The feasibility of implementing distinctive agriculture insurance in Hebei Province is analyzed from the following aspects covering the support of policies and laws;agricultural products and brands with Hebei distinct...The feasibility of implementing distinctive agriculture insurance in Hebei Province is analyzed from the following aspects covering the support of policies and laws;agricultural products and brands with Hebei distinct;the rich experience of insurance companies;farmers'strong awareness on insurance and farmers'great demand on agricultural insurance.The plights faced by distinctive agricultural insurance are pointed out.It includes weak awareness of farmers on buying insurance;low enthusiasm of insurance company;poor support from the government and backward laws and regulations and so on.The countermeasures on developing distinctive agricultural insurance are put forward.The countermeasures on improving farmers'awareness on buying insurance;innovating the insurance products and services;increasing the support from the government;perfecting the legislation on agricultural insurance should be adopted to develop agricultural insurance.展开更多
Agricultural insurance plays a key role in promoting the coordinated development of green agriculture and farmers’income growth,which is crucial for China’s high-quality agricultural development.Using the coupling c...Agricultural insurance plays a key role in promoting the coordinated development of green agriculture and farmers’income growth,which is crucial for China’s high-quality agricultural development.Using the coupling coordination degree model,this study empirically demonstrates that the development of agricultural insurance significantly promotes the coordinated development of green agriculture and farmers’income growth once a certain threshold is exceeded.This effect is more pronounced in the major grain-producing regions and the central provinces.Expanding the scale of agricultural production and increasing investment in agricultural technology are the key mechanisms through which agricultural insurance supports the dual goals of green agriculture and income growth in China.In conclusion,this study proposes several policy recommendations,which include increasing investment in agricultural insurance infrastructure,strengthening the policy guidance for agricultural insurance,and designing differentiated agricultural insurance policies.展开更多
In the face of the corona virus disease 2019(COVID-19)pandemic,it is essential to stabilize the security of urban“shopping baskets”.Through a survey and interviews with 46 agricultural cooperatives in Shanghai,this ...In the face of the corona virus disease 2019(COVID-19)pandemic,it is essential to stabilize the security of urban“shopping baskets”.Through a survey and interviews with 46 agricultural cooperatives in Shanghai,this paper analyzes the impact of the pandemic on vegetable production and offers suggestions on agricultural insurance.The research results show that:(1)the pandemic has impacted almost all stages of the vegetable supply chain but has had a greater impact on the sales stage;(2)the market risks of vegetable production have increased significantly,and the gap between the field price and the market price has widened.The sales price difference between traditional channels and e-commerce is notable;(3)farmers’incomes have generally declined due to the COVID-19 pandemic,and traditional small-scale farmers have suffered more losses;and(4)agricultural insurance plays an important role in stabilizing the supply of vegetables to the city.To minimize the impact of the pandemic on vegetable production and to stabilize both urban“shopping baskets”and farmers’incomes,it is necessary to further improve agricultural insurance,especially to provide insurance against market risks.展开更多
The issue of agricultural insurance subsidy is discussed in this paper aiming to make it provided more rationally and sci- entifically. It is started with the connection between agricultural insurance and financial su...The issue of agricultural insurance subsidy is discussed in this paper aiming to make it provided more rationally and sci- entifically. It is started with the connection between agricultural insurance and financial subsidy. It is really necessary and crucial to implement the financial insurance due to the bad operational performance, especially in the developing countries. But the sub- sidy should be provided more rationally because financial subsidy has lots of negative effects. A model in competitive insurance markets developed by Ahsan et al (1982) and a farmers' decision model are developed to solve the optimal subsidized rate. Finally, the equation is got to calculate it. But a quantitative subsidized rate is not made here because the calculation should be under some restricted conditions, which are always absent in the devel- oping countries. So the government should provide some subsidy for the ex ante research and preparation to get the scientific prob- ability and premium rate.展开更多
Agricultural insurance is a great support for agricultural modernization in the new period. It plays a role of " stabilizer" in consecutive increase of yield and constant increase of farmers' income. Thi...Agricultural insurance is a great support for agricultural modernization in the new period. It plays a role of " stabilizer" in consecutive increase of yield and constant increase of farmers' income. This paper elaborated current situation of agricultural insurance development in China in the new period,analyzed existing problems,and came up with pertinent recommendations.展开更多
