To achieve the continuous maintainence of optimum quality state of flue- cured tobacco laminas and the effective regulation and control on alcoholization time for controlled atmosphere storage （CAS） method in the pr...To achieve the continuous maintainence of optimum quality state of flue- cured tobacco laminas and the effective regulation and control on alcoholization time for controlled atmosphere storage （CAS） method in the process of storage, the lam- ina samples of natural alcoholization for 1 year were selected. Comparable analysis on the appearance quality, chemical components and sensory quality of flue-cured tobacco laminas in the process of alcoholization was carried out by using the meth- ods of CAS and natural alcoholization. The results showed that appearance and color through the treatment of natural alcoholization were deep, browning and ac- companied by the phenomenon of oil, while color scale of flue-cured tobacco lami- nas through the treatment of CAS was uniform, fullness was better, and these two methods were close or identical after opening for 3 months. The contents of total sugar and reducing sugar during the process of alcoholization were also gradually decreased, but the ratio of reducing sugar to total sugar of laminas via CAS was higher than that of the natural alcoholization treatment. Compared with the natural alcoholization,the descending trends of total nitrogen and nicotine contents during CAS were gentler, the ratio via CAS was closer to 1, and the coordination of chemical components was more superior. During the period of alcoholization for 6 to 12 months, sensory quality of laminas via the natural alcoholization treatment was more superior than that of CAS treatment. However, after 18 months of alcoholiza- tion, sensory quality of laminas via the CAS treatment was more superior than that of the natural alcoholization treatment, and the CAS treatment could improve opti- mum sensory quality by 0.5 to 1.5 scores. Additionally, the CAS treatment could prolong the time of optimum alcoholization quality for 6 months, compared with the treatment of natural alcoholization. The CAS method could influence the alcohoJiza- tion quality of flue-cured tobacco laminas and prolong the retention period of opti- mum quality status for flue-cured tobacco laminas by regulating the environmental aas composition, thereby realizin.q quality control of flue-cured tobacco laminas.展开更多
BACKGROUND While varices and variceal bleeds are well-known and feared complications of advanced cirrhosis and portal hypertension,omental variceal bleed are a rare sequala even in patients with known esophageal or ga...BACKGROUND While varices and variceal bleeds are well-known and feared complications of advanced cirrhosis and portal hypertension,omental variceal bleed are a rare sequala even in patients with known esophageal or gastric varices.While rare,omental varices pose a risk for hemoperitoneum if ruptured,which is a lifethreatening complication with high mortality rates despite surgical intervention.CASE SUMMARY This report reviews the case of a patient 36-year-old female with alcohol related cirrhosis decompensated by ascites,but no history of varices admitted for hemorrhagic shock from spontaneous rupture of omental varices requiring emergency surgery.She underwent the first documented successful orthotopic liver transplantation the same admission.CONCLUSION This case report and literature review stresses the importance of early consideration and identification of intraabdominal variceal sources in cirrhotic patients with refractory shock.展开更多
Investigating structural and hydroxyl group effects in electrooxidation of alcohols to value-added products by solid-acid electrocatalysts is essential for upgrading biomass alcohols.Herein,we report efficient electro...Investigating structural and hydroxyl group effects in electrooxidation of alcohols to value-added products by solid-acid electrocatalysts is essential for upgrading biomass alcohols.Herein,we report efficient electrocatalytic oxidations of saturated alcohols(C_(1)-C_(6))to selectively form formate using Ni Co hydroxide(Ni Co-OH)derived Ni Co_(2)O_(4)solid-acid electrocatalysts with balanced Lewis acid(LASs)and Brønsted acid sites(BASs).Thermal treatment transforms BASs-rich(89.6%)Ni Co-OH into Ni Co_(2)O_(4)with nearly equal distribution of LASs(53.1%)and BASs(46.9%)which synergistically promote adsorption and activation of OH-and alcohol molecules for enhanced oxidation activity.In contrast,BASs-enriched Ni Co-OH facilitates formation of higher valence metal sites,beneficial for water oxidation.The combined experimental studies and theoretical calculation imply the oxidation ability of C1-C6alcohols increases as increased number of hydroxyl groups and decreased HOMO-LUMO gaps:methanol(C_(1))<ethylene glycol(C_(2))<glycerol(C3)<meso-erythritol(C4)<xylitol(C5)<sorbitol(C6),while the formate selectivity shows the opposite trend from 100 to 80%.This study unveils synergistic roles of LASs and BASs,as well as hydroxyl group effect in electro-upgrading of alcohols using solid-acid electrocatalysts.展开更多
AIM:To investigate the effects of chronic alcohol consumption on retinal microcirculation by comparing different alcohol-consuming groups using optical coherence tomography(OCT)and OCT angiography(OCTA).METHODS:This o...AIM:To investigate the effects of chronic alcohol consumption on retinal microcirculation by comparing different alcohol-consuming groups using optical coherence tomography(OCT)and OCT angiography(OCTA).METHODS:This observational clinical study utilized a cross-sectional and prospective design,focusing on chronic alcohol consumers alongside a non-consuming control group.OCT/OCTA imaging parameters including central retinal subfield thickness(CST),subfoveal choroidal thickness(SCT),foveal avascular zone(FAZ)and vessel density(VD)in the superficial and deep capillary plexuses in both the macular and optic disc(OD)regions were recorded.Data were analyzed using SPSS 15.0;descriptive statistics were reported,group comparisons were performed with Chisquare,Kruskal–Wallis,and Bonferroni-corrected Mann–Whitney U tests,and relationships were assessed using Spearman correlation,with statistical significance set at P<0.05.RESULTS:A total of 160 eyes of 160 participants(110 females and 50 males with mean age 38.7±9.9y)who don’t smoke were divided into five groups:never,occasional,monthly,weekly and daily drinkers.The mean CST was 216.6±14.2μm and the mean SCT was 358.9±84.5μm.There was no statistically significantly difference in CST and SCT among the groups(P=0.890,0.799).Foveal superficial capillary plexuses(SCPs)VD was higher in monthly drinkers compared to occasional drinkers(P=0.015).Foveal VD in deep capillary plexus was also higher in monthly drinkers than in never and occasional drinkers(P=0.004,0.006).Nasal SCPs VD at the OD was higher in monthly drinkers compared to never drinkers(P=0.005).There was no significant difference FAZ area among the groups(P=0.071).CONCLUSION:Both superficial and deep microvascular structures in the inferior quadrants of macula are positively correlated with frequency of alcohol use.Also in our study results is that the monthly drinker group has uniquely higher VDs in both macula and OD.This leads us to consider moderate alcohol consumption may also have protective effects on retinal microcirculation.展开更多
This review highlights the performance enhancement of polyvinyl alcohol(PVA)composites through the incorporation of nanofillers,focusing on mechanical,thermal,electrical and piezoelectric improvements.It examines bio-...This review highlights the performance enhancement of polyvinyl alcohol(PVA)composites through the incorporation of nanofillers,focusing on mechanical,thermal,electrical and piezoelectric improvements.It examines bio-based fillers such as nanocellulose cellulose nanofibrils(CNF)and cellulose nanocrystals(CNC),and carbon-based fillers like graphene nanoplatelets(GNP)and carbon nanotubes(CNT).CNF and CNC increase tensile strength by up to 40%and 17.9%,respectively,due to their ability to reinforce polymer networks.CNC also improves thermal stability,raising degradation temperatures to approximately 327℃through enhanced hydrogen bonding.Electrical and piezoelectric properties are significantly improved,with dielectric behaviour enhanced by up to 107%and open-circuit voltage reaching 25.6 V,suitable for energy harvesting.GNP and CNT contribute by forming conductive networks within the PVA matrix,enabling superior electrical conductivity and consistent piezoresistive responses under strain.These characteristics make such composites ideal for applications in flexible electronics,sensors,structural health monitoring and other advanced fields.This synthesis of experimental results and critical insights underscores the broad utility and future potential of nanofillerenhanced PVA composites across aerospace,automotive,healthcare,and defence sectors.展开更多
