Epithermal deposits are characterized by complex low-temperature hydrothermal alterations, but the links between mineralization and superimposed alteration are obscure and require further elucidation. This study emplo...Epithermal deposits are characterized by complex low-temperature hydrothermal alterations, but the links between mineralization and superimposed alteration are obscure and require further elucidation. This study employs shortwave infrared(SWIR) spectral scalars for alteration mineral mapping and three-dimensional modeling of the Ulan Uzhur Ag polymetallic deposit, a newly discovered epithermal deposit in the Qimantagh. Alteration zoning transitions from illitemuscovite-carbonate-pyrite in the core(Zone Ⅰ), through muscovite ± illite-kaolinite-chlorite-carbonate(Zone Ⅱ), to muscovite-chlorite-biotite(Zone Ⅲ) at the periphery. The Zone Ⅰ with mineralization features long-wavelength white mica(wAlOH > 2207 nm) with a high Illite Crystallinity(IC)(mean > 2.0), suggesting a relatively high-temperature environment conducive to mineralization. Petrographic analyses with fluid inclusion and IC curve characteristics suggests that fluid boiling may be a pivotal mechanism for mineral precipitation. Furthermore, surface mapping and deep threedimensional modeling of spectral characteristics reveal a correlation between long-wavelength white mica, high IC and mineralization zones. These findings indicate that SWIR spectroscopy reveal the evolution of fluids and provide valuable guidance for future exploration efforts.展开更多
Gestational diabetes mellitus(GDM)is a metabolic disorder,recognised during 24-28 weeks of pregnancy.GDM is linked with adverse newborn outcomes such as macrosomia,premature delivery,metabolic disorder,cardiovascular,...Gestational diabetes mellitus(GDM)is a metabolic disorder,recognised during 24-28 weeks of pregnancy.GDM is linked with adverse newborn outcomes such as macrosomia,premature delivery,metabolic disorder,cardiovascular,and neurological disorders.Recent investigations have focused on the correlation of genetic factors such asβ-cell function and insulin secretary genes(transcription factor 7 like 2,potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily q member 1,adipo-nectin etc.)on maternal metabolism during gestation leading to GDM.Epigenetic alterations like DNA methylation,histone modification,and miRNA expression can influence gene expression and play a dominant role in feto-maternal meta-bolic pathways.Interactions between genes and environment,resulting in differ-ential gene expression patterns may lead to GDM.Researchers suggested that GDM women are more susceptible to insulin resistance,which alters intrauterine surroundings,resulting hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinemia.Epigenetic modi-fications in genes affecting neuroendocrine activities,and metabolism,increase the risk of obesity and type 2 diabetes in offspring.There is currently no treatment or effective preventive method for GDM,since the molecular processes of insulin resistance are not well understood.The present review was undertaken to un-derstand the pathophysiology of GDM and its effects on adverse neonatal out-comes.In addition,the study of genetic and epigenetic alterations will provide lead to researchers in the search for predictive molecular biomarkers.展开更多
BACKGROUND Skeletal muscle alterations(SMAs)are being increasingly recognized in patients with metabolic dysfunctionassociated steatotic liver disease(MASLD)and appear to be associated with deleterious outcomes in the...BACKGROUND Skeletal muscle alterations(SMAs)are being increasingly recognized in patients with metabolic dysfunctionassociated steatotic liver disease(MASLD)and appear to be associated with deleterious outcomes in these patients.However,their actual prevalence and pathophysiology remain to be elucidated.AIM To determine the prevalence of SMAs and to assess the significance of circulating myokines as biomarkers in patients with MASLD.METHODS Skeletal muscle strength and muscle mass were measured in a cross-sectional study in a cohort of 62 patients fulfilling MASLD criteria,recruited from the outpatient clinics of a tertiary level hospital.The degree of fibrosis and liver steatosis was studied using abdominal ultrasound and transitional elastography.Anthropometric and metabolic characteristics as well as serum levels of different myokines were also determined in the MASLD cohort.Statistical analysis was performed comparing results according to liver fibrosis and steatosis.RESULTS No significant differences were found in both skeletal muscle strength and skeletal muscle mass in patients with MASLD between different stages of liver fibrosis.Interestingly,serum levels of fibroblast growth factor-21(FGF21)were significantly higher in patients with MASLD with advanced hepatic fibrosis(F3-F4)than in those with lower fibrosis stages(F0-F2)(197.49±198.27 pg/mL vs 95.62±83.67 pg/mL;P=0.049).In addition,patients with MASLD with severe hepatosteatosis(S3)exhibited significantly higher serum levels of irisin(1116.87±1161.86 pg/mL)than those with lower grades(S1-S2)(385.21±375.98 pg/mL;P=0.001).CONCLUSION SMAs were uncommon in the patients with MASLD studied.Higher serum levels of irisin and FGF21 were detected in patients with advanced liver steatosis and fibrosis,respectively,with potential implications as biomarkers.展开更多
Traumatic spinal cord injury(SCI)is a devastating exogenous injury with long-lasting consequences and a leading cause of death and disability worldwide.Advances in assistive technology,rehabilitative interventions,and...Traumatic spinal cord injury(SCI)is a devastating exogenous injury with long-lasting consequences and a leading cause of death and disability worldwide.Advances in assistive technology,rehabilitative interventions,and the ability to identify and intervene in secondary conditions have significantly increased the long-term survival rate of SCI patients,with some people even living well into their seventh or eighth decade.These survival changes have led neurotrauma researchers to examine how SCI interacts with brain aging.Public health and epidemiological data showed that patients with long-term SCI can have a lower life expectancy and quality of life,along with a higher risk of comorbidities and complications.展开更多
