Clear aligner treatment is a novel technique in current orthodontic practice.Distinct from traditional fixed orthodontic appliances,clear aligners have different material features and biomechanical characteristics and...Clear aligner treatment is a novel technique in current orthodontic practice.Distinct from traditional fixed orthodontic appliances,clear aligners have different material features and biomechanical characteristics and treatment efficiencies,presenting new clinical challenges.Therefore,a comprehensive and systematic description of the key clinical aspects of clear aligner treatment is essential to enhance treatment efficacy and facilitate the advancement and wide adoption of this new technique.This expert consensus discusses case selection and grading of treatment difficulty,principle of clear aligner therapy,clinical procedures and potential complications,which are crucial to the clinical success of clear aligner treatment.展开更多
The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the colour stabilities of three types of orthodontic clear aligners exposed to staining agents in vitro. Sixty clear orthodontic aligners produced by three manufacture...The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the colour stabilities of three types of orthodontic clear aligners exposed to staining agents in vitro. Sixty clear orthodontic aligners produced by three manufacturers （Invisalign, Angelalign, and Smartee） were immersed in three staining solutions （coffee, black tea, and red wine） and one control solution （distilled water）. After 12-h and 7-day immersions, the aligners were washed in an ultrasonic cleaner and measured with a colourimeter. The colour changes （△E＊） were calculated on the basis of the Commission Internationale de I＇Eclairage L＊a＊b＊ colour system （CIE L＊a＊b＊）, and the results were then converted into National Bureau of Standards （NBS） units. Fourier transformation infrared （FT-IR） spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy （SEM） were conducted to observe the molecular and morphologic alterations to the aligner surfaces, respectively. The three types of aligners exhibited slight colour changes after 12 h of staining, with the exception of the Invisalign aligners stained with coffee. The Invisalign aligners exhibited significantly higher AE＊ values （ranging from 0.30 to 27.81） than those of the Angelalign and Smartee aligners （AE＊ values ranging from 0.33 to 1.89 and 0.32 to 1.61, respectively, P〈O.05）. IFT-IR analysis confirmed that the polymer-based structure of aligners did not exhibit significant chemical differences before and after the immersions. The SEM results revealed different surface alterations to the three types of aligner materials after the 7-day staining. The three types of aesthetic orthodontic appliances exhibited colour stability after the 12-h immersion, with the exception of the Invisalign aligners stained by coffee. The Invisalign aligners were more prone than the Angelalign and Smartee aligners to pigmentation. Aligner materials may be improved by considering aesthetic colour stability properties.展开更多
Maxillary protrusion combined with mandibular retraction is a highly prevalent but extremely complex maxillofacial deformity that can have a serious negative impact on patients’facial aesthetics and mental health.The...Maxillary protrusion combined with mandibular retraction is a highly prevalent but extremely complex maxillofacial deformity that can have a serious negative impact on patients’facial aesthetics and mental health.The traditional orthodontic treatment strategy often involves extracting 4 first premolars and conventional fixed techniques,combined with mini-implant screws,to retract the anterior teeth and improve facial protrusion.In recent years,an invisible orthodontic technique,without brackets,has become increasingly popular.However,while an invisible aligner has been used in some cases with reasonable results,there remain significant challenges in achieving a perfect outcome.This case report presents an adolescent patient with bimaxillary protrusion and mandibular retrognathia.Based on the characteristics of the invisible aligners and the growth characteristics of the adolescent’s teeth and jawbone,we designed precise three-dimensional tooth movement and corresponding resistance/over-correction for each tooth,while utilizing the patient’s jawbone growth potential to promote rapid development of the mandible,accurately and efficiently correcting bimaxillary protrusion and skeletal mandibular retrognathia.The patient’s facial aesthetics,especially the lateral morphology,have been greatly improved,and various aesthetic indicators have also shown significant changes,and to the patient’s great benefit,invasive mini-implant screws were not used during the treatment.This case highlights the advantages of using invisible aligners in adolescent maxillary protrusion combined with mandibular retraction patients.Furthermore,comprehensive and accurate design combined with good application of growth potential can also enable invisible orthodontic technology to achieve perfect treatment effects in tooth extractions,providing clinical guidance for orthodontists.展开更多
This study was aimed at analysing the mechanical characteristics of different mandibular extraction modes using a clear aligner.Three experimental schemes of different extraction patterns were designed to treat mandib...This study was aimed at analysing the mechanical characteristics of different mandibular extraction modes using a clear aligner.Three experimental schemes of different extraction patterns were designed to treat mandibular crowding,including extraction of one mandibular central incisor,bilateral first premolars,and bilateral second premolars.The stress distribution during the space closing was analysed using the finite element method.When a central incisor was extracted,a significant retraction force was found in the anterior region,in line with the design expectation.The posterior teeth,which were designed to move mesially,acted as anchorage for anterior retraction,and were subjected to a mesial force.The anterior teeth were retracted when the bilateral first premolars were extracted.The lateral incisors and canines were subjected to a significant distal force and moment,while the central incisors and canines were subjected to lingual forces and moments.Additionally,the canines were subjected to a non-designated intruding force.The molars were designed to move mesially when the bilateral second premolars were extracted.All molars were subjected to a significant mesial force,while the lingual force on the front teeth was slight.The bilateral second molars were subjected to non-design mesial moment and extrusive force.The bilateral first molars were subjected to a non-designated mesial moment,and the bilateral first premolars on both sides were subjected to non-designated intrusive force and distal moment.When one incisor was extracted,attachments on the anterior teeth had a controlling effect on the tooth axis,but the anterior teeth still tended to tilt.When the bilateral first premolars were extracted,the anterior teeth showed a tendency for lingual inclination.The risk of distal inclination of the canines and lingual inclination of the central incisor increased.When the bilateral second premolars were extracted and the posterior teeth were designed to move mesially,the teeth on both sides of the extraction sites showed an obvious bowing effect.展开更多
