The incorporation of KH560-modified steel slag(MSS)as a filler in alkyd coatings significantly impacts their corrosion resistance and mechanical properties.The modification process was characterized using the Fourier ...The incorporation of KH560-modified steel slag(MSS)as a filler in alkyd coatings significantly impacts their corrosion resistance and mechanical properties.The modification process was characterized using the Fourier transform infrared spectrometer,scanning electron microscope,and X-ray photoelectron spectroscope to understand the chemical and morphological changes induced by KH560 treatment.Three types of coatings were prepared:pure alkyd coating(AC),steel slag/alkyd coating(SS/AC),and KH560-modified steel slag/alkyd coating(MSS/AC).Their corrosion resistance was evaluated by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and salt spray tests,while mechanical properties such as hardness,adhesion,and flexibility were also assessed.Results show that MSS significantly enhances the hardness,flexibility,and adhesion of the coatings,forming a composite structure(MSS-KH560-alkyd)that significantly improves the performance of MSS/AC.Notably,MSS/AC demonstrated superior hydrophobicity with a water absorption rate of 0.624%and a contact angle of 100.7°.Electrochemical tests revealed an impedance modulus of 3.9×10^(7)Ωcm^(2),a corrosion current of 3.39×10^(−4)mA,and a corrosion potential of−35 mV for MSS/AC.After a 10-d immersion in a 3.5 wt.%NaCl solution,MSS/AC maintained its protective properties.These findings underscore the potential of MSS as a sustainable and effective filler for alkyd coatings in corrosion protection applications.展开更多
Alkyd coatings embedded with nano-TiO2 and nano-ZnO pigments were prepared. The effects of nano pigments on anticorrosion performance of alkyd coatings were investigated using electrochemical impedance spectrum （EIS...Alkyd coatings embedded with nano-TiO2 and nano-ZnO pigments were prepared. The effects of nano pigments on anticorrosion performance of alkyd coatings were investigated using electrochemical impedance spectrum （EIS）. For the sake of comparison, the corrosion protection of alkyd coatings with conventional TiO2 and ZnO was also studied. It was found that nano-TiO2 pigment improved the corrosion resistance as well as the hardness of alkyd coatings. The optimal amount of nano-TiO2 in a colored coating for corrosion resistance was 1%. The viscosities of alkyd coatings with nanometer TiO2 and ZnO and conventional TiO2 and ZnO pigments were measured and the relation between viscosity and anticorrosion performance was discussed.展开更多
The performance of local clay-titanium dioxide core-shell extender pigments in alkyd paints has been studied. The physico-mechanical properties of the prepared alkyd paints were evaluated according to ASTM measurement...The performance of local clay-titanium dioxide core-shell extender pigments in alkyd paints has been studied. The physico-mechanical properties of the prepared alkyd paints were evaluated according to ASTM measurements. The effects of various environmental and corrosive factors on the paints were also studied. The study showed that the alkyd paint samples formulated using the core-shell pigments generally had low specific gravity (1.30 – 1.38), an indication that more of the core-shell pigments can be incorporated into the alkyd paints with considerable cost savings. The dry film thicknesses of the paint samples falls within 0.24 - 0.39 mm, suggesting that the samples will perform well as anticorrosive coatings and their adhesion properties are generally good, showing that they can withstand abrasive and corrosive agents. The core-shell extender pigments formulated paint samples were observed to exhibit the best dust-free, tack-free, and through dry times compared to TiO<sub>2</sub> paint formulation. The formulated paint samples generally performed well on exposure to rain and sunlight as well as in distilled water, 2% Na<sub>2</sub>CO<sub>3</sub>, and 2% H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub> with only TiO<sub>2</sub> paint formulation exhibiting rust. The good paint performance characteristics obtainable with the core-shell extender pigments are enough evidence to justify their utilization in the surface coatings industry. The performances of these core-shell extender pigments in alkyd paints have shown that they combine the properties of both the clays and titanium dioxide, and have the potential to overcome their disadvantages.展开更多
