The present investigation involves the separation of zinc and nickel from a sulfate solution using the acidic leaching of zinc plant residue after cadmium removal step as precursor(42.88 wt%Zn,8.50 wt%Cd and 2.33 wt%N...The present investigation involves the separation of zinc and nickel from a sulfate solution using the acidic leaching of zinc plant residue after cadmium removal step as precursor(42.88 wt%Zn,8.50 wt%Cd and 2.33 wt%Ni).Separation of nickel from the solution was done by pouring it into a strong alkaline sodium hydroxide solution due to precipitation of nickel hydroxide and conversion of zinc to the soluble Zn(OH)_(4)^(2-)complex.Higher degrees of separation were reached by pouring more diluted solutions into the stronger alkaline media.To clear pursue of the process,design of experimental methodology was applied for experiments.Scrutinizing different washing steps on nickel-rich precipitates shows that the washing process decreases zinc content and thereby increases overall selectivity coefficient.Outcomes show that,at the optimized condition,Ni/Zn weight ratio in the solid product becomes about 104 times higher than the initial ratio in the initial feed solution and a nickel concentrate with 29.98 wt%Ni and 5.99 wt%Zn is achieved.At the same time,the chemical analysis of filtrate shows only 4.4 mg·L^(-1)Ni in the alkaline zinc solution,which means that over 99%nickel is recovered.The study on changes of zinc concentration with time shows that the process could be completed only after few minutes.展开更多
Ion-solvaing membranes(ISMs)have received extensive attention in recent years as a key component in electrochemical energy conversion and storage devices.This article provides an overview of structural composition,per...Ion-solvaing membranes(ISMs)have received extensive attention in recent years as a key component in electrochemical energy conversion and storage devices.This article provides an overview of structural composition,performance advan-tages,research progress,ion conduction mechanism and existing issues of ISMs,primarily classifying them according to the matrix structure.A detailed analysis of performance enhancement methods,key performance indicators of ISMs and performance influencing factors is also presented.The article contributes to further optimizing the design and application of ion-solvation membranes,providing theoretical support for the development of fields such as hydrogen production through electrolysis of water and electrochemical energy in the future.展开更多
The sand fly Lutzomyia longipalpis is the main vector of Leishmania infantum in the Americas.Female sand flies ingest sugar-rich solutions and blood,which are digested in the midgut.Digestion of nutrients is an essent...The sand fly Lutzomyia longipalpis is the main vector of Leishmania infantum in the Americas.Female sand flies ingest sugar-rich solutions and blood,which are digested in the midgut.Digestion of nutrients is an essential function performed by digestive enzymes,which require appropriate physiological conditions.One of the main aspects that influence enzymatic activity is the gut pH,which must be tightly controlled.Considering second messengers are frequently involved in the coordination of tightly regulated physiological events,we investigated if the second messenger cAMP would participate in the process of alkalinization in the abdominal midgut of female L.longipalpis.In midguts containing the indicator dye bromothymol-blue,cAMP stimulated the alkalinization of the midgut lumen.Through another technique based on the use of fluorescein as a pH indicator,we propose that cAMP is involved in the alkalinization of the midgut by activating HCO3-transport from the enterocyte's cytoplasm to the lumen.The results strongly suggested that the carrier responsible for this process would be a HCO3−/Cl−antiporter located in the enterocytes’apical membrane.Hematophagy promotes the release of alkalinizing hormones in the hemolymph;however,when the enzyme adenylyl cyclase,responsible for cAMP production,was inhibited,we observed that the hemolymph from blood-fed L.longipalpis’females did not stimulate midgut alkalinization.This result indicated that hormone-stimulated alkalinization is mediated by cAMP.In the present study,we provide evidences that cAMP has a key role in the control of intestinal pH.展开更多
Homret Ghannam alkali feldspar granite(HGAFG)in the central Eastern Desert(CED)of Egypt represents a distinctive example of late Neoproterozoic magmatism in the Arabian-Nubian Shield(ANS).This study integrates field o...Homret Ghannam alkali feldspar granite(HGAFG)in the central Eastern Desert(CED)of Egypt represents a distinctive example of late Neoproterozoic magmatism in the Arabian-Nubian Shield(ANS).This study integrates field observations,petrography,mineral chemistry(EMPA),and whole-rock geochemistry to investigate its petrogenesis,geodynamic evolution,and rare-metal potential.HGAFG comprises two cogenetic varieties,alkali feldspar granite and riebeckite-bearing granite,hosting rare-metal minerals such as zircon,fluorite,columbite and apatite.HGAFG exhibits diagnostic A-type geochemical characteristics,including high SiO₂contents(73.81-77.86 wt%),metaluminous to mildly peralkaline composition(ASI:0.92-1.03),enrichment in HFSE(Zr≈791.80 ppm,Nb≈68.12 ppm,Y≈90.81 ppm)andΣREE(103.40-475.57 ppm),and pronounced negative Eu anomalies(Eu/Eu^(*)=0.07-0.20).Zircon saturation thermometry yields high crystallization temperatures(TZr≈908.87℃)and low emplacement pressures(1.46 kbar)under reducing conditions(ƒO_(2)≈−11.5).The mineralogical and geochemical results reveal that HGAFG originated from a hybrid,fluorine-rich magma generated by anatexis of lower crust,followed by extensive fractional crystallization,during late post-collisional extension associated with lithospheric delamination.The reduced nature and fluorine enrichment of HGAFG magma promoted the mineralization of Nb-Ta-REE phases,highlighting its significance as a fertile,high-temperature product of the terminal magmatic stage in ANS evolution.展开更多
Examining carbonate dissolution kinetics at mineral-water interface is crucial to understand numerous environmental and geochemical processes,including global carbon cycling,CO_(2)sequestration in deep geological rese...Examining carbonate dissolution kinetics at mineral-water interface is crucial to understand numerous environmental and geochemical processes,including global carbon cycling,CO_(2)sequestration in deep geological reservoirs,and trace elements release in terrestrial and aquatic environments.Here we explored the effect of circumneutral to alkaline pH solutions(pH 6-11)on dissolution kinetics of pure dolomite and Ca and Mg release stoichiometry in flow-through reactor experiments at 25±1℃.Results revealed that the dolomite dissolution rates obtained from effluent Ca and Mg concentrations(R_(Ca)and R_(Mg)in mol/cm^(2)/s)were dependent on input solution pH and HCO_(3)^(-)log activity.The pH dependence of dissolution rates showed two distinct trends,i.e.,at circumneutral pH ranging between 6 and 8,the dissolution rate decreased with increasing pH,with minimum rate at pH 8.While in the highly alkaline pH range(pH 9-11),the dolomite dissolution rate increased with an increasing pH.Irrespective of the input pH,the dolomite dissolution rates indicated a reverse relationship with HCO_(3)^(-)log activity,with the lowest dissolution rate(R Ca=3.80×10^(-12)mol/cm^(2)/s)at pH 8 where HCO_(3)^(-)log activity attained the highest value(-3.957).The lower R Ca and R Mg obtained at pH 8 compared to all the other pH could possibly be attributed to an inhibition caused by high HCO_(3)^(-)log activity in solution at this pH.Dolomite dissolution rates were non-stoichiometric at all the experimental pH values,showing higher preferential Ca over Mg release(R_(Ca)>R_(Mg))whereas an opposite trend was observed at pH 8,with R_(Ca)<R_(Mg)at the steady state.Saturation index values calculated using geochemical speciation modelling were positive for Mg-bearing minerals(brucite,dolomite,artinite)at alkaline pH of 10-11,indicating favourable conditions for their precipitation under studied conditions.This study provides insights on the significance of log ion activities of HCO_(3)^(-)and Me-OH^(+)under varying pH for elucidating the dissolution mechanism of dolomite in circumneutral to alkaline aqueous environments.展开更多