S and Co co-doped carbon catalysts were prepared via pyrolysis of MOF-71 and thiourea mixtures at 800℃at a mass ratio of MOF-71 to thiourea of 1:0.1 to effectively activate peroxymonosulfate(PMS)for methylene blue(MB...S and Co co-doped carbon catalysts were prepared via pyrolysis of MOF-71 and thiourea mixtures at 800℃at a mass ratio of MOF-71 to thiourea of 1:0.1 to effectively activate peroxymonosulfate(PMS)for methylene blue(MB)degradation.The effects of two different mixing routes were identified on the MB degradation performance.Particularly,the catalyst obtained by the alcohol solvent evaporation(MOF-AEP)mixing route could degrade 95.60%MB(50 mg/L)within 4 min(degradation rate:K=0.78 min^(-1)),which was faster than that derived from the direct grinding method(MOF-DGP,80.97%,K=0.39 min^(-1)).X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy revealed that the Co-S content of MOF-AEP(43.39at%)was less than that of MOF-DGP(54.73at%),and the proportion of C-S-C in MOF-AEP(13.56at%)was higher than that of MOF-DGP(10.67at%).Density functional theory calculations revealed that the adsorption energy of Co for PMS was -2.94 eV when sulfur was doped as C-S-C on the carbon skeleton,which was higher than that when sulfur was doped next to cobalt in the form of Co-S bond(-2.86 eV).Thus,the C-S-C sites might provide more contributions to activate PMS compared with Co-S.Furthermore,the degradation parameters,including pH and MOF-AEP dosage,were investigated.Finally,radical quenching experiments and electron paramagnetic resonance(EPR)measurements revealed that ^(1)O_(2)might be the primary catalytic species,whereas·O~(2-)might be the secondary one in degrading MB.展开更多
Alcohol use disorder(AUD)is a medical condition that impairs a person's ability to stop or manage their drinking in the face of negative social,occupational,or health consequences.AUD is defined by the National In...Alcohol use disorder(AUD)is a medical condition that impairs a person's ability to stop or manage their drinking in the face of negative social,occupational,or health consequences.AUD is defined by the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism as a"severe problem".The central nervous system is the primary target of alcohol's adverse effects.It is crucial to identify various neurological disorders associated with AUD,including alcohol withdrawal syndrome,Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome,Marchiafava-Bignami disease,dementia,and neuropathy.To gain a better understanding of the neurological environment of alcoholism and to shed light on the role of various neurotransmitters in the phenomenon of alcoholism.A comprehensive search of online databases,including PubMed,EMBASE,Web of Science,and Google Scholar,was conducted to identify relevant articles.Several neurotransmitters(dopamine,gammaaminobutyric acid,serotonin,and glutamate)have been linked to alcoholism due to a brain imbalance.Alcoholism appears to be a complex genetic disorder,with variations in many genes influencing risk.Some of these genes have been identified,including two alcohol metabolism genes,alcohol dehydrogenase 1B gene and aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 gene,which have the most potent known effects on the risk of alcoholism.Neuronal degeneration and demyelination in people with AUD may be caused by neuronal damage,nutrient deficiencies,and blood brain barrier dysfunction;however,the underlying mechanism is unknown.This review will provide a detailed overview of the neurobiology of alcohol addiction,followed by recent studies published in the genetics of alcohol addiction,molecular mechanism and detailed information on the various acute and chronic neurological manifestations of alcoholism for the Future research.展开更多
Engineering nanomaterials at single-atomic sites could enable unprecedented catalytic properties for broad applications,yet it remains challenging to do so on the surface of multimetallic nanocrystals.Herein,we presen...Engineering nanomaterials at single-atomic sites could enable unprecedented catalytic properties for broad applications,yet it remains challenging to do so on the surface of multimetallic nanocrystals.Herein,we present the multifactorial engineering(size,shape,phase,and composition)of the fully ordered PtBi nanoplates at atomic level,achieving a unique catalyst surface where the face-centered cubic(fcc)Pt edges are modified by the isolated Pd atoms and BiO_(x)adatoms.This Pd_(1)/Pt-BiO_(x)electrocatalyst exhibits an ultrahigh mass activity of 16.01 A mg^(-1)Pt+Pd toward ethanol oxidation in alkaline electrolyte and enables a direct ethanol fuel cell of peak power density of 56.7 mW cm^(−2).The surrounding BiO_(x)adatoms are critical for mitigating CO-poisoning on the Pt surface,and the Pd_(1)/Pt single-atom alloy further facilitates the electrooxidation of CH_(3)CH_(2)OH.This work offers new insights into the rational design and construction of sophisticated catalyst surface at single-atomic sites for highly efficient electrocatalysis.展开更多
Objectives:Cold-acclimated organisms accumulate low molecular weight organic solutes such as sugar alcohols and soluble sugars.This study aimed to compare the efficacy of five sugar alcohols and 14 soluble sugars in s...Objectives:Cold-acclimated organisms accumulate low molecular weight organic solutes such as sugar alcohols and soluble sugars.This study aimed to compare the efficacy of five sugar alcohols and 14 soluble sugars in stabilizing proteins under freezing,freeze-drying,and air-drying stresses.Materials and methods:Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase(G6PD)was used as the model protein.G6PD solutions with or without sugar alcohols and or sugars were subjected to freezing,freeze-drying,and air-drying stresses.The recovery of G6PD activity was measured to evaluate the protective efficacy of these compounds.Results:Without stabilizers,freezing G6PD at-20℃ or-80℃ reduced enzyme activity by around 24%,while freeze-drying or air-drying reduced activity by 90%-95%.Among the five sugar alcohols tested,pinitol,quebrachitol and sorbitol stabilized G6PD,whereas mannitol and myo-inositol destabilized it.Among 14 soluble sugars,trehalose and raffinose showed slightly lower enzyme recovery after repeated freeze-thaw cycles at-20℃.Most soluble sugars(except arabinose and xylose)protected G6PD during freeze-drying,with di-,tri-,and oligosaccharides generally outperforming monosaccharides.During air-drying,lactose was ineffective,while arabinose,galactose,and xylose were detrimental.Conclusion:The study highlights the diverse mechanisms of sugar alcohols and sugars in protein stabilization under stress,offering insights for formulating stable protein-and cell-based drugs.展开更多
Phase change absorbents based on amine chemical absorption for CO_(2)capture exhibit energy-saving potential,but generally suffer from difficulties in CO_(2)regeneration.Alcohol,characterized as a protic reagent with ...Phase change absorbents based on amine chemical absorption for CO_(2)capture exhibit energy-saving potential,but generally suffer from difficulties in CO_(2)regeneration.Alcohol,characterized as a protic reagent with a low dielectric constant,can provide free protons to the rich phase of the absorbent,thereby facilitating CO_(2)regeneration.In this investigation,N-aminoethylpiperazine(AEP)/sulfolane/H_(2)O was employed as the liquid-liquid phase change absorbent,with alcohol serving as the regulator.First,appropriate ion pair models were constructed to simulate the solvent effect of the CO_(2)products in different alcohol solutions.The results demonstrated that these ion pair products reached the maximum solvation-free energy(△E_(solvation))in the rich phase containing ethanol(EtOH).Desorption experiment results validated that the inclusion of EtOH led to a maximum regeneration rate of 0.00763 mol/min,thus confirming EtOH’s suitability as the preferred regulator.Quantum chemical calculations and^(13)C NMR characterization were performed,revealing that the addition of EtOH resulted in the partial conversion of AEP-carbamate(AEPCOO−)into a new product known as ethyl carbonate(C_(2)H_(5)OCOO−),which enhanced the regeneration reactivity.In addition,the decomposition paths of different CO_(2)products were simulated visually,and every reaction’s activation energy(△E_(act))was calculated.Remarkably,the△E_(act)for the decomposition of C_(2)H_(5)OCOO−(9.465 kJ/mol)was lower than that of the AEPCOO−(26.163 kJ/mol),implying that CO_(2)was more likely to be released.Finally,the regeneration energy consumption of the alcohol-regulated absorbentwas estimated to be only 1.92 GJ/ton CO_(2),which had excellent energy-saving potential.展开更多