Advancements in next-generation sequencer(NGS)platforms have improved NGS sequence data production and reduced the cost involved,which has resulted in the production of a large amount of genome data.The downstream ana...Advancements in next-generation sequencer(NGS)platforms have improved NGS sequence data production and reduced the cost involved,which has resulted in the production of a large amount of genome data.The downstream analysis of multiple associated sequences has become a bottleneck for the growing genomic data due to storage and space utilization issues in the domain of bioinformatics.The traditional string-matching algorithms are efficient for small sized data sequences and cannot process large amounts of data for downstream analysis.This study proposes a novel bit-parallelism algorithm called BitmapAligner to overcome the issues faced due to a large number of sequences and to improve the speed and quality of multiple sequence alignment(MSA).The input files(sequences)tested over BitmapAligner can be easily managed and organized using the Hadoop distributed file system.The proposed aligner converts the test file(the whole genome sequence)into binaries of an equal length of the sequence,line by line,before the sequence alignment processing.The Hadoop distributed file system splits the larger files into blocks,based on a defined block size,which is 128 MB by default.BitmapAligner can accurately process the sequence alignment using the bitmask approach on large-scale sequences after sorting the data.The experimental results indicate that BitmapAligner operates in real time,with a large number of sequences.Moreover,BitmapAligner achieves the exact start and end positions of the pattern sequence to test the MSA application in the whole genome query sequence.The MSA’s accuracy is verified by the bitmask indexing property of the bit-parallelism extended shifts(BXS)algorithm.The dynamic and exact approach of the BXS algorithm is implemented through the MapReduce function of Apache Hadoop.Conversely,the traditional seeds-and-extend approach faces the risk of errors while identifying the pattern sequences’positions.Moreover,the proposed model resolves the largescale data challenges that are covered through MapReduce in the Hadoop framework.Hive,Yarn,HBase,Cassandra,and many other pertinent flavors are to be used in the future for data structuring and annotations on the top layer of Hadoop since Hadoop is primarily used for data organization and handles text documents.展开更多
Many sequence mapping tools for next-generation sequencing(NGS)have emerged over the past decades,but most are inefficient in mapping large-scale sequencing NGS data on high-performance servers.This paper proposes a n...Many sequence mapping tools for next-generation sequencing(NGS)have emerged over the past decades,but most are inefficient in mapping large-scale sequencing NGS data on high-performance servers.This paper proposes a novel and ultra-fast mapping algorithm,ScalableAligner(SA),designed for mapping short reads on multi-core servers.We optimize map-ping logic by combining Divide&Conquer strategy,BWT-FM index,and auxiliary hash table to accelerate mapping while keeping mapping precision.We optimize software implementation with lock-free queues,lock-free thread pools,reclaimed memory blocks,separate read-write threads,and asynchronous IO to improve thread,memory,and IO bandwidth utilization.Comparative experiments with Kart,Bowtie2,Hisat2,BWA-MEM2,and Accel-Align show that SA achieves the fastest mapping speed while maintaining high sensitivity and accuracy on multiple datasets,with a speed improvement of 22-50%compared to other mapping algorithms.Meanwhile,SA maintains high-precision alignment at the fastest speed under a high mismatch rate.SA does not involve hardware and instruction set acceleration to run on different hardware platforms robustly while achieving higher thread scalability and better overall performance in multi-threaded environments.展开更多
The malalignment of teeth is treated classically by metal braces with alloy wires,which has an unfavorable influence on the patients appearance during the treatment.With the development of digitization,computer simula...The malalignment of teeth is treated classically by metal braces with alloy wires,which has an unfavorable influence on the patients appearance during the treatment.With the development of digitization,computer simulation and three-dimensional(3D)printing technology,herein,a modern treatment was tried using clear polymeric aligners,which were fabricated by molding polyurethane films via thermoforming on the 3D-printed personalized dental models.The key parameters of photocurable 3D printing of dental models and the mechanical properties of the clear aligner film material were examined.The precision of a 3D-printed dental model mainly relied on characteristics of photocurable resin,the resolution of light source and the exposure condition,which determined the eventual shape of the molded clear aligner and thus the orthodontic treatment efficacy.The biocompatibility of the polyurethane filmmaterial was confirmed through cytotoxicity and hemolysis tests in vitro.Following a series of 3D-printed personalized dental models and finite element analysis to predict and plan the fabrication and orthodontic processes,corresponding clear aligners were fabricated and applied in animal experiments,which proved the efficacy and biocompatibility in vivo.Clinical treatments of 120 orthodontic cases were finally carried out with success,which highlights the advantage of the clear aligners as an esthetic,compatible and efficient appliance.展开更多
Rapid technological improvements in biomaterials,computer-aided design(CAD)and manufacturing(CAM)have endorsed clear aligner therapy(CAT)as a mainstay of orthodontic treatment,and the materials employed for aligner fa...Rapid technological improvements in biomaterials,computer-aided design(CAD)and manufacturing(CAM)have endorsed clear aligner therapy(CAT)as a mainstay of orthodontic treatment,and the materials employed for aligner fabrication play an all-important role in determining the clinical performance of clear aligners.This narrative review has attempted to comprehensively encompass the entire gamut of materials currently used for the fabrication of clear aligners and elucidate their characteristics that are crucial in determining their performance in an oral environment.Historical developments and current protocols in aligner fabrication,features of contemporary bioactive materials,and emerging trends related to CAT are discussed.Advances in aligner material chemistry and engineering possess the potential to bring about radical transformations in the therapeutic applications of CAT;in the absence of which,clear aligners would continue to underperform clinically,due to their inherent biomechanical constraints.Finally,while innovations in aligner materials such as shape memory polymers,direct three-dimensional(3D)printed clear aligners and bioactive materials combined with clear aligner materials are essential to further advance the applications of CAT;increased awareness of environmental responsibilities among aligner manufacturers,aligner prescribing clinicians and aligner users is essential for better alignment of our climate change goals towards a sustainable planet.展开更多
This study aimed to explore the optimal invisible orthodontic force system during the en-mass distalization of two maxillary molars to minimize the side effect of anchorage loss by changing the direction of the applic...This study aimed to explore the optimal invisible orthodontic force system during the en-mass distalization of two maxillary molars to minimize the side effect of anchorage loss by changing the direction of the application of the orthodontic force system.A high bio-fidelity 3D finite element model including maxilla,periodontal ligament,dentition,clear aligner,3D anchorage attachment and mini-implant was established.Different lengths of lateral hooks of 3D-printed anchorage attachments and mini-implant positions into the palatal alveolus were considered.A 200 g distal force was applied to the lateral hooks of different horizontal lengths(3.26 mm,6.52 mm and 9.78 mm)with the mini-implant as the application point.Using ABAQUS software,orthodontic tooth movements under 12 different clinical treatment designs were analyzed and calculated.The 3D anchorage attachment enhanced the anchorage of anterior teeth and alleviated the tipping/extrusion of premolars.In contrast to without clear aligners,length of the lateral hook had a negligible effect on both mesial tipping and buccal tipping with clear aligners,which could then be ignored.The change in mesial tipping was less and nearly remained constant despite of the different heights of the mini-implant.The 3D anchorage attachment assisted clear aligner can avoid the side effects of anterior tooth proclination caused by insufficient anchorage.The length of the lateral hook,and height of the mini-implant in this invisible orthodontic force system hardly affects the tooth movement of anchorage units.Clear aligners can effectively control the rotation and tipping of anchorage units caused by 3D anchorage attachment.展开更多