Plant-related organic compound(PROC)may interact with redox-active metals like iron while they are present in soil or aquatic environment,but their effects on the photoreduction of Fe(III)remain largely unexplored.Thi...Plant-related organic compound(PROC)may interact with redox-active metals like iron while they are present in soil or aquatic environment,but their effects on the photoreduction of Fe(III)remain largely unexplored.This study investigates the photochemical behavior of Fe(III)-PROC complexes using alkaline lignin(AL),betaine hydrochloride(BH),and phytic acid(PA)as representative proxies for PROC.The reductive agent AL demonstrated the ability to directly reduce Fe(III)to Fe(II).In contrast,BH,being unable to form strong complexes with Fe(III),was able to quench·OH,thereby resulting in a shift of the redox equilibrium towards Fe(II).PA exhibited a strong binding affinity for Fe(III),effectively inhibiting its photoreduction.Electron paramagnetic resonance(EPR)analysis,utilizing 5,5-dimethyl-1-pyrroline-N-oxide(DMPO)as a spin trap,revealed that the DMPO-OH signal detected in photolyzed Fe(III)-PROC solutions originated from various pathways.Specifically,uncomplexed Fe(III)in AL or BH solutions was shown to oxidize DMPO directly,leading to the formation of a false DMPO-OH adduct.The addition of ethanol to the photolyzed Fe(III)-AL and Fe(III)-BH systems resulted in the generation of the DMPO-CH(CH_(3))OH adduct,thereby confirming the presence of authentic·OH in these systems.The photolysis of the Fe(III)-PA complex may proceed via a photodissociation mechanism,where the resulting loosely bound Fe(III)can oxidize DMPO,followed by a nucleophilic attack from water.This research highlights the multifaceted roles of PROC in facilitating the redox cycling of iron within soil and aquatic ecosystems.展开更多
NiMo-based catalysts show significant potential for the hydrogen evolution reaction(HER).Optimizing the electronic structure and enhancing mass transfer are two critical factors for improving catalytic performance,but...NiMo-based catalysts show significant potential for the hydrogen evolution reaction(HER).Optimizing the electronic structure and enhancing mass transfer are two critical factors for improving catalytic performance,but they remain significant challenges.Herein,we present a route for synthesizing two-dimensional(2D)porous Mo_(2)N-Ni heterojunction nanosheets with tuned Ni-Mo ratio for enhanced alkaline HER performance.A precursor can be easily synthesized by assembling polyoxometalate clusters(PMo_(12))with layered hydroxy oxides(Ni(OH)_(2)).It is found that the interaction between PMo_(12)and Ni(OH)_(2)can effectively protect the particles from significant agglomeration during pyrolysis,resulting in the formation of 2D porous sheets composed of small Mo_(2)N-Ni units.The transfer of electrons from Ni to Mo_(2)N results in the redistribution of electrons at the heterojunction,optimizing the adsorption and desorption of intermediates.Moreover,the 2D porous structure comprised of small particles enhances mass transfer,thereby reducing the impedance of the catalyst.Consequently,the catalyst with an optimized Mo/Ni ratio exhibits an overpotential of 19 mV at 10 mA cm^(-2),being comparable to that of commercial Pt/C catalyst.The anion exchange membrane(AEM)electrolyzer,consisting of optimized Mo_(2)N-Ni and NiFe-LDH,achieves a current density of 500 mA cm^(-2)at 1.80 V and can operate stably for 300 h.This assembly method offers an effective strategy for the large-scale preparation of efficient catalysts.展开更多
The accumulation of refractory organics in Bayer liquor(pH 14.4)critically compromises aluminum production efficiency and product quality,necessitating sustainable remediation strategies.Herein,we develop an ultrasoni...The accumulation of refractory organics in Bayer liquor(pH 14.4)critically compromises aluminum production efficiency and product quality,necessitating sustainable remediation strategies.Herein,we develop an ultrasonic-driven catalytic ozonation system with dynamically reconstructed CuO/Cu2O heterointerfaces,achieving unprecedented efficiency in extreme alkaline wastewater treatment.Atomic-scale interface engineering endows the catalyst with hydrophilicity(contact angle:6.1°)and 3.8–4.3 times higher oxygen vacancy density compared to single-phase catalysts.These properties facilitate efficient interfacial interactions with Bayer liquor and enable superior ozone activation through synergistic Cu(I)/Cu(II)redox cycling across the heterointerface.This interfacial synergy reduces ozone adsorption energy from 5.46 eV(Cu_(2)O)to 1.48 eV,driving the generation of reactive oxygen species(ROS)via low-energy pathways.Under optimized conditions,the system achieves 57.82%TOC removal within 1.5 h with 2.3-fold faster kinetics than ozone–alone processes,while improving energy efficiency by 1.82–3.22 times per kWh over conventional thermal oxidation.Remarkable stability is demonstrated through 80.21%activity retention after 6 cycles,attributed to surface energy minimization(0.61 J m^(−2)),alongside 67.91%hydroxyl radical(•OH)-mediated degradation confirmed by quenching tests.In XPS,EEMs analysis,and ECOSAR modeling further elucidate the surface reconstruction mechanism and intermediate toxicity reduction.This work establishes an atomic interface design paradigm that bridges catalytic innovation with green metallurgy applications,offering a sustainable solution for industrial wastewater remediation aligned with circular economy principles.展开更多
1.Objective Nigeria lies between the West African Craton and the Congo Craton,south of the Tuareg Shield(Ogunmola JK et al.,2015).The Nasarawa pegmatite field mainly comprises of the Precambrian Basement Complex(inclu...1.Objective Nigeria lies between the West African Craton and the Congo Craton,south of the Tuareg Shield(Ogunmola JK et al.,2015).The Nasarawa pegmatite field mainly comprises of the Precambrian Basement Complex(including Archean-Proterozoic migmatite,gneiss,schists and Pan-African “Older Granites”),Mesozoic alkaline ring complexes(“Younger Granites”) and sedimentary basins(Yang QD et al.,2023;Fig.1a).“Older Granites” are part of the Pan-African mobile belt;“Younger Granites” has significant peralkaline characteristics.“Younger Granites” has a wide distribution in the north-central region of Nigeria,including areas such as Kano,Jos-Bauchi,Mada,and Nasarawa,and the emplacement age gradually decreases from north to south from 213 Ma(Dutse complex) to 141 Ma(Afu complex)(Amuda AK et al.,2021).展开更多
The large-scale application of water electrolysis for H_(2) production is hindered by the sluggish kinetics of the anodic oxygen evolution reaction(OER).To improve the efficiency of water electrolyzers,numerous effort...The large-scale application of water electrolysis for H_(2) production is hindered by the sluggish kinetics of the anodic oxygen evolution reaction(OER).To improve the efficiency of water electrolyzers,numerous efforts have been devoted to developing robust OER catalysts.Among them,Ni-based materials have been identified as state-of-the-art catalysts in alkaline conditions due to their high catalytic activity[1,2].During OER,these catalysts can undergo surface reconstruction and form(oxy)hydroxide species on the surface,which is the real active phase and its chemistry determines the OER performance[3].展开更多
With the in-depth implementation of sustainable development strategies,hydrogen energy as a clean energy source is receiving increasing attention[1,2].Among the various methods of hydrogen production,the electrocataly...With the in-depth implementation of sustainable development strategies,hydrogen energy as a clean energy source is receiving increasing attention[1,2].Among the various methods of hydrogen production,the electrocatalytic decomposition of abundant seawater into hydrogen utilizing renewable energy has emerged as a green and promising approach.However,natural seawater contains complex components,such as halide ions,which lead to the corrosion of catalysts or the occurrence of competitive side reactions during the electrolysis process[3].展开更多