The patterns of metal distribution and alteration zonation in magmatic-hydrothermal systems primarily focus on porphyry deposit and other closely associated types,such as skarn,epithermal and distal vein deposits(e.g....The patterns of metal distribution and alteration zonation in magmatic-hydrothermal systems primarily focus on porphyry deposit and other closely associated types,such as skarn,epithermal and distal vein deposits(e.g.,Zheng,2022;Hutchison et al.,2020;Cooke et al.,2011;Hedenquist et al.,1998).展开更多
Altered rock,often encountered in major engineering projects,can seriously affect the stability of rocks and slopes surrounding deeply buried tunnels.This study addressed the alteration mechanism,alteration degree cla...Altered rock,often encountered in major engineering projects,can seriously affect the stability of rocks and slopes surrounding deeply buried tunnels.This study addressed the alteration mechanism,alteration degree classification,and mechanical parameters of altered rock in engineering project areas using field testing,thin slice identification,X-ray diffraction,and major element testing.Results showed that the altered rock types in the areas of the Pingjiang Pumped Storage Power Station,Hunan Province,and a diversion tunnel in northern Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region include biotite granodiorite,biotite monzogranite,and cataclastic granite,and that the main alteration mechanisms are chloritization of biotite and clayization of feldspar minerals.The altered rocks were classified as slightly,moderately,or strongly altered according to their apparent characteristics,rebound value,longitudinal wave velocity,metamorphic mineral content,and porosity.The bulk density,elastic modulus,cohesion,and internal friction angle(Poisson’s ratio)of the altered rocks decreased(increased)with increase in the degree of alteration.Numerical simulations showed that in altered rock slope areas,the zone of strong rock alteration and the moderate-strong alteration contact zone exhibit locally large deformations that represent a certain hazard to engineering projects.These results provide valuable guidance and support for major projects in altered rock areas.展开更多
As one of the typical deposits in the Sichuan-Yunnan-Guizhou Pb-Zn metallogenic province,the Daliangzi Pb-Zn deposit has a close genetic relationship with the structural system of the black/fracture zone formed under ...As one of the typical deposits in the Sichuan-Yunnan-Guizhou Pb-Zn metallogenic province,the Daliangzi Pb-Zn deposit has a close genetic relationship with the structural system of the black/fracture zone formed under the action of the NWW-approximately EW strike-slip structures in the metallogenic province.The R1 black/fracture zone has a close relationship with ore forming;however,the mechanism of the rock-and ore-controlling action of the structural system remains unclear.Based on a detailed analysis of the tectonite-mineralized alteration lithofacies of the R1 black/fracture zone,the tectonite-mineralized alteration lithofacies zones can be divided into four types in succession outward from the Pb-Zn mineralization center(F_(5),F_(100),and other faults),i.e.,(1)the brecciated and stockwork-like Pb-Zn mineralization-complex breccia facies zone;(2)the stockwork-like Pb-Zn mineralization-simple breccia and cataclasite facies zone;(3)the veined pyrite-sulfide-dolomitic cataclasite facies zone;(4)the fine-veined calcite-black carbonized dolomite facies zone.With the evolution of the ore-forming fluid,the homogenization temperature decreases from Zone 1 to Zone 4;the salinity increases from Zone 1 to Zone 2 and then it decreases from Zones 3 and 4.The fluid density shows little change overall.The contents of Zn,Pb,Cu,Ga,Ge,Cd,Ag,and other metallogenic elements,Zn/Pb ratio,and CaO/MgO mole ratio decrease gradually from Zone 1 to Zone 4,and the REE fractionation,calcilization,silicification,and pyritization enhance gradually from Zone 1 to Zone 4.This series of changes is the product of diapirism(cryptoexplosion)of strike-slip structures and the black/fracture zone,among which the second-order structures derived from NWW-approximately EW-striking dextral shear-tension faults F_(1)and F_(15)control the brecciated and stockwork-like Pb-Zn mineralized complex breccia facies zones and the stockwork-like Pb-Zn mineralized simple breccia and cataclasite facies zones.Therefore,this paper establishes the zoning mode of tectonite-mineralized alteration lithofacies of the black/fracture zone and proposes that Zones 1 and 2 provide important prospecting criteria.展开更多
In the Fatira(Abu Zawal)mine area,located in the northern Eastern Desert of Egypt,fieldwork and mineralogical analysis,integrated with machine learning techniques applied to Landsat-8 OLI,ASTER,and Sentinel-2 multi-sp...In the Fatira(Abu Zawal)mine area,located in the northern Eastern Desert of Egypt,fieldwork and mineralogical analysis,integrated with machine learning techniques applied to Landsat-8 OLI,ASTER,and Sentinel-2 multi-spectral imagery(MSI)data delineate gold-sulfide mineralization in altered rocks.Gold(Au)anomalies in hydrothermal breccias and quartz veins are associated with NE-oriented felsite dykes and silicified granitic rocks.Two main alteration types are identified:a pyrite-sericite-quartz and a sulfide-chlorite-carbonate assemblage,locally with dispersed free-milling Au specks.Dimensionality reduction techniques,including principal component analysis(PCA)and independent component analysis(ICA),enabled mapping of alteration types.Sentinel-2 PC125 composite images offered efficient lithological differentiation,while supervised classifications,i.e.,the support vector machine(SVM)of Landsat-8 yielded an accuracy of 88.55%and a Kappa value of 0.86.ASTER mineral indices contributed to map hydrothermal alteration mineral phases,including sericite,muscovite,kaolinite,and iron oxides.Results indicate that post-magmatic epigenetic hydrothermal activity significantly contributed to the Au-sulfide mineralization in the Fatira area,distinguishing it from the more prevalent orogenic gold deposits in the region.展开更多