BACKGROUND In an era leaning toward a personalized alignment of total knee arthroplasty,coronal plane alignment of the knee(CPAK)phenotypes for each population are studied;furthermore,other possible variables affectin...BACKGROUND In an era leaning toward a personalized alignment of total knee arthroplasty,coronal plane alignment of the knee(CPAK)phenotypes for each population are studied;furthermore,other possible variables affecting the alignment,such as ankle joint alignment,should be considered.AIM To determine CPAK distribution in the North African(Egyptian)population with knee osteoarthritis and to assess ankle joint line orientation(AJLO)adaptations across different CPAK types.METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted on patients with primary knee osteoarthritis and normal ankle joints.Radiographic parameters included the mechanical lateral distal femoral angle,medial proximal tibial angle,and the derived calculations of joint line obliquity(JLO)and arithmetic hip-knee-ankle angle(aHKA).The tibial plafond horizontal angle(TPHA)was used for AJLO assessment,where 0°is neutral(type N),<0°is varus(type A),and>0°is valgus(type B).The nine CPAK types were further divided into 27 subtypes after incorporating the three AJLO types.RESULTS A total of 527 patients(1054 knees)were included for CPAK classification,and 435 patients(870 knees and ankles)for AJLO assessment.The mean age was 57.2±7.8 years,with 79.5%females.Most knees(76.4%)demonstrated varus alignment(mean aHKA was-5.51°±4.84°)and apex distal JLO(55.3%)(mean JLO was 176.43°±4.53°).CPAK types I(44.3%),IV(28.6%),and II(10%)were the most common.Regarding AJLO,70.2%of ankles exhibited varus orientation(mean TPHA was-5.21°±6.45°).The most frequent combined subtypes were CPAK type I-A(33.7%),IV-A(21.5%),and I-N(6.9%).A significant positive correlation was found between the TPHA and aHKA(r=0.40,P<0.001).CONCLUSION In this North African cohort,varus knee alignment with apex distal JLO and varus AJLO predominated.CPAK types I,IV,and II were the most common types,while subtypes I-A,IV-A,and I-N were commonly occurring after incorporating AJLO types;furthermore,the AJLO was significantly correlated to aHKA.展开更多
With the increasing demand for beauty and health,clear aligners(CAs)have been widely applied among patients with malocclusion.However,patients treated with CAs also face some potential complications,such as deminerali...With the increasing demand for beauty and health,clear aligners(CAs)have been widely applied among patients with malocclusion.However,patients treated with CAs also face some potential complications,such as demineralization,dental caries,and periodontal diseases.In addition,some patients have additional needs to improve their quality of life,such as bleaching teeth.In order to prevent or solve these problems,the modification of CAs is a promising method because their extensive long-term contact with tooth surfaces makes them ideal devices for implementing adjuvant medical functions.In this review,we discuss various advanced CAs with medical functions based on the clinical needs of patients.As far as we know,the additional functions of CAs mainly include antibacterial,remineralization,whitening,and accelerating tooth movement.These functions are achieved by two major pathways,the combination of CAs with drugs/biomaterials and increasing the capacity or affinity of drugs.In addition,we discuss the current limitations of in vitro experiments which are designed to explore the effectiveness and properties of novel CAs,and the challenges of bringing a multifunctional appliance from proposal to clinical application.At the end of this review,we provide insights into the broader prospects for the improvement of CAs.展开更多
In this study,we present the development of a cryobioink designed to fabricate anisotropic scaffolds that support both neural and muscle cell-alignment.Given the critical role of cellular organization in nerve fibers ...In this study,we present the development of a cryobioink designed to fabricate anisotropic scaffolds that support both neural and muscle cell-alignment.Given the critical role of cellular organization in nerve fibers and neuromuscular junctions,we employed a vertical cryobioprinting-enabled ice-templating technique to create scaffolds with aligned microchannels.These channels facilitated cell-alignment,which is important in modeling neural and neuromuscular tissues.By integrating hyaluronic acid-methacrylate(HAMA)with gelatin methacryloyl and the necessary cryoprotective agent melezitose,we showcased that the cryobioink could preserve cell viability during freezing/thawing processes,even at low temperatures employed during cryobioprinting.We optimized HAMA concentration to enhance neural cell viability and alignment,and successfully constructed anisotropic scaffolds featuring distinct sections that contained muscle and neural cells,establishing a model for neuromuscular junctions.The resulting models provide a versatile platform for studying nerve fibers and neuromuscular dysfunctions,offering potential advancements in neural regeneration research.展开更多
Delay Alignment Modulation(DAM)is an innovative broadband modulation technique well-suited for millimeter Wave(mm Wave)and Terahertz(THz)massive Multiple-Input Multiple-Output(MIMO)communication systems.Leveraging the...Delay Alignment Modulation(DAM)is an innovative broadband modulation technique well-suited for millimeter Wave(mm Wave)and Terahertz(THz)massive Multiple-Input Multiple-Output(MIMO)communication systems.Leveraging the high spatial resolution and sparsity of multi-path channels,DAM effectively mitigates Inter-Symbol Interference(ISI)by aligning all multi-path components through a combination of delay pre-compensation(or post-compensation)and path-based beamforming.As such,ISI is eliminated while preserving multi-path power gains.In this paper,we investigate multi-user double-side DAM,which incorporates both delay pre-compensation at the transmitter and post-compensation at the receiver,in contrast to prior works that primarily focus on singleside DAM with only delay pre-compensation.Firstly,we derive the constraint on the number of introduced delays and formulate the corresponding delay pre/post-compensation vectors tailored for multi-user double-side DAM,given a specific number of delay compensations.Furthermore,we demonstrate that when the number of Base Stations(BSs)/User Equipment(UE)antennas is sufficiently large,single-side DAM—where delay compensation is performed only at the BS/UE—is preferable to double-side DAM,since the former results in less ISI to be spatially eliminated.Next,we propose two low-complexity path-based beamforming strategies based on the eigen-beamforming transmission and ISI-Zero Forcing(ZF),respectively.On this basis,we further analyze the achievable sum rates.Simulation results verify that with a sufficiently large number of BS/UE antennas,singleside DAM is adequate for ISI elimination.Moreover,compared to the benchmarking scheme of Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing(OFDM),multi-user BS-side DAM achieves higher spectral efficiency and lower Peak-to-Average Power Ratio(PAPR).展开更多
Surface passivation via two-dimensional(2D)perovskite has emerged as a promising strategy to enhance the performance of perovskite solar cells(PSCs)due to the effective compensation of interfacial states.However,the i...Surface passivation via two-dimensional(2D)perovskite has emerged as a promising strategy to enhance the performance of perovskite solar cells(PSCs)due to the effective compensation of interfacial states.However,the in situ grown 2D perovskite passivation layers typically comprise a mixture of multiple dimensionalities at the interface,where band alignment has only been portrayed qualitatively and empirically.Herein,the interface states for precisely phase-tailored 2D perovskite passivated PSCs are quantitatively investigated.In comparison to traditional passivation molecules,2D perovskite layers based on 4-trifluoromethyl-phenylethylammonium iodide(CF3PEAI)exhibit an increased work function,introducing desirable downward band bending to eliminate the Schottky Barrier.Furthermore,precisely phase-tailored 2D layers could modulate the interface trap density and energetics.The n=1 film delivers optimal performance with a hole extraction efficiency of 95.1%.The optimized n-i-p PSCs in the two-step method significantly improve PCE to 25.40%,along with enhanced photostability and negligible hysteresis.It highlights that tailoring in the composition and phase distribution of the 2D perovskite layer could modulate the interface states at the 2D/3D interface.展开更多
