This paper deals with the problem of recreating horizontal alignments of existing railway lines.The main objective is to propose a simple method for automatically obtaining optimized recreated alignments located as cl...This paper deals with the problem of recreating horizontal alignments of existing railway lines.The main objective is to propose a simple method for automatically obtaining optimized recreated alignments located as close as possible to an existing one.Based on a previously defined geometric model,two different constrained optimization problems are formulated.The first problem uses only the information provided by a set of points representing the track centerline while the second one also considers additional data about the existing alignment.The proposed methodology consists of a two-stage process in which both problems are solved consecutively using numerical techniques.The main results obtained applying this methodology are presented to show its performance and to prove its practical usefulness:an academic example used to compare with other methods,and a case study of a railway section located in Parga(Spain)in which the geometry of its horizontal alignment is successfully recovered.展开更多
The quasiclassical trajectory method is used to study the vector correlations of the reactions Ca＋RBr （R=CH3, C2H5 and n-C3H7Br） and the rotational alignment of product CaBr. The product rotational alignment parame...The quasiclassical trajectory method is used to study the vector correlations of the reactions Ca＋RBr （R=CH3, C2H5 and n-C3H7Br） and the rotational alignment of product CaBr. The product rotational alignment parameters at different collision energies and the vector correlations between the reagent and product are numerically calculated. The vector correlations are described by using the angle distribution functions P（θr）, P（φr）, P（θr, φr） and the polarization-dependent differential cross sections （PDDCSs）. The peak values of P（θr） of the product CaBr from Ca＋CH3Br are larger than those from Ca＋C2H5Br and Ca＋n-C3H7Br. The peak of P（θr） at φr= 3π/2 is apparently stronger than that at φr= x/2 for the three reactions Ca＋RBr. The calculation results show that the rotational angular momentum of the product CaBr is not only aligned, but also oriented along the direction which is perpendicular to the scattering plane.The product CaBr molecules are strongly scattered forward. The orientation and alignment of the product angular momentum will affect the scattering direction of the product molecules to varying degrees.展开更多
A new liquid crystalline polyacetylene containing a phenyl benzoate mesogen (5) is synthesized,whose mesomorphic properties are found to be easily 'tunab1e' by simple mechanical perturbation. Thepolymerization...A new liquid crystalline polyacetylene containing a phenyl benzoate mesogen (5) is synthesized,whose mesomorphic properties are found to be easily 'tunab1e' by simple mechanical perturbation. Thepolymerization of 10- [ 4 - (4' -methoxyphenoxycarbonyl )phenoxycarbonyl] - 1 -decyne (4 ) in itiated by theWCl_6-Ph_4Sn/dioxane complex yields polymer 5 with a M_w of 28400. The molecular structure of 5 ischaracterized by NMR, IR, and UV spectroscopy and its liquid crystalline behavior is investigated by DSC,POM, and XRD analysis. Upon mechanical perturbation, 5 exhibits unusual agitation-induced high-strengthdisclinations, shear-induced inversion walls, and solidification-induced banded textures. Such phenomenahave been observed in the main-chain liquid crystalline polymers with rigid backbones, but have seldom beenreported for the side-chain liquid crystalline polymers with flexible backbones, suggesting that the rigidpolyacetylene backbone of 5 plays a constructive role in inducing the novel molecular alignments.展开更多
Creating a multi-gene alignment matrix for phylogenetic analysis using organelle genomes involves aligning single-gene datasets manually,a process that can be time-consuming and prone to errors.The HomBlocks pipeline ...Creating a multi-gene alignment matrix for phylogenetic analysis using organelle genomes involves aligning single-gene datasets manually,a process that can be time-consuming and prone to errors.The HomBlocks pipeline has been created to eliminate the inaccuracies arising from manual operations.The processing of a large number of sequences,however,remains a time-consuming task.To conquer this challenge,we develop a speedy and efficient method called Organelle Genomes for Phylogenetic Analysis(ORPA).ORPA can quickly generate multiple sequence alignments for whole-genome comparisons by parsing the result files of NCBI BLAST,completing the task just in 1 min.With increasing data volume,the efficiency of ORPA is even more pronounced,over 300 times faster than HomBlocks in aligning 60 high-plant chloroplast genomes.The phylogenetic tree outputs from ORPA are equivalent to HomBlocks,indicating its outstanding efficiency.Due to its speed and accuracy,ORPA can identify species-level evolutionary conflicts,providing valuable insights into evolutionary cognition.展开更多
Aligned spaces generalize topological spaces and generate Higgs spaces. We give a necessary and sufficient condition for a finite aligned space to be a topological space, we prove the existence of two kinds of convex ...Aligned spaces generalize topological spaces and generate Higgs spaces. We give a necessary and sufficient condition for a finite aligned space to be a topological space, we prove the existence of two kinds of convex geometries, and we compare several concepts and results for arbitrary （that is, not necessarily finite） aligned, topological and Higgs spaces.展开更多