The Disuga Cu deposit,located in the eastern porphyry belt of the Zhongdian arc,southwest China,provides a window into magmatic-hydrothermal processes controlling porphyry Cu mineralization.Based on zircon U-Pb geochr...The Disuga Cu deposit,located in the eastern porphyry belt of the Zhongdian arc,southwest China,provides a window into magmatic-hydrothermal processes controlling porphyry Cu mineralization.Based on zircon U-Pb geochronology,hydrothermal mineral chemistry,short-wave infrared spectroscopy,and mass balance modeling,this study investigated the alteration zonation and element mobility in the Disuga Cu deposit.Zircon U-Pb ages of the ore-hosting quartz dioritic porphyries(222.4±3.1 and 219.3±2.4 Ma)are similar to those of Late Triassic subduction-related magmatism.High zircon-crystallization temperatures(727±26℃)and elevated oxygen fugacity(ΔFMQ+2.0)confirm these porphyries were favorable for mineralization.Hydrothermal sericite(Si=6.49 atoms per formula unit[apfu];Al^(Ⅵ)=3.39 apfu)and chlorite(Fe/(Fe+Mg)=0.59-0.63)compositions indicate an acidic reduced fluid.Three distinct hydrothermal stages were identified:(1)phyllic alteration(370℃);(2)propylitic alteration(315℃);and(3)low-temperature hydrothermal alteration(242℃).Mass balance calculations show that the Cu migration rate(155.6%/114.4%)in the propylitic/phyllic alteration zones was higher than that of Mo(14.3%;limited to the propylitic alteration zone).The alteration mineralization assemblages indicate the occurrence of deep potassic alteration zones and porphyry Cu-(Mo)mineralization in the Disuga area.展开更多
The Dabaoshan porphyry Cu deposit(420 kilotons(kt)of Cu@0.36%)is located in South China.The newly discovered Cu orebodies are hosted in the dacite porphyry adjacent to a granodiorite porphyry.The alteration and minera...The Dabaoshan porphyry Cu deposit(420 kilotons(kt)of Cu@0.36%)is located in South China.The newly discovered Cu orebodies are hosted in the dacite porphyry adjacent to a granodiorite porphyry.The alteration and mineralization timing and stages of the porphyry Cu deposit were not well-constrained.In this study,we combine field mapping,petrography,whole-rock geochemistry,hydrothermal rutile U-Pb dating and Cu isotopes to synthesize an ore model at Dabaoshan.In situ hydrothermal rutile U-Pb dating yields an age of 159±13 Ma,which brackets the timing of porphyry Cu mineralization.From top to bottom,the alteration zones in Dabaoshan are divided into quartz-sericite,biotite,chlorite-epidote,and chlorite-sericite subzones.Veins are classified into four stages(Stage 1 to 4)with Stage 4 quartz-sericite-chalcopyrite veins being the main Cu ore-bearing veins.The mineralized dacite porphyry has high SiO_(2),but low MgO,CaO,and Na_(2)O contents.The chalcopyrite hosted in veins exhibitsδ^(65)Cu=values ranging from−1.29‰to 0.51‰.Such copper isotope fractionation is attributed to vapor-brine phase separation,and mixing of fluids from different geochemical reservoirs.The timing of Cu mineralization and hydrothermal alteration support that the Jurassic granodiorite porphyry is an ore-forming intrusion at Dabaoshan.展开更多
The immunomodulatory function of estrogen within the ovary remains a subject of ongoing debate,and the neonatal ovarian immune microenvironment,particularly its modulation by estrogen,has not been comprehensively char...The immunomodulatory function of estrogen within the ovary remains a subject of ongoing debate,and the neonatal ovarian immune microenvironment,particularly its modulation by estrogen,has not been comprehensively characterized.In this study,the effects of 17β-estradiol(E_(2)),a key regulator of immune function,were investigated using single-cell transcriptomic profiling of C57BL/6J neonatal mouse ovaries after E_(2)treatment.Results revealed dynamic alterations in the proportion of immune cell types after E_(2)treatment,accompanied by changes in cytokine and chemokine expression.Detailed analyses of gene expression,cell states,and developmental trajectories across distinct cell types indicated that E_(2)treatment influenced cell differentiation and development.Notably,E_(2)treatment reduced the abundance of macrophages and promoted a phenotypic transition from M1 to M2 macrophages.These findings demonstrate that the neonatal mouse ovarian immune microenvironment is sensitive to estrogenic modulation,which governs both the distribution and functional specialization of resident immune cells,offering novel mechanistic insights into the immunomodulatory roles of estrogen across various immune cell types.展开更多
