Most of the recent organic solar cells(OSCs)with top-of-the-line efficiencies are processed from organic solvents with a high vapor pressure such as CF in nitrogen-filled glovebox,which is not feasible for large-area ...Most of the recent organic solar cells(OSCs)with top-of-the-line efficiencies are processed from organic solvents with a high vapor pressure such as CF in nitrogen-filled glovebox,which is not feasible for large-area manufacturing.Herein,we cast active layers with both aromatic hydrocarbon solvents and halogenated solvents without any solvent additive or post-treatment,as well as interlayers with water and methanol in air(35%relative humidity)for efficient OSCs,except cathode electrode's evaporation is in vacuum.Compared to the PM6:Y6 system that is processed from CF,the PM6:BTP-ClBr2 system demonstrates good efficiency of 16.28%processed from CB and the device based on PM6:BTP-4Cl achieves 16.33%using TMB as its solvent for the active layer.These are among the highest efficiencies for CB-and TMB-processed binary OSCs to date.The molecular packing and phase separation length scales of each combination depend strongly on the solvent,and the overall morphology is the result of the interplay between solvent evaporation(kinetics)and materials miscibility(thermodynamics).Different solvents are required to realize the optimal morphology due to the different miscibility between the donor and acceptor.Finally,17.36%efficiency was achieved by incorporating PC71BM for TMB-processed devices.Our result provides insights into the effect of processing solvent and shows the potential of realizing high-performance OSCs in conditions relevant for industrial fabrication.展开更多
Organic solar cells(OSCs)have attracted significant attention as next-generation photovoltaics due to their unique advantages such as mechanical flexibility,lightweight,and solution processability.While state-of-the-a...Organic solar cells(OSCs)have attracted significant attention as next-generation photovoltaics due to their unique advantages such as mechanical flexibility,lightweight,and solution processability.While state-of-the-art power conversion efficiencies(PCEs)exceeding 20%are achieved in inert atmospheres,ambient processing remains a critical challenge for scalable production.Particularly detrimental is moisture penetration into the active layer,which induces a cascade of deleterious effects including trap state formation,charge carrier mobility imbalance,enhanced nonradiative recombination,and disruption of crystalline ordering,ultimately leading to severe device performance losses.Addressing these challenges necessitates strategic molecular engineering to enhance intrinsic moisture resistance by incorporating functional side chains into donor and acceptor materials and using small-molecule additives that suppress water condensation,stabilize morphology,and maintain efficient charge transport.This review systematically summarizes recent progress in the field of humiditytolerant ambient-processed OSCs.Donor:acceptor systems are categorized according to the reported processing humidity levels,including unspecified conditions,low humidity(RH<40%),moderate humidity(RH=40−70%),and high humidity(RH>70%).Encouragingly,even under 90%RH,some systems achieve the PCEs over 18%,demonstrating significant progress toward airprocessed OSCs with high humidity tolerance.These advancements highlight the great promise of molecular engineering strategies to enable the scalable fabrication of high-performance OSCs under ambient conditions with enhanced humidity tolerance.展开更多
基金financial support from National Natural Science Foundation of China 21927811support from the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2019YFA0705900)funded by MOST+7 种基金the Basic and Applied Basic Research Major Program of Guangdong Province(No.2019B030302007)Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory of Optoelectronic and Magnetic Functional Materials(project number 2019B121205002)the Shen Zhen Technology and Innovation Commission(project number JCYJ20170413173814007,JCYJ20170818113905024)the Hong Kong Research Grants Council(Research Impact Fund R6021-18,collaborative research fund C6023-19G,project numbers 16309218,16310019,and 16303917)Hong Kong Innovation and Technology Commission for the support through projects ITC-CNERC14SC01 and ITS/471/18National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC,No.91433202)support from Natural Science Foundation of Top Talent of SZTU(grant number:20200205)support from Hong Kong Ph D Fel owship Scheme PF17-03929。
文摘Most of the recent organic solar cells(OSCs)with top-of-the-line efficiencies are processed from organic solvents with a high vapor pressure such as CF in nitrogen-filled glovebox,which is not feasible for large-area manufacturing.Herein,we cast active layers with both aromatic hydrocarbon solvents and halogenated solvents without any solvent additive or post-treatment,as well as interlayers with water and methanol in air(35%relative humidity)for efficient OSCs,except cathode electrode's evaporation is in vacuum.Compared to the PM6:Y6 system that is processed from CF,the PM6:BTP-ClBr2 system demonstrates good efficiency of 16.28%processed from CB and the device based on PM6:BTP-4Cl achieves 16.33%using TMB as its solvent for the active layer.These are among the highest efficiencies for CB-and TMB-processed binary OSCs to date.The molecular packing and phase separation length scales of each combination depend strongly on the solvent,and the overall morphology is the result of the interplay between solvent evaporation(kinetics)and materials miscibility(thermodynamics).Different solvents are required to realize the optimal morphology due to the different miscibility between the donor and acceptor.Finally,17.36%efficiency was achieved by incorporating PC71BM for TMB-processed devices.Our result provides insights into the effect of processing solvent and shows the potential of realizing high-performance OSCs in conditions relevant for industrial fabrication.
基金financial support of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22179040)the Basic and Applied Basic Research Major Program of Guangdong Province(2019B030302007)the Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(2024A1515012693).
文摘Organic solar cells(OSCs)have attracted significant attention as next-generation photovoltaics due to their unique advantages such as mechanical flexibility,lightweight,and solution processability.While state-of-the-art power conversion efficiencies(PCEs)exceeding 20%are achieved in inert atmospheres,ambient processing remains a critical challenge for scalable production.Particularly detrimental is moisture penetration into the active layer,which induces a cascade of deleterious effects including trap state formation,charge carrier mobility imbalance,enhanced nonradiative recombination,and disruption of crystalline ordering,ultimately leading to severe device performance losses.Addressing these challenges necessitates strategic molecular engineering to enhance intrinsic moisture resistance by incorporating functional side chains into donor and acceptor materials and using small-molecule additives that suppress water condensation,stabilize morphology,and maintain efficient charge transport.This review systematically summarizes recent progress in the field of humiditytolerant ambient-processed OSCs.Donor:acceptor systems are categorized according to the reported processing humidity levels,including unspecified conditions,low humidity(RH<40%),moderate humidity(RH=40−70%),and high humidity(RH>70%).Encouragingly,even under 90%RH,some systems achieve the PCEs over 18%,demonstrating significant progress toward airprocessed OSCs with high humidity tolerance.These advancements highlight the great promise of molecular engineering strategies to enable the scalable fabrication of high-performance OSCs under ambient conditions with enhanced humidity tolerance.