The high-quality assembly of Large Aircraft Components(LACs)is essential in modern aviation manufacturing.Numerical control locators are employed for the posture adjustment of LAC,yet the system's multi-input mult...The high-quality assembly of Large Aircraft Components(LACs)is essential in modern aviation manufacturing.Numerical control locators are employed for the posture adjustment of LAC,yet the system's multi-input multi-output,nonlinearity,and strong coupling presents significant challenges.The substantial internal force generated during the adjustment process can potentially damage the LAC and degrade the assembly quality.Hence,a workspace-based hybrid force position control scheme was developed to achieve high quality assembly with high-precision and lower internal force.Firstly,an offline workspace analysis with inherent geometric characteristics to form time-varying posture error constraint.Then,the posture error is integrated into the online position axis control to ensure tracking the ideal posture,while the force control axis compensates for posture deviation by minimizing internal force,thereby achieving high precision and low internal force.Finally,the effectiveness was demonstrated through experiments.The root mean square errors of orientation and position are 104 rad and 0.1 mm,respectively.A reduction in internal force can range from 10.96%to 57.4%compared to the traditional method.Key points'max position error is decreased from 0.32 mm to 0.18 mm,satisfying the 0.5 mm tolerance.Therefore,the proposed method will help promote the development of high-performance manufacturing.展开更多
Root rot is a prevalent soil-borne fungal disease in citrus.Citron C-05(Citrus medica)stands out as a germplasm within Citrus spp.due to its complete resistance to citrus canker and favorable characteristics such as s...Root rot is a prevalent soil-borne fungal disease in citrus.Citron C-05(Citrus medica)stands out as a germplasm within Citrus spp.due to its complete resistance to citrus canker and favorable characteristics such as single embryo and easy rooting.However,Citron C-05 was found to be highly susceptible to root rot during cultivation,with the specific pathogens previously unknown.In this study,four candidate fungal species were isolated from Citron C-05 roots.Sequence analysis of ITS,EF-1a,RPB1,and RPB2 identified two Fusarium solani strains,Rr-2 and Rr-4,as the candidates causing root rot in Citron C-05.Resistance tests showed these two pathogens increased root damage rate from 10.30%to 35.69%in Citron C-05,sour orange(Citrus aurantium),sweet orange(Citrus sinensis)and pummelo(Citrus grandis).F.solani exhibited the weak pathogenicity towards trifoliate orange(Poncirus trifoliata).DAB staining revealed none of reddish-brown precipitation in the four susceptible citrus germplasm after infection with F.solani,while trifoliate orange exhibited significant H2O2 accumulation.Trypan blue staining indicated increased cell death in the four susceptible citrus germplasm following infection with these two pathogens but not in trifoliate orange.These findings provide a comprehensive understanding of citrus root rot and support future research on the mechanisms of root rot resistance in citrus.展开更多
High-resolution solar observations are critical for resolving small-scale dynamic solar processes.Specifically,solar continuum observations,which are used to characterize the photospheric radiative energy distribution...High-resolution solar observations are critical for resolving small-scale dynamic solar processes.Specifically,solar continuum observations,which are used to characterize the photospheric radiative energy distribution,identify atmospheric temperature gradients,and model space weather events,serve as a cornerstone of solar physics research.However,existing observational frameworks face inherent limitations:space-based instruments are constrained by diffraction limits,while ground-based data suffer from atmospheric turbulence and temporal discontinuity.To address these challenges,this study proposes a resolution enhancement method based on cross-platform data fusion between Solar Dynamics Observatory(SDO)/Helioseismic and Magnetic Imager(HMI)space-based full-disk coverage observations and Optical and Near-infrared Solar Eruption Telescope(ONSET)ground-based high-resolution local observations to overcome the physical limitations faced by single-instrument observations.Using 6537 preprocessed spatiotemporally aligned datasets(from 2022),we achieve sub-pixel registration via the scale-invariant feature transform(SIFT)algorithm and design a lightweight model called Cross-Instrument Super-Resolution(CISR)based on a residual local feature block network,optimized for feature extraction and reconstruction using the smooth L1-loss function.Experimental results demonstrate that CISR achieves a pixel-wise correlation coefficient of 0.946,a peak signal-to-noise ratio(PSNR)of 33.924 dB,and a structural similarity index of 0.855 on the test set,significantly outperforming bicubic interpolation and the Super-Resolution Convolutional Neural Network(SRCNN)baseline model.Qualitative visual assessment verifies the method’s efficacy for HMI continuum data resolution enhancement,with exceptional performance in maintaining both sunspot boundary acuity and granule structural fidelity.This work provides a novel approach for multi-source solar data synergy,with future potential to incorporate physics-driven evaluation metrics to further improve the model generalization.展开更多
In multi-modal emotion recognition,excessive reliance on historical context often impedes the detection of emotional shifts,while modality heterogeneity and unimodal noise limit recognition performance.Existing method...In multi-modal emotion recognition,excessive reliance on historical context often impedes the detection of emotional shifts,while modality heterogeneity and unimodal noise limit recognition performance.Existing methods struggle to dynamically adjust cross-modal complementary strength to optimize fusion quality and lack effective mechanisms to model the dynamic evolution of emotions.To address these issues,we propose a multi-level dynamic gating and emotion transfer framework for multi-modal emotion recognition.A dynamic gating mechanism is applied across unimodal encoding,cross-modal alignment,and emotion transfer modeling,substantially improving noise robustness and feature alignment.First,we construct a unimodal encoder based on gated recurrent units and feature-selection gating to suppress intra-modal noise and enhance contextual representation.Second,we design a gated-attention crossmodal encoder that dynamically calibrates the complementary contributions of visual and audio modalities to the dominant textual features and eliminates redundant information.Finally,we introduce a gated enhanced emotion transfer module that explicitly models the temporal dependence of emotional evolution in dialogues via transfer gating and optimizes continuity modeling with a comparative learning loss.Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method outperforms state-of-the-art models on the public MELD and IEMOCAP datasets.展开更多
The random distribution of one-dimensional nanofillers in composite polymer electrolytes(CPEs) typically results in tortuous ion transport pathways,severely limiting ionic conductivity and Li^(+) flux uniformity.Herei...The random distribution of one-dimensional nanofillers in composite polymer electrolytes(CPEs) typically results in tortuous ion transport pathways,severely limiting ionic conductivity and Li^(+) flux uniformity.Herein,an innovative electric field-assisted strategy is proposed to construct vertically aligned ion channels in CPEs using lithiated halloysite nano tubes(HNTs-SO_(3)Li)embedded within a polyurethane acrylate/polyethylene glycol diacrylate(PUA/PEGDA) matrix.Under an alternating electric field,the nanotubes orient perpendicularly,forming continuous,low-tortuosity pathways that significantly enhance roomtemperature ionic conductivity.The aligned structure not only shortens Li+transport distances but also homogenizes ion flux at the electrode interface,effectively suppressing lithium dendrite growth.Electrochemical characterization reveals exceptional stability.Three-dimensional structural reconstruction and ion transport simulations further demonstrate that the ordered channels promote uniform Li+distribution and faster ion kinetics compared to disordered systems.This study provides a scalable and efficient approach to designing high-performance CPEs for next-generation solid-state batteries,addressing critical challenges in ionic conductivity,interfacial stability,and dendrite suppression.展开更多
文摘Clear aligner treatment is a novel technique in current orthodontic practice.Distinct from traditional fixed orthodontic appliances,clear aligners have different material features and biomechanical characteristics and treatment efficiencies,presenting new clinical challenges.Therefore,a comprehensive and systematic description of the key clinical aspects of clear aligner treatment is essential to enhance treatment efficacy and facilitate the advancement and wide adoption of this new technique.This expert consensus discusses case selection and grading of treatment difficulty,principle of clear aligner therapy,clinical procedures and potential complications,which are crucial to the clinical success of clear aligner treatment.