BACKGROUND： Studies have demonstrated that coating materials used commonly in the interior decoration contain volatile of alkyd varnish, which has obvious effects on the structure of endothelial cells of respiratory ...BACKGROUND： Studies have demonstrated that coating materials used commonly in the interior decoration contain volatile of alkyd varnish, which has obvious effects on the structure of endothelial cells of respiratory tract. OBJECTIVE： To observe the effects of volatile of alkyd varnish in the decoration materials on the expression of neuronal growth associated protein-43 （GAP-43） in mice, and to analyze the influencing mechanism of interior environmental pollutants for brain mechanism. DESIGN： A randomized grouping and controlled experiment. SETTING： College of Life Science, Liaoning Normal University. MATERIALS： This study was carried out in the College of Life Science, Liaoning Normal University between February and December 2006. Twenty one-month-old Kunming mice, weighing （20 ± 2 ） g, male and female in half, were involved in this study. The involved mice were divided into 2 groups by random lot method： chronic poisoning group （n =10） and control group （n =10）. Alkyd varnish used commonly for house decoration was purchased from Furnishing World of Liberation Plaza of Dalian City. Alkyd varnish used commonly for house decoration was purchased from Furnishing World of Liberation Plaza of Dalian City. Rabbit GAP-43 polyclonal antibody, rat β -actin monoclonal antibody, goat anti-rat IgG-HRP and goat ant-rabbit IgG-HRP were purchased from Boster Company （Wuhan）. ECL was purchased from Amersham Company （Britain）, other related reagents were all purchased from Sigma Company and Promega Company （USA）. All the other reagents were home-made analytical pure. METHODS： ①Poisoning test： The mice were poisoned by static inhalation poisoning method. Mice in the chronic poisoning group were placed in the 0.024 m^3 poisoning cabinet. Alkyd varnish （8 g, 3-time dosage of house decoration） was daily spread once on a 40 cm × 21 cm kraft paper evenly. Mice were poisoned for 14 hours within 3 weeks successively. Mice in the control group were placed in the same environment without alkyd varnish, and the poisoning method was the same as that of chronic poisoning group. ② Experimental evaluation： content of protein in the cortex, cerebellum and hippocampus of mice was measured separately by Bradford method. GAP-43 expression in the hippocampus and cortex was observed separately by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis （SDS-PAGE）. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： Content of protein and expression of GAP-43 in different brain regions of mice. RESULTS： Twenty mice were involved in the final analysis. ① Content of protein in the cerebellum and hippocampus of mice in the chronic poisoning group was decreased a little, separately （P 〉 0.05）. ② GAP-43 expression in the hippocampus of mice of the chronic poisoning group was significantly lower than that of the control group（P 〈 0.05）. CONCLUSION： Long-term action of volatile of alkyd varnish can inhibit the brain functions of mice by depressing the GAP-43 expression in hippocampus of mice.展开更多
In this study,different samples of alkyd resins based on Citrullus colocynthis seed oil(CCSO)—which has a high content of linoleic acid—were prepared as a renewable raw material.Short(I),medium(II),and long(III)alky...In this study,different samples of alkyd resins based on Citrullus colocynthis seed oil(CCSO)—which has a high content of linoleic acid—were prepared as a renewable raw material.Short(I),medium(II),and long(III)alkyd resins were synthesized using oil,glycerol,and phthalic anhydride(PA)in different proportions.Prunus mahaleb seed oil(PMSO),which contains conjugated linolenic acid,was blended with CCSO in different proportions to examine the effect of PMSO on the film properties of alkyd resins(IV and V).All synthesized resins were characterized by FTIR and 1H NMR spectroscopic analysis.These resins were also cured by an epoxy resin and their film properties(pencil hardness,adhesion,gloss,and chemical resistance)were determined.Analysis of these alkyds reveals that CCSO can be used as a new potential raw material for coating applications.展开更多
Oilless alkyd resin modified with the silicoorganic compounds has been obtained successfully by polymerization.At appropriate proportion of silicoorganic compounds,the polymerized product has higher hardness and lustr...Oilless alkyd resin modified with the silicoorganic compounds has been obtained successfully by polymerization.At appropriate proportion of silicoorganic compounds,the polymerized product has higher hardness and lustre than that of oilless alkyd resin.展开更多
Mango seed and palm oils were modified by alcoholysis and esterification process, to form alkyd resin, which is generally used in surface coatings and adhesives. N-hexane was used to extract the mango seed oil, while,...Mango seed and palm oils were modified by alcoholysis and esterification process, to form alkyd resin, which is generally used in surface coatings and adhesives. N-hexane was used to extract the mango seed oil, while, palm oil was manually isolated by pressing method after heating to softness. Some physio-chemical properties, like, percentage yield, saponification value, acid value, iodine value, refractive index, etc., were carried out according to standards to determine the suitability of the oils in bio-resin synthesis. The colour intensity of the alkyd resins were tested using Gardner