Photoredox dual reaction of organic synthesis and H2 evolution opens up a novel pathway for collaboratively generating clean fuels and high-quality chemicals,providing a more effective approach of solar energy convers...Photoredox dual reaction of organic synthesis and H2 evolution opens up a novel pathway for collaboratively generating clean fuels and high-quality chemicals,providing a more effective approach of solar energy conversion.Herein,a surface defect-engineered ZnCoS/ZnCdS heterostructure with zinc blende(ZB)/wurtzite(WZ)phase junctions is synthesized for photocatalytic cooperative coupling of benzaldehyde(BAD)and H_(2) production.This surface defect-engineered ZnCoS/ZnCdS heterostructure elaborately integrates the mixed phase junction advantage of ZnCdS semiconductor and the cocatalytic function of ZnCoS possessing Zn(VZn-ZnCoS/ZnCdS)or S vacancies(VS-ZnCoS/ZnCdS).The optimum VS-ZnCoS/ZnCdS simultaneously exhibits a superior H2 production rate of 14.23 mmol h^(-1) g^(-1) accompanied with BAD formation rate of 12.29 mmol h^(-1) g^(-1) under visible-light irradiation,which is approximately two-fold greater than that of pristine ZnCdS.Under simulated sunlight irradiation(AM 1.5),VS-ZnCoS/ZnCdS achieves H2 evolution(27.43 mmol gcat^(-1) h^(-1))with 0.52%of STH efficiency,accompany with 26.31 mmol gcat^(-1) h^(-1) of BAD formation rate.The underlying solar-driven mechanism is elucidated by a series of in-situ characterization and control experiments,which reveals the synergistic effect of interfacial ZB/WZ phase junctions in ZnCdS and S vacancies of ZnCoS on enhancement of the photoredox dual reaction.The VS-ZnCoS/ZnCdS follows a predominant oxygen-centered radical integrating with carbon-centered radical pathways for BAD formation and a simultaneous electron-driven proton reduction for H_(2) production.Interestingly,the nature of surface vacancies not only facilitates the separation of photoinduced charge carriers but also able to selectively adjust the mechanism pathway for BAD production via tuning the oxygen-centered radical and carbon-centered radical formation.展开更多
Although bimetallic phosphide cocatalysts have attracted considerable interest in photocatalysis research owing to their advantageous thermodynamic characteristics,superstable and efficient cocatalysts have rarely bee...Although bimetallic phosphide cocatalysts have attracted considerable interest in photocatalysis research owing to their advantageous thermodynamic characteristics,superstable and efficient cocatalysts have rarely been produced through the modulation of their structure and composition.In this study,a series of bimetallic nickel-iron phosphide(Ni_(x)Fe_(2-x)P,where 0<x<2)cocatalysts with controllable structures and overpotentials were designed by adjusting the atomic ratio of Ni/Fe onto nonmetallic elemental red phosphorus(RP)for the photocatalytic selective oxidation of benzyl alcohol(BA)coupled with hydrogen production.The catalysts exhibited an outstanding photocatalytic activity for benzaldehyde and a high H_(2)yield.The RP regulated by bimetallic phosphide cocatalysts(Ni_(x)Fe_(2-x)P)demonstrated higher photocatalytic oxidation-reduction activity than that regulated by monometallic phosphide cocatalysts(Ni_(2)P and Fe2P).In particular,the RP regulated by Ni_(1.25)Fe_(0.75)P exhibited the best photocatalytic performance.In addition,experimental and theoretical calculations further illustrated that Ni_(1.25)Fe_(0.75)P,with the optimized electronic structure,possessed good electrical conductivity and provided strong adsorption and abundant active sites,thereby accelerating electron migration and lowering the reaction energy barrier of RP.This finding offers valuable insights into the rational design of highly effective cocatalysts aimed at optimizing the photocatalytic activity of composite photocatalysts.展开更多
Cerium oxide(CeO_(2)) has attracted much attention in recent years owing to its reversible switch ability in Ce^(3+)/Ce^(4+)redox to produce improved antioxidation properties for biomedical applications.Here,we report...Cerium oxide(CeO_(2)) has attracted much attention in recent years owing to its reversible switch ability in Ce^(3+)/Ce^(4+)redox to produce improved antioxidation properties for biomedical applications.Here,we report to embed the CeO_(2)nanospheres into the organic polymer network using electrostatic spinning technology to prepare polyvinyl alcohol(PVA)-encapsulated CeO_(2)nanospheres composite nanofibrous membranes(PVA-CeO_(2)) for the first time,which is beneficial to improving the dispersion and biocompatibility of CeO_(2)nanosphere without altering the original antioxidant properties of CeO_(2).Detailed characterization of the as-prepared composite nanofibrous membranes reveals that CeO_(2)was successfully introduced into the PVA fibers with strong interactions,thus enhancing the thermal stability and fracture toughness of the nanoifbers.As a result,PVA-CeO_(2)exhibits superior UV shielding performance,antioxidant performance and bacteriostatic performance.Meaningfully,PVA-CeO_(2)has strong absorbance in both UVA and UVB bands when the CeO_(2)concentration in the nanoifber membrane reaches 1.5 wt%,and shows an excellent scavenging effect on the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl(DPPH)radicals with a scavenging rate of 86.52%.Moreover,the Kirby-Bauer(K-B) method of agar diffusion test further confirms that PVA-CeO_(2)has antimicrobial ability against three types of representative strains,including Gram-positive bacteria(Staphylococcus aureus),Gram-negative bacteria(Escherichia coli) and fungi(Candida albicans).Importantly,no obvious cytotoxicity is observed for PVA-CeO_(2)even though the amount of embedded CeO_(2)nanosphere reaches as high as 1.5 wt%.This study reveals new avenues for improving the future smart design of CeO_(2)-based nanoifber membrane composite materials for biological antioxidants.展开更多
Objective:To investigate the protective effects of the combined concentrated liquid extract of Pueraria lobata(Willd.)Ohwi root(P.lobata,Ge Gen)and Hovenia dulcis Thunb.(H.dulcis,Zhi Ju Zi)against ethanol-induced live...Objective:To investigate the protective effects of the combined concentrated liquid extract of Pueraria lobata(Willd.)Ohwi root(P.lobata,Ge Gen)and Hovenia dulcis Thunb.(H.dulcis,Zhi Ju Zi)against ethanol-induced liver damage in vitro,using a human hepatoma cell line G2(HepG2)cell model.Methods:HepG2 cells were cultured in medium containing 4%ethanol to establish a model of alcoholic liver damage.The cells were then treated with the combined extract obtained via cryogenic extraction.Biochemical assays and Western blot analyses were performed to assess the levels of oxidative stress markers,antioxidant enzymes,and inflammatory cytokines.In addition,activation of the phosphoinositide 3-kinase/protein kinase B(PI3K/AKT)pathway was examined to elucidate the mechanisms underlying the effects of the extract.Results:Treatment with the extract contributed to a significant reduction in the release of nitric oxide and reactive oxygen species in the ethanol-treated HepG2 cells;promoted the elevated expression of superoxide dismutase,catalase,and glutathione,indicating enhanced antioxidant defenses;and showed strong free radical-scavenging activity against 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radicals.In addition,by activating the PI3K/AKT pathway,treatment promoted increases in the expression of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 and its downstream targets,subsequently inhibiting apoptosis.Moreover.inflammatory responses were mitigated,as indicated by reductions in the expression of tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-6,and we detected reduction in the levels of alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase,thereby indicating hepatoprotective effects.Conclusion:The combined P.lobata root and H.dulcis extract was established to have notable antioxidative and anti-inflammatory properties,effectively alleviating ethanol-induced liver damage in vitro.These findings highlight the potential applicability of this extract as a candidate for treating alcoholic liver disease.展开更多