基金funded by the Orthodontic National Key Clinical Specialty Construction Program of Chinathe West China Hospital of Stomatology Sichuan Universitysupported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 31470904 and 81470722)
文摘The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the colour stabilities of three types of orthodontic clear aligners exposed to staining agents in vitro. Sixty clear orthodontic aligners produced by three manufacturers （Invisalign, Angelalign, and Smartee） were immersed in three staining solutions （coffee, black tea, and red wine） and one control solution （distilled water）. After 12-h and 7-day immersions, the aligners were washed in an ultrasonic cleaner and measured with a colourimeter. The colour changes （△E＊） were calculated on the basis of the Commission Internationale de I＇Eclairage L＊a＊b＊ colour system （CIE L＊a＊b＊）, and the results were then converted into National Bureau of Standards （NBS） units. Fourier transformation infrared （FT-IR） spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy （SEM） were conducted to observe the molecular and morphologic alterations to the aligner surfaces, respectively. The three types of aligners exhibited slight colour changes after 12 h of staining, with the exception of the Invisalign aligners stained with coffee. The Invisalign aligners exhibited significantly higher AE＊ values （ranging from 0.30 to 27.81） than those of the Angelalign and Smartee aligners （AE＊ values ranging from 0.33 to 1.89 and 0.32 to 1.61, respectively, P〈O.05）. IFT-IR analysis confirmed that the polymer-based structure of aligners did not exhibit significant chemical differences before and after the immersions. The SEM results revealed different surface alterations to the three types of aligner materials after the 7-day staining. The three types of aesthetic orthodontic appliances exhibited colour stability after the 12-h immersion, with the exception of the Invisalign aligners stained by coffee. The Invisalign aligners were more prone than the Angelalign and Smartee aligners to pigmentation. Aligner materials may be improved by considering aesthetic colour stability properties.
基金supported by grants from the Interdisciplinary Program of Wuhan National High Magnetic Field Center(No.WHMFC202207)China Oral Health Foundation(No.A2023-009).
文摘Maxillary protrusion combined with mandibular retraction is a highly prevalent but extremely complex maxillofacial deformity that can have a serious negative impact on patients’facial aesthetics and mental health.The traditional orthodontic treatment strategy often involves extracting 4 first premolars and conventional fixed techniques,combined with mini-implant screws,to retract the anterior teeth and improve facial protrusion.In recent years,an invisible orthodontic technique,without brackets,has become increasingly popular.However,while an invisible aligner has been used in some cases with reasonable results,there remain significant challenges in achieving a perfect outcome.This case report presents an adolescent patient with bimaxillary protrusion and mandibular retrognathia.Based on the characteristics of the invisible aligners and the growth characteristics of the adolescent’s teeth and jawbone,we designed precise three-dimensional tooth movement and corresponding resistance/over-correction for each tooth,while utilizing the patient’s jawbone growth potential to promote rapid development of the mandible,accurately and efficiently correcting bimaxillary protrusion and skeletal mandibular retrognathia.The patient’s facial aesthetics,especially the lateral morphology,have been greatly improved,and various aesthetic indicators have also shown significant changes,and to the patient’s great benefit,invasive mini-implant screws were not used during the treatment.This case highlights the advantages of using invisible aligners in adolescent maxillary protrusion combined with mandibular retraction patients.Furthermore,comprehensive and accurate design combined with good application of growth potential can also enable invisible orthodontic technology to achieve perfect treatment effects in tooth extractions,providing clinical guidance for orthodontists.
基金the Clinical Research Program of Ninth People’s Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine(No.JYLJ-10)。
文摘This study was aimed at analysing the mechanical characteristics of different mandibular extraction modes using a clear aligner.Three experimental schemes of different extraction patterns were designed to treat mandibular crowding,including extraction of one mandibular central incisor,bilateral first premolars,and bilateral second premolars.The stress distribution during the space closing was analysed using the finite element method.When a central incisor was extracted,a significant retraction force was found in the anterior region,in line with the design expectation.The posterior teeth,which were designed to move mesially,acted as anchorage for anterior retraction,and were subjected to a mesial force.The anterior teeth were retracted when the bilateral first premolars were extracted.The lateral incisors and canines were subjected to a significant distal force and moment,while the central incisors and canines were subjected to lingual forces and moments.Additionally,the canines were subjected to a non-designated intruding force.The molars were designed to move mesially when the bilateral second premolars were extracted.All molars were subjected to a significant mesial force,while the lingual force on the front teeth was slight.The bilateral second molars were subjected to non-design mesial moment and extrusive force.The bilateral first molars were subjected to a non-designated mesial moment,and the bilateral first premolars on both sides were subjected to non-designated intrusive force and distal moment.When one incisor was extracted,attachments on the anterior teeth had a controlling effect on the tooth axis,but the anterior teeth still tended to tilt.When the bilateral first premolars were extracted,the anterior teeth showed a tendency for lingual inclination.The risk of distal inclination of the canines and lingual inclination of the central incisor increased.When the bilateral second premolars were extracted and the posterior teeth were designed to move mesially,the teeth on both sides of the extraction sites showed an obvious bowing effect.
基金This work was supported in part by the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF)grant funded by the Korea government(MSIT)(No.2018R1C1B5084424)in part by the Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF)funded by the Ministry of Education(No.2019R1A6A1A03032119).
文摘Advancements in next-generation sequencer(NGS)platforms have improved NGS sequence data production and reduced the cost involved,which has resulted in the production of a large amount of genome data.The downstream analysis of multiple associated sequences has become a bottleneck for the growing genomic data due to storage and space utilization issues in the domain of bioinformatics.The traditional string-matching algorithms are efficient for small sized data sequences and cannot process large amounts of data for downstream analysis.This study proposes a novel bit-parallelism algorithm called BitmapAligner to overcome the issues faced due to a large number of sequences and to improve the speed and quality of multiple sequence alignment(MSA).The input files(sequences)tested over BitmapAligner can be easily managed and organized using the Hadoop distributed file system.The proposed aligner converts the test file(the whole genome sequence)into binaries of an equal length of the sequence,line by line,before the sequence alignment processing.The Hadoop distributed file system splits the larger files into blocks,based on a defined block size,which is 128 MB by default.BitmapAligner can accurately process the sequence alignment using the bitmask approach on large-scale sequences after sorting the data.The experimental results indicate that BitmapAligner operates in real time,with a large number of sequences.Moreover,BitmapAligner achieves the exact start and end positions of the pattern sequence to test the MSA application in the whole genome query sequence.The MSA’s accuracy is verified by the bitmask indexing property of the bit-parallelism extended shifts(BXS)algorithm.The dynamic and exact approach of the BXS algorithm is implemented through the MapReduce function of Apache Hadoop.Conversely,the traditional seeds-and-extend approach faces the risk of errors while identifying the pattern sequences’positions.Moreover,the proposed model resolves the largescale data challenges that are covered through MapReduce in the Hadoop framework.Hive,Yarn,HBase,Cassandra,and many other pertinent flavors are to be used in the future for data structuring and annotations on the top layer of Hadoop since Hadoop is primarily used for data organization and handles text documents.