Quasi-classical trajectory calculations of the title reactions H ＋ C1F （v = 0-5, j = 0, 3,6, 9） -＋ HCl ＋ F and H ＋ C1F （v = 0-5, j =0, 3, 6, 9） → HF ＋ C1 at Erel = 0.5 kcal/mol-20 kcal/mol on ground potentia...Quasi-classical trajectory calculations of the title reactions H ＋ C1F （v = 0-5, j = 0, 3,6, 9） -＋ HCl ＋ F and H ＋ C1F （v = 0-5, j =0, 3, 6, 9） → HF ＋ C1 at Erel = 0.5 kcal/mol-20 kcal/mol on ground potential energy surface DHTSN of 1 2AI [M. E Deskevich, M. Y. Hayes, K. Takahashi, R. T. Skodje and D. J. Nesbitt, J. Chem. Phys. 124, 224303 （2006）] are performed. Potential energy surfaces derived from DHTSN for the title reactions are obtained, and compared with that of DHTSN for the reaction F ＋ HC1 -＋ HF ＋ C1. Both potential energy surfaces have an early barrier pattern. Integral cross sections and alignments of product molecules HC1 and HF dependent on the internal energy states v and j of reactant molecule C1F are obtained and compared. Translational, vibrational, and rotational energy specific translational enhancements of the reactant molecule CIF of the title reactions are found. Reaction mechanisms of the title reactions according to the respective potential energy contours are further found and explained. Reasons of simultaneous translational and vibrational enhancements are clarified.展开更多
Loose phrase extraction method is proposed and applied for phrase-based statistical ma- chine translation. The method extracts phrase pairs that are not strictly consistent with word align- ments. Two types of constra...Loose phrase extraction method is proposed and applied for phrase-based statistical ma- chine translation. The method extracts phrase pairs that are not strictly consistent with word align- ments. Two types of constraints on word positions are investigated for this method. Furthermore, n-best alignments are introduced for phrase extraction instead of the one-best. Experimental results show that the proposed approach outperforms the baseline system, Pharaoh system, for both one-best and n-best alignments.展开更多
Given the enhanced channel capacity of wave chirality,acoustic communications based on the orbital angular momentum(OAM)of acoustic-vortex(AV)beams are of significant interest for underwater data transmissions.However...Given the enhanced channel capacity of wave chirality,acoustic communications based on the orbital angular momentum(OAM)of acoustic-vortex(AV)beams are of significant interest for underwater data transmissions.However,the stringent beam alignment is required for the coaxial arrangement of transceiver arrays to ensure the accuracy and reliability of OAM decoding.To avoid the required multiple measurements of the traditional orthogonality based algorithm,the beam alignment algorithm based on the OAM spectrum decomposition is proposed for AV communications by using simplified ring-arrays.Numerical studies of the single-OAM and OAM-multiplexed AV beams show that the error of the OAM spectrum increases with the translation distance and the deflection angle of the transceiver arrays.To achieve an ideal arrangement,two methods of the single-array translation alignment and the dual-array deflection alignment are developed based on the least standard deviation of the OAM spectrum(SD-OAM).By decreasing the SD-OAM towards zero using transceiver arrays of 16 transmitters and 16 receivers,accurate beam alignments are accomplished by multiple adjustments in three dimensions.The proposed method is also demonstrated by experimental measurements of the OAM dispersion and the SD-OAM for misaligned beams.The results demonstrate the feasibility of the rapid beam alignment based on the OAM spectrum decomposition by using simplified transceiver ring-arrays,and suggest more application potentials for acoustic communications.展开更多
The global spin alignment of vector mesons has been observed by the STAR collaboration at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider(RHIC)at Brookhaven National Laboratory(BNL).It provides a unique opportunity to probe the c...The global spin alignment of vector mesons has been observed by the STAR collaboration at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider(RHIC)at Brookhaven National Laboratory(BNL).It provides a unique opportunity to probe the correlation between the po-larized quark and antiquark in the strongly coupled quark-gluon plasma(sQGP)produced in relativistic heavy ion collisions,opening a new window to explore the properties of sQGP.In addition,spin alignments of vector mesons have also been observed in other high-energy particle collisions such as e^(+)e^(−)annihilations at high energies where hadron production is dominated by quark fragmentation mechanism.The results obtained are quite different from those obtained in heavy ion collisions where quark coalescence/combination mechanism dominates suggesting strong dependence on hadronization mechanisms.So comprehensive studies in different hadronization processes are needed.In this article,we present a brief review of theoretical and experimen-tal advances in the study of vector meson’s spin alignments in a variety of high-energy particle collisions,with emphasis on hadronization mechanisms.展开更多
Total-Routhian-Surface calculations have been performed to investigate the deformation and alignment properties of the No isotopes. It is found that normal deformed and superdeformed states in these nuclei can coexist...Total-Routhian-Surface calculations have been performed to investigate the deformation and alignment properties of the No isotopes. It is found that normal deformed and superdeformed states in these nuclei can coexist at low excitation energies. In neutron-deficient No isotopes, the superdeformed shapes can even become the ground states. Moreover, we plotted the kinematic moments of inertia of the No isotopes, which follow very nicely available experimental data. It is noted that, as the rotational frequency increases, alignments develop at hω = 0.2- 0.3 MeV. Our calculations show that the occupation of the νj15/2 orbital plays an important role in the alignments of the No isotopes.展开更多