BACKGROUND Focal nodular hyperplasia(FNH)-like lesions are hyperplastic formations in patients with micronodular cirrhosis and a history of alcohol abuse.Although pathologically similar to hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC...BACKGROUND Focal nodular hyperplasia(FNH)-like lesions are hyperplastic formations in patients with micronodular cirrhosis and a history of alcohol abuse.Although pathologically similar to hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)lesions,they are benign.As such,it is important to develop methods to distinguish between FNH-like lesions and HCC.AIM To evaluate diagnostically differential radiological findings between FNH-like lesions and HCC.METHODS We studied pathologically confirmed FNH-like lesions in 13 patients with alco-holic cirrhosis[10 men and 3 women;mean age:54.5±12.5(33-72)years]who were negative for hepatitis-B surface antigen and hepatitis-C virus antibody and underwent dynamic computed tomography(CT)and magnetic resonance imaging(MRI),including superparamagnetic iron oxide(SPIO)and/or gadoxetic acid-enhanced MRI.Seven patients also underwent angiography-assisted CT.RESULTS The evaluated lesion features included arterial enhancement pattern,washout appearance(low density compared with that of surrounding liver parenchyma),signal intensity on T1-weighted image(T1WI)and T2-weighted image(T2WI),central scar presence,chemical shift on in-and out-of-phase images,and uptake pattern on gadoxetic acid-enhanced MRI hepatobiliary phase and SPIO-enhanced MRI.Eleven patients had multiple small lesions(<1.5 cm).Radiological features of FNH-like lesions included hypervascularity despite small lesions,lack of“corona-like”enhancement in the late phase on CT during hepatic angiography(CTHA),high-intensity on T1WI,slightly high-or iso-intensity on T2WI,no signal decrease in out-of-phase images,and complete SPIO uptake or incomplete/partial uptake of gadoxetic acid.Pathologically,similar to HCC,FNH-like lesions showed many unpaired arteries and sinusoidal capillarization.CONCLUSION Overall,the present study showed that FNH-like lesions have unique radiological findings useful for differential diagnosis.Specifically,SPIO-and/or gadoxetic acid-enhanced MRI and CTHA features might facilitate differential diagnosis of FNH-like lesions and HCC.展开更多
Visible-light-mediated O-H functionalization reactions of alcohols with diazo compounds have been fully developed in recent years.However,alkenyl and acetylenic alcohols were rarely examined in these reactions due to ...Visible-light-mediated O-H functionalization reactions of alcohols with diazo compounds have been fully developed in recent years.However,alkenyl and acetylenic alcohols were rarely examined in these reactions due to the inevitable side reactions involving cycloaddition.Herein,the visible-light-mediated O-H functionalization reactions of alkenyl alcohols with diazo compounds were developed.This process competed favorably with the cycloaddition reaction.A series of multifunctional ethers were provided in low to high yields with aryldiazoacetates or 3-diazooxindoles.Biologically relevant spirooxindole-fused oxacycle could be easily accessed from the O-H functionalization product of alkenyl alcohol and 3-diazooxindole.展开更多
Chiral pyridyl alcohols are a type of synthetically versatile building block for natural products,functional materials and bioactive molecules.Herein,a highly efficient Ir/f-amphox-catalyzed asymmetric hydrogenation o...Chiral pyridyl alcohols are a type of synthetically versatile building block for natural products,functional materials and bioactive molecules.Herein,a highly efficient Ir/f-amphox-catalyzed asymmetric hydrogenation of 1-(pyridin-2-yl)ketone derivatives to access chiral pyridyl alcohols was reported.The reaction proceeds smoothly under mild conditions,delivering excellent yields and enantioselectivities(up to>99%ee,turnover number(TON)up to 2000).A broad range of pyridyl alkyl and aryl ketones were successfully transformed,demonstrating the generality and synthetic utility of this methodology.展开更多
The structure-performance relationship of Cu/Al_(2)O_(3) catalysts in the hydrogenation of diethyl oxalate(DEO)for the synthesis of alcohol ether esters has been investigated by various characterization techniques inc...The structure-performance relationship of Cu/Al_(2)O_(3) catalysts in the hydrogenation of diethyl oxalate(DEO)for the synthesis of alcohol ether esters has been investigated by various characterization techniques including XRD,XPS,N2O titration,and 27Al MAS-NMR.The results showed that when the crystal configurations of Al_(2)O_(3) were the same,increasing the specific surface area could effectively refine the size of copper nanoparticles(Cu NPs),and ultimately improve the conversion of DEO.Meanwhile,the smaller size ofγ-Al_(2)O_(3)(HSAl and SBAl)loaded Cu NPs promotes the reaction towards the deep hydrogenation to produce ethanol(EtOH)and ethylene glycol(EG).Besides,the larger size of Cu NPs on the surface of amorphous Al_(2)O_(3)(HTAl and SolAl)resulted in a lower conversion rate,where ethyl glycolate(Egly)is the main product.Despite there are differences in Al^(3+)ionic coordination in Al_(2)O_(3) with different crystal structures,the experimental data showed that the differences in Al^(3+)ionic coordination did not significantly affect the catalytic performance in the hydrogenation reaction.The formation of alcohol-ether ester chemicals is critically dependent on the interactions between Cu sites and acidic sites.Among them,EG and EtOH were dehydrated to form 2-ethoxyethanol via the SN2 mechanism,while Egly and EtOH were reacted to form ethyl ethoxyacetate(EEA)via the SN2 mechanism.This study provides a theoretical basis for the optimization of the coal-based glycol processes to achieve a diversified product portfolio.展开更多
Ni_(2)CoS_(4)was prepared by the liquid‑phase method and applied to the benzyl alcohol electro‑oxidation reaction(BAOR),demonstrating excellent catalytic activity[with a current density of 271 mA·cm^(-2)at 1.40 V...Ni_(2)CoS_(4)was prepared by the liquid‑phase method and applied to the benzyl alcohol electro‑oxidation reaction(BAOR),demonstrating excellent catalytic activity[with a current density of 271 mA·cm^(-2)at 1.40 V(vs RHE)]and long‑term stability.The S‑anion effect can regulate the charge distribution on the catalyst surface,thereby enhancing the additional adsorption capacity of OH-at the Co sites.By combining material characterization and theoretical calculations,it can be observed that this process can increase the concentration of the OH^(*)intermediate,accelerate the activation process of the Ni site,and ultimately achieve an improvement in overall activity and stability.展开更多