We report a theoretical investigation into superconductivity within the MAXH_(6) quaternary hydride system using first-principles calculations,where M and A denote alkali and alkaline earth elements,respectively,and X...We report a theoretical investigation into superconductivity within the MAXH_(6) quaternary hydride system using first-principles calculations,where M and A denote alkali and alkaline earth elements,respectively,and X represents transition metal elements.Systematic analysis of electronic band structures,phonon dispersions,and electron-phonon coupling reveals that substitution of MA binary metal combinations and X metal atoms can create favorable conditions for superconductivity.Mapping of superconducting critical temperatures,combined with dynamical stability analysis through phonon calculations,identifies ten superconducting candidates at ambient pressure.Among these,LiNaAgH_(6) exhibits nearly-free-electron behavior reminiscent of monovalent electron superconductors.It demonstrates exceptional superconducting properties with electron–phonon coupling λ=2.707,which yields a superconducting transition temperature T_(c) of 206.4 K using the Allen–Dynes formula.Its structural analogs MgNaPdH_(6),LiMgPdH_(6),LiMgAgH_(6),LiMgAuH_(6) all exhibit superconducting transition temperatures above 110 K.These findings advance our fundamental understanding of superconductivity in quaternary hydrides and provide guidance for rational design of new high-temperature superconducting materials.展开更多
This study explores the broad-spectrum application of OsRALF26,a small secreted peptide belonging to the rapid alkalinization factor(RALF)family in rice.We found that the rice genome carries numerous lineage-specific ...This study explores the broad-spectrum application of OsRALF26,a small secreted peptide belonging to the rapid alkalinization factor(RALF)family in rice.We found that the rice genome carries numerous lineage-specific OsRALFs,suggesting that this evolutionary expansion could be the result of an arms race with pathogens.Among them,we focused on the Oryza-specific Os RALF26 and its closest homolog,OsRALF27,analyzing their effects across a range of plant species from monocots to dicots.The exogenous application of OsRALF26 significantly reduced bacterial populations in rice challenged with Xanthomonas oryzae pv.oryzae(Xoo)and in Arabidopsis and tomato challenged with Pseudomonas syringae pv.tomato DC3000(Pst DC3000),whereas Os RALF27 did not enhance resistance.展开更多
Drug resistance poses a significant challenge to effective long-term treatment across various medical fields.This study proposed a feasible strategy to enhance lysosomal alkalinization by transporting mitochondria-tar...Drug resistance poses a significant challenge to effective long-term treatment across various medical fields.This study proposed a feasible strategy to enhance lysosomal alkalinization by transporting mitochondria-targeting quaternary ammonium salts into lysosomes,creating a deprotonated environment.This environment allows drugs to bypass protonation issues in lysosomes,thereby reversing drug resistance and improving therapeutic efficacy.As a proof of concept,a quaternary ammonium salt-based pH indicator was developed,berberrubine(BRB),enhancing the action of the anticancer drug hydroxycamptothecin(HCPT)in resistant cells.BRB-induced alkalinization increased lysosomal pH and deactivated lysosomal activity,enabling HCPT to bypass protonation constraints.This enhancement markedly improved the anticancer efficacy of HCPT in resistant cells,providing an innovative approach to address drug resistance and advancing therapeutic technologies.展开更多
Ti(C,N)-Mo_(2)C-Ni cermet as alternative materials was explored for use in alkaline conditions,replacing the WC-Co cemented carbides,since Co is classified as a potentially carcinogenic substance and there is potentia...Ti(C,N)-Mo_(2)C-Ni cermet as alternative materials was explored for use in alkaline conditions,replacing the WC-Co cemented carbides,since Co is classified as a potentially carcinogenic substance and there is potential hazard of“hard metal disease”under the exposure to cobalt dust.The changes in microstructure,corrosion rate and volumetric loss rate of the two materials were compared under electrochemical corrosion and erosion-corrosion in alkaline environment.The results demonstrates that Ti(C,N)-Mo_(2)C-Ni cermet undergoes passivation when exposed to electrochemical corrosion of NaOH solution,resulting in a significant increase in oxygen content on the corroded surface.The corrosion rate of cermet is approximately one order of magnitude lower than that of the cemented carbide.Under the erosion-corrosion of an alkaline sand-water mixture,both the cermet and cemented carbide experience a gradual increase in volumetric loss rate with prolonging the erosion time.During erosion,the rim phase in cermet is fragile,so cracks easily penetrate it while the core phase remains intact.The medium-grained cemented carbide commonly demonstrates transgranular fracture mode,while in the fine-grained cemented carbide,cracks tend to propagate along phase boundaries.The erosive wear and damage caused by sand particles play a predominant role in the erosion-corrosion process of alkaline sand-water mixtures.This process represents an accelerated destructive phenomenon influenced and intensified by the combined effects of corrosion and erosion.It is confirmed that using cermet as an alternative anti-wear material to cemented carbides is feasible under alkaline conditions,and even better.展开更多
The design of cost-effective and efficient metal-free carbon-based catalysts for the hydrogen evolution reaction(HER)is of great significance for increasing the production of clean hydrogen by the electrolysis of alka...The design of cost-effective and efficient metal-free carbon-based catalysts for the hydrogen evolution reaction(HER)is of great significance for increasing the production of clean hydrogen by the electrolysis of alkaline water.Precise control of the electronic structure by heteroatom doping has proven to be efficient for increasing catalytic activity.Nevertheless,both the structural characteristics and the underlying mechanism are not well understood,especially for doping with two different atoms,thus limiting the use of these catalysts.We report the production of phosphorus and nitrogen co-doped hollow carbon nanospheres(HCNs)by the copolymerization of pyrrole and aniline at a Triton X-100 micelle-interface,followed by doping with phytic acid and carbonization.The unique pore structure and defect-rich framework of the HCNs expose numerous active sites.Crucially,the combined effect of graphitic nitrogen and phosphorus-carbon bonds modulate the local electronic structure of adjacent C atoms and facilitates electron transfer.As a res-ult,the HCN carbonized at 1100°C exhibited superior HER activity and an outstanding stability(70 h at a current density of 10 mA cm^(−2))in alkaline water,because of the large number of graphitic nitrogen and phosphorus-carbon bonds.展开更多
Available online Alkaline water electrolysis(AWE)is a prominent technique for obtaining a sustainable hydrogen source and effectively managing the energy infrastructure.Noble metal-based electrocatalysts,owing to thei...Available online Alkaline water electrolysis(AWE)is a prominent technique for obtaining a sustainable hydrogen source and effectively managing the energy infrastructure.Noble metal-based electrocatalysts,owing to their exceptional hydrogen binding energy,exhibit remarkable catalytic activity and long-term stability in the hydrogen evolution reaction(HER).However,the restricted accessibility and exorbitant cost of noble-metal materials pose obstacles to their extensive adoption in industrial contexts.This review investigates strategies aimed at reducing the dependence on noble-metal electrocatalysts and developing a cost-effective alkaline HER catalyst,while considering the principles of sustainable development.The initial discussion covers the fundamental principle of HER,followed by an overview of prevalent techniques for synthesizing catalysts based on noble metals,along with a thorough examination of recent advancements.The subsequent discussion focuses on the strategies employed to improve noble metalbased catalysts,including enhancing the intrinsic activity at active sites and increasing the quantity of active sites.Ultimately,this investigation concludes by examining the present state and future direction of research in the field of electrocatalysis for the HER.展开更多