BACKGROUND In an era leaning toward a personalized alignment of total knee arthroplasty,coronal plane alignment of the knee(CPAK)phenotypes for each population are studied;furthermore,other possible variables affectin...BACKGROUND In an era leaning toward a personalized alignment of total knee arthroplasty,coronal plane alignment of the knee(CPAK)phenotypes for each population are studied;furthermore,other possible variables affecting the alignment,such as ankle joint alignment,should be considered.AIM To determine CPAK distribution in the North African(Egyptian)population with knee osteoarthritis and to assess ankle joint line orientation(AJLO)adaptations across different CPAK types.METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted on patients with primary knee osteoarthritis and normal ankle joints.Radiographic parameters included the mechanical lateral distal femoral angle,medial proximal tibial angle,and the derived calculations of joint line obliquity(JLO)and arithmetic hip-knee-ankle angle(aHKA).The tibial plafond horizontal angle(TPHA)was used for AJLO assessment,where 0°is neutral(type N),<0°is varus(type A),and>0°is valgus(type B).The nine CPAK types were further divided into 27 subtypes after incorporating the three AJLO types.RESULTS A total of 527 patients(1054 knees)were included for CPAK classification,and 435 patients(870 knees and ankles)for AJLO assessment.The mean age was 57.2±7.8 years,with 79.5%females.Most knees(76.4%)demonstrated varus alignment(mean aHKA was-5.51°±4.84°)and apex distal JLO(55.3%)(mean JLO was 176.43°±4.53°).CPAK types I(44.3%),IV(28.6%),and II(10%)were the most common.Regarding AJLO,70.2%of ankles exhibited varus orientation(mean TPHA was-5.21°±6.45°).The most frequent combined subtypes were CPAK type I-A(33.7%),IV-A(21.5%),and I-N(6.9%).A significant positive correlation was found between the TPHA and aHKA(r=0.40,P<0.001).CONCLUSION In this North African cohort,varus knee alignment with apex distal JLO and varus AJLO predominated.CPAK types I,IV,and II were the most common types,while subtypes I-A,IV-A,and I-N were commonly occurring after incorporating AJLO types;furthermore,the AJLO was significantly correlated to aHKA.展开更多
Multiple sequence alignments are successfully applied in many studies for understanding the structural and functional relations among single nucleic acids and protein sequences as well as whole families. Because of th...Multiple sequence alignments are successfully applied in many studies for understanding the structural and functional relations among single nucleic acids and protein sequences as well as whole families. Because of the rapid growth of sequence databases, multiple sequence alignments can often be very large and difficult to visualize and analyze. We offer a new service aimed to visualize and analyze the multiple alignments obtained with different external algorithms, with new features useful for the comparison of the aligned sequences as well as for the creation of a final image of the alignment. The service is named FASMA and is available at http： / /bioinformatica.isa.cnr.it /FASMA /.展开更多
Spin alignments of vector mesons and hyperons in relativistic heavy-ion collisions have been proposed as signals of global polarization.The STAR experiment first observed the ∧ polarization.Recently,the ALICE collabo...Spin alignments of vector mesons and hyperons in relativistic heavy-ion collisions have been proposed as signals of global polarization.The STAR experiment first observed the ∧ polarization.Recently,the ALICE collaboration measured the transverse momentum {PT) and the collision centrality dependence of K*,and Φ spin alignments during Pb-Pb collisions at 1/2sNN=2.76 TeV.A large signal is observed in the low pT region of mid-central collisions for K*,while the signal is much smaller for Φ,and these have not been understood yet.Since vector mesons have different lifetimes and their decay products have different scattering cross sections,they suffer from different hadronic effects.In this paper,we study the effect of hadronic interactions on the spin alignment of K*,Φ,and p mesons in relativistic heavy-ion collisions with a multi-phase transport model.We find that hadronic scatterings lead to a deviation of the observed spin alignment matrix element p00 away from the true value for p and K*mesons(with a bigger effect on p) while the effect is negligible for the Φ meson.The effect depends on the kinematic acceptance:the observed p00 value is lower than the true value when the pseudorapidity(η) coverage is small,while there is little effect when the η coverage is large.Hence,this study provides valuable information to understand the vector meson spin alignment signals observed during the experiments.展开更多
We consider two DNA sequences and compare both sequences. One of the crucial issues in bioinformatics is to measure the similarity of two DNA sequences. To this purpose one has to consider different alignments between...We consider two DNA sequences and compare both sequences. One of the crucial issues in bioinformatics is to measure the similarity of two DNA sequences. To this purpose one has to consider different alignments between both sequences. The number of alignments grows very rapidly with the length of the sequences. In this paper we give exact, explicit and computable formulas for the number of different possible alignments and for some classes of reduced alignments. We provide a new insight into the theory of DNA sequence alignment.展开更多