This paper introduces current situations of agricultural insurance market in Shaanxi Province.It is indicated that development of Shaanxi's agricultural insurance industry is faced with following difficulties.Firs...This paper introduces current situations of agricultural insurance market in Shaanxi Province.It is indicated that development of Shaanxi's agricultural insurance industry is faced with following difficulties.First,risks of agricultural production are various,occurrence frequency is high and losses are great.Second,effective supply of commercial insurance companies for agriculture is seriously inadequate.Third,farmers'demand for agricultural insurance is restricted by many factors.Fourth,government support for agricultural insurance is not generous.Then,it puts forward strategies for development of agricultural insurance in Shaanxi Province.These include:encourage commercial insurance companies to actively enter agricultural insurance market;establish perfect agricultural reinsurance system;strengthen propaganda of agricultural insurance and speed up agricultural industrialization;enhance policy support for agricultural insurance to promote its development.展开更多
The economic compensation function of agricultural insurance can reduce the credit default risk of farmers. Therefore,the cooperative development of agricultural insurance and agricultural credit is an inevitable tren...The economic compensation function of agricultural insurance can reduce the credit default risk of farmers. Therefore,the cooperative development of agricultural insurance and agricultural credit is an inevitable trend for the development of rural financial services. In this paper,the annual time series data of agricultural insurance and agricultural credit in 1994-2013 were used to carry out bootstrap simulation based Granger causality test and make the impulse response analysis. Results indicate that based on the Granger causality test of the whole samples( 1994-2013),there is no Granger causality relationship between agricultural insurance and agricultural credit; based on the test of sub-samples( 2002-2013),there is a two-way Granger causality relationship between agricultural insurance and agricultural credit,the rapid development of agricultural insurance brings about structural changes in agricultural credit; agricultural credit has a positive effect on agricultural insurance,and agricultural insurance has a greater effect on agricultural credit. Finally,it came up with policy recommendations for the cooperative development of agricultural insurance and agricultural credit.展开更多
In order to establish modern agriculture and reduce harmful effects of natural disasters to agriculture, developing agricultural insurance and improving agricultural management system are essential. This paper firstly...In order to establish modern agriculture and reduce harmful effects of natural disasters to agriculture, developing agricultural insurance and improving agricultural management system are essential. This paper firstly elaborated the feasibility and importance of improving agricultural economy, and analyzed some reasons which restricted China agricultural insurance developing speed, and then gave some improving suggestions in the end.展开更多
Taking Luochuan County of Shaanxi Province as an example,the factors that affect farmers'behaviors on participating in insurance is analyzed and evaluated according to the questionnaires and by selecting the index...Taking Luochuan County of Shaanxi Province as an example,the factors that affect farmers'behaviors on participating in insurance is analyzed and evaluated according to the questionnaires and by selecting the indexes covering household features,agricultural production risks,the attitudes of rural households towards risks and the transaction cost of participating insurance and by using Logistic regression model.The results show that comparing with insurance company,the government has larger influence on farmers'behaviors on participating insurance;the premium of agricultural insurance does not obstruct farmers'participation in insurance;the bad-handled relations between the government and insurance company have bad effects on the development of local agricultural insurance.In order to promote farmers to participate in agricultural insurance,the relevant countermeasures are put forward:firstly,increasing the investment on rural education and improving cultural level of farmers;secondly,intensifying the promotion on agricultural insurance;thirdly,reasonably planning the duties and rights of the government and the insurance company;fourthly,vigorously encouraging the farmers to conduct scale production of apple and form the scale economy.展开更多