BACKGROUND Alcohol can cause alcoholic fatty liver,alcoholic steatohepatitis,alcoholic liver cirrhosis(ALC),and hepatocellular carcinoma.China has become the secondlargest country in the world in terms of alcohol cons...BACKGROUND Alcohol can cause alcoholic fatty liver,alcoholic steatohepatitis,alcoholic liver cirrhosis(ALC),and hepatocellular carcinoma.China has become the secondlargest country in the world in terms of alcohol consumption,lacking national epidemiological data on alcoholic liver disease(ALD).AIM To understand the incidence and characteristics of ALD in Hainan Province of China.METHODS From October 2022 to April 2023,a stratified proportional multi-stage whole population sampling method was adopted to select permanent residents of Haikou,Sanya,Qionghai,Dongfang,and Wuzhishan in Hainan Province to carry out questionnaire surveys,blood tests,and ultrasound examinations of the liver.RESULTS A total of 2704 valid questionnaires were obtained from residents aged 15-93 years old.The rates of drinking,hazardous drinking,and harmful drinking were 31.73%,14.53%,and 5.03%,respectively.The above rates were higher for males than for females,increasing with income,and the rates for ethnic minorities,such as Li,were higher than for Han Chinese(P<0.05).Drinking rates increased with literacy(P<0.05).Drinking rate and hazardous drinking rate decreased with age,were higher for residents of agricultural households than non-agricultural households,and higher for married than unmarried individuals(P<0.05).The total number of patients with ALD was 142,with a detection rate of 5.25%.ALD detection rate was higher for males than females,decreased with age,and higher with income(P<0.05).Patients with ALD included 48(33.8%)cases of mild ALD,64(45.1%)cases of alcoholic fatty liver,18(12.7%)cases of alcoholic steatohepatitis,and 12(8.5%)cases of ALC.The proportion of those who consumed more than 80 g of alcohol per day increased as they progressed from mild ALD to ALC stage.Diabetes mellitus and hyperlipidemia were easily combined in some cases,accounting for 25(17.6%)and 80(56.3%),respectively.The average daily alcohol consumption of ALD patients of Li ethnicity≥80 g was significantly more than that of Han ethnicity(χ2=5.652,P=0.02),and was predominantly among those who drank large amounts of alcohol intermittently(χ2=89.093,P<0.001).CONCLUSION The rates of drinking,hazardous drinking,harmful drinking,and detection of ALD in Hainan Province need to be paid attention to by advocating a healthy lifestyle,such as abstinence and limiting alcohol consumption.展开更多
文摘To achieve the continuous maintainence of optimum quality state of flue- cured tobacco laminas and the effective regulation and control on alcoholization time for controlled atmosphere storage （CAS） method in the process of storage, the lam- ina samples of natural alcoholization for 1 year were selected. Comparable analysis on the appearance quality, chemical components and sensory quality of flue-cured tobacco laminas in the process of alcoholization was carried out by using the meth- ods of CAS and natural alcoholization. The results showed that appearance and color through the treatment of natural alcoholization were deep, browning and ac- companied by the phenomenon of oil, while color scale of flue-cured tobacco lami- nas through the treatment of CAS was uniform, fullness was better, and these two methods were close or identical after opening for 3 months. The contents of total sugar and reducing sugar during the process of alcoholization were also gradually decreased, but the ratio of reducing sugar to total sugar of laminas via CAS was higher than that of the natural alcoholization treatment. Compared with the natural alcoholization,the descending trends of total nitrogen and nicotine contents during CAS were gentler, the ratio via CAS was closer to 1, and the coordination of chemical components was more superior. During the period of alcoholization for 6 to 12 months, sensory quality of laminas via the natural alcoholization treatment was more superior than that of CAS treatment. However, after 18 months of alcoholiza- tion, sensory quality of laminas via the CAS treatment was more superior than that of the natural alcoholization treatment, and the CAS treatment could improve opti- mum sensory quality by 0.5 to 1.5 scores. Additionally, the CAS treatment could prolong the time of optimum alcoholization quality for 6 months, compared with the treatment of natural alcoholization. The CAS method could influence the alcohoJiza- tion quality of flue-cured tobacco laminas and prolong the retention period of opti- mum quality status for flue-cured tobacco laminas by regulating the environmental aas composition, thereby realizin.q quality control of flue-cured tobacco laminas.
文摘BACKGROUND While varices and variceal bleeds are well-known and feared complications of advanced cirrhosis and portal hypertension,omental variceal bleed are a rare sequala even in patients with known esophageal or gastric varices.While rare,omental varices pose a risk for hemoperitoneum if ruptured,which is a lifethreatening complication with high mortality rates despite surgical intervention.CASE SUMMARY This report reviews the case of a patient 36-year-old female with alcohol related cirrhosis decompensated by ascites,but no history of varices admitted for hemorrhagic shock from spontaneous rupture of omental varices requiring emergency surgery.She underwent the first documented successful orthotopic liver transplantation the same admission.CONCLUSION This case report and literature review stresses the importance of early consideration and identification of intraabdominal variceal sources in cirrhotic patients with refractory shock.
基金the financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52172110,52472231,52311530113)Shanghai"Science and Technology Innovation Action Plan"intergovernmental international science and technology cooperation project(23520710600)+1 种基金Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality(22DZ1205600)the Central Guidance on Science and Technology Development Fund of Zhejiang Province(2024ZY01011)。
文摘Investigating structural and hydroxyl group effects in electrooxidation of alcohols to value-added products by solid-acid electrocatalysts is essential for upgrading biomass alcohols.Herein,we report efficient electrocatalytic oxidations of saturated alcohols(C_(1)-C_(6))to selectively form formate using Ni Co hydroxide(Ni Co-OH)derived Ni Co_(2)O_(4)solid-acid electrocatalysts with balanced Lewis acid(LASs)and Brønsted acid sites(BASs).Thermal treatment transforms BASs-rich(89.6%)Ni Co-OH into Ni Co_(2)O_(4)with nearly equal distribution of LASs(53.1%)and BASs(46.9%)which synergistically promote adsorption and activation of OH-and alcohol molecules for enhanced oxidation activity.In contrast,BASs-enriched Ni Co-OH facilitates formation of higher valence metal sites,beneficial for water oxidation.The combined experimental studies and theoretical calculation imply the oxidation ability of C1-C6alcohols increases as increased number of hydroxyl groups and decreased HOMO-LUMO gaps:methanol(C_(1))<ethylene glycol(C_(2))<glycerol(C3)<meso-erythritol(C4)<xylitol(C5)<sorbitol(C6),while the formate selectivity shows the opposite trend from 100 to 80%.This study unveils synergistic roles of LASs and BASs,as well as hydroxyl group effect in electro-upgrading of alcohols using solid-acid electrocatalysts.
文摘AIM:To investigate the effects of chronic alcohol consumption on retinal microcirculation by comparing different alcohol-consuming groups using optical coherence tomography(OCT)and OCT angiography(OCTA).METHODS:This observational clinical study utilized a cross-sectional and prospective design,focusing on chronic alcohol consumers alongside a non-consuming control group.OCT/OCTA imaging parameters including central retinal subfield thickness(CST),subfoveal choroidal thickness(SCT),foveal avascular zone(FAZ)and vessel density(VD)in the superficial and deep capillary plexuses in both the macular and optic disc(OD)regions were recorded.Data were analyzed using SPSS 15.0;descriptive statistics were reported,group comparisons were performed with Chisquare,Kruskal–Wallis,and Bonferroni-corrected Mann–Whitney U tests,and relationships were assessed using Spearman correlation,with statistical significance set at P<0.05.RESULTS:A total of 160 eyes of 160 participants(110 females and 50 males with mean age 38.7±9.9y)who don’t smoke were divided into five groups:never,occasional,monthly,weekly and daily drinkers.The mean CST was 216.6±14.2μm and the mean SCT was 358.9±84.5μm.There was no statistically significantly difference in CST and SCT among the groups(P=0.890,0.799).Foveal superficial capillary plexuses(SCPs)VD was higher in monthly drinkers compared to occasional drinkers(P=0.015).Foveal VD in deep capillary plexus was also higher in monthly drinkers than in never and occasional drinkers(P=0.004,0.006).Nasal SCPs VD at the OD was higher in monthly drinkers compared to never drinkers(P=0.005).There was no significant difference FAZ area among the groups(P=0.071).CONCLUSION:Both superficial and deep microvascular structures in the inferior quadrants of macula are positively correlated with frequency of alcohol use.Also in our study results is that the monthly drinker group has uniquely higher VDs in both macula and OD.This leads us to consider moderate alcohol consumption may also have protective effects on retinal microcirculation.
