Microcystins (MCYSTs) isolated from blue-green algae,are hepatotoxic polypeptides.It will induce severe intrahepatic hemorrhage and liver necrosis at low concentrations in rats and mice.MCYST- LR is one of MCYSTs whic...Microcystins (MCYSTs) isolated from blue-green algae,are hepatotoxic polypeptides.It will induce severe intrahepatic hemorrhage and liver necrosis at low concentrations in rats and mice.MCYST- LR is one of MCYSTs which consists of 2 variable L- amino acids(leucine and arginine),3 D-amino acids and 2 unusualamino acids(including Adda).MCYSTs bind to protein phosphatase 1 and 2A,and strongly inhibit their activities.The resultant increase of phosphoprotein was referred to be involved in tumor-promoting activity in liver.According to the above results and animal study,MCYST-LR is a potent liver tumor promoter.There were 9 positive from 30 samples of pond-ditch water in high endemic county-Haimen by high-peformance liquid chromatograph and 3 already confirmed by liquid chromograph/mass spectrometer.The quantities of MCYSTs were different between drinking water of liver cancer cases and controls groups.122±0.057and 0.072±0.044μg/200ml respectively) by ELISA. It is not easy to remove by conventional water treatment procedures.The relationship between MCYSTs and oncogenes and anti-oncogenes are under studying.展开更多
Alga toxins have recently emerged as an environmental risk factor,especially to neurodegenerative diseases,such as Alzheimer's disease,Parkinson's disease and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.However,the associat...Alga toxins have recently emerged as an environmental risk factor,especially to neurodegenerative diseases,such as Alzheimer's disease,Parkinson's disease and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.However,the association between the alga toxinsβ-N-methylamino-L-alanine(BMAA),brevetoxin B,cyanoginosin LR,okadaic acid and neurodegenerative diseases remains inadequately investigated.Therefore,the aim of this study was to elucidate the potential associations.Four sets of differentially expressed genes related with BMAA,brevetoxin B,cyanoginosin LR and okadaic acid in Homo sapiens and genes linked to neurodegenerative disease development were respectively collected from the Comparative Toxicogenomic Database.Metascape analysis and cluster community analysis of four alga toxins highlighted protein-protein interaction enrichment and hub genes,while biological processes analysis showed that the dominant pathways involved in harmful effects triggered by four alga toxins were the apoptotic signaling pathway,regulation of amyloid protein formation,inflammatory response and endoplasmic reticulum stress.Genes related to the interactions between four alga toxins and neurodegenerative diseases were selected and analyzed,revealing that the relevant pathways and genes were those involved in apoptotic mitochondrial changes and neuroinflammatory response pathways.The adverse outcome pathway frameworks were constructed according to the analysis results for toxins and associated neurodegenerative diseases.These discoveries provide a new perspective for us to gain a deeper understanding of the neurotoxic effects of four alga toxins.展开更多
Microcystins are potent toxins,produced naturally by cyanobacteria（blue green algae）,and they present significant threats to human and animal health（WHO,1999;Chorus,2001;Carmichael et al.,2001;Falconer,2005;IARC,20...Microcystins are potent toxins,produced naturally by cyanobacteria（blue green algae）,and they present significant threats to human and animal health（WHO,1999;Chorus,2001;Carmichael et al.,2001;Falconer,2005;IARC,2010;Ma et al.,2015）.展开更多
文摘Microcystins (MCYSTs) isolated from blue-green algae,are hepatotoxic polypeptides.It will induce severe intrahepatic hemorrhage and liver necrosis at low concentrations in rats and mice.MCYST- LR is one of MCYSTs which consists of 2 variable L- amino acids(leucine and arginine),3 D-amino acids and 2 unusualamino acids(including Adda).MCYSTs bind to protein phosphatase 1 and 2A,and strongly inhibit their activities.The resultant increase of phosphoprotein was referred to be involved in tumor-promoting activity in liver.According to the above results and animal study,MCYST-LR is a potent liver tumor promoter.There were 9 positive from 30 samples of pond-ditch water in high endemic county-Haimen by high-peformance liquid chromatograph and 3 already confirmed by liquid chromograph/mass spectrometer.The quantities of MCYSTs were different between drinking water of liver cancer cases and controls groups.122±0.057and 0.072±0.044μg/200ml respectively) by ELISA. It is not easy to remove by conventional water treatment procedures.The relationship between MCYSTs and oncogenes and anti-oncogenes are under studying.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong province(Nos.ZR2019MH048 and ZR2022QC149)the Double First-class Disciplines Construction Fund Project from Harbin Institute of Technology at Weihai(No.2023SYLHY18)Weihai Science and Technology Development Program。
文摘Alga toxins have recently emerged as an environmental risk factor,especially to neurodegenerative diseases,such as Alzheimer's disease,Parkinson's disease and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.However,the association between the alga toxinsβ-N-methylamino-L-alanine(BMAA),brevetoxin B,cyanoginosin LR,okadaic acid and neurodegenerative diseases remains inadequately investigated.Therefore,the aim of this study was to elucidate the potential associations.Four sets of differentially expressed genes related with BMAA,brevetoxin B,cyanoginosin LR and okadaic acid in Homo sapiens and genes linked to neurodegenerative disease development were respectively collected from the Comparative Toxicogenomic Database.Metascape analysis and cluster community analysis of four alga toxins highlighted protein-protein interaction enrichment and hub genes,while biological processes analysis showed that the dominant pathways involved in harmful effects triggered by four alga toxins were the apoptotic signaling pathway,regulation of amyloid protein formation,inflammatory response and endoplasmic reticulum stress.Genes related to the interactions between four alga toxins and neurodegenerative diseases were selected and analyzed,revealing that the relevant pathways and genes were those involved in apoptotic mitochondrial changes and neuroinflammatory response pathways.The adverse outcome pathway frameworks were constructed according to the analysis results for toxins and associated neurodegenerative diseases.These discoveries provide a new perspective for us to gain a deeper understanding of the neurotoxic effects of four alga toxins.
文摘Microcystins are potent toxins,produced naturally by cyanobacteria（blue green algae）,and they present significant threats to human and animal health（WHO,1999;Chorus,2001;Carmichael et al.,2001;Falconer,2005;IARC,2010;Ma et al.,2015）.