文摘Many sequence mapping tools for next-generation sequencing(NGS)have emerged over the past decades,but most are inefficient in mapping large-scale sequencing NGS data on high-performance servers.This paper proposes a novel and ultra-fast mapping algorithm,ScalableAligner(SA),designed for mapping short reads on multi-core servers.We optimize map-ping logic by combining Divide&Conquer strategy,BWT-FM index,and auxiliary hash table to accelerate mapping while keeping mapping precision.We optimize software implementation with lock-free queues,lock-free thread pools,reclaimed memory blocks,separate read-write threads,and asynchronous IO to improve thread,memory,and IO bandwidth utilization.Comparative experiments with Kart,Bowtie2,Hisat2,BWA-MEM2,and Accel-Align show that SA achieves the fastest mapping speed while maintaining high sensitivity and accuracy on multiple datasets,with a speed improvement of 22-50%compared to other mapping algorithms.Meanwhile,SA maintains high-precision alignment at the fastest speed under a high mismatch rate.SA does not involve hardware and instruction set acceleration to run on different hardware platforms robustly while achieving higher thread scalability and better overall performance in multi-threaded environments.
基金supports from NSF of China(grants No.52130302,21961160721)National Key R&D Program of China(grant No.2016YFC1100300)。
文摘The malalignment of teeth is treated classically by metal braces with alloy wires,which has an unfavorable influence on the patients appearance during the treatment.With the development of digitization,computer simulation and three-dimensional(3D)printing technology,herein,a modern treatment was tried using clear polymeric aligners,which were fabricated by molding polyurethane films via thermoforming on the 3D-printed personalized dental models.The key parameters of photocurable 3D printing of dental models and the mechanical properties of the clear aligner film material were examined.The precision of a 3D-printed dental model mainly relied on characteristics of photocurable resin,the resolution of light source and the exposure condition,which determined the eventual shape of the molded clear aligner and thus the orthodontic treatment efficacy.The biocompatibility of the polyurethane filmmaterial was confirmed through cytotoxicity and hemolysis tests in vitro.Following a series of 3D-printed personalized dental models and finite element analysis to predict and plan the fabrication and orthodontic processes,corresponding clear aligners were fabricated and applied in animal experiments,which proved the efficacy and biocompatibility in vivo.Clinical treatments of 120 orthodontic cases were finally carried out with success,which highlights the advantage of the clear aligners as an esthetic,compatible and efficient appliance.
文摘Rapid technological improvements in biomaterials,computer-aided design(CAD)and manufacturing(CAM)have endorsed clear aligner therapy(CAT)as a mainstay of orthodontic treatment,and the materials employed for aligner fabrication play an all-important role in determining the clinical performance of clear aligners.This narrative review has attempted to comprehensively encompass the entire gamut of materials currently used for the fabrication of clear aligners and elucidate their characteristics that are crucial in determining their performance in an oral environment.Historical developments and current protocols in aligner fabrication,features of contemporary bioactive materials,and emerging trends related to CAT are discussed.Advances in aligner material chemistry and engineering possess the potential to bring about radical transformations in the therapeutic applications of CAT;in the absence of which,clear aligners would continue to underperform clinically,due to their inherent biomechanical constraints.Finally,while innovations in aligner materials such as shape memory polymers,direct three-dimensional(3D)printed clear aligners and bioactive materials combined with clear aligner materials are essential to further advance the applications of CAT;increased awareness of environmental responsibilities among aligner manufacturers,aligner prescribing clinicians and aligner users is essential for better alignment of our climate change goals towards a sustainable planet.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.12072055,11872135,U20A20390,U22A20314)Natural Science Foundation of Beijing(Grant No.L212063)+3 种基金the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,the 111 Project(No.B13003)the National Research Program of China(Grant No.2022YFC2504200)Orthodontic research project of youth clinical research fund of Chinese Stomatological Association(Grant No.CSA-O2020-07)Municipal graduate tutor team construction project(dstd201903).
文摘This study aimed to explore the optimal invisible orthodontic force system during the en-mass distalization of two maxillary molars to minimize the side effect of anchorage loss by changing the direction of the application of the orthodontic force system.A high bio-fidelity 3D finite element model including maxilla,periodontal ligament,dentition,clear aligner,3D anchorage attachment and mini-implant was established.Different lengths of lateral hooks of 3D-printed anchorage attachments and mini-implant positions into the palatal alveolus were considered.A 200 g distal force was applied to the lateral hooks of different horizontal lengths(3.26 mm,6.52 mm and 9.78 mm)with the mini-implant as the application point.Using ABAQUS software,orthodontic tooth movements under 12 different clinical treatment designs were analyzed and calculated.The 3D anchorage attachment enhanced the anchorage of anterior teeth and alleviated the tipping/extrusion of premolars.In contrast to without clear aligners,length of the lateral hook had a negligible effect on both mesial tipping and buccal tipping with clear aligners,which could then be ignored.The change in mesial tipping was less and nearly remained constant despite of the different heights of the mini-implant.The 3D anchorage attachment assisted clear aligner can avoid the side effects of anterior tooth proclination caused by insufficient anchorage.The length of the lateral hook,and height of the mini-implant in this invisible orthodontic force system hardly affects the tooth movement of anchorage units.Clear aligners can effectively control the rotation and tipping of anchorage units caused by 3D anchorage attachment.
基金approved by Institutional Review Board of Faculty of Medicine in Assiut University,No.04-2024-300470.
文摘BACKGROUND In an era leaning toward a personalized alignment of total knee arthroplasty,coronal plane alignment of the knee(CPAK)phenotypes for each population are studied;furthermore,other possible variables affecting the alignment,such as ankle joint alignment,should be considered.AIM To determine CPAK distribution in the North African(Egyptian)population with knee osteoarthritis and to assess ankle joint line orientation(AJLO)adaptations across different CPAK types.METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted on patients with primary knee osteoarthritis and normal ankle joints.Radiographic parameters included the mechanical lateral distal femoral angle,medial proximal tibial angle,and the derived calculations of joint line obliquity(JLO)and arithmetic hip-knee-ankle angle(aHKA).The tibial plafond horizontal angle(TPHA)was used for AJLO assessment,where 0°is neutral(type N),<0°is varus(type A),and>0°is valgus(type B).The nine CPAK types were further divided into 27 subtypes after incorporating the three AJLO types.RESULTS A total of 527 patients(1054 knees)were included for CPAK classification,and 435 patients(870 knees and ankles)for AJLO assessment.The mean age was 57.2±7.8 years,with 79.5%females.Most knees(76.4%)demonstrated varus alignment(mean aHKA was-5.51°±4.84°)and apex distal JLO(55.3%)(mean JLO was 176.43°±4.53°).CPAK types I(44.3%),IV(28.6%),and II(10%)were the most common.Regarding AJLO,70.2%of ankles exhibited varus orientation(mean TPHA was-5.21°±6.45°).The most frequent combined subtypes were CPAK type I-A(33.7%),IV-A(21.5%),and I-N(6.9%).A significant positive correlation was found between the TPHA and aHKA(r=0.40,P<0.001).CONCLUSION In this North African cohort,varus knee alignment with apex distal JLO and varus AJLO predominated.CPAK types I,IV,and II were the most common types,while subtypes I-A,IV-A,and I-N were commonly occurring after incorporating AJLO types;furthermore,the AJLO was significantly correlated to aHKA.