Osteoarthritis(OA)is one of the most common degenerative and age-related diseases in joints,which affects 654 million people worldwide.Current therapies could not fundamentally reverse the pathologic process of OA due...Osteoarthritis(OA)is one of the most common degenerative and age-related diseases in joints,which affects 654 million people worldwide.Current therapies could not fundamentally reverse the pathologic process of OA due to the complex pathogenesis.Although OA mechanisms have been investigated on a large scale over the past decade,the OA pathology correlated with aging-associated changes is still largely unrevealed.Therefore,in-depth analysis of the aging microenvironment and aging-related molecular mechanisms in OA may offer additional strategies for clinical prevention and treatment.In this review,we discuss the potential pathogenesis of OA in light of aging-associated changes and summarize three main components of the aging microenvironment of the OA joint:immune homeostatic imbalance,cellular senescence,and stem cell exhaustion,which could be induced by aging and further exacerbate OA progression.Additionally,it is emphasized that immune homeostatic imbalance appears before established OA,which occurs in the early stage and is the therapeutic window of opportunity for better clinical outcomes.Importantly,we evaluate recent therapeutic targets and promising interventions against these components,as well as the challenges and prospects for precise and individualized therapies of OA patients,which we believe would guide the construction of novel combined strategies targeting aging-related factors against OA for better treatments in the future.展开更多
While viral infections can disturb the host gut microbiome,the dynamic alterations in microbial composition following infection remain poorly characterized.This study identified SRV-8-infected monkeys and classified t...While viral infections can disturb the host gut microbiome,the dynamic alterations in microbial composition following infection remain poorly characterized.This study identified SRV-8-infected monkeys and classified them into five groups based on infection progression.16S rRNA amplicon sequencing revealed significant alterations in the relative and inferred absolute abundance of bacterial genera UCG-002,Agathobacter,Coprococcus,and Holdemanella during the early stage of SRV-8 infection,coinciding with provirus formation.These microbial shifts were accompanied by functional modifications in bacterial communities at the same stage.In contrast,ITS amplicon sequencing indicated no significant differences in fungal composition between healthy wild-type and SRV-8-infected monkeys.Spearman correlation analyses demonstrated close interactions between intestinal bacteria and fungi following SRV-8 infection.Additionally,SRV-8 seropositive groups exhibited significantly elevated mRNA expression levels of pro-inflammatory(TNF-α,IFN-γ,IL-1β,and IL-6)and anti-inflammatory(IL-10)cytokine genes,highlighting close associations between inflammatory cytokines and immune responses.Overall,these findings provide a comprehensive characterization of bacterial and fungal microbiota dynamics and inflammatory cytokine responses associated with SRV-8 infection,clarifying the pathobiological mechanisms underlying SRV-8 infection from the perspective of the gut microbiome.展开更多
Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease is increasingly understood to be closely linked with skeletal muscle alterations,such as sarcopenia,myoste-atosis,and metabolic dysregulation,which play a key r...Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease is increasingly understood to be closely linked with skeletal muscle alterations,such as sarcopenia,myoste-atosis,and metabolic dysregulation,which play a key role in its pathogenesis and progression.Recent literature,including an article by Isakov,highlights the bidirectional interactions between muscle and liver,underscoring shared mechanisms such as insulin resistance,inflammation,and myokine imbalance.This letter reflects on key findings from the review,noting strengths such as its integration of mechanistic insights,discussion of emerging biomarkers,and emphasis on lifestyle and pharmacological interventions.It also identifies areas for further development,including standardization of diagnostic criteria and more rigorous evaluation of translational data.As muscle health gains promi-nence in metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease research,multidisciplinary strategies that target both hepatic and muscular systems may offer more effective avenues for prevention and treatment.展开更多
Eight indica ( Oryza sativa L.) environment-sensitive genic male-sterile (EGMS) lines, 2-2S, K1405S, F131S, 2136S, Pei-Ai 64S, 1290S, GD-IS and N17S, were sequentially seeded with 10-15 d interval at three sites, Wuha...Eight indica ( Oryza sativa L.) environment-sensitive genic male-sterile (EGMS) lines, 2-2S, K1405S, F131S, 2136S, Pei-Ai 64S, 1290S, GD-IS and N17S, were sequentially seeded with 10-15 d interval at three sites, Wuhan in 1997, Guiyang in 1997 and Sanya in 1997 and 1998, China. The results of investigations on self-sterilities showed that all of eight EGMS lines had stable sterile periods of longer than 30 d at Wuhan. They can be used for seed production of two-line hybrid rice, but can not reproduce themselves. Their stable sterile periods were shorter than 30 d at Guiyang, they can reproduce themselves and can not be used for hybrid seed production. In Sanya, their stable sterile periods were longer than 150 d, all of eight lines can be used for seed production in summer and autumn and reproduce themselves in winter. The fertility of all eight lines were sensitive to temperature. The sensitive stages, sensitive duration and critical point of temperatures (CPT) of fertility alteration in various lines were different. The sensitive stages of 2-2S and K1405S were from 18 d to 9 d before heading, the sensitive durations were 7-10 d and the CPTs were 23.7-24.5 degreesC. The sensitive stage, sensitive duration and CPT of F131S were from 17 to 5 d before heading, 13 d and 24.3-24.7 degreesC, respectively. The sensitive stage, sensitive duration and CPT of 2136S were from 18 to 12 d before heading, 7 d and 24.6-25.1 degreesC:, respectively. The sensitive stages, sensitive durations of Pei-Ai 64S, 1290S, N17S and GD-1S were from 24 to 13 d before heading and 10-13 d. And their CPTs were 24.6-25.1 degreesC, 25.5-26.2 degreesC, 25.4-26.1 degreesC,, and 24.1-24.7 degreesC, respectively.展开更多
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.42372346,41802080,42030809,41873043).