基金Ministry of Higher Education Malaysia(MoHE)and Universiti Putra Malaysia under the Fundamental Research Grant Scheme(FRGS)(Grant Nos.FRGS/1/2023/TK09/UPM/01/3 and 5540599。
文摘This review highlights the performance enhancement of polyvinyl alcohol(PVA)composites through the incorporation of nanofillers,focusing on mechanical,thermal,electrical and piezoelectric improvements.It examines bio-based fillers such as nanocellulose cellulose nanofibrils(CNF)and cellulose nanocrystals(CNC),and carbon-based fillers like graphene nanoplatelets(GNP)and carbon nanotubes(CNT).CNF and CNC increase tensile strength by up to 40%and 17.9%,respectively,due to their ability to reinforce polymer networks.CNC also improves thermal stability,raising degradation temperatures to approximately 327℃through enhanced hydrogen bonding.Electrical and piezoelectric properties are significantly improved,with dielectric behaviour enhanced by up to 107%and open-circuit voltage reaching 25.6 V,suitable for energy harvesting.GNP and CNT contribute by forming conductive networks within the PVA matrix,enabling superior electrical conductivity and consistent piezoresistive responses under strain.These characteristics make such composites ideal for applications in flexible electronics,sensors,structural health monitoring and other advanced fields.This synthesis of experimental results and critical insights underscores the broad utility and future potential of nanofillerenhanced PVA composites across aerospace,automotive,healthcare,and defence sectors.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.51602018 and 51902018)the Natural Science Foundation of Beijing Municipality(No.2154052)+3 种基金the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2014M560044)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.FRF-MP-20-22)USTB Research Center for International People-to-people Exchange in Science,Technology and Civilization(No.2022KFYB007)Education and Teaching Reform Foundation at University of Science and Technology Beijing(Nos.2023JGC027,KC2022QYW06,and KC2022TS09)。
文摘S and Co co-doped carbon catalysts were prepared via pyrolysis of MOF-71 and thiourea mixtures at 800℃at a mass ratio of MOF-71 to thiourea of 1:0.1 to effectively activate peroxymonosulfate(PMS)for methylene blue(MB)degradation.The effects of two different mixing routes were identified on the MB degradation performance.Particularly,the catalyst obtained by the alcohol solvent evaporation(MOF-AEP)mixing route could degrade 95.60%MB(50 mg/L)within 4 min(degradation rate:K=0.78 min^(-1)),which was faster than that derived from the direct grinding method(MOF-DGP,80.97%,K=0.39 min^(-1)).X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy revealed that the Co-S content of MOF-AEP(43.39at%)was less than that of MOF-DGP(54.73at%),and the proportion of C-S-C in MOF-AEP(13.56at%)was higher than that of MOF-DGP(10.67at%).Density functional theory calculations revealed that the adsorption energy of Co for PMS was -2.94 eV when sulfur was doped as C-S-C on the carbon skeleton,which was higher than that when sulfur was doped next to cobalt in the form of Co-S bond(-2.86 eV).Thus,the C-S-C sites might provide more contributions to activate PMS compared with Co-S.Furthermore,the degradation parameters,including pH and MOF-AEP dosage,were investigated.Finally,radical quenching experiments and electron paramagnetic resonance(EPR)measurements revealed that ^(1)O_(2)might be the primary catalytic species,whereas·O~(2-)might be the secondary one in degrading MB.
文摘Alcohol use disorder(AUD)is a medical condition that impairs a person's ability to stop or manage their drinking in the face of negative social,occupational,or health consequences.AUD is defined by the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism as a"severe problem".The central nervous system is the primary target of alcohol's adverse effects.It is crucial to identify various neurological disorders associated with AUD,including alcohol withdrawal syndrome,Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome,Marchiafava-Bignami disease,dementia,and neuropathy.To gain a better understanding of the neurological environment of alcoholism and to shed light on the role of various neurotransmitters in the phenomenon of alcoholism.A comprehensive search of online databases,including PubMed,EMBASE,Web of Science,and Google Scholar,was conducted to identify relevant articles.Several neurotransmitters(dopamine,gammaaminobutyric acid,serotonin,and glutamate)have been linked to alcoholism due to a brain imbalance.Alcoholism appears to be a complex genetic disorder,with variations in many genes influencing risk.Some of these genes have been identified,including two alcohol metabolism genes,alcohol dehydrogenase 1B gene and aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 gene,which have the most potent known effects on the risk of alcoholism.Neuronal degeneration and demyelination in people with AUD may be caused by neuronal damage,nutrient deficiencies,and blood brain barrier dysfunction;however,the underlying mechanism is unknown.This review will provide a detailed overview of the neurobiology of alcohol addiction,followed by recent studies published in the genetics of alcohol addiction,molecular mechanism and detailed information on the various acute and chronic neurological manifestations of alcoholism for the Future research.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)(Grant Nos.22475132 and 52101259)the Shenzhen Science and Technology Innovation Committee(Grant No.JCYJ20210324105008022)financially supported by the Shenzhen Science and Technology Innovation Program(Nos.KQTD20190929173914967 and ZDSYS20220527171401003).
文摘Engineering nanomaterials at single-atomic sites could enable unprecedented catalytic properties for broad applications,yet it remains challenging to do so on the surface of multimetallic nanocrystals.Herein,we present the multifactorial engineering(size,shape,phase,and composition)of the fully ordered PtBi nanoplates at atomic level,achieving a unique catalyst surface where the face-centered cubic(fcc)Pt edges are modified by the isolated Pd atoms and BiO_(x)adatoms.This Pd_(1)/Pt-BiO_(x)electrocatalyst exhibits an ultrahigh mass activity of 16.01 A mg^(-1)Pt+Pd toward ethanol oxidation in alkaline electrolyte and enables a direct ethanol fuel cell of peak power density of 56.7 mW cm^(−2).The surrounding BiO_(x)adatoms are critical for mitigating CO-poisoning on the Pt surface,and the Pd_(1)/Pt single-atom alloy further facilitates the electrooxidation of CH_(3)CH_(2)OH.This work offers new insights into the rational design and construction of sophisticated catalyst surface at single-atomic sites for highly efficient electrocatalysis.
基金supported by a research grant from the National University of Singapore to WQS(RP-3960366)a collaborative research grant from Sichuan Zhongke Organ Co.Ltd(Chengdu,China).
文摘Objectives:Cold-acclimated organisms accumulate low molecular weight organic solutes such as sugar alcohols and soluble sugars.This study aimed to compare the efficacy of five sugar alcohols and 14 soluble sugars in stabilizing proteins under freezing,freeze-drying,and air-drying stresses.Materials and methods:Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase(G6PD)was used as the model protein.G6PD solutions with or without sugar alcohols and or sugars were subjected to freezing,freeze-drying,and air-drying stresses.The recovery of G6PD activity was measured to evaluate the protective efficacy of these compounds.Results:Without stabilizers,freezing G6PD at-20℃ or-80℃ reduced enzyme activity by around 24%,while freeze-drying or air-drying reduced activity by 90%-95%.Among the five sugar alcohols tested,pinitol,quebrachitol and sorbitol stabilized G6PD,whereas mannitol and myo-inositol destabilized it.Among 14 soluble sugars,trehalose and raffinose showed slightly lower enzyme recovery after repeated freeze-thaw cycles at-20℃.Most soluble sugars(except arabinose and xylose)protected G6PD during freeze-drying,with di-,tri-,and oligosaccharides generally outperforming monosaccharides.During air-drying,lactose was ineffective,while arabinose,galactose,and xylose were detrimental.Conclusion:The study highlights the diverse mechanisms of sugar alcohols and sugars in protein stabilization under stress,offering insights for formulating stable protein-and cell-based drugs.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.22278168 and 22276064)the MOE Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental System Optimization(No.KLRE-KF202205)the Science and Technology Project of Fujian province(No.2022Y3007).
文摘Phase change absorbents based on amine chemical absorption for CO_(2)capture exhibit energy-saving potential,but generally suffer from difficulties in CO_(2)regeneration.Alcohol,characterized as a protic reagent with a low dielectric constant,can provide free protons to the rich phase of the absorbent,thereby facilitating CO_(2)regeneration.In this investigation,N-aminoethylpiperazine(AEP)/sulfolane/H_(2)O was employed as the liquid-liquid phase change absorbent,with alcohol serving as the regulator.First,appropriate ion pair models were constructed to simulate the solvent effect of the CO_(2)products in different alcohol solutions.The results demonstrated that these ion pair products reached the maximum solvation-free energy(△E_(solvation))in the rich phase containing ethanol(EtOH).Desorption experiment results validated that the inclusion of EtOH led to a maximum regeneration rate of 0.00763 mol/min,thus confirming EtOH’s suitability as the preferred regulator.Quantum chemical calculations and^(13)C NMR characterization were performed,revealing that the addition of EtOH resulted in the partial conversion of AEP-carbamate(AEPCOO−)into a new product known as ethyl carbonate(C_(2)H_(5)OCOO−),which enhanced the regeneration reactivity.In addition,the decomposition paths of different CO_(2)products were simulated visually,and every reaction’s activation energy(△E_(act))was calculated.Remarkably,the△E_(act)for the decomposition of C_(2)H_(5)OCOO−(9.465 kJ/mol)was lower than that of the AEPCOO−(26.163 kJ/mol),implying that CO_(2)was more likely to be released.Finally,the regeneration energy consumption of the alcohol-regulated absorbentwas estimated to be only 1.92 GJ/ton CO_(2),which had excellent energy-saving potential.