The delegation-agent models in agricultural insurance are established both under the circumstances of information symmetry and information asymmetry.Insurers choose effort level-a* according to the first order optimal...The delegation-agent models in agricultural insurance are established both under the circumstances of information symmetry and information asymmetry.Insurers choose effort level-a* according to the first order optimal condition of ∫{v(π-s(π))+λ11[u(s(π))]fa(π,a*)}dπ=λ11c'(a*)u(s(π)) at the present stage when the information is symmetric.While the information is asymmetric,the first order optimal condition changed into v'(π-s(π))u'(s(π))=λ21+μ21(1-fa(π,a)f(π,a)).In other words,the higher the output,the more and more income of insured.The paper also modifies the models,when the information is symmetric,the insurers determine the effort level of insured-a* based on the first order optimal condition of ∫{v(π-s(π))+λ12[u(s(π))]fa(π,a*)}dπ=λ12h'(a*)u(s(π));to the contrary,the first order optimal condition would change into v'(π*-s(π*))u'(s(π*))=λ22+μ22(1-fa(π,a)f(π,a))-λh(a)f(π,a)-μh'(a)f(π,a).The results show that the insured and the insurers would both benefit from the insurance when the effort cost function related to the expectation of the insured(agricultural producers).If the insured manage the objects of insurance more seriously,the rate of disasters would be lowered.Therefore,the insurance claimed against the insured would be lessened,and the benefits of the insurers would be increased at last.展开更多
By selecting the panel data from 2001 to 2008 in central and western regions,I adopt the methods of covariance analysis test,Hausman test,panel unit root test and co-integration test to conduct empirical research on t...By selecting the panel data from 2001 to 2008 in central and western regions,I adopt the methods of covariance analysis test,Hausman test,panel unit root test and co-integration test to conduct empirical research on the interactive relationship between agricultural insurance and rural financial development in central and western regions.The results show that there is a long-term balanced and interactive causal relationship between agricultural insurance and rural financial development in central and western regions.The agricultural insurance in western regions is the cause of rural financial development,while such relationship in central regions is not tenable.There is an interactive promotion relationship between agricultural insurance and rural financial development efficiency in central regions,while the relationship between agricultural insurance and rural financial development efficiency in western regions is mutually inhibitive,but the rural financial efficiency in western regions promotes the development of agricultural insurance.Then corresponding suggestions are put forward in order to give full play to the role of mutual promotion between agricultural insurance and rural financial development as follows:reinforce the support degree for policy finance in central and western regions;increase the inputs of rural financial institutions in serving agriculture,countryside and farmers;expand the types and coverage of policy agricultural insurance.展开更多
At present,there is still no unified standard for evaluation of agricultural insurance security level,especially in the quantitative evaluation. In order to explore a scientific and reasonable evaluation method for ag...At present,there is still no unified standard for evaluation of agricultural insurance security level,especially in the quantitative evaluation. In order to explore a scientific and reasonable evaluation method for agricultural insurance security level,this paper analyzed the current situation of evaluation methods of social insurance,endowment insurance and medical insurance,as well as the application of security index. It is expected to provide a certain reference for evaluation of agricultural insurance security level by the agricultural insurance security index.展开更多
The advantages of cooperative economic organization being the effective carrier of agricultural insurance development are analyzed. Firstly, cooperative economic organization promotes scale management and solves the p...The advantages of cooperative economic organization being the effective carrier of agricultural insurance development are analyzed. Firstly, cooperative economic organization promotes scale management and solves the problem of decentralized operation of small households. Secondly, cooperative economic organization can settle the problem of peasants' low systematization. Thirdly, cooperative economic organization can largely reduce the costs of agricultural insurance operation. Fourthly, cooperative organization decreases moral risks as well as adverse selection to some extent. Lastly, cooperative organization, to a certain degree, reduces the risks of agricultural production and increases the insurability of agricultural risks. Meanwhile, limitations of agricultural cooperative economic organization being the carrier of agricultural insurance operation are pointed out. Firstly, cooperative economic organization has limited coverage and small size of organization, which is harmful to the diversification of agricultural risks. Secondly, cooperative economic organization lacks capital funds and its development is not standard, which is not perfect for the function exertion as a carrier. Lastly, members of professional cooperative organization have low cultural qualities, which restrict the implementation of agricultural insurance. The modes of farmers' cooperative economic organization promoting agricultural insurance development are proposed, including mode of agricultural insurance cooperative ( mutual corporation), mode of "leading enterprises (companies) + professional cooperative organization (planting majors) + insurance" and mode of professional cooperatives serving as agricultural insurance agent. Last of all, the promoting role of agricultural insurance in agricultural cooperative economic organization is briefly illustrated.展开更多