基金supported by Postdoctoral Science Foundation of China(Nos.2018M630883 and 2019T120688)Hubei Province Chinese Medicine Research Project(No.ZY2023Q015)Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province(No.2023AFB665)。
文摘With the increasing demand for beauty and health,clear aligners(CAs)have been widely applied among patients with malocclusion.However,patients treated with CAs also face some potential complications,such as demineralization,dental caries,and periodontal diseases.In addition,some patients have additional needs to improve their quality of life,such as bleaching teeth.In order to prevent or solve these problems,the modification of CAs is a promising method because their extensive long-term contact with tooth surfaces makes them ideal devices for implementing adjuvant medical functions.In this review,we discuss various advanced CAs with medical functions based on the clinical needs of patients.As far as we know,the additional functions of CAs mainly include antibacterial,remineralization,whitening,and accelerating tooth movement.These functions are achieved by two major pathways,the combination of CAs with drugs/biomaterials and increasing the capacity or affinity of drugs.In addition,we discuss the current limitations of in vitro experiments which are designed to explore the effectiveness and properties of novel CAs,and the challenges of bringing a multifunctional appliance from proposal to clinical application.At the end of this review,we provide insights into the broader prospects for the improvement of CAs.
基金support from the National Institutes of Technology(R21EB030257,R01EB028143,R01HL153857,R01HL166522,R01CA282451,R56EB034702)National Science Foundation(CBET-EBMS-1936105,CISE-IIS-2225698)+1 种基金Chan Zuckerberg Initiative(2022316712,2024-347836)the Brigham Research Institute.
文摘In this study,we present the development of a cryobioink designed to fabricate anisotropic scaffolds that support both neural and muscle cell-alignment.Given the critical role of cellular organization in nerve fibers and neuromuscular junctions,we employed a vertical cryobioprinting-enabled ice-templating technique to create scaffolds with aligned microchannels.These channels facilitated cell-alignment,which is important in modeling neural and neuromuscular tissues.By integrating hyaluronic acid-methacrylate(HAMA)with gelatin methacryloyl and the necessary cryoprotective agent melezitose,we showcased that the cryobioink could preserve cell viability during freezing/thawing processes,even at low temperatures employed during cryobioprinting.We optimized HAMA concentration to enhance neural cell viability and alignment,and successfully constructed anisotropic scaffolds featuring distinct sections that contained muscle and neural cells,establishing a model for neuromuscular junctions.The resulting models provide a versatile platform for studying nerve fibers and neuromuscular dysfunctions,offering potential advancements in neural regeneration research.
基金supported in part by the Natural Science Foundation for Distinguished Young Scholars of Jiangsu Province under Grant BK20240070in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant 62071114n part by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities under Grant 2242022k60004。
文摘Delay Alignment Modulation(DAM)is an innovative broadband modulation technique well-suited for millimeter Wave(mm Wave)and Terahertz(THz)massive Multiple-Input Multiple-Output(MIMO)communication systems.Leveraging the high spatial resolution and sparsity of multi-path channels,DAM effectively mitigates Inter-Symbol Interference(ISI)by aligning all multi-path components through a combination of delay pre-compensation(or post-compensation)and path-based beamforming.As such,ISI is eliminated while preserving multi-path power gains.In this paper,we investigate multi-user double-side DAM,which incorporates both delay pre-compensation at the transmitter and post-compensation at the receiver,in contrast to prior works that primarily focus on singleside DAM with only delay pre-compensation.Firstly,we derive the constraint on the number of introduced delays and formulate the corresponding delay pre/post-compensation vectors tailored for multi-user double-side DAM,given a specific number of delay compensations.Furthermore,we demonstrate that when the number of Base Stations(BSs)/User Equipment(UE)antennas is sufficiently large,single-side DAM—where delay compensation is performed only at the BS/UE—is preferable to double-side DAM,since the former results in less ISI to be spatially eliminated.Next,we propose two low-complexity path-based beamforming strategies based on the eigen-beamforming transmission and ISI-Zero Forcing(ZF),respectively.On this basis,we further analyze the achievable sum rates.Simulation results verify that with a sufficiently large number of BS/UE antennas,singleside DAM is adequate for ISI elimination.Moreover,compared to the benchmarking scheme of Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing(OFDM),multi-user BS-side DAM achieves higher spectral efficiency and lower Peak-to-Average Power Ratio(PAPR).
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.62304111,62304110,22579136)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2024YFE0201800)+6 种基金the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2024M761492)the Project of State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays(Nos.GDX2022010009,GZR2023010046)the Natural Science Research Start-up Foundation of Recruiting Talents of Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications(No.NY223053)the Science and Technology Project of Jiangsu(Science and Technology Cooperation Project of HongKong,Macao and Taiwan,No.BZ2023059)Shaanxi Fundamental Science Research Project for Mathematics and Physics(No.22jSY015)Young Talent Fund of Xi'an Association for Science and Technology(No.959202313020)Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Semiconductor Optoelectronic Materials and Intelligent Photonic Systems(No.2023B1212010003).
文摘Surface passivation via two-dimensional(2D)perovskite has emerged as a promising strategy to enhance the performance of perovskite solar cells(PSCs)due to the effective compensation of interfacial states.However,the in situ grown 2D perovskite passivation layers typically comprise a mixture of multiple dimensionalities at the interface,where band alignment has only been portrayed qualitatively and empirically.Herein,the interface states for precisely phase-tailored 2D perovskite passivated PSCs are quantitatively investigated.In comparison to traditional passivation molecules,2D perovskite layers based on 4-trifluoromethyl-phenylethylammonium iodide(CF3PEAI)exhibit an increased work function,introducing desirable downward band bending to eliminate the Schottky Barrier.Furthermore,precisely phase-tailored 2D layers could modulate the interface trap density and energetics.The n=1 film delivers optimal performance with a hole extraction efficiency of 95.1%.The optimized n-i-p PSCs in the two-step method significantly improve PCE to 25.40%,along with enhanced photostability and negligible hysteresis.It highlights that tailoring in the composition and phase distribution of the 2D perovskite layer could modulate the interface states at the 2D/3D interface.