Alkaline lacustrine shale is highly heterogeneous,and the complex relationship between the organicinorganic porosity network and hydrocarbon occurrence restricts the effectiveness of shale oil exploration and developm...Alkaline lacustrine shale is highly heterogeneous,and the complex relationship between the organicinorganic porosity network and hydrocarbon occurrence restricts the effectiveness of shale oil exploration and development.Herein,we investigated the Fengcheng Formation(P_(1)f)in Mahu Sag.This study integrated geochemistry,Soxhlet extraction,scanning electron microscopy,gas adsorption,and nuclear magnetic resonance T_(1)-T_(2)spectroscopy to elucidate the microscopic oil occurrence mechanisms in shales.Results indicate the presence of felsic shale,dolomitic shale,lime shale,and mixed shale within the P_(1)f.Matrix pores and microfractures associated with inorganic minerals are the predominant pore types in P_(1)f.Adsorbed oil primarily resides on the surfaces of organic matter and clay minerals,while free oil predominantly occupies inorganic pores and microfractures with larger pore sizes.Variations exist in the quantity and distribution of shale oil accumulation across different scales,where free oil and adsorbed oil are governed by dominant pores with diameters exceeding 10 nm and ineffective pores with diameters below 10 nm,respectively.Shale oil occurrence characteristics are influenced by organic matter,pore structure,and mineral composition.Felsic shale exhibits a high abundance of dominant pores,possesses the highest oil content,predominantly harbors free oil within these dominant pores,and demonstrates good mobility.Fluid occurrence in dolomitic shale and lime shale is intricate,with low oil content and a free oil to adsorbed oil ratio of 1:1.Mixed shale exhibits elevated clay mineral content and a scarcity of dominant pores.Moreover,ineffective pores contain increased bound water,resulting in medium oil content and limited mobility predominantly due to adsorption.Presently,shale oil mainly occurs in the dominant pores with a diameter larger than 10 nm in a free state.During the exploration and development of alkaline lacustrine shale oil resources,emphasis should be placed on identifying sweet spots within the felsic shale characterized by dominant pores.展开更多
This study investigates the innovative reuse of sewage sludge with eco-friendly alkaline solutes to improve clayey soil without conventional cementitious binders.The unconfined compressive strength(UCS)was the main cr...This study investigates the innovative reuse of sewage sludge with eco-friendly alkaline solutes to improve clayey soil without conventional cementitious binders.The unconfined compressive strength(UCS)was the main criterion to assess the quality and effectiveness of the proposed solutions,as this test was performed to measure the strength of the stabilized clay by varying binders’dosages and curing times.Moreover,the direct shear test(DST)was used to investigate the Mohr-Coulomb parameters of the treated soil.Microstructure observations of the natural and treated soil were conducted using scanning electron microscope(SEM),energy-dispersive spectroscopy(EDS),and FTIR.Furthermore,toxicity characteristic leaching procedure(TCLP)tests were performed on the treated soil to investigate the leachability of metals.According to the results,using 2.5%of sewage sludge activated by NaOH and Na_(2)SiO_(3)increases the UCS values from 176 kPa to 1.46 MPa after 7 d and 56 d of curing,respectively.The results of the DST indicate that sewage sludge as a precursor increases cohesion and enhances frictional resistance,thereby improving the Mohr-Coulomb parameters of the stabilized soil.The SEM micrographs show that alkali-activated sewage sludge increases the integrity and reduces the cavity volumes in the stabilized soil.Moreover,TCLP tests revealed that the solubility of metals in the treated soil alkaliactivated by sewage sludge significantly decreased.This study suggests that using sewage sludge can replace cement and lime in ground improvement,improve the circular economy,and reduce the carbon footprint of construction projects.展开更多
Establishing an energy-saving and affordable hydrogen production route from infinite seawater presents a promising strategy for achieving carbon neutrality and low-carbon development.Compared with the kinetically slug...Establishing an energy-saving and affordable hydrogen production route from infinite seawater presents a promising strategy for achieving carbon neutrality and low-carbon development.Compared with the kinetically sluggish oxygen evolution reaction(OER),the thermodynamically advantageous sulfion oxidation reaction(SOR)enables the S^(2-)pollutants recovery while reducing the energy input of water electrolysis.Here,a nanoporous NiMo alloy ligament(np-NiMo)with AlNi_(3)/Al_(5)Mo heterostructure was prepared for hydrogen evolution reaction(HER,-0.134V versus reversible hydrogen electrode(vs.RHE)at 50mA/cm^(2)),which needs an Al_(89)Ni_(10)Mo_(1)as a precursor and dealloying operation.Further,the np-NiMo alloy was thermal-treated with S powder to generate Mo-doped NiS_(2)(np-NiMo-S)for OER(1.544V vs.RHE at 50mA/cm^(2))and SOR(0.364 V vs.RHE at 50mA/cm^(2)),while still maintaining the nanostructuring advantages.Moreover,for a two-electrode electrolyzer system with np-NiMo cathode(1M KOH+seawater)coupling np-NiMo-S anode(1mol/L KOH+seawater+1 mol/L Na_(2)S),a remarkably ultra-low cell potential of 0.532 V is acquired at 50mA/cm^(2),which is about 1.015 V below that of normal alkaline seawater splitting.The theory calculations confirmed that the AlNi_(3)/Al_(5)Mo heterostructure within np-NiMo promotes H_(2)O dissociation for excellent HER,while the Mo-dopant of np-NiMo-S lowers energy barriers for the rate-determining step from^(*)S_(4)to^(*)S_(8).This work develops two kinds of NiMo alloy with tremendous prominence for achieving energy-efficient hydrogen production from alkaline seawater and sulfur recycling from sulfion-rich sewage.展开更多
基金the Program from Sahand University of Technology, Tabriz, Iran (No. 13940501)。
文摘The present investigation involves the separation of zinc and nickel from a sulfate solution using the acidic leaching of zinc plant residue after cadmium removal step as precursor(42.88 wt%Zn,8.50 wt%Cd and 2.33 wt%Ni).Separation of nickel from the solution was done by pouring it into a strong alkaline sodium hydroxide solution due to precipitation of nickel hydroxide and conversion of zinc to the soluble Zn(OH)_(4)^(2-)complex.Higher degrees of separation were reached by pouring more diluted solutions into the stronger alkaline media.To clear pursue of the process,design of experimental methodology was applied for experiments.Scrutinizing different washing steps on nickel-rich precipitates shows that the washing process decreases zinc content and thereby increases overall selectivity coefficient.Outcomes show that,at the optimized condition,Ni/Zn weight ratio in the solid product becomes about 104 times higher than the initial ratio in the initial feed solution and a nickel concentrate with 29.98 wt%Ni and 5.99 wt%Zn is achieved.At the same time,the chemical analysis of filtrate shows only 4.4 mg·L^(-1)Ni in the alkaline zinc solution,which means that over 99%nickel is recovered.The study on changes of zinc concentration with time shows that the process could be completed only after few minutes.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2022YFE0138900)the “Scientific and Technical Innovation Action Plan” Basic Research Field of Shanghai Science and Technology Committee (19JC1410500)。
文摘Ion-solvaing membranes(ISMs)have received extensive attention in recent years as a key component in electrochemical energy conversion and storage devices.This article provides an overview of structural composition,performance advan-tages,research progress,ion conduction mechanism and existing issues of ISMs,primarily classifying them according to the matrix structure.A detailed analysis of performance enhancement methods,key performance indicators of ISMs and performance influencing factors is also presented.The article contributes to further optimizing the design and application of ion-solvation membranes,providing theoretical support for the development of fields such as hydrogen production through electrolysis of water and electrochemical energy in the future.