文摘Epithermal deposits are characterized by complex low-temperature hydrothermal alterations, but the links between mineralization and superimposed alteration are obscure and require further elucidation. This study employs shortwave infrared(SWIR) spectral scalars for alteration mineral mapping and three-dimensional modeling of the Ulan Uzhur Ag polymetallic deposit, a newly discovered epithermal deposit in the Qimantagh. Alteration zoning transitions from illitemuscovite-carbonate-pyrite in the core(Zone Ⅰ), through muscovite ± illite-kaolinite-chlorite-carbonate(Zone Ⅱ), to muscovite-chlorite-biotite(Zone Ⅲ) at the periphery. The Zone Ⅰ with mineralization features long-wavelength white mica(wAlOH > 2207 nm) with a high Illite Crystallinity(IC)(mean > 2.0), suggesting a relatively high-temperature environment conducive to mineralization. Petrographic analyses with fluid inclusion and IC curve characteristics suggests that fluid boiling may be a pivotal mechanism for mineral precipitation. Furthermore, surface mapping and deep threedimensional modeling of spectral characteristics reveal a correlation between long-wavelength white mica, high IC and mineralization zones. These findings indicate that SWIR spectroscopy reveal the evolution of fluids and provide valuable guidance for future exploration efforts.
基金Supported by Maulana Azad National Fellowship,University Grants Commission,New Delhi,and Department of Biotechnology,New Delhi,No.AS[82-27/2019(SA III)]DBT-BUILDER-University of Lucknow Interdisciplinary Life Science Programme for Advance Research and Education(Level II),No.TG(BT/INF/22/SP47623/2022).
文摘Gestational diabetes mellitus(GDM)is a metabolic disorder,recognised during 24-28 weeks of pregnancy.GDM is linked with adverse newborn outcomes such as macrosomia,premature delivery,metabolic disorder,cardiovascular,and neurological disorders.Recent investigations have focused on the correlation of genetic factors such asβ-cell function and insulin secretary genes(transcription factor 7 like 2,potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily q member 1,adipo-nectin etc.)on maternal metabolism during gestation leading to GDM.Epigenetic alterations like DNA methylation,histone modification,and miRNA expression can influence gene expression and play a dominant role in feto-maternal meta-bolic pathways.Interactions between genes and environment,resulting in differ-ential gene expression patterns may lead to GDM.Researchers suggested that GDM women are more susceptible to insulin resistance,which alters intrauterine surroundings,resulting hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinemia.Epigenetic modi-fications in genes affecting neuroendocrine activities,and metabolism,increase the risk of obesity and type 2 diabetes in offspring.There is currently no treatment or effective preventive method for GDM,since the molecular processes of insulin resistance are not well understood.The present review was undertaken to un-derstand the pathophysiology of GDM and its effects on adverse neonatal out-comes.In addition,the study of genetic and epigenetic alterations will provide lead to researchers in the search for predictive molecular biomarkers.
文摘BACKGROUND Skeletal muscle alterations(SMAs)are being increasingly recognized in patients with metabolic dysfunctionassociated steatotic liver disease(MASLD)and appear to be associated with deleterious outcomes in these patients.However,their actual prevalence and pathophysiology remain to be elucidated.AIM To determine the prevalence of SMAs and to assess the significance of circulating myokines as biomarkers in patients with MASLD.METHODS Skeletal muscle strength and muscle mass were measured in a cross-sectional study in a cohort of 62 patients fulfilling MASLD criteria,recruited from the outpatient clinics of a tertiary level hospital.The degree of fibrosis and liver steatosis was studied using abdominal ultrasound and transitional elastography.Anthropometric and metabolic characteristics as well as serum levels of different myokines were also determined in the MASLD cohort.Statistical analysis was performed comparing results according to liver fibrosis and steatosis.RESULTS No significant differences were found in both skeletal muscle strength and skeletal muscle mass in patients with MASLD between different stages of liver fibrosis.Interestingly,serum levels of fibroblast growth factor-21(FGF21)were significantly higher in patients with MASLD with advanced hepatic fibrosis(F3-F4)than in those with lower fibrosis stages(F0-F2)(197.49±198.27 pg/mL vs 95.62±83.67 pg/mL;P=0.049).In addition,patients with MASLD with severe hepatosteatosis(S3)exhibited significantly higher serum levels of irisin(1116.87±1161.86 pg/mL)than those with lower grades(S1-S2)(385.21±375.98 pg/mL;P=0.001).CONCLUSION SMAs were uncommon in the patients with MASLD studied.Higher serum levels of irisin and FGF21 were detected in patients with advanced liver steatosis and fibrosis,respectively,with potential implications as biomarkers.
基金supported by NIH funding(RF1NS110637,2RF1NS094527,R01NS110635)to JW.
文摘Traumatic spinal cord injury(SCI)is a devastating exogenous injury with long-lasting consequences and a leading cause of death and disability worldwide.Advances in assistive technology,rehabilitative interventions,and the ability to identify and intervene in secondary conditions have significantly increased the long-term survival rate of SCI patients,with some people even living well into their seventh or eighth decade.These survival changes have led neurotrauma researchers to examine how SCI interacts with brain aging.Public health and epidemiological data showed that patients with long-term SCI can have a lower life expectancy and quality of life,along with a higher risk of comorbidities and complications.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.42122012,U2444208)the Inner Mongolia Academician Project(No.2022-TZH03)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.2652023001)。
文摘The patterns of metal distribution and alteration zonation in magmatic-hydrothermal systems primarily focus on porphyry deposit and other closely associated types,such as skarn,epithermal and distal vein deposits(e.g.,Zheng,2022;Hutchison et al.,2020;Cooke et al.,2011;Hedenquist et al.,1998).