scale, elasticity by viscometer, hardness, chemical resistance, and other properties of the alkyd resin were tested according to standard. The Infra-Red (IR) spectra of the raw oils and their respective alkyd resins were determined before modification. Palm oil alkyd resin exhibited a characteristic straight chain of ester functional group at 1738.64 cm−1 and aromatic (C=C) ring of ester at 1730.09 cm−1 while, mango seed oil alkyd resin showed spectrum of strong peaks at 11698 cm−1 with stretching frequency to 1240 cm−1, 1221 cm−1, 1188 cm−1, indicating the presence of a carbon atom single bonded to oxygen. The hardness, glossy tests, drying time, chemical resistance, etc., of the sample alkyd resins compared well to the commercial grade alkyd resin.展开更多
Significant scientific and economic benefits may be derived from investigating the best choice of catalyst in the alkyd resin synthesis. The effect of catalyst type and concentration on the production of alkyd resin u...Significant scientific and economic benefits may be derived from investigating the best choice of catalyst in the alkyd resin synthesis. The effect of catalyst type and concentration on the production of alkyd resin using castor seed oil (CSO) was evaluated. Lithium hydroxide, lead (II) oxide, calcium carbonate, sodium hydroxide and calcium oxide were investigated. The fatty acid profile of the raw CSO was determined using GC-MS while structural elucidation of the CSO based alkyd resins was determined using FTIR spectrometry. The CSO modified alkyd resin produced has acid values of 5.0, 5.61, 7.0 8.24 and 11 for lithium hydroxide, lead (II) oxide, calcium carbonate, sodium hydroxide and calcium oxide respectively. The extent of reaction was 95%, 95%, 91%, 89% and 88% for lithium hydroxide, lead (II) oxide, calcium carbonate, sodium hydroxide and calcium oxide respectively at the reaction time of 150 minutes. The alcoholysis reaction completion time was fastest in LiOH followed by PbO, CaCO<sub>3</sub>, NaOH and CaO catalyst. Physico-chemical parameters of the oil and performance evaluation of the alkyd films suggest that they are sustainable materials for surface coating. LiOH shows excellent robustness to expanded process parameters.展开更多
The fatty acid composition of tobacco seed oil revealed that the oil is rich in unsaturated fatty acids, having linoleic acid （71.63%）, oleic acid （13.46%） and palmitic acid （8.72%） as the most abundant unsatura...The fatty acid composition of tobacco seed oil revealed that the oil is rich in unsaturated fatty acids, having linoleic acid （71.63%）, oleic acid （13.46%） and palmitic acid （8.72%） as the most abundant unsaturated and saturated fatty acids respectively. So the tobacco oil was characterized as semi-drying type on the basis of fatty acid composition. The synthesis of alkyd resin was carried out by alcoholysis or monoglyceride process using an alkali refined tobacco seed oil, pentaerythritol, cis-1,2,3,6-tetrahydrophthalic anhydride along with lithium hydroxide as catalyst. The alkyd resin so prepared was found to be bright and of low color with high gloss. The drying and hardness properties and adhesion of the tobacco seed oil derived alkyd resin were also found a bit superior to those of other alkyd resins of the same oil length. In addition, the water and acid resistance of the said alkyd was also found comparable to the other alkyds.展开更多
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.U23A20605)the Outstanding Youth Fund of Anhui Province(2208085J19)China Baowu Low Carbon Metallurgy Innovation Foundation(No.BWLCF202202).
文摘The incorporation of KH560-modified steel slag(MSS)as a filler in alkyd coatings significantly impacts their corrosion resistance and mechanical properties.The modification process was characterized using the Fourier transform infrared spectrometer,scanning electron microscope,and X-ray photoelectron spectroscope to understand the chemical and morphological changes induced by KH560 treatment.Three types of coatings were prepared:pure alkyd coating(AC),steel slag/alkyd coating(SS/AC),and KH560-modified steel slag/alkyd coating(MSS/AC).Their corrosion resistance was evaluated by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and salt spray tests,while mechanical properties such as hardness,adhesion,and flexibility were also assessed.Results show that MSS significantly enhances the hardness,flexibility,and adhesion of the coatings,forming a composite structure(MSS-KH560-alkyd)that significantly improves the performance of MSS/AC.Notably,MSS/AC demonstrated superior hydrophobicity with a water absorption rate of 0.624%and a contact angle of 100.7°.Electrochemical tests revealed an impedance modulus of 3.9×10^(7)Ωcm^(2),a corrosion current of 3.39×10^(−4)mA,and a corrosion potential of−35 mV for MSS/AC.After a 10-d immersion in a 3.5 wt.%NaCl solution,MSS/AC maintained its protective properties.These findings underscore the potential of MSS as a sustainable and effective filler for alkyd coatings in corrosion protection applications.