基金This work was supported by Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais(FAPEMIG),Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Teenologico(CNPq),Instituto Nacional de Ciencia e Teenologia-Entomologia Molecular(INCT-EM),and Coordenacao de Aperfeicoamento de Pessoal de Nivel Superior(CAPES).
文摘The sand fly Lutzomyia longipalpis is the main vector of Leishmania infantum in the Americas.Female sand flies ingest sugar-rich solutions and blood,which are digested in the midgut.Digestion of nutrients is an essential function performed by digestive enzymes,which require appropriate physiological conditions.One of the main aspects that influence enzymatic activity is the gut pH,which must be tightly controlled.Considering second messengers are frequently involved in the coordination of tightly regulated physiological events,we investigated if the second messenger cAMP would participate in the process of alkalinization in the abdominal midgut of female L.longipalpis.In midguts containing the indicator dye bromothymol-blue,cAMP stimulated the alkalinization of the midgut lumen.Through another technique based on the use of fluorescein as a pH indicator,we propose that cAMP is involved in the alkalinization of the midgut by activating HCO3-transport from the enterocyte's cytoplasm to the lumen.The results strongly suggested that the carrier responsible for this process would be a HCO3−/Cl−antiporter located in the enterocytes’apical membrane.Hematophagy promotes the release of alkalinizing hormones in the hemolymph;however,when the enzyme adenylyl cyclase,responsible for cAMP production,was inhibited,we observed that the hemolymph from blood-fed L.longipalpis’females did not stimulate midgut alkalinization.This result indicated that hormone-stimulated alkalinization is mediated by cAMP.In the present study,we provide evidences that cAMP has a key role in the control of intestinal pH.
文摘Homret Ghannam alkali feldspar granite(HGAFG)in the central Eastern Desert(CED)of Egypt represents a distinctive example of late Neoproterozoic magmatism in the Arabian-Nubian Shield(ANS).This study integrates field observations,petrography,mineral chemistry(EMPA),and whole-rock geochemistry to investigate its petrogenesis,geodynamic evolution,and rare-metal potential.HGAFG comprises two cogenetic varieties,alkali feldspar granite and riebeckite-bearing granite,hosting rare-metal minerals such as zircon,fluorite,columbite and apatite.HGAFG exhibits diagnostic A-type geochemical characteristics,including high SiO₂contents(73.81-77.86 wt%),metaluminous to mildly peralkaline composition(ASI:0.92-1.03),enrichment in HFSE(Zr≈791.80 ppm,Nb≈68.12 ppm,Y≈90.81 ppm)andΣREE(103.40-475.57 ppm),and pronounced negative Eu anomalies(Eu/Eu^(*)=0.07-0.20).Zircon saturation thermometry yields high crystallization temperatures(TZr≈908.87℃)and low emplacement pressures(1.46 kbar)under reducing conditions(ƒO_(2)≈−11.5).The mineralogical and geochemical results reveal that HGAFG originated from a hybrid,fluorine-rich magma generated by anatexis of lower crust,followed by extensive fractional crystallization,during late post-collisional extension associated with lithospheric delamination.The reduced nature and fluorine enrichment of HGAFG magma promoted the mineralization of Nb-Ta-REE phases,highlighting its significance as a fertile,high-temperature product of the terminal magmatic stage in ANS evolution.
基金funding enabled and organized by CAUL and its Member Institutionsby COMSTEQ-TWAS research grant 2018(18-268 RG/EAS/AS_C)。
文摘Examining carbonate dissolution kinetics at mineral-water interface is crucial to understand numerous environmental and geochemical processes,including global carbon cycling,CO_(2)sequestration in deep geological reservoirs,and trace elements release in terrestrial and aquatic environments.Here we explored the effect of circumneutral to alkaline pH solutions(pH 6-11)on dissolution kinetics of pure dolomite and Ca and Mg release stoichiometry in flow-through reactor experiments at 25±1℃.Results revealed that the dolomite dissolution rates obtained from effluent Ca and Mg concentrations(R_(Ca)and R_(Mg)in mol/cm^(2)/s)were dependent on input solution pH and HCO_(3)^(-)log activity.The pH dependence of dissolution rates showed two distinct trends,i.e.,at circumneutral pH ranging between 6 and 8,the dissolution rate decreased with increasing pH,with minimum rate at pH 8.While in the highly alkaline pH range(pH 9-11),the dolomite dissolution rate increased with an increasing pH.Irrespective of the input pH,the dolomite dissolution rates indicated a reverse relationship with HCO_(3)^(-)log activity,with the lowest dissolution rate(R Ca=3.80×10^(-12)mol/cm^(2)/s)at pH 8 where HCO_(3)^(-)log activity attained the highest value(-3.957).The lower R Ca and R Mg obtained at pH 8 compared to all the other pH could possibly be attributed to an inhibition caused by high HCO_(3)^(-)log activity in solution at this pH.Dolomite dissolution rates were non-stoichiometric at all the experimental pH values,showing higher preferential Ca over Mg release(R_(Ca)>R_(Mg))whereas an opposite trend was observed at pH 8,with R_(Ca)<R_(Mg)at the steady state.Saturation index values calculated using geochemical speciation modelling were positive for Mg-bearing minerals(brucite,dolomite,artinite)at alkaline pH of 10-11,indicating favourable conditions for their precipitation under studied conditions.This study provides insights on the significance of log ion activities of HCO_(3)^(-)and Me-OH^(+)under varying pH for elucidating the dissolution mechanism of dolomite in circumneutral to alkaline aqueous environments.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Shanghai(No.24ZR1419600).