基金the National Key Research and Development Project of China(No.2019YFC1509704)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.U1704243,41741019,41977249 and 42090052)+2 种基金the Henan Province Science and Technology Research Project(Nos.192102310006,232102320035)the Innovation Fund for Doctoral Students of North China University of Water Resources and Electric Power(No.NCWUBC202313)the Key Research Project Plan for Higher Education Institutions in Henan Province(No.24A410003).
文摘Altered rock,often encountered in major engineering projects,can seriously affect the stability of rocks and slopes surrounding deeply buried tunnels.This study addressed the alteration mechanism,alteration degree classification,and mechanical parameters of altered rock in engineering project areas using field testing,thin slice identification,X-ray diffraction,and major element testing.Results showed that the altered rock types in the areas of the Pingjiang Pumped Storage Power Station,Hunan Province,and a diversion tunnel in northern Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region include biotite granodiorite,biotite monzogranite,and cataclastic granite,and that the main alteration mechanisms are chloritization of biotite and clayization of feldspar minerals.The altered rocks were classified as slightly,moderately,or strongly altered according to their apparent characteristics,rebound value,longitudinal wave velocity,metamorphic mineral content,and porosity.The bulk density,elastic modulus,cohesion,and internal friction angle(Poisson’s ratio)of the altered rocks decreased(increased)with increase in the degree of alteration.Numerical simulations showed that in altered rock slope areas,the zone of strong rock alteration and the moderate-strong alteration contact zone exhibit locally large deformations that represent a certain hazard to engineering projects.These results provide valuable guidance and support for major projects in altered rock areas.
基金funded by the programs of the National Natural Science Foundation(Nos.42172086,41572060,U1133602)the Program of‘Yunling Scholar’of Yunnan province(2014)+1 种基金the Projects of the Yunnan Engineering Laboratory of Mineral Resources Prediction and Evaluation(YM Lab)(2010)the Innovation Team of Yunnan Province and KMUST(2008,2012).
文摘As one of the typical deposits in the Sichuan-Yunnan-Guizhou Pb-Zn metallogenic province,the Daliangzi Pb-Zn deposit has a close genetic relationship with the structural system of the black/fracture zone formed under the action of the NWW-approximately EW strike-slip structures in the metallogenic province.The R1 black/fracture zone has a close relationship with ore forming;however,the mechanism of the rock-and ore-controlling action of the structural system remains unclear.Based on a detailed analysis of the tectonite-mineralized alteration lithofacies of the R1 black/fracture zone,the tectonite-mineralized alteration lithofacies zones can be divided into four types in succession outward from the Pb-Zn mineralization center(F_(5),F_(100),and other faults),i.e.,(1)the brecciated and stockwork-like Pb-Zn mineralization-complex breccia facies zone;(2)the stockwork-like Pb-Zn mineralization-simple breccia and cataclasite facies zone;(3)the veined pyrite-sulfide-dolomitic cataclasite facies zone;(4)the fine-veined calcite-black carbonized dolomite facies zone.With the evolution of the ore-forming fluid,the homogenization temperature decreases from Zone 1 to Zone 4;the salinity increases from Zone 1 to Zone 2 and then it decreases from Zones 3 and 4.The fluid density shows little change overall.The contents of Zn,Pb,Cu,Ga,Ge,Cd,Ag,and other metallogenic elements,Zn/Pb ratio,and CaO/MgO mole ratio decrease gradually from Zone 1 to Zone 4,and the REE fractionation,calcilization,silicification,and pyritization enhance gradually from Zone 1 to Zone 4.This series of changes is the product of diapirism(cryptoexplosion)of strike-slip structures and the black/fracture zone,among which the second-order structures derived from NWW-approximately EW-striking dextral shear-tension faults F_(1)and F_(15)control the brecciated and stockwork-like Pb-Zn mineralized complex breccia facies zones and the stockwork-like Pb-Zn mineralized simple breccia and cataclasite facies zones.Therefore,this paper establishes the zoning mode of tectonite-mineralized alteration lithofacies of the black/fracture zone and proposes that Zones 1 and 2 provide important prospecting criteria.
基金the National Science Foundation of China (Grant No. NSFC: 92162213)the Geology Department Faculty of Science of Al-Azhar University (Assiut Branch)+2 种基金the China Scholarship CouncilChang'an UniversityIstanbul Technical University's Scientific Research Project (BAP Project ID: 45396, code: FHD-2024-45396)
文摘In the Fatira(Abu Zawal)mine area,located in the northern Eastern Desert of Egypt,fieldwork and mineralogical analysis,integrated with machine learning techniques applied to Landsat-8 OLI,ASTER,and Sentinel-2 multi-spectral imagery(MSI)data delineate gold-sulfide mineralization in altered rocks.Gold(Au)anomalies in hydrothermal breccias and quartz veins are associated with NE-oriented felsite dykes and silicified granitic rocks.Two main alteration types are identified:a pyrite-sericite-quartz and a sulfide-chlorite-carbonate assemblage,locally with dispersed free-milling Au specks.Dimensionality reduction techniques,including principal component analysis(PCA)and independent component analysis(ICA),enabled mapping of alteration types.Sentinel-2 PC125 composite images offered efficient lithological differentiation,while supervised classifications,i.e.,the support vector machine(SVM)of Landsat-8 yielded an accuracy of 88.55%and a Kappa value of 0.86.ASTER mineral indices contributed to map hydrothermal alteration mineral phases,including sericite,muscovite,kaolinite,and iron oxides.Results indicate that post-magmatic epigenetic hydrothermal activity significantly contributed to the Au-sulfide mineralization in the Fatira area,distinguishing it from the more prevalent orogenic gold deposits in the region.