文摘Photoredox dual reaction of organic synthesis and H2 evolution opens up a novel pathway for collaboratively generating clean fuels and high-quality chemicals,providing a more effective approach of solar energy conversion.Herein,a surface defect-engineered ZnCoS/ZnCdS heterostructure with zinc blende(ZB)/wurtzite(WZ)phase junctions is synthesized for photocatalytic cooperative coupling of benzaldehyde(BAD)and H_(2) production.This surface defect-engineered ZnCoS/ZnCdS heterostructure elaborately integrates the mixed phase junction advantage of ZnCdS semiconductor and the cocatalytic function of ZnCoS possessing Zn(VZn-ZnCoS/ZnCdS)or S vacancies(VS-ZnCoS/ZnCdS).The optimum VS-ZnCoS/ZnCdS simultaneously exhibits a superior H2 production rate of 14.23 mmol h^(-1) g^(-1) accompanied with BAD formation rate of 12.29 mmol h^(-1) g^(-1) under visible-light irradiation,which is approximately two-fold greater than that of pristine ZnCdS.Under simulated sunlight irradiation(AM 1.5),VS-ZnCoS/ZnCdS achieves H2 evolution(27.43 mmol gcat^(-1) h^(-1))with 0.52%of STH efficiency,accompany with 26.31 mmol gcat^(-1) h^(-1) of BAD formation rate.The underlying solar-driven mechanism is elucidated by a series of in-situ characterization and control experiments,which reveals the synergistic effect of interfacial ZB/WZ phase junctions in ZnCdS and S vacancies of ZnCoS on enhancement of the photoredox dual reaction.The VS-ZnCoS/ZnCdS follows a predominant oxygen-centered radical integrating with carbon-centered radical pathways for BAD formation and a simultaneous electron-driven proton reduction for H_(2) production.Interestingly,the nature of surface vacancies not only facilitates the separation of photoinduced charge carriers but also able to selectively adjust the mechanism pathway for BAD production via tuning the oxygen-centered radical and carbon-centered radical formation.
文摘Although bimetallic phosphide cocatalysts have attracted considerable interest in photocatalysis research owing to their advantageous thermodynamic characteristics,superstable and efficient cocatalysts have rarely been produced through the modulation of their structure and composition.In this study,a series of bimetallic nickel-iron phosphide(Ni_(x)Fe_(2-x)P,where 0<x<2)cocatalysts with controllable structures and overpotentials were designed by adjusting the atomic ratio of Ni/Fe onto nonmetallic elemental red phosphorus(RP)for the photocatalytic selective oxidation of benzyl alcohol(BA)coupled with hydrogen production.The catalysts exhibited an outstanding photocatalytic activity for benzaldehyde and a high H_(2)yield.The RP regulated by bimetallic phosphide cocatalysts(Ni_(x)Fe_(2-x)P)demonstrated higher photocatalytic oxidation-reduction activity than that regulated by monometallic phosphide cocatalysts(Ni_(2)P and Fe2P).In particular,the RP regulated by Ni_(1.25)Fe_(0.75)P exhibited the best photocatalytic performance.In addition,experimental and theoretical calculations further illustrated that Ni_(1.25)Fe_(0.75)P,with the optimized electronic structure,possessed good electrical conductivity and provided strong adsorption and abundant active sites,thereby accelerating electron migration and lowering the reaction energy barrier of RP.This finding offers valuable insights into the rational design of highly effective cocatalysts aimed at optimizing the photocatalytic activity of composite photocatalysts.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (22301012)the R&D Program of Beijing Municipal Education Commission (KM202310011005)。
文摘Cerium oxide(CeO_(2)) has attracted much attention in recent years owing to its reversible switch ability in Ce^(3+)/Ce^(4+)redox to produce improved antioxidation properties for biomedical applications.Here,we report to embed the CeO_(2)nanospheres into the organic polymer network using electrostatic spinning technology to prepare polyvinyl alcohol(PVA)-encapsulated CeO_(2)nanospheres composite nanofibrous membranes(PVA-CeO_(2)) for the first time,which is beneficial to improving the dispersion and biocompatibility of CeO_(2)nanosphere without altering the original antioxidant properties of CeO_(2).Detailed characterization of the as-prepared composite nanofibrous membranes reveals that CeO_(2)was successfully introduced into the PVA fibers with strong interactions,thus enhancing the thermal stability and fracture toughness of the nanoifbers.As a result,PVA-CeO_(2)exhibits superior UV shielding performance,antioxidant performance and bacteriostatic performance.Meaningfully,PVA-CeO_(2)has strong absorbance in both UVA and UVB bands when the CeO_(2)concentration in the nanoifber membrane reaches 1.5 wt%,and shows an excellent scavenging effect on the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl(DPPH)radicals with a scavenging rate of 86.52%.Moreover,the Kirby-Bauer(K-B) method of agar diffusion test further confirms that PVA-CeO_(2)has antimicrobial ability against three types of representative strains,including Gram-positive bacteria(Staphylococcus aureus),Gram-negative bacteria(Escherichia coli) and fungi(Candida albicans).Importantly,no obvious cytotoxicity is observed for PVA-CeO_(2)even though the amount of embedded CeO_(2)nanosphere reaches as high as 1.5 wt%.This study reveals new avenues for improving the future smart design of CeO_(2)-based nanoifber membrane composite materials for biological antioxidants.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(82004027)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(JUSRP11961).
文摘Objective:To investigate the protective effects of the combined concentrated liquid extract of Pueraria lobata(Willd.)Ohwi root(P.lobata,Ge Gen)and Hovenia dulcis Thunb.(H.dulcis,Zhi Ju Zi)against ethanol-induced liver damage in vitro,using a human hepatoma cell line G2(HepG2)cell model.Methods:HepG2 cells were cultured in medium containing 4%ethanol to establish a model of alcoholic liver damage.The cells were then treated with the combined extract obtained via cryogenic extraction.Biochemical assays and Western blot analyses were performed to assess the levels of oxidative stress markers,antioxidant enzymes,and inflammatory cytokines.In addition,activation of the phosphoinositide 3-kinase/protein kinase B(PI3K/AKT)pathway was examined to elucidate the mechanisms underlying the effects of the extract.Results:Treatment with the extract contributed to a significant reduction in the release of nitric oxide and reactive oxygen species in the ethanol-treated HepG2 cells;promoted the elevated expression of superoxide dismutase,catalase,and glutathione,indicating enhanced antioxidant defenses;and showed strong free radical-scavenging activity against 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radicals.In addition,by activating the PI3K/AKT pathway,treatment promoted increases in the expression of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 and its downstream targets,subsequently inhibiting apoptosis.Moreover.inflammatory responses were mitigated,as indicated by reductions in the expression of tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-6,and we detected reduction in the levels of alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase,thereby indicating hepatoprotective effects.Conclusion:The combined P.lobata root and H.dulcis extract was established to have notable antioxidative and anti-inflammatory properties,effectively alleviating ethanol-induced liver damage in vitro.These findings highlight the potential applicability of this extract as a candidate for treating alcoholic liver disease.