Autografting is the gold standard for surgical repair of nerve defects>5 mm in length;however,autografting is associated with potential complications at the nerve donor site.As an alternative,nerve guidance conduit...Autografting is the gold standard for surgical repair of nerve defects>5 mm in length;however,autografting is associated with potential complications at the nerve donor site.As an alternative,nerve guidance conduits may be used.The ideal conduit should be flexible,resistant to kinks and lumen collapse,and provide physical cues to guide nerve regeneration.We designed a novel flexible conduit using electrospinning technology to create fibers on the innermost surface of the nerve guidance conduit and employed melt spinning to align them.Subsequently,we prepared disordered electrospun fibers outside the aligned fibers and helical melt-spun fibers on the outer wall of the electrospun fiber lumen.The presence of aligned fibers on the inner surface can promote the extension of nerve cells along the fibers.The helical melt-spun fibers on the outer surface can enhance resistance to kinking and compression and provide stability.Our novel conduit promoted nerve regeneration and functional recovery in a rat sciatic nerve defect model,suggesting that it has potential for clinical use in human nerve injuries.展开更多
Clear aligner treatment is a novel technique in current orthodontic practice.Distinct from traditional fixed orthodontic appliances,clear aligners have different material features and biomechanical characteristics and...Clear aligner treatment is a novel technique in current orthodontic practice.Distinct from traditional fixed orthodontic appliances,clear aligners have different material features and biomechanical characteristics and treatment efficiencies,presenting new clinical challenges.Therefore,a comprehensive and systematic description of the key clinical aspects of clear aligner treatment is essential to enhance treatment efficacy and facilitate the advancement and wide adoption of this new technique.This expert consensus discusses case selection and grading of treatment difficulty,principle of clear aligner therapy,clinical procedures and potential complications,which are crucial to the clinical success of clear aligner treatment.展开更多
Through strategies such as process optimization,solvent selection,and component tuning,the crystallization of perovskite materials has been effectively controlled,enabling perovskite solar cells(PSCs)to achieve over 2...Through strategies such as process optimization,solvent selection,and component tuning,the crystallization of perovskite materials has been effectively controlled,enabling perovskite solar cells(PSCs)to achieve over 25%power conversion efficiency(PCE).However,as PCE continues to improve,interfacial issues within the devices have emerged as critical bottlenecks,hindering further performance enhancements.Recently,interfacial engineering has driven transformative progress,pushing PCEs to nearly 27%.Building upon these developments,this review first summarizes the pivotal role of interfacial modifications in elevating device performance and then,as a starting point,provides a comprehensive overview of recent advancements in normal,inverted,and tandem structure devices.Finally,based on the current progress of PSCs,preliminary perspectives on future directions are presented.展开更多
A polarization-sensitive and flexible photodetector was fabricated through the precise alignment of perovskite nanowires(NWs)using a brush coating technique.The alignment of the NWs was meticulously examined,consideri...A polarization-sensitive and flexible photodetector was fabricated through the precise alignment of perovskite nanowires(NWs)using a brush coating technique.The alignment of the NWs was meticulously examined,considering various chemical properties of the solvent,such as boiling point,viscosity,and surface tension.Notably,when the NWs were brush-coated with toluene dispersion,the NWs were aligned in higher order than those processed from octane dispersion.The degree of alignment was correlated with the photodetector property.Especially,the well-aligned NW photodetector exhibited a two-fold disparity in current response contingent on the polarization direction.Furthermore,even after enduring 500 bending cycles,the device retained 80%of its photodetector performance.This approach underscores the potential of solution-processed flexible photodetectors for advanced optical applications under dynamic operating conditions.展开更多
Nanocrystals have emerged as cutting-edge functional materials benefiting from the increased surface and enhanced coupling of electronic states.High-resolution imaging in transmission electron microscope can provide i...Nanocrystals have emerged as cutting-edge functional materials benefiting from the increased surface and enhanced coupling of electronic states.High-resolution imaging in transmission electron microscope can provide invaluable structural information of crystalline materials,albeit it remains greatly challenging to nanocrystals due to the arduousness of accurate zone axis adjustment.Herein,a homemade software package,called SmartAxis,is developed for rapid yet accurate zone axis alignment of nanocrystals.Incident electron beam tilt is employed as an eccentric goniometer to measure the angular deviation of a crystal to a zone axis,and then serves as a linkage to calculate theαandβtilts of goniometer based on an accurate quantitative relationship.In this way,high-resolution imaging of one identical small Au nanocrystal,as well as electron beam-sensitive MIL-101 metal-organic framework crystals,along multiple zone axes,was performed successfully by using this accurate,time-and electron dose-saving zone axis alignment software package.展开更多
基金founded by project TED2021129324B-I00 of the Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación(Spain)and NextGenerationEU(European Union)the Collaboration Agreement between Consellería de Educación,Formación Profesional e Universidades(Xunta de Galicia,Spain)and Universidade de Santiago de Compostela(Spain)which regulates the Specialization Campus Campus Terra under Grant number 2022-PU014support given by Xunta de Galicia(Spain)by means of the research projects 2023 GPC GI-2084 ED431B2023/17 and GRC GI-1563-ED431C 2021/15,respectively.