基金granted by the Deep Earth Probe and Mineral Resource Exploration-National Science and Technology Major Project(Grant No.2024ZD1001602)a Second Tibetan Plateau Scientific Expedition and Research project(Grant No.2021QZKK0301)+1 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.42022021)the Jiangxi Provincial Youth Fund(Grant No.20224BAB213051).
文摘The Disuga Cu deposit,located in the eastern porphyry belt of the Zhongdian arc,southwest China,provides a window into magmatic-hydrothermal processes controlling porphyry Cu mineralization.Based on zircon U-Pb geochronology,hydrothermal mineral chemistry,short-wave infrared spectroscopy,and mass balance modeling,this study investigated the alteration zonation and element mobility in the Disuga Cu deposit.Zircon U-Pb ages of the ore-hosting quartz dioritic porphyries(222.4±3.1 and 219.3±2.4 Ma)are similar to those of Late Triassic subduction-related magmatism.High zircon-crystallization temperatures(727±26℃)and elevated oxygen fugacity(ΔFMQ+2.0)confirm these porphyries were favorable for mineralization.Hydrothermal sericite(Si=6.49 atoms per formula unit[apfu];Al^(Ⅵ)=3.39 apfu)and chlorite(Fe/(Fe+Mg)=0.59-0.63)compositions indicate an acidic reduced fluid.Three distinct hydrothermal stages were identified:(1)phyllic alteration(370℃);(2)propylitic alteration(315℃);and(3)low-temperature hydrothermal alteration(242℃).Mass balance calculations show that the Cu migration rate(155.6%/114.4%)in the propylitic/phyllic alteration zones was higher than that of Mo(14.3%;limited to the propylitic alteration zone).The alteration mineralization assemblages indicate the occurrence of deep potassic alteration zones and porphyry Cu-(Mo)mineralization in the Disuga area.
基金funded by the China Geological Survey(Grant Nos.DD20190379,DD20221695 and DD20221684)a collaboration program(2019-2024)between the Institute of Mineral Resources(Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences)and the Guangdong Dabaoshan Mining Co.,Ltd.
文摘The Dabaoshan porphyry Cu deposit(420 kilotons(kt)of Cu@0.36%)is located in South China.The newly discovered Cu orebodies are hosted in the dacite porphyry adjacent to a granodiorite porphyry.The alteration and mineralization timing and stages of the porphyry Cu deposit were not well-constrained.In this study,we combine field mapping,petrography,whole-rock geochemistry,hydrothermal rutile U-Pb dating and Cu isotopes to synthesize an ore model at Dabaoshan.In situ hydrothermal rutile U-Pb dating yields an age of 159±13 Ma,which brackets the timing of porphyry Cu mineralization.From top to bottom,the alteration zones in Dabaoshan are divided into quartz-sericite,biotite,chlorite-epidote,and chlorite-sericite subzones.Veins are classified into four stages(Stage 1 to 4)with Stage 4 quartz-sericite-chalcopyrite veins being the main Cu ore-bearing veins.The mineralized dacite porphyry has high SiO_(2),but low MgO,CaO,and Na_(2)O contents.The chalcopyrite hosted in veins exhibitsδ^(65)Cu=values ranging from−1.29‰to 0.51‰.Such copper isotope fractionation is attributed to vapor-brine phase separation,and mixing of fluids from different geochemical reservoirs.The timing of Cu mineralization and hydrothermal alteration support that the Jurassic granodiorite porphyry is an ore-forming intrusion at Dabaoshan.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32072941)。
文摘The immunomodulatory function of estrogen within the ovary remains a subject of ongoing debate,and the neonatal ovarian immune microenvironment,particularly its modulation by estrogen,has not been comprehensively characterized.In this study,the effects of 17β-estradiol(E_(2)),a key regulator of immune function,were investigated using single-cell transcriptomic profiling of C57BL/6J neonatal mouse ovaries after E_(2)treatment.Results revealed dynamic alterations in the proportion of immune cell types after E_(2)treatment,accompanied by changes in cytokine and chemokine expression.Detailed analyses of gene expression,cell states,and developmental trajectories across distinct cell types indicated that E_(2)treatment influenced cell differentiation and development.Notably,E_(2)treatment reduced the abundance of macrophages and promoted a phenotypic transition from M1 to M2 macrophages.These findings demonstrate that the neonatal mouse ovarian immune microenvironment is sensitive to estrogenic modulation,which governs both the distribution and functional specialization of resident immune cells,offering novel mechanistic insights into the immunomodulatory roles of estrogen across various immune cell types.
基金supported by grants from National Natural Science Foundation of China(32370892)Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality(23141901200)+3 种基金Shanghai Natural Science Foundation(24ZR1450100)Health Commission of Shanghai Municipality(2022JC029)Biomaterials and Regenerative Medicine Institute Cooperative Research Project,Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine(2022LHA11)Talent-Introduction Program of Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine(2022YJRC05).