Agricultural product price index insurance is a kind of index insurance. It avoids defects of traditional agricultural insurance,such as moral hazards,adverse selection,and high management cost. On the basis of studyi...Agricultural product price index insurance is a kind of index insurance. It avoids defects of traditional agricultural insurance,such as moral hazards,adverse selection,and high management cost. On the basis of studying agricultural product price index insurance of all areas of China,this paper analyzed characteristics of agricultural product price index insurance from object selection,product object,premium design,and policy support,and discussed feasibility of extending agricultural product price index insurance in an all-round way.展开更多
Optimizing the structure of agricultural insurance subsidies is of great significance to increasing the supply of agricultural insurance and strengthening the effects of agricultural insurance policies.This paper opti...Optimizing the structure of agricultural insurance subsidies is of great significance to increasing the supply of agricultural insurance and strengthening the effects of agricultural insurance policies.This paper optimized the structure of agricultural insurance subsidies.It decomposed insurance activities into three parts:underwriting,claim settlement,and agricultural services.Next,it incorporated adverse selection risks,moral hazards,agricultural production and operation risks,insurance company's behavioral decisions and its risk attitudes into the multi-task principal agent analysis framework.Finally,it discussed how the government designs a subsidy mechanism and adjusts the subsidy structure to increase the insurance supply.展开更多
The paper presents an innovative approach towards agricultural insurance underwriting and risk pricing through the development of an Extreme Machine Learning (ELM) Actuarial Intelligent Model. This model integrates di...The paper presents an innovative approach towards agricultural insurance underwriting and risk pricing through the development of an Extreme Machine Learning (ELM) Actuarial Intelligent Model. This model integrates diverse datasets, including climate change scenarios, crop types, farm sizes, and various risk factors, to automate underwriting decisions and estimate loss reserves in agricultural insurance. The study conducts extensive exploratory data analysis, model building, feature engineering, and validation to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach. Additionally, the paper discusses the application of robust tests, stress tests, and scenario tests to assess the model’s resilience and adaptability to changing market conditions. Overall, the research contributes to advancing actuarial science in agricultural insurance by leveraging advanced machine learning techniques for enhanced risk management and decision-making.展开更多
With the continuous development of Chinas rural revitalization strategy, the problems of agriculture, rural areas and farmers are being paid more and more attention by the country. As an important part of agriculture,...With the continuous development of Chinas rural revitalization strategy, the problems of agriculture, rural areas and farmers are being paid more and more attention by the country. As an important part of agriculture, rural areas and farmers, agricultural insurance is an important part of the rural revitalization strategy. By discussing the development history of agricultural insurance, China shows the continuous development of agricultural insurance. The development status of agricultural insurance in China is under the strong support of agricultural insurance. Agricultural insurance mainly has the government, the insurance company and the farmer three main bodies. With the help of game principle, the positive correlation between government utility and the purchase intention of farmers and the product of agricultural insurance business opened by insurance companies, between enterprise utility and government subsidies, and farmers purchase willingness is proportional to the benefits brought by government subsidies and the purchase of agricultural insurance. This paper holds that the government should vigorously develop agricultural insurance through financial subsidies, which can promote the development of our national economy on the whole. And put forward the corresponding countermeasures and suggestions for some problems existing in the current agricultural insurance.展开更多
He'nan province is located in the central plains and is a major agricultural province in China. Agricultural economic development plays a major role. In recent years, due to the impact of natural disasters, the de...He'nan province is located in the central plains and is a major agricultural province in China. Agricultural economic development plays a major role. In recent years, due to the impact of natural disasters, the development of agriculture was once in trouble, and the farmers' income was greatly reduced. Agricultural insurance is the best choice to avoid risks, which plays a great role in protecting the interests of farmers and realizing the sound development of agricultural economy. At the same time, it also plays an irreplaceable role in promoting the development of agricultural finance in He'nan Province. The expansion of the financial field in the agricultural field is the key supporting force to support the revitalization of the countryside, and is conducive to further promoting the structural reform of the agricultural supply side. This paper will use specific data as the support of analysis to explore the development status of agricultural insurance and modern agricultural finance in He'nan Province, analyze the benefit function of agricultural insurance on the development of agricultural finance, and explore the financial problems faced by the development of modern agriculture in He'nan Province. Finally, practical solutions to the existing problems are proposed, which will provide certain reference experience for the development of agricultural economy in He'nan Province.展开更多