文摘This paper deals with the problem of recreating horizontal alignments of existing railway lines.The main objective is to propose a simple method for automatically obtaining optimized recreated alignments located as close as possible to an existing one.Based on a previously defined geometric model,two different constrained optimization problems are formulated.The first problem uses only the information provided by a set of points representing the track centerline while the second one also considers additional data about the existing alignment.The proposed methodology consists of a two-stage process in which both problems are solved consecutively using numerical techniques.The main results obtained applying this methodology are presented to show its performance and to prove its practical usefulness:an academic example used to compare with other methods,and a case study of a railway section located in Parga(Spain)in which the geometry of its horizontal alignment is successfully recovered.
基金This work is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China （No.10374012）.
文摘The quasiclassical trajectory method is used to study the vector correlations of the reactions Ca＋RBr （R=CH3, C2H5 and n-C3H7Br） and the rotational alignment of product CaBr. The product rotational alignment parameters at different collision energies and the vector correlations between the reagent and product are numerically calculated. The vector correlations are described by using the angle distribution functions P（θr）, P（φr）, P（θr, φr） and the polarization-dependent differential cross sections （PDDCSs）. The peak values of P（θr） of the product CaBr from Ca＋CH3Br are larger than those from Ca＋C2H5Br and Ca＋n-C3H7Br. The peak of P（θr） at φr= 3π/2 is apparently stronger than that at φr= x/2 for the three reactions Ca＋RBr. The calculation results show that the rotational angular momentum of the product CaBr is not only aligned, but also oriented along the direction which is perpendicular to the scattering plane.The product CaBr molecules are strongly scattered forward. The orientation and alignment of the product angular momentum will affect the scattering direction of the product molecules to varying degrees.
基金This project was in part supported by the Hong Kong Research Grants Council(HKUST597/95P&6149/97P)
文摘A new liquid crystalline polyacetylene containing a phenyl benzoate mesogen (5) is synthesized,whose mesomorphic properties are found to be easily 'tunab1e' by simple mechanical perturbation. Thepolymerization of 10- [ 4 - (4' -methoxyphenoxycarbonyl )phenoxycarbonyl] - 1 -decyne (4 ) in itiated by theWCl_6-Ph_4Sn/dioxane complex yields polymer 5 with a M_w of 28400. The molecular structure of 5 ischaracterized by NMR, IR, and UV spectroscopy and its liquid crystalline behavior is investigated by DSC,POM, and XRD analysis. Upon mechanical perturbation, 5 exhibits unusual agitation-induced high-strengthdisclinations, shear-induced inversion walls, and solidification-induced banded textures. Such phenomenahave been observed in the main-chain liquid crystalline polymers with rigid backbones, but have seldom beenreported for the side-chain liquid crystalline polymers with flexible backbones, suggesting that the rigidpolyacetylene backbone of 5 plays a constructive role in inducing the novel molecular alignments.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(2018YFA0903200)Science Technology and Innovation Commission of Shenzhen Municipality of China(ZDSYS 20200811142605017)It was also supported by Innovation Program of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences and the Elite Young Scientists Program of CAAS.
文摘Creating a multi-gene alignment matrix for phylogenetic analysis using organelle genomes involves aligning single-gene datasets manually,a process that can be time-consuming and prone to errors.The HomBlocks pipeline has been created to eliminate the inaccuracies arising from manual operations.The processing of a large number of sequences,however,remains a time-consuming task.To conquer this challenge,we develop a speedy and efficient method called Organelle Genomes for Phylogenetic Analysis(ORPA).ORPA can quickly generate multiple sequence alignments for whole-genome comparisons by parsing the result files of NCBI BLAST,completing the task just in 1 min.With increasing data volume,the efficiency of ORPA is even more pronounced,over 300 times faster than HomBlocks in aligning 60 high-plant chloroplast genomes.The phylogenetic tree outputs from ORPA are equivalent to HomBlocks,indicating its outstanding efficiency.Due to its speed and accuracy,ORPA can identify species-level evolutionary conflicts,providing valuable insights into evolutionary cognition.