文摘Osteoarthritis(OA)is one of the most common degenerative and age-related diseases in joints,which affects 654 million people worldwide.Current therapies could not fundamentally reverse the pathologic process of OA due to the complex pathogenesis.Although OA mechanisms have been investigated on a large scale over the past decade,the OA pathology correlated with aging-associated changes is still largely unrevealed.Therefore,in-depth analysis of the aging microenvironment and aging-related molecular mechanisms in OA may offer additional strategies for clinical prevention and treatment.In this review,we discuss the potential pathogenesis of OA in light of aging-associated changes and summarize three main components of the aging microenvironment of the OA joint:immune homeostatic imbalance,cellular senescence,and stem cell exhaustion,which could be induced by aging and further exacerbate OA progression.Additionally,it is emphasized that immune homeostatic imbalance appears before established OA,which occurs in the early stage and is the therapeutic window of opportunity for better clinical outcomes.Importantly,we evaluate recent therapeutic targets and promising interventions against these components,as well as the challenges and prospects for precise and individualized therapies of OA patients,which we believe would guide the construction of novel combined strategies targeting aging-related factors against OA for better treatments in the future.
基金supported by the National Science and Technology Innovation 2030 Major Program(2021ZD0200900)National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFF0710901)+3 种基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(82021001,31825018)Biological Resources Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(KFJBRP-005)111 Project D18007a Project Funded by the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions(PAPD)。
文摘While viral infections can disturb the host gut microbiome,the dynamic alterations in microbial composition following infection remain poorly characterized.This study identified SRV-8-infected monkeys and classified them into five groups based on infection progression.16S rRNA amplicon sequencing revealed significant alterations in the relative and inferred absolute abundance of bacterial genera UCG-002,Agathobacter,Coprococcus,and Holdemanella during the early stage of SRV-8 infection,coinciding with provirus formation.These microbial shifts were accompanied by functional modifications in bacterial communities at the same stage.In contrast,ITS amplicon sequencing indicated no significant differences in fungal composition between healthy wild-type and SRV-8-infected monkeys.Spearman correlation analyses demonstrated close interactions between intestinal bacteria and fungi following SRV-8 infection.Additionally,SRV-8 seropositive groups exhibited significantly elevated mRNA expression levels of pro-inflammatory(TNF-α,IFN-γ,IL-1β,and IL-6)and anti-inflammatory(IL-10)cytokine genes,highlighting close associations between inflammatory cytokines and immune responses.Overall,these findings provide a comprehensive characterization of bacterial and fungal microbiota dynamics and inflammatory cytokine responses associated with SRV-8 infection,clarifying the pathobiological mechanisms underlying SRV-8 infection from the perspective of the gut microbiome.
文摘Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease is increasingly understood to be closely linked with skeletal muscle alterations,such as sarcopenia,myoste-atosis,and metabolic dysregulation,which play a key role in its pathogenesis and progression.Recent literature,including an article by Isakov,highlights the bidirectional interactions between muscle and liver,underscoring shared mechanisms such as insulin resistance,inflammation,and myokine imbalance.This letter reflects on key findings from the review,noting strengths such as its integration of mechanistic insights,discussion of emerging biomarkers,and emphasis on lifestyle and pharmacological interventions.It also identifies areas for further development,including standardization of diagnostic criteria and more rigorous evaluation of translational data.As muscle health gains promi-nence in metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease research,multidisciplinary strategies that target both hepatic and muscular systems may offer more effective avenues for prevention and treatment.
文摘Eight indica ( Oryza sativa L.) environment-sensitive genic male-sterile (EGMS) lines, 2-2S, K1405S, F131S, 2136S, Pei-Ai 64S, 1290S, GD-IS and N17S, were sequentially seeded with 10-15 d interval at three sites, Wuhan in 1997, Guiyang in 1997 and Sanya in 1997 and 1998, China. The results of investigations on self-sterilities showed that all of eight EGMS lines had stable sterile periods of longer than 30 d at Wuhan. They can be used for seed production of two-line hybrid rice, but can not reproduce themselves. Their stable sterile periods were shorter than 30 d at Guiyang, they can reproduce themselves and can not be used for hybrid seed production. In Sanya, their stable sterile periods were longer than 150 d, all of eight lines can be used for seed production in summer and autumn and reproduce themselves in winter. The fertility of all eight lines were sensitive to temperature. The sensitive stages, sensitive duration and critical point of temperatures (CPT) of fertility alteration in various lines were different. The sensitive stages of 2-2S and K1405S were from 18 d to 9 d before heading, the sensitive durations were 7-10 d and the CPTs were 23.7-24.5 degreesC. The sensitive stage, sensitive duration and CPT of F131S were from 17 to 5 d before heading, 13 d and 24.3-24.7 degreesC, respectively. The sensitive stage, sensitive duration and CPT of 2136S were from 18 to 12 d before heading, 7 d and 24.6-25.1 degreesC:, respectively. The sensitive stages, sensitive durations of Pei-Ai 64S, 1290S, N17S and GD-1S were from 24 to 13 d before heading and 10-13 d. And their CPTs were 24.6-25.1 degreesC, 25.5-26.2 degreesC, 25.4-26.1 degreesC,, and 24.1-24.7 degreesC, respectively.