文摘Plant-related organic compound(PROC)may interact with redox-active metals like iron while they are present in soil or aquatic environment,but their effects on the photoreduction of Fe(III)remain largely unexplored.This study investigates the photochemical behavior of Fe(III)-PROC complexes using alkaline lignin(AL),betaine hydrochloride(BH),and phytic acid(PA)as representative proxies for PROC.The reductive agent AL demonstrated the ability to directly reduce Fe(III)to Fe(II).In contrast,BH,being unable to form strong complexes with Fe(III),was able to quench·OH,thereby resulting in a shift of the redox equilibrium towards Fe(II).PA exhibited a strong binding affinity for Fe(III),effectively inhibiting its photoreduction.Electron paramagnetic resonance(EPR)analysis,utilizing 5,5-dimethyl-1-pyrroline-N-oxide(DMPO)as a spin trap,revealed that the DMPO-OH signal detected in photolyzed Fe(III)-PROC solutions originated from various pathways.Specifically,uncomplexed Fe(III)in AL or BH solutions was shown to oxidize DMPO directly,leading to the formation of a false DMPO-OH adduct.The addition of ethanol to the photolyzed Fe(III)-AL and Fe(III)-BH systems resulted in the generation of the DMPO-CH(CH_(3))OH adduct,thereby confirming the presence of authentic·OH in these systems.The photolysis of the Fe(III)-PA complex may proceed via a photodissociation mechanism,where the resulting loosely bound Fe(III)can oxidize DMPO,followed by a nucleophilic attack from water.This research highlights the multifaceted roles of PROC in facilitating the redox cycling of iron within soil and aquatic ecosystems.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(2022YFA1503002,2022YFA1503003)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22271081)+2 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Heilongjiang Province(PL2024B017)the Postdoctoral Science Foundation of Heilongjiang Province(LBH-Z22240)the Heilongjiang University Excellent Youth Foundation。
文摘NiMo-based catalysts show significant potential for the hydrogen evolution reaction(HER).Optimizing the electronic structure and enhancing mass transfer are two critical factors for improving catalytic performance,but they remain significant challenges.Herein,we present a route for synthesizing two-dimensional(2D)porous Mo_(2)N-Ni heterojunction nanosheets with tuned Ni-Mo ratio for enhanced alkaline HER performance.A precursor can be easily synthesized by assembling polyoxometalate clusters(PMo_(12))with layered hydroxy oxides(Ni(OH)_(2)).It is found that the interaction between PMo_(12)and Ni(OH)_(2)can effectively protect the particles from significant agglomeration during pyrolysis,resulting in the formation of 2D porous sheets composed of small Mo_(2)N-Ni units.The transfer of electrons from Ni to Mo_(2)N results in the redistribution of electrons at the heterojunction,optimizing the adsorption and desorption of intermediates.Moreover,the 2D porous structure comprised of small particles enhances mass transfer,thereby reducing the impedance of the catalyst.Consequently,the catalyst with an optimized Mo/Ni ratio exhibits an overpotential of 19 mV at 10 mA cm^(-2),being comparable to that of commercial Pt/C catalyst.The anion exchange membrane(AEM)electrolyzer,consisting of optimized Mo_(2)N-Ni and NiFe-LDH,achieves a current density of 500 mA cm^(-2)at 1.80 V and can operate stably for 300 h.This assembly method offers an effective strategy for the large-scale preparation of efficient catalysts.
基金supported by Yunnan Major Scientific and Technological Projects(Grant No.202402AB080004)Yunnan Provincial Education Department Universities Serve Key Industry Science and Technology Projects(Grant No:FWCY-BSPY2024043)+1 种基金Top Innovative Talents for Graduate Students of KUST(Grant No:CA24163M116A)Analysis and Testing Fund of KUST(Grant No:2024P20233102006).The authors extend their gratitude to Mr.Kong Qingyuan from Scientific Compass(www.shiyanjia.com)for providing invaluable assistance with scientific research.
文摘The accumulation of refractory organics in Bayer liquor(pH 14.4)critically compromises aluminum production efficiency and product quality,necessitating sustainable remediation strategies.Herein,we develop an ultrasonic-driven catalytic ozonation system with dynamically reconstructed CuO/Cu2O heterointerfaces,achieving unprecedented efficiency in extreme alkaline wastewater treatment.Atomic-scale interface engineering endows the catalyst with hydrophilicity(contact angle:6.1°)and 3.8–4.3 times higher oxygen vacancy density compared to single-phase catalysts.These properties facilitate efficient interfacial interactions with Bayer liquor and enable superior ozone activation through synergistic Cu(I)/Cu(II)redox cycling across the heterointerface.This interfacial synergy reduces ozone adsorption energy from 5.46 eV(Cu_(2)O)to 1.48 eV,driving the generation of reactive oxygen species(ROS)via low-energy pathways.Under optimized conditions,the system achieves 57.82%TOC removal within 1.5 h with 2.3-fold faster kinetics than ozone–alone processes,while improving energy efficiency by 1.82–3.22 times per kWh over conventional thermal oxidation.Remarkable stability is demonstrated through 80.21%activity retention after 6 cycles,attributed to surface energy minimization(0.61 J m^(−2)),alongside 67.91%hydroxyl radical(•OH)-mediated degradation confirmed by quenching tests.In XPS,EEMs analysis,and ECOSAR modeling further elucidate the surface reconstruction mechanism and intermediate toxicity reduction.This work establishes an atomic interface design paradigm that bridges catalytic innovation with green metallurgy applications,offering a sustainable solution for industrial wastewater remediation aligned with circular economy principles.
基金funded by the projects of Tianjin North China Geological Exploration Bureau (HK2023–B01,HK2022–B08)China Geological Survey (DD20230576,DD20201152)。
文摘1.Objective Nigeria lies between the West African Craton and the Congo Craton,south of the Tuareg Shield(Ogunmola JK et al.,2015).The Nasarawa pegmatite field mainly comprises of the Precambrian Basement Complex(including Archean-Proterozoic migmatite,gneiss,schists and Pan-African “Older Granites”),Mesozoic alkaline ring complexes(“Younger Granites”) and sedimentary basins(Yang QD et al.,2023;Fig.1a).“Older Granites” are part of the Pan-African mobile belt;“Younger Granites” has significant peralkaline characteristics.“Younger Granites” has a wide distribution in the north-central region of Nigeria,including areas such as Kano,Jos-Bauchi,Mada,and Nasarawa,and the emplacement age gradually decreases from north to south from 213 Ma(Dutse complex) to 141 Ma(Afu complex)(Amuda AK et al.,2021).
文摘The large-scale application of water electrolysis for H_(2) production is hindered by the sluggish kinetics of the anodic oxygen evolution reaction(OER).To improve the efficiency of water electrolyzers,numerous efforts have been devoted to developing robust OER catalysts.Among them,Ni-based materials have been identified as state-of-the-art catalysts in alkaline conditions due to their high catalytic activity[1,2].During OER,these catalysts can undergo surface reconstruction and form(oxy)hydroxide species on the surface,which is the real active phase and its chemistry determines the OER performance[3].
基金financially supported by the Natural Science Research Start-up Foundation of Recruiting Talents of Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications(No.NY223016)Qinglan Project of Jiangsu Province of China2024 Nanjing Science and Technology Innovation Program(No.NJKCZYZZ2024-06)。
文摘With the in-depth implementation of sustainable development strategies,hydrogen energy as a clean energy source is receiving increasing attention[1,2].Among the various methods of hydrogen production,the electrocatalytic decomposition of abundant seawater into hydrogen utilizing renewable energy has emerged as a green and promising approach.However,natural seawater contains complex components,such as halide ions,which lead to the corrosion of catalysts or the occurrence of competitive side reactions during the electrolysis process[3].