基金the financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.50499334).
文摘Alkyd coatings embedded with nano-TiO2 and nano-ZnO pigments were prepared. The effects of nano pigments on anticorrosion performance of alkyd coatings were investigated using electrochemical impedance spectrum （EIS）. For the sake of comparison, the corrosion protection of alkyd coatings with conventional TiO2 and ZnO was also studied. It was found that nano-TiO2 pigment improved the corrosion resistance as well as the hardness of alkyd coatings. The optimal amount of nano-TiO2 in a colored coating for corrosion resistance was 1%. The viscosities of alkyd coatings with nanometer TiO2 and ZnO and conventional TiO2 and ZnO pigments were measured and the relation between viscosity and anticorrosion performance was discussed.
文摘The performance of local clay-titanium dioxide core-shell extender pigments in alkyd paints has been studied. The physico-mechanical properties of the prepared alkyd paints were evaluated according to ASTM measurements. The effects of various environmental and corrosive factors on the paints were also studied. The study showed that the alkyd paint samples formulated using the core-shell pigments generally had low specific gravity (1.30 – 1.38), an indication that more of the core-shell pigments can be incorporated into the alkyd paints with considerable cost savings. The dry film thicknesses of the paint samples falls within 0.24 - 0.39 mm, suggesting that the samples will perform well as anticorrosive coatings and their adhesion properties are generally good, showing that they can withstand abrasive and corrosive agents. The core-shell extender pigments formulated paint samples were observed to exhibit the best dust-free, tack-free, and through dry times compared to TiO<sub>2</sub> paint formulation. The formulated paint samples generally performed well on exposure to rain and sunlight as well as in distilled water, 2% Na<sub>2</sub>CO<sub>3</sub>, and 2% H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub> with only TiO<sub>2</sub> paint formulation exhibiting rust. The good paint performance characteristics obtainable with the core-shell extender pigments are enough evidence to justify their utilization in the surface coatings industry. The performances of these core-shell extender pigments in alkyd paints have shown that they combine the properties of both the clays and titanium dioxide, and have the potential to overcome their disadvantages.
文摘BACKGROUND： Studies have demonstrated that coating materials used commonly in the interior decoration contain volatile of alkyd varnish, which has obvious effects on the structure of endothelial cells of respiratory tract. OBJECTIVE： To observe the effects of volatile of alkyd varnish in the decoration materials on the expression of neuronal growth associated protein-43 （GAP-43） in mice, and to analyze the influencing mechanism of interior environmental pollutants for brain mechanism. DESIGN： A randomized grouping and controlled experiment. SETTING： College of Life Science, Liaoning Normal University. MATERIALS： This study was carried out in the College of Life Science, Liaoning Normal University between February and December 2006. Twenty one-month-old Kunming mice, weighing （20 ± 2 ） g, male and female in half, were involved in this study. The involved mice were divided into 2 groups by random lot method： chronic poisoning group （n =10） and control group （n =10）. Alkyd varnish used commonly for house decoration was purchased from Furnishing World of Liberation Plaza of Dalian City. Alkyd varnish used commonly for house decoration was purchased from Furnishing World of Liberation Plaza of Dalian City. Rabbit GAP-43 polyclonal antibody, rat β -actin monoclonal antibody, goat anti-rat IgG-HRP and goat ant-rabbit IgG-HRP were purchased from Boster Company （Wuhan）. ECL was purchased from Amersham Company （Britain）, other related reagents were all purchased from Sigma Company and Promega Company （USA）. All the other reagents were home-made analytical pure. METHODS： ①Poisoning test： The mice were poisoned by static inhalation poisoning method. Mice in the chronic poisoning group were placed in the 0.024 m^3 poisoning cabinet. Alkyd varnish （8 g, 3-time dosage of house decoration） was daily spread once on a 40 cm × 21 cm kraft paper evenly. Mice were poisoned for 14 hours within 3 weeks successively. Mice in the control group were placed in the same environment without alkyd varnish, and the poisoning method was the same as that of chronic poisoning group. ② Experimental evaluation： content of protein in the cortex, cerebellum and hippocampus of mice was measured separately by Bradford method. GAP-43 expression in the hippocampus and cortex was observed separately by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis （SDS-PAGE）. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： Content of protein and expression of GAP-43 in different brain regions of mice. RESULTS： Twenty mice were involved in the final analysis. ① Content of protein in the cerebellum and hippocampus of mice in the chronic poisoning group was decreased a little, separately （P 〉 0.05）. ② GAP-43 expression in the hippocampus of mice of the chronic poisoning group was significantly lower than that of the control group（P 〈 0.05）. CONCLUSION： Long-term action of volatile of alkyd varnish can inhibit the brain functions of mice by depressing the GAP-43 expression in hippocampus of mice.