With the expansion of agricultural industry operation scale, the development of agricultural insurance is in the ascendant, and at the same time, the industry competition is intensifying, and the problem is increasing...With the expansion of agricultural industry operation scale, the development of agricultural insurance is in the ascendant, and at the same time, the industry competition is intensifying, and the problem is increasingly prominent. Artificial intelligence technology is widely used in all walks of life, and its tentacles extend to agricultural insurance enterprises. As a technical means, the operation and management mode and service level of agricultural insurance companies are being changed. This paper first analyzes the motivation and reasons of artificial intelligence to empower agricultural insurance companies, and then discusses the strategy of artificial intelligence to continuously empower agricultural insurance companies, in order to accumulate experience and promote the development of "agriculture, rural areas and farmers".展开更多
基金Supported by Hebei Social Science Development and Research Subjects(201003127)
文摘The feasibility of implementing distinctive agriculture insurance in Hebei Province is analyzed from the following aspects covering the support of policies and laws;agricultural products and brands with Hebei distinct;the rich experience of insurance companies;farmers'strong awareness on insurance and farmers'great demand on agricultural insurance.The plights faced by distinctive agricultural insurance are pointed out.It includes weak awareness of farmers on buying insurance;low enthusiasm of insurance company;poor support from the government and backward laws and regulations and so on.The countermeasures on developing distinctive agricultural insurance are put forward.The countermeasures on improving farmers'awareness on buying insurance;innovating the insurance products and services;increasing the support from the government;perfecting the legislation on agricultural insurance should be adopted to develop agricultural insurance.
基金This paper presents preliminary research findings from two projects:a major project funded by the National Social Science Fund of China,titled“Changes in the Nature of Rural Poverty in China in the New Era and Research on Post-2020 Anti-Poverty Policies”(Project No:19ZDA116)Doctoral Research Project under the Special Program for Talents in Shortage Areas Serving National Needs,Nanjing University of Finance and Economics,titled“The Impact of Policy-Based Agricultural Insurance on Farmers’Income and Welfare Levels”(Project No:BSZX2021-12).
文摘Agricultural insurance plays a key role in promoting the coordinated development of green agriculture and farmers’income growth,which is crucial for China’s high-quality agricultural development.Using the coupling coordination degree model,this study empirically demonstrates that the development of agricultural insurance significantly promotes the coordinated development of green agriculture and farmers’income growth once a certain threshold is exceeded.This effect is more pronounced in the major grain-producing regions and the central provinces.Expanding the scale of agricultural production and increasing investment in agricultural technology are the key mechanisms through which agricultural insurance supports the dual goals of green agriculture and income growth in China.In conclusion,this study proposes several policy recommendations,which include increasing investment in agricultural insurance infrastructure,strengthening the policy guidance for agricultural insurance,and designing differentiated agricultural insurance policies.
基金This study was supported by the Humanity and Social Science Youth Fund of the Ministry of Education of China(18YJC790157)the National Social Science Fund of China(16ZDA019).
文摘In the face of the corona virus disease 2019(COVID-19)pandemic,it is essential to stabilize the security of urban“shopping baskets”.Through a survey and interviews with 46 agricultural cooperatives in Shanghai,this paper analyzes the impact of the pandemic on vegetable production and offers suggestions on agricultural insurance.The research results show that:(1)the pandemic has impacted almost all stages of the vegetable supply chain but has had a greater impact on the sales stage;(2)the market risks of vegetable production have increased significantly,and the gap between the field price and the market price has widened.The sales price difference between traditional channels and e-commerce is notable;(3)farmers’incomes have generally declined due to the COVID-19 pandemic,and traditional small-scale farmers have suffered more losses;and(4)agricultural insurance plays an important role in stabilizing the supply of vegetables to the city.To minimize the impact of the pandemic on vegetable production and to stabilize both urban“shopping baskets”and farmers’incomes,it is necessary to further improve agricultural insurance,especially to provide insurance against market risks.