文摘Aligned spaces generalize topological spaces and generate Higgs spaces. We give a necessary and sufficient condition for a finite aligned space to be a topological space, we prove the existence of two kinds of convex geometries, and we compare several concepts and results for arbitrary （that is, not necessarily finite） aligned, topological and Higgs spaces.
基金Project supported by the State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics,Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics,Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant No.2012-1101-1)and Victor Basic Research Laboratory e.V.in Bielefeld,Germany
文摘Quasi-classical trajectory calculations of the title reactions H ＋ C1F （v = 0-5, j = 0, 3,6, 9） -＋ HCl ＋ F and H ＋ C1F （v = 0-5, j =0, 3, 6, 9） → HF ＋ C1 at Erel = 0.5 kcal/mol-20 kcal/mol on ground potential energy surface DHTSN of 1 2AI [M. E Deskevich, M. Y. Hayes, K. Takahashi, R. T. Skodje and D. J. Nesbitt, J. Chem. Phys. 124, 224303 （2006）] are performed. Potential energy surfaces derived from DHTSN for the title reactions are obtained, and compared with that of DHTSN for the reaction F ＋ HC1 -＋ HF ＋ C1. Both potential energy surfaces have an early barrier pattern. Integral cross sections and alignments of product molecules HC1 and HF dependent on the internal energy states v and j of reactant molecule C1F are obtained and compared. Translational, vibrational, and rotational energy specific translational enhancements of the reactant molecule CIF of the title reactions are found. Reaction mechanisms of the title reactions according to the respective potential energy contours are further found and explained. Reasons of simultaneous translational and vibrational enhancements are clarified.
基金the High Technology Research and Develop-ment Program of China (No.2004AA117010-08).
文摘Loose phrase extraction method is proposed and applied for phrase-based statistical ma- chine translation. The method extracts phrase pairs that are not strictly consistent with word align- ments. Two types of constraints on word positions are investigated for this method. Furthermore, n-best alignments are introduced for phrase extraction instead of the one-best. Experimental results show that the proposed approach outperforms the baseline system, Pharaoh system, for both one-best and n-best alignments.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.11934009,11974187,and 12174198)
文摘Given the enhanced channel capacity of wave chirality,acoustic communications based on the orbital angular momentum(OAM)of acoustic-vortex(AV)beams are of significant interest for underwater data transmissions.However,the stringent beam alignment is required for the coaxial arrangement of transceiver arrays to ensure the accuracy and reliability of OAM decoding.To avoid the required multiple measurements of the traditional orthogonality based algorithm,the beam alignment algorithm based on the OAM spectrum decomposition is proposed for AV communications by using simplified ring-arrays.Numerical studies of the single-OAM and OAM-multiplexed AV beams show that the error of the OAM spectrum increases with the translation distance and the deflection angle of the transceiver arrays.To achieve an ideal arrangement,two methods of the single-array translation alignment and the dual-array deflection alignment are developed based on the least standard deviation of the OAM spectrum(SD-OAM).By decreasing the SD-OAM towards zero using transceiver arrays of 16 transmitters and 16 receivers,accurate beam alignments are accomplished by multiple adjustments in three dimensions.The proposed method is also demonstrated by experimental measurements of the OAM dispersion and the SD-OAM for misaligned beams.The results demonstrate the feasibility of the rapid beam alignment based on the OAM spectrum decomposition by using simplified transceiver ring-arrays,and suggest more application potentials for acoustic communications.
基金supported in part by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2022YFA1604900)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.12025501,11890710,11890713,11890714,12147101,and 12135011)+1 种基金the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS)(Grant No.XDB34030102)the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province。
文摘The global spin alignment of vector mesons has been observed by the STAR collaboration at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider(RHIC)at Brookhaven National Laboratory(BNL).It provides a unique opportunity to probe the correlation between the po-larized quark and antiquark in the strongly coupled quark-gluon plasma(sQGP)produced in relativistic heavy ion collisions,opening a new window to explore the properties of sQGP.In addition,spin alignments of vector mesons have also been observed in other high-energy particle collisions such as e^(+)e^(−)annihilations at high energies where hadron production is dominated by quark fragmentation mechanism.The results obtained are quite different from those obtained in heavy ion collisions where quark coalescence/combination mechanism dominates suggesting strong dependence on hadronization mechanisms.So comprehensive studies in different hadronization processes are needed.In this article,we present a brief review of theoretical and experimen-tal advances in the study of vector meson’s spin alignments in a variety of high-energy particle collisions,with emphasis on hadronization mechanisms.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (10735010, 10525520)Chinese Major State Basic Research Development Program (2007CB815000)
文摘Total-Routhian-Surface calculations have been performed to investigate the deformation and alignment properties of the No isotopes. It is found that normal deformed and superdeformed states in these nuclei can coexist at low excitation energies. In neutron-deficient No isotopes, the superdeformed shapes can even become the ground states. Moreover, we plotted the kinematic moments of inertia of the No isotopes, which follow very nicely available experimental data. It is noted that, as the rotational frequency increases, alignments develop at hω = 0.2- 0.3 MeV. Our calculations show that the occupation of the νj15/2 orbital plays an important role in the alignments of the No isotopes.