文摘BACKGROUND Focal nodular hyperplasia(FNH)-like lesions are hyperplastic formations in patients with micronodular cirrhosis and a history of alcohol abuse.Although pathologically similar to hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)lesions,they are benign.As such,it is important to develop methods to distinguish between FNH-like lesions and HCC.AIM To evaluate diagnostically differential radiological findings between FNH-like lesions and HCC.METHODS We studied pathologically confirmed FNH-like lesions in 13 patients with alco-holic cirrhosis[10 men and 3 women;mean age:54.5±12.5(33-72)years]who were negative for hepatitis-B surface antigen and hepatitis-C virus antibody and underwent dynamic computed tomography(CT)and magnetic resonance imaging(MRI),including superparamagnetic iron oxide(SPIO)and/or gadoxetic acid-enhanced MRI.Seven patients also underwent angiography-assisted CT.RESULTS The evaluated lesion features included arterial enhancement pattern,washout appearance(low density compared with that of surrounding liver parenchyma),signal intensity on T1-weighted image(T1WI)and T2-weighted image(T2WI),central scar presence,chemical shift on in-and out-of-phase images,and uptake pattern on gadoxetic acid-enhanced MRI hepatobiliary phase and SPIO-enhanced MRI.Eleven patients had multiple small lesions(<1.5 cm).Radiological features of FNH-like lesions included hypervascularity despite small lesions,lack of“corona-like”enhancement in the late phase on CT during hepatic angiography(CTHA),high-intensity on T1WI,slightly high-or iso-intensity on T2WI,no signal decrease in out-of-phase images,and complete SPIO uptake or incomplete/partial uptake of gadoxetic acid.Pathologically,similar to HCC,FNH-like lesions showed many unpaired arteries and sinusoidal capillarization.CONCLUSION Overall,the present study showed that FNH-like lesions have unique radiological findings useful for differential diagnosis.Specifically,SPIO-and/or gadoxetic acid-enhanced MRI and CTHA features might facilitate differential diagnosis of FNH-like lesions and HCC.
文摘Visible-light-mediated O-H functionalization reactions of alcohols with diazo compounds have been fully developed in recent years.However,alkenyl and acetylenic alcohols were rarely examined in these reactions due to the inevitable side reactions involving cycloaddition.Herein,the visible-light-mediated O-H functionalization reactions of alkenyl alcohols with diazo compounds were developed.This process competed favorably with the cycloaddition reaction.A series of multifunctional ethers were provided in low to high yields with aryldiazoacetates or 3-diazooxindoles.Biologically relevant spirooxindole-fused oxacycle could be easily accessed from the O-H functionalization product of alkenyl alcohol and 3-diazooxindole.
文摘Chiral pyridyl alcohols are a type of synthetically versatile building block for natural products,functional materials and bioactive molecules.Herein,a highly efficient Ir/f-amphox-catalyzed asymmetric hydrogenation of 1-(pyridin-2-yl)ketone derivatives to access chiral pyridyl alcohols was reported.The reaction proceeds smoothly under mild conditions,delivering excellent yields and enantioselectivities(up to>99%ee,turnover number(TON)up to 2000).A broad range of pyridyl alkyl and aryl ketones were successfully transformed,demonstrating the generality and synthetic utility of this methodology.
文摘The structure-performance relationship of Cu/Al_(2)O_(3) catalysts in the hydrogenation of diethyl oxalate(DEO)for the synthesis of alcohol ether esters has been investigated by various characterization techniques including XRD,XPS,N2O titration,and 27Al MAS-NMR.The results showed that when the crystal configurations of Al_(2)O_(3) were the same,increasing the specific surface area could effectively refine the size of copper nanoparticles(Cu NPs),and ultimately improve the conversion of DEO.Meanwhile,the smaller size ofγ-Al_(2)O_(3)(HSAl and SBAl)loaded Cu NPs promotes the reaction towards the deep hydrogenation to produce ethanol(EtOH)and ethylene glycol(EG).Besides,the larger size of Cu NPs on the surface of amorphous Al_(2)O_(3)(HTAl and SolAl)resulted in a lower conversion rate,where ethyl glycolate(Egly)is the main product.Despite there are differences in Al^(3+)ionic coordination in Al_(2)O_(3) with different crystal structures,the experimental data showed that the differences in Al^(3+)ionic coordination did not significantly affect the catalytic performance in the hydrogenation reaction.The formation of alcohol-ether ester chemicals is critically dependent on the interactions between Cu sites and acidic sites.Among them,EG and EtOH were dehydrated to form 2-ethoxyethanol via the SN2 mechanism,while Egly and EtOH were reacted to form ethyl ethoxyacetate(EEA)via the SN2 mechanism.This study provides a theoretical basis for the optimization of the coal-based glycol processes to achieve a diversified product portfolio.
文摘Ni_(2)CoS_(4)was prepared by the liquid‑phase method and applied to the benzyl alcohol electro‑oxidation reaction(BAOR),demonstrating excellent catalytic activity[with a current density of 271 mA·cm^(-2)at 1.40 V(vs RHE)]and long‑term stability.The S‑anion effect can regulate the charge distribution on the catalyst surface,thereby enhancing the additional adsorption capacity of OH-at the Co sites.By combining material characterization and theoretical calculations,it can be observed that this process can increase the concentration of the OH^(*)intermediate,accelerate the activation process of the Ni site,and ultimately achieve an improvement in overall activity and stability.
基金Supported by the Hainan Medical University Academic Enhancement Support Program,No.XSTS2025001National Clinical Key Speciality Capacity Building Project,No.202330+3 种基金Hainan Province Clinical Medical Center,No.2021818Specific Research Fund of The Innovation Platform for Academicians of Hainan Province,No.YSPTZX202313Joint Project on Health Science and Technology Innovation in Hainan Province,No.SQ2023WSJK0301Hainan Province Education Reform Project,No.hnjg2024-67.
文摘BACKGROUND Alcohol can cause alcoholic fatty liver,alcoholic steatohepatitis,alcoholic liver cirrhosis(ALC),and hepatocellular carcinoma.China has become the secondlargest country in the world in terms of alcohol consumption,lacking national epidemiological data on alcoholic liver disease(ALD).AIM To understand the incidence and characteristics of ALD in Hainan Province of China.METHODS From October 2022 to April 2023,a stratified proportional multi-stage whole population sampling method was adopted to select permanent residents of Haikou,Sanya,Qionghai,Dongfang,and Wuzhishan in Hainan Province to carry out questionnaire surveys,blood tests,and ultrasound examinations of the liver.RESULTS A total of 2704 valid questionnaires were obtained from residents aged 15-93 years old.The rates of drinking,hazardous drinking,and harmful drinking were 31.73%,14.53%,and 5.03%,respectively.The above rates were higher for males than for females,increasing with income,and the rates for ethnic minorities,such as Li,were higher than for Han Chinese(P<0.05).Drinking rates increased with literacy(P<0.05).Drinking rate and hazardous drinking rate decreased with age,were higher for residents of agricultural households than non-agricultural households,and higher for married than unmarried individuals(P<0.05).The total number of patients with ALD was 142,with a detection rate of 5.25%.ALD detection rate was higher for males than females,decreased with age,and higher with income(P<0.05).Patients with ALD included 48(33.8%)cases of mild ALD,64(45.1%)cases of alcoholic fatty liver,18(12.7%)cases of alcoholic steatohepatitis,and 12(8.5%)cases of ALC.The proportion of those who consumed more than 80 g of alcohol per day increased as they progressed from mild ALD to ALC stage.Diabetes mellitus and hyperlipidemia were easily combined in some cases,accounting for 25(17.6%)and 80(56.3%),respectively.The average daily alcohol consumption of ALD patients of Li ethnicity≥80 g was significantly more than that of Han ethnicity(χ2=5.652,P=0.02),and was predominantly among those who drank large amounts of alcohol intermittently(χ2=89.093,P<0.001).CONCLUSION The rates of drinking,hazardous drinking,harmful drinking,and detection of ALD in Hainan Province need to be paid attention to by advocating a healthy lifestyle,such as abstinence and limiting alcohol consumption.