文摘The issue of agricultural insurance subsidy is discussed in this paper aiming to make it provided more rationally and sci- entifically. It is started with the connection between agricultural insurance and financial subsidy. It is really necessary and crucial to implement the financial insurance due to the bad operational performance, especially in the developing countries. But the sub- sidy should be provided more rationally because financial subsidy has lots of negative effects. A model in competitive insurance markets developed by Ahsan et al (1982) and a farmers' decision model are developed to solve the optimal subsidized rate. Finally, the equation is got to calculate it. But a quantitative subsidized rate is not made here because the calculation should be under some restricted conditions, which are always absent in the devel- oping countries. So the government should provide some subsidy for the ex ante research and preparation to get the scientific prob- ability and premium rate.
文摘Agricultural insurance is a great support for agricultural modernization in the new period. It plays a role of " stabilizer" in consecutive increase of yield and constant increase of farmers' income. This paper elaborated current situation of agricultural insurance development in China in the new period,analyzed existing problems,and came up with pertinent recommendations.
基金Supported by the Project of Shaanxi Provincial Department of Education(11JK0107)
文摘This paper introduces current situations of agricultural insurance market in Shaanxi Province.It is indicated that development of Shaanxi's agricultural insurance industry is faced with following difficulties.First,risks of agricultural production are various,occurrence frequency is high and losses are great.Second,effective supply of commercial insurance companies for agriculture is seriously inadequate.Third,farmers'demand for agricultural insurance is restricted by many factors.Fourth,government support for agricultural insurance is not generous.Then,it puts forward strategies for development of agricultural insurance in Shaanxi Province.These include:encourage commercial insurance companies to actively enter agricultural insurance market;establish perfect agricultural reinsurance system;strengthen propaganda of agricultural insurance and speed up agricultural industrialization;enhance policy support for agricultural insurance to promote its development.
文摘The economic compensation function of agricultural insurance can reduce the credit default risk of farmers. Therefore,the cooperative development of agricultural insurance and agricultural credit is an inevitable trend for the development of rural financial services. In this paper,the annual time series data of agricultural insurance and agricultural credit in 1994-2013 were used to carry out bootstrap simulation based Granger causality test and make the impulse response analysis. Results indicate that based on the Granger causality test of the whole samples( 1994-2013),there is no Granger causality relationship between agricultural insurance and agricultural credit; based on the test of sub-samples( 2002-2013),there is a two-way Granger causality relationship between agricultural insurance and agricultural credit,the rapid development of agricultural insurance brings about structural changes in agricultural credit; agricultural credit has a positive effect on agricultural insurance,and agricultural insurance has a greater effect on agricultural credit. Finally,it came up with policy recommendations for the cooperative development of agricultural insurance and agricultural credit.
文摘In order to establish modern agriculture and reduce harmful effects of natural disasters to agriculture, developing agricultural insurance and improving agricultural management system are essential. This paper firstly elaborated the feasibility and importance of improving agricultural economy, and analyzed some reasons which restricted China agricultural insurance developing speed, and then gave some improving suggestions in the end.
基金Supported by Shaanxi Social Science Fund(09E045)
文摘Taking Luochuan County of Shaanxi Province as an example,the factors that affect farmers'behaviors on participating in insurance is analyzed and evaluated according to the questionnaires and by selecting the indexes covering household features,agricultural production risks,the attitudes of rural households towards risks and the transaction cost of participating insurance and by using Logistic regression model.The results show that comparing with insurance company,the government has larger influence on farmers'behaviors on participating insurance;the premium of agricultural insurance does not obstruct farmers'participation in insurance;the bad-handled relations between the government and insurance company have bad effects on the development of local agricultural insurance.In order to promote farmers to participate in agricultural insurance,the relevant countermeasures are put forward:firstly,increasing the investment on rural education and improving cultural level of farmers;secondly,intensifying the promotion on agricultural insurance;thirdly,reasonably planning the duties and rights of the government and the insurance company;fourthly,vigorously encouraging the farmers to conduct scale production of apple and form the scale economy.