基金approved by Institutional Review Board of Faculty of Medicine in Assiut University,No.04-2024-300470.
文摘BACKGROUND In an era leaning toward a personalized alignment of total knee arthroplasty,coronal plane alignment of the knee(CPAK)phenotypes for each population are studied;furthermore,other possible variables affecting the alignment,such as ankle joint alignment,should be considered.AIM To determine CPAK distribution in the North African(Egyptian)population with knee osteoarthritis and to assess ankle joint line orientation(AJLO)adaptations across different CPAK types.METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted on patients with primary knee osteoarthritis and normal ankle joints.Radiographic parameters included the mechanical lateral distal femoral angle,medial proximal tibial angle,and the derived calculations of joint line obliquity(JLO)and arithmetic hip-knee-ankle angle(aHKA).The tibial plafond horizontal angle(TPHA)was used for AJLO assessment,where 0°is neutral(type N),<0°is varus(type A),and>0°is valgus(type B).The nine CPAK types were further divided into 27 subtypes after incorporating the three AJLO types.RESULTS A total of 527 patients(1054 knees)were included for CPAK classification,and 435 patients(870 knees and ankles)for AJLO assessment.The mean age was 57.2±7.8 years,with 79.5%females.Most knees(76.4%)demonstrated varus alignment(mean aHKA was-5.51°±4.84°)and apex distal JLO(55.3%)(mean JLO was 176.43°±4.53°).CPAK types I(44.3%),IV(28.6%),and II(10%)were the most common.Regarding AJLO,70.2%of ankles exhibited varus orientation(mean TPHA was-5.21°±6.45°).The most frequent combined subtypes were CPAK type I-A(33.7%),IV-A(21.5%),and I-N(6.9%).A significant positive correlation was found between the TPHA and aHKA(r=0.40,P<0.001).CONCLUSION In this North African cohort,varus knee alignment with apex distal JLO and varus AJLO predominated.CPAK types I,IV,and II were the most common types,while subtypes I-A,IV-A,and I-N were commonly occurring after incorporating AJLO types;furthermore,the AJLO was significantly correlated to aHKA.
文摘Multiple sequence alignments are successfully applied in many studies for understanding the structural and functional relations among single nucleic acids and protein sequences as well as whole families. Because of the rapid growth of sequence databases, multiple sequence alignments can often be very large and difficult to visualize and analyze. We offer a new service aimed to visualize and analyze the multiple alignments obtained with different external algorithms, with new features useful for the comparison of the aligned sequences as well as for the creation of a final image of the alignment. The service is named FASMA and is available at http： / /bioinformatica.isa.cnr.it /FASMA /.
基金the Strategic Priority Research Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences(XDB34030000)the Guangdong Major Project of Basic and Applied Basic Research(2020B0301030008)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(12025501,11890710,11890714,11775288)。
文摘Spin alignments of vector mesons and hyperons in relativistic heavy-ion collisions have been proposed as signals of global polarization.The STAR experiment first observed the ∧ polarization.Recently,the ALICE collaboration measured the transverse momentum {PT) and the collision centrality dependence of K*,and Φ spin alignments during Pb-Pb collisions at 1/2sNN=2.76 TeV.A large signal is observed in the low pT region of mid-central collisions for K*,while the signal is much smaller for Φ,and these have not been understood yet.Since vector mesons have different lifetimes and their decay products have different scattering cross sections,they suffer from different hadronic effects.In this paper,we study the effect of hadronic interactions on the spin alignment of K*,Φ,and p mesons in relativistic heavy-ion collisions with a multi-phase transport model.We find that hadronic scatterings lead to a deviation of the observed spin alignment matrix element p00 away from the true value for p and K*mesons(with a bigger effect on p) while the effect is negligible for the Φ meson.The effect depends on the kinematic acceptance:the observed p00 value is lower than the true value when the pseudorapidity(η) coverage is small,while there is little effect when the η coverage is large.Hence,this study provides valuable information to understand the vector meson spin alignment signals observed during the experiments.