基金co-supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52125504)the Liaoning Revitalization Talents Program(No.XLYC2202017)Dalian Support Policy Project for Innovation of Technological Talents(No.2023RG001)。
文摘The high-quality assembly of Large Aircraft Components(LACs)is essential in modern aviation manufacturing.Numerical control locators are employed for the posture adjustment of LAC,yet the system's multi-input multi-output,nonlinearity,and strong coupling presents significant challenges.The substantial internal force generated during the adjustment process can potentially damage the LAC and degrade the assembly quality.Hence,a workspace-based hybrid force position control scheme was developed to achieve high quality assembly with high-precision and lower internal force.Firstly,an offline workspace analysis with inherent geometric characteristics to form time-varying posture error constraint.Then,the posture error is integrated into the online position axis control to ensure tracking the ideal posture,while the force control axis compensates for posture deviation by minimizing internal force,thereby achieving high precision and low internal force.Finally,the effectiveness was demonstrated through experiments.The root mean square errors of orientation and position are 104 rad and 0.1 mm,respectively.A reduction in internal force can range from 10.96%to 57.4%compared to the traditional method.Key points'max position error is decreased from 0.32 mm to 0.18 mm,satisfying the 0.5 mm tolerance.Therefore,the proposed method will help promote the development of high-performance manufacturing.
基金supported by Joint Funds of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.U21A20228).
文摘Root rot is a prevalent soil-borne fungal disease in citrus.Citron C-05(Citrus medica)stands out as a germplasm within Citrus spp.due to its complete resistance to citrus canker and favorable characteristics such as single embryo and easy rooting.However,Citron C-05 was found to be highly susceptible to root rot during cultivation,with the specific pathogens previously unknown.In this study,four candidate fungal species were isolated from Citron C-05 roots.Sequence analysis of ITS,EF-1a,RPB1,and RPB2 identified two Fusarium solani strains,Rr-2 and Rr-4,as the candidates causing root rot in Citron C-05.Resistance tests showed these two pathogens increased root damage rate from 10.30%to 35.69%in Citron C-05,sour orange(Citrus aurantium),sweet orange(Citrus sinensis)and pummelo(Citrus grandis).F.solani exhibited the weak pathogenicity towards trifoliate orange(Poncirus trifoliata).DAB staining revealed none of reddish-brown precipitation in the four susceptible citrus germplasm after infection with F.solani,while trifoliate orange exhibited significant H2O2 accumulation.Trypan blue staining indicated increased cell death in the four susceptible citrus germplasm following infection with these two pathogens but not in trifoliate orange.These findings provide a comprehensive understanding of citrus root rot and support future research on the mechanisms of root rot resistance in citrus.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(12003068)the Yunnan Key Laboratory of Solar Physics and Space Science(202205AG070009).
文摘High-resolution solar observations are critical for resolving small-scale dynamic solar processes.Specifically,solar continuum observations,which are used to characterize the photospheric radiative energy distribution,identify atmospheric temperature gradients,and model space weather events,serve as a cornerstone of solar physics research.However,existing observational frameworks face inherent limitations:space-based instruments are constrained by diffraction limits,while ground-based data suffer from atmospheric turbulence and temporal discontinuity.To address these challenges,this study proposes a resolution enhancement method based on cross-platform data fusion between Solar Dynamics Observatory(SDO)/Helioseismic and Magnetic Imager(HMI)space-based full-disk coverage observations and Optical and Near-infrared Solar Eruption Telescope(ONSET)ground-based high-resolution local observations to overcome the physical limitations faced by single-instrument observations.Using 6537 preprocessed spatiotemporally aligned datasets(from 2022),we achieve sub-pixel registration via the scale-invariant feature transform(SIFT)algorithm and design a lightweight model called Cross-Instrument Super-Resolution(CISR)based on a residual local feature block network,optimized for feature extraction and reconstruction using the smooth L1-loss function.Experimental results demonstrate that CISR achieves a pixel-wise correlation coefficient of 0.946,a peak signal-to-noise ratio(PSNR)of 33.924 dB,and a structural similarity index of 0.855 on the test set,significantly outperforming bicubic interpolation and the Super-Resolution Convolutional Neural Network(SRCNN)baseline model.Qualitative visual assessment verifies the method’s efficacy for HMI continuum data resolution enhancement,with exceptional performance in maintaining both sunspot boundary acuity and granule structural fidelity.This work provides a novel approach for multi-source solar data synergy,with future potential to incorporate physics-driven evaluation metrics to further improve the model generalization.
基金funded by“the Fanying Special Program of the National Natural Science Foundation of China,grant number 62341307”“the Scientific research project of Jiangxi Provincial Department of Education,grant number GJJ200839”“theDoctoral startup fund of JiangxiUniversity of Technology,grant number 205200100402”.
文摘In multi-modal emotion recognition,excessive reliance on historical context often impedes the detection of emotional shifts,while modality heterogeneity and unimodal noise limit recognition performance.Existing methods struggle to dynamically adjust cross-modal complementary strength to optimize fusion quality and lack effective mechanisms to model the dynamic evolution of emotions.To address these issues,we propose a multi-level dynamic gating and emotion transfer framework for multi-modal emotion recognition.A dynamic gating mechanism is applied across unimodal encoding,cross-modal alignment,and emotion transfer modeling,substantially improving noise robustness and feature alignment.First,we construct a unimodal encoder based on gated recurrent units and feature-selection gating to suppress intra-modal noise and enhance contextual representation.Second,we design a gated-attention crossmodal encoder that dynamically calibrates the complementary contributions of visual and audio modalities to the dominant textual features and eliminates redundant information.Finally,we introduce a gated enhanced emotion transfer module that explicitly models the temporal dependence of emotional evolution in dialogues via transfer gating and optimizes continuity modeling with a comparative learning loss.Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method outperforms state-of-the-art models on the public MELD and IEMOCAP datasets.
基金the Program of National Key Research and Development of China (No.2022YFB3603702, No. 2023YFC3905301)Hubei Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 2025AFA025)the Research Fund of Jianghan University (No. 2023KJZX01)。
文摘The random distribution of one-dimensional nanofillers in composite polymer electrolytes(CPEs) typically results in tortuous ion transport pathways,severely limiting ionic conductivity and Li^(+) flux uniformity.Herein,an innovative electric field-assisted strategy is proposed to construct vertically aligned ion channels in CPEs using lithiated halloysite nano tubes(HNTs-SO_(3)Li)embedded within a polyurethane acrylate/polyethylene glycol diacrylate(PUA/PEGDA) matrix.Under an alternating electric field,the nanotubes orient perpendicularly,forming continuous,low-tortuosity pathways that significantly enhance roomtemperature ionic conductivity.The aligned structure not only shortens Li+transport distances but also homogenizes ion flux at the electrode interface,effectively suppressing lithium dendrite growth.Electrochemical characterization reveals exceptional stability.Three-dimensional structural reconstruction and ion transport simulations further demonstrate that the ordered channels promote uniform Li+distribution and faster ion kinetics compared to disordered systems.This study provides a scalable and efficient approach to designing high-performance CPEs for next-generation solid-state batteries,addressing critical challenges in ionic conductivity,interfacial stability,and dendrite suppression.