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China (Grant No.2022YFA1403201)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos.12125404,T2495231,123B2049,and 12204138)+9 种基金the Advanced MaterialsNational Science and Technology Major Project (Grant No.2024ZD0607000)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province (Grant Nos.BK20233001 and BK20253009)the Jiangsu Funding Program for Excellent Postdoctoral Talent (Grant No.2024ZB002)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (Grant No.2025M773331)the Fundamental and Interdisciplinary Disciplines Breakthrough Plan of the Ministry of Education of Chinathe AI&AI for Science program of Nanjing UniversityArtificial Intelligence and Quantum physics (AIQ) program of Nanjing Universitythe Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universitiesthe Natural Science Foundation of Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications(Grant Nos.NY224165,NY220038,and NY219087)the Hua Li Talents Program of Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications。
文摘We report a theoretical investigation into superconductivity within the MAXH_(6) quaternary hydride system using first-principles calculations,where M and A denote alkali and alkaline earth elements,respectively,and X represents transition metal elements.Systematic analysis of electronic band structures,phonon dispersions,and electron-phonon coupling reveals that substitution of MA binary metal combinations and X metal atoms can create favorable conditions for superconductivity.Mapping of superconducting critical temperatures,combined with dynamical stability analysis through phonon calculations,identifies ten superconducting candidates at ambient pressure.Among these,LiNaAgH_(6) exhibits nearly-free-electron behavior reminiscent of monovalent electron superconductors.It demonstrates exceptional superconducting properties with electron–phonon coupling λ=2.707,which yields a superconducting transition temperature T_(c) of 206.4 K using the Allen–Dynes formula.Its structural analogs MgNaPdH_(6),LiMgPdH_(6),LiMgAgH_(6),LiMgAuH_(6) all exhibit superconducting transition temperatures above 110 K.These findings advance our fundamental understanding of superconductivity in quaternary hydrides and provide guidance for rational design of new high-temperature superconducting materials.
基金supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea grant funded by the Korea government(Grant Nos.NRF-2020R1A2C1007778 and RS-2024-00454908)。
文摘This study explores the broad-spectrum application of OsRALF26,a small secreted peptide belonging to the rapid alkalinization factor(RALF)family in rice.We found that the rice genome carries numerous lineage-specific OsRALFs,suggesting that this evolutionary expansion could be the result of an arms race with pathogens.Among them,we focused on the Oryza-specific Os RALF26 and its closest homolog,OsRALF27,analyzing their effects across a range of plant species from monocots to dicots.The exogenous application of OsRALF26 significantly reduced bacterial populations in rice challenged with Xanthomonas oryzae pv.oryzae(Xoo)and in Arabidopsis and tomato challenged with Pseudomonas syringae pv.tomato DC3000(Pst DC3000),whereas Os RALF27 did not enhance resistance.
基金supported by Young Elite Scientists Sponsorship Program by China Association for Science and Technology(No.CACM-2023-QNRC1–02)Shandong Province Key R&D Program(Major Technological Innovation Project)(No.2021CXGC010501)+6 种基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.22107059)Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province(No.ZR2021QH057)Program for Youth Innovation Technology in Colleges and Universities of Shandong Province of China(No.2021KJ035)Taishan Scholars Program(No.TSQN202211221)Shandong Science Fund for Excellent Young Scholars(No.ZR2022YQ66)Funded by Shandong Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.SDCX-ZG-202400084)the National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine Young Qihuang Scholar Project。
文摘Drug resistance poses a significant challenge to effective long-term treatment across various medical fields.This study proposed a feasible strategy to enhance lysosomal alkalinization by transporting mitochondria-targeting quaternary ammonium salts into lysosomes,creating a deprotonated environment.This environment allows drugs to bypass protonation issues in lysosomes,thereby reversing drug resistance and improving therapeutic efficacy.As a proof of concept,a quaternary ammonium salt-based pH indicator was developed,berberrubine(BRB),enhancing the action of the anticancer drug hydroxycamptothecin(HCPT)in resistant cells.BRB-induced alkalinization increased lysosomal pH and deactivated lysosomal activity,enabling HCPT to bypass protonation constraints.This enhancement markedly improved the anticancer efficacy of HCPT in resistant cells,providing an innovative approach to address drug resistance and advancing therapeutic technologies.
基金Chongqing Light Alloy Materials and Processing Engineering Technology Research Center Open Fund Project(GCZX201903)Yunnan Province Major Science and Technology Special Project Plan(202302AA310038)Sichuan University-Suining Municipal-University Cooperation Project(2023CDSN-12)。
文摘Ti(C,N)-Mo_(2)C-Ni cermet as alternative materials was explored for use in alkaline conditions,replacing the WC-Co cemented carbides,since Co is classified as a potentially carcinogenic substance and there is potential hazard of“hard metal disease”under the exposure to cobalt dust.The changes in microstructure,corrosion rate and volumetric loss rate of the two materials were compared under electrochemical corrosion and erosion-corrosion in alkaline environment.The results demonstrates that Ti(C,N)-Mo_(2)C-Ni cermet undergoes passivation when exposed to electrochemical corrosion of NaOH solution,resulting in a significant increase in oxygen content on the corroded surface.The corrosion rate of cermet is approximately one order of magnitude lower than that of the cemented carbide.Under the erosion-corrosion of an alkaline sand-water mixture,both the cermet and cemented carbide experience a gradual increase in volumetric loss rate with prolonging the erosion time.During erosion,the rim phase in cermet is fragile,so cracks easily penetrate it while the core phase remains intact.The medium-grained cemented carbide commonly demonstrates transgranular fracture mode,while in the fine-grained cemented carbide,cracks tend to propagate along phase boundaries.The erosive wear and damage caused by sand particles play a predominant role in the erosion-corrosion process of alkaline sand-water mixtures.This process represents an accelerated destructive phenomenon influenced and intensified by the combined effects of corrosion and erosion.It is confirmed that using cermet as an alternative anti-wear material to cemented carbides is feasible under alkaline conditions,and even better.
基金financially supported by the project of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52322203)the Key Research and Development Program of Shaanxi Province(2024GHZDXM-21)。
文摘The design of cost-effective and efficient metal-free carbon-based catalysts for the hydrogen evolution reaction(HER)is of great significance for increasing the production of clean hydrogen by the electrolysis of alkaline water.Precise control of the electronic structure by heteroatom doping has proven to be efficient for increasing catalytic activity.Nevertheless,both the structural characteristics and the underlying mechanism are not well understood,especially for doping with two different atoms,thus limiting the use of these catalysts.We report the production of phosphorus and nitrogen co-doped hollow carbon nanospheres(HCNs)by the copolymerization of pyrrole and aniline at a Triton X-100 micelle-interface,followed by doping with phytic acid and carbonization.The unique pore structure and defect-rich framework of the HCNs expose numerous active sites.Crucially,the combined effect of graphitic nitrogen and phosphorus-carbon bonds modulate the local electronic structure of adjacent C atoms and facilitates electron transfer.As a res-ult,the HCN carbonized at 1100°C exhibited superior HER activity and an outstanding stability(70 h at a current density of 10 mA cm^(−2))in alkaline water,because of the large number of graphitic nitrogen and phosphorus-carbon bonds.