文摘In this study,different samples of alkyd resins based on Citrullus colocynthis seed oil(CCSO)—which has a high content of linoleic acid—were prepared as a renewable raw material.Short(I),medium(II),and long(III)alkyd resins were synthesized using oil,glycerol,and phthalic anhydride(PA)in different proportions.Prunus mahaleb seed oil(PMSO),which contains conjugated linolenic acid,was blended with CCSO in different proportions to examine the effect of PMSO on the film properties of alkyd resins(IV and V).All synthesized resins were characterized by FTIR and 1H NMR spectroscopic analysis.These resins were also cured by an epoxy resin and their film properties(pencil hardness,adhesion,gloss,and chemical resistance)were determined.Analysis of these alkyds reveals that CCSO can be used as a new potential raw material for coating applications.
文摘Oilless alkyd resin modified with the silicoorganic compounds has been obtained successfully by polymerization.At appropriate proportion of silicoorganic compounds,the polymerized product has higher hardness and lustre than that of oilless alkyd resin.
文摘Mango seed and palm oils were modified by alcoholysis and esterification process, to form alkyd resin, which is generally used in surface coatings and adhesives. N-hexane was used to extract the mango seed oil, while, palm oil was manually isolated by pressing method after heating to softness. Some physio-chemical properties, like, percentage yield, saponification value, acid value, iodine value, refractive index, etc., were carried out according to standards to determine the suitability of the oils in bio-resin synthesis. The colour intensity of the alkyd resins were tested using Gardner scale, elasticity by viscometer, hardness, chemical resistance, and other properties of the alkyd resin were tested according to standard. The Infra-Red (IR) spectra of the raw oils and their respective alkyd resins were determined before modification. Palm oil alkyd resin exhibited a characteristic straight chain of ester functional group at 1738.64 cm−1 and aromatic (C=C) ring of ester at 1730.09 cm−1 while, mango seed oil alkyd resin showed spectrum of strong peaks at 11698 cm−1 with stretching frequency to 1240 cm−1, 1221 cm−1, 1188 cm−1, indicating the presence of a carbon atom single bonded to oxygen. The hardness, glossy tests, drying time, chemical resistance, etc., of the sample alkyd resins compared well to the commercial grade alkyd resin.
文摘Significant scientific and economic benefits may be derived from investigating the best choice of catalyst in the alkyd resin synthesis. The effect of catalyst type and concentration on the production of alkyd resin using castor seed oil (CSO) was evaluated. Lithium hydroxide, lead (II) oxide, calcium carbonate, sodium hydroxide and calcium oxide were investigated. The fatty acid profile of the raw CSO was determined using GC-MS while structural elucidation of the CSO based alkyd resins was determined using FTIR spectrometry. The CSO modified alkyd resin produced has acid values of 5.0, 5.61, 7.0 8.24 and 11 for lithium hydroxide, lead (II) oxide, calcium carbonate, sodium hydroxide and calcium oxide respectively. The extent of reaction was 95%, 95%, 91%, 89% and 88% for lithium hydroxide, lead (II) oxide, calcium carbonate, sodium hydroxide and calcium oxide respectively at the reaction time of 150 minutes. The alcoholysis reaction completion time was fastest in LiOH followed by PbO, CaCO<sub>3</sub>, NaOH and CaO catalyst. Physico-chemical parameters of the oil and performance evaluation of the alkyd films suggest that they are sustainable materials for surface coating. LiOH shows excellent robustness to expanded process parameters.
文摘The fatty acid composition of tobacco seed oil revealed that the oil is rich in unsaturated fatty acids, having linoleic acid （71.63%）, oleic acid （13.46%） and palmitic acid （8.72%） as the most abundant unsaturated and saturated fatty acids respectively. So the tobacco oil was characterized as semi-drying type on the basis of fatty acid composition. The synthesis of alkyd resin was carried out by alcoholysis or monoglyceride process using an alkali refined tobacco seed oil, pentaerythritol, cis-1,2,3,6-tetrahydrophthalic anhydride along with lithium hydroxide as catalyst. The alkyd resin so prepared was found to be bright and of low color with high gloss. The drying and hardness properties and adhesion of the tobacco seed oil derived alkyd resin were also found a bit superior to those of other alkyd resins of the same oil length. In addition, the water and acid resistance of the said alkyd was also found comparable to the other alkyds.