文摘We consider two DNA sequences and compare both sequences. One of the crucial issues in bioinformatics is to measure the similarity of two DNA sequences. To this purpose one has to consider different alignments between both sequences. The number of alignments grows very rapidly with the length of the sequences. In this paper we give exact, explicit and computable formulas for the number of different possible alignments and for some classes of reduced alignments. We provide a new insight into the theory of DNA sequence alignment.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.82202718the Natural Science Foundation of Beijing,No.L212050the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation,Nos.2019M664007,2021T140793(all to ZL)。
文摘Autografting is the gold standard for surgical repair of nerve defects>5 mm in length;however,autografting is associated with potential complications at the nerve donor site.As an alternative,nerve guidance conduits may be used.The ideal conduit should be flexible,resistant to kinks and lumen collapse,and provide physical cues to guide nerve regeneration.We designed a novel flexible conduit using electrospinning technology to create fibers on the innermost surface of the nerve guidance conduit and employed melt spinning to align them.Subsequently,we prepared disordered electrospun fibers outside the aligned fibers and helical melt-spun fibers on the outer wall of the electrospun fiber lumen.The presence of aligned fibers on the inner surface can promote the extension of nerve cells along the fibers.The helical melt-spun fibers on the outer surface can enhance resistance to kinking and compression and provide stability.Our novel conduit promoted nerve regeneration and functional recovery in a rat sciatic nerve defect model,suggesting that it has potential for clinical use in human nerve injuries.
文摘Clear aligner treatment is a novel technique in current orthodontic practice.Distinct from traditional fixed orthodontic appliances,clear aligners have different material features and biomechanical characteristics and treatment efficiencies,presenting new clinical challenges.Therefore,a comprehensive and systematic description of the key clinical aspects of clear aligner treatment is essential to enhance treatment efficacy and facilitate the advancement and wide adoption of this new technique.This expert consensus discusses case selection and grading of treatment difficulty,principle of clear aligner therapy,clinical procedures and potential complications,which are crucial to the clinical success of clear aligner treatment.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(52302229,62404072)the Key Lab of Modern Optical Technologies of Education Ministry of China,Soochow University(KJS2425)+1 种基金Doctoral Foundation of Henan Polytech-nic University(B2024-72)Science and Technology Research Project of Jiangxi Provincial Department of Education(Grant No.GJJ2400702).
文摘Through strategies such as process optimization,solvent selection,and component tuning,the crystallization of perovskite materials has been effectively controlled,enabling perovskite solar cells(PSCs)to achieve over 25%power conversion efficiency(PCE).However,as PCE continues to improve,interfacial issues within the devices have emerged as critical bottlenecks,hindering further performance enhancements.Recently,interfacial engineering has driven transformative progress,pushing PCEs to nearly 27%.Building upon these developments,this review first summarizes the pivotal role of interfacial modifications in elevating device performance and then,as a starting point,provides a comprehensive overview of recent advancements in normal,inverted,and tandem structure devices.Finally,based on the current progress of PSCs,preliminary perspectives on future directions are presented.
基金supported by a Commercialization Promotion Agency for R&D Outcomes(COMPA)Grant funded by the Korean Government(Ministry of Science and ICT)(No.RS-2023-00304743)the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF)Grant funded by the Korean Government(MSIT)(No.2022M3J7A1066428)"Regional Innovation Strategy(RIS)"through the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF)funded by the Ministry of Education(MOE)(No.2023RIS-008).
文摘A polarization-sensitive and flexible photodetector was fabricated through the precise alignment of perovskite nanowires(NWs)using a brush coating technique.The alignment of the NWs was meticulously examined,considering various chemical properties of the solvent,such as boiling point,viscosity,and surface tension.Notably,when the NWs were brush-coated with toluene dispersion,the NWs were aligned in higher order than those processed from octane dispersion.The degree of alignment was correlated with the photodetector property.Especially,the well-aligned NW photodetector exhibited a two-fold disparity in current response contingent on the polarization direction.Furthermore,even after enduring 500 bending cycles,the device retained 80%of its photodetector performance.This approach underscores the potential of solution-processed flexible photodetectors for advanced optical applications under dynamic operating conditions.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2021YFA1501002)Thousand Talents Program for Distinguished Young Scholars.X.Li thanks the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.22309021).
文摘Nanocrystals have emerged as cutting-edge functional materials benefiting from the increased surface and enhanced coupling of electronic states.High-resolution imaging in transmission electron microscope can provide invaluable structural information of crystalline materials,albeit it remains greatly challenging to nanocrystals due to the arduousness of accurate zone axis adjustment.Herein,a homemade software package,called SmartAxis,is developed for rapid yet accurate zone axis alignment of nanocrystals.Incident electron beam tilt is employed as an eccentric goniometer to measure the angular deviation of a crystal to a zone axis,and then serves as a linkage to calculate theαandβtilts of goniometer based on an accurate quantitative relationship.In this way,high-resolution imaging of one identical small Au nanocrystal,as well as electron beam-sensitive MIL-101 metal-organic framework crystals,along multiple zone axes,was performed successfully by using this accurate,time-and electron dose-saving zone axis alignment software package.