基金financial support by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52102241)Doctor of Suzhou University Scientific Research Foundation(Nos.2022BSK019,2020BS015)+2 种基金the Primary Research and Development Program of Anhui Province(No.201904a05020087)the Natural Science Research Project in Universities of Anhui Province in China(Nos.2022AH051386,KJ2021A1114)the Foundation(No.GZKF202211)of State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking Qilu University of Technology。
文摘Available online Alkaline water electrolysis(AWE)is a prominent technique for obtaining a sustainable hydrogen source and effectively managing the energy infrastructure.Noble metal-based electrocatalysts,owing to their exceptional hydrogen binding energy,exhibit remarkable catalytic activity and long-term stability in the hydrogen evolution reaction(HER).However,the restricted accessibility and exorbitant cost of noble-metal materials pose obstacles to their extensive adoption in industrial contexts.This review investigates strategies aimed at reducing the dependence on noble-metal electrocatalysts and developing a cost-effective alkaline HER catalyst,while considering the principles of sustainable development.The initial discussion covers the fundamental principle of HER,followed by an overview of prevalent techniques for synthesizing catalysts based on noble metals,along with a thorough examination of recent advancements.The subsequent discussion focuses on the strategies employed to improve noble metalbased catalysts,including enhancing the intrinsic activity at active sites and increasing the quantity of active sites.Ultimately,this investigation concludes by examining the present state and future direction of research in the field of electrocatalysis for the HER.
基金financially supported by the State Key Laboratory of Shale Oil and Gas Enrichment Mechanisms and Efficient Development(33550000-22-ZC0613-0006)National Natural Science Foundation of China(42202133)+2 种基金CNPC Innovation Fund(2022DQ02-0106)Strategic Cooperation Technology Projects of the CNPC and CUPB(ZLZX2020-01-05)Key Laboratory of Tectonics and Petroleum Resources(China University of Geosciences),Ministry of Education,China(TPR-2023-05)。
文摘Alkaline lacustrine shale is highly heterogeneous,and the complex relationship between the organicinorganic porosity network and hydrocarbon occurrence restricts the effectiveness of shale oil exploration and development.Herein,we investigated the Fengcheng Formation(P_(1)f)in Mahu Sag.This study integrated geochemistry,Soxhlet extraction,scanning electron microscopy,gas adsorption,and nuclear magnetic resonance T_(1)-T_(2)spectroscopy to elucidate the microscopic oil occurrence mechanisms in shales.Results indicate the presence of felsic shale,dolomitic shale,lime shale,and mixed shale within the P_(1)f.Matrix pores and microfractures associated with inorganic minerals are the predominant pore types in P_(1)f.Adsorbed oil primarily resides on the surfaces of organic matter and clay minerals,while free oil predominantly occupies inorganic pores and microfractures with larger pore sizes.Variations exist in the quantity and distribution of shale oil accumulation across different scales,where free oil and adsorbed oil are governed by dominant pores with diameters exceeding 10 nm and ineffective pores with diameters below 10 nm,respectively.Shale oil occurrence characteristics are influenced by organic matter,pore structure,and mineral composition.Felsic shale exhibits a high abundance of dominant pores,possesses the highest oil content,predominantly harbors free oil within these dominant pores,and demonstrates good mobility.Fluid occurrence in dolomitic shale and lime shale is intricate,with low oil content and a free oil to adsorbed oil ratio of 1:1.Mixed shale exhibits elevated clay mineral content and a scarcity of dominant pores.Moreover,ineffective pores contain increased bound water,resulting in medium oil content and limited mobility predominantly due to adsorption.Presently,shale oil mainly occurs in the dominant pores with a diameter larger than 10 nm in a free state.During the exploration and development of alkaline lacustrine shale oil resources,emphasis should be placed on identifying sweet spots within the felsic shale characterized by dominant pores.
文摘This study investigates the innovative reuse of sewage sludge with eco-friendly alkaline solutes to improve clayey soil without conventional cementitious binders.The unconfined compressive strength(UCS)was the main criterion to assess the quality and effectiveness of the proposed solutions,as this test was performed to measure the strength of the stabilized clay by varying binders’dosages and curing times.Moreover,the direct shear test(DST)was used to investigate the Mohr-Coulomb parameters of the treated soil.Microstructure observations of the natural and treated soil were conducted using scanning electron microscope(SEM),energy-dispersive spectroscopy(EDS),and FTIR.Furthermore,toxicity characteristic leaching procedure(TCLP)tests were performed on the treated soil to investigate the leachability of metals.According to the results,using 2.5%of sewage sludge activated by NaOH and Na_(2)SiO_(3)increases the UCS values from 176 kPa to 1.46 MPa after 7 d and 56 d of curing,respectively.The results of the DST indicate that sewage sludge as a precursor increases cohesion and enhances frictional resistance,thereby improving the Mohr-Coulomb parameters of the stabilized soil.The SEM micrographs show that alkali-activated sewage sludge increases the integrity and reduces the cavity volumes in the stabilized soil.Moreover,TCLP tests revealed that the solubility of metals in the treated soil alkaliactivated by sewage sludge significantly decreased.This study suggests that using sewage sludge can replace cement and lime in ground improvement,improve the circular economy,and reduce the carbon footprint of construction projects.
基金financially supported by the Guangxi Natural Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars(No.2024GXNSFFA010008)the Natural Science Foundation of Jilin Province of China(No.20240101098JC)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.22469002)。
文摘Establishing an energy-saving and affordable hydrogen production route from infinite seawater presents a promising strategy for achieving carbon neutrality and low-carbon development.Compared with the kinetically sluggish oxygen evolution reaction(OER),the thermodynamically advantageous sulfion oxidation reaction(SOR)enables the S^(2-)pollutants recovery while reducing the energy input of water electrolysis.Here,a nanoporous NiMo alloy ligament(np-NiMo)with AlNi_(3)/Al_(5)Mo heterostructure was prepared for hydrogen evolution reaction(HER,-0.134V versus reversible hydrogen electrode(vs.RHE)at 50mA/cm^(2)),which needs an Al_(89)Ni_(10)Mo_(1)as a precursor and dealloying operation.Further,the np-NiMo alloy was thermal-treated with S powder to generate Mo-doped NiS_(2)(np-NiMo-S)for OER(1.544V vs.RHE at 50mA/cm^(2))and SOR(0.364 V vs.RHE at 50mA/cm^(2)),while still maintaining the nanostructuring advantages.Moreover,for a two-electrode electrolyzer system with np-NiMo cathode(1M KOH+seawater)coupling np-NiMo-S anode(1mol/L KOH+seawater+1 mol/L Na_(2)S),a remarkably ultra-low cell potential of 0.532 V is acquired at 50mA/cm^(2),which is about 1.015 V below that of normal alkaline seawater splitting.The theory calculations confirmed that the AlNi_(3)/Al_(5)Mo heterostructure within np-NiMo promotes H_(2)O dissociation for excellent HER,while the Mo-dopant of np-NiMo-S lowers energy barriers for the rate-determining step from^(*)S_(4)to^(*)S_(8).This work develops two kinds of NiMo alloy with tremendous prominence for achieving energy-efficient hydrogen production from alkaline seawater and sulfur recycling from sulfion-rich sewage.
