据。主要指标有目测类比评分,次要指标主要有西安大略和麦克马斯特大学骨关节炎指数(WOMAC)评分、压痛阈值、膝关节活动度和Kujala评分(膝关节功能评分量表)。结果:Meta分析共纳入15项随机对照试验,涉及698例患者。Meta分析结果显示,与非干针治疗组相比,干针治疗组目测类比评分、WOMAC疼痛评分与WOMAC僵硬度评分存在明显优势(MD=-0.63,95%CI:-1.06至-0.19,P=0.005;MD=-0.74,95%CI:-1.32至-0.17,P=0.01;MD=-0.43,95%CI:-0.77至-0.09,P=0.01),WOMAC总评分、WOMAC功能评分、压痛阈值、膝关节活动度、Kujala评分没有明显优势。结论:干针可以有效治疗膝关节疼痛和僵硬度,然而在改善其他膝关节功能障碍方面的临床优势及随访效果证据不足。所以,对于一些年龄较大患有膝关节慢性疼痛或关节僵硬的患者,可以谨慎考虑使用干针治疗。