文摘The delegation-agent models in agricultural insurance are established both under the circumstances of information symmetry and information asymmetry.Insurers choose effort level-a* according to the first order optimal condition of ∫{v(π-s(π))+λ11[u(s(π))]fa(π,a*)}dπ=λ11c'(a*)u(s(π)) at the present stage when the information is symmetric.While the information is asymmetric,the first order optimal condition changed into v'(π-s(π))u'(s(π))=λ21+μ21(1-fa(π,a)f(π,a)).In other words,the higher the output,the more and more income of insured.The paper also modifies the models,when the information is symmetric,the insurers determine the effort level of insured-a* based on the first order optimal condition of ∫{v(π-s(π))+λ12[u(s(π))]fa(π,a*)}dπ=λ12h'(a*)u(s(π));to the contrary,the first order optimal condition would change into v'(π*-s(π*))u'(s(π*))=λ22+μ22(1-fa(π,a)f(π,a))-λh(a)f(π,a)-μh'(a)f(π,a).The results show that the insured and the insurers would both benefit from the insurance when the effort cost function related to the expectation of the insured(agricultural producers).If the insured manage the objects of insurance more seriously,the rate of disasters would be lowered.Therefore,the insurance claimed against the insured would be lessened,and the benefits of the insurers would be increased at last.
文摘By selecting the panel data from 2001 to 2008 in central and western regions,I adopt the methods of covariance analysis test,Hausman test,panel unit root test and co-integration test to conduct empirical research on the interactive relationship between agricultural insurance and rural financial development in central and western regions.The results show that there is a long-term balanced and interactive causal relationship between agricultural insurance and rural financial development in central and western regions.The agricultural insurance in western regions is the cause of rural financial development,while such relationship in central regions is not tenable.There is an interactive promotion relationship between agricultural insurance and rural financial development efficiency in central regions,while the relationship between agricultural insurance and rural financial development efficiency in western regions is mutually inhibitive,but the rural financial efficiency in western regions promotes the development of agricultural insurance.Then corresponding suggestions are put forward in order to give full play to the role of mutual promotion between agricultural insurance and rural financial development as follows:reinforce the support degree for policy finance in central and western regions;increase the inputs of rural financial institutions in serving agriculture,countryside and farmers;expand the types and coverage of policy agricultural insurance.
基金Supported by the National Science and Technology Project in the Twelfth FiveYear Plan Period(2014BALO7B03.2)
文摘At present,there is still no unified standard for evaluation of agricultural insurance security level,especially in the quantitative evaluation. In order to explore a scientific and reasonable evaluation method for agricultural insurance security level,this paper analyzed the current situation of evaluation methods of social insurance,endowment insurance and medical insurance,as well as the application of security index. It is expected to provide a certain reference for evaluation of agricultural insurance security level by the agricultural insurance security index.
基金Supported by the Basic Scientific Research Operational Funds in Central-level Public-interest Research Institutes (2011-23)
文摘The advantages of cooperative economic organization being the effective carrier of agricultural insurance development are analyzed. Firstly, cooperative economic organization promotes scale management and solves the problem of decentralized operation of small households. Secondly, cooperative economic organization can settle the problem of peasants' low systematization. Thirdly, cooperative economic organization can largely reduce the costs of agricultural insurance operation. Fourthly, cooperative organization decreases moral risks as well as adverse selection to some extent. Lastly, cooperative organization, to a certain degree, reduces the risks of agricultural production and increases the insurability of agricultural risks. Meanwhile, limitations of agricultural cooperative economic organization being the carrier of agricultural insurance operation are pointed out. Firstly, cooperative economic organization has limited coverage and small size of organization, which is harmful to the diversification of agricultural risks. Secondly, cooperative economic organization lacks capital funds and its development is not standard, which is not perfect for the function exertion as a carrier. Lastly, members of professional cooperative organization have low cultural qualities, which restrict the implementation of agricultural insurance. The modes of farmers' cooperative economic organization promoting agricultural insurance development are proposed, including mode of agricultural insurance cooperative ( mutual corporation), mode of "leading enterprises (companies) + professional cooperative organization (planting majors) + insurance" and mode of professional cooperatives serving as agricultural insurance agent. Last of all, the promoting role of agricultural insurance in agricultural cooperative economic organization is briefly illustrated.
基金Supported by the National Social Science Foundation of China(16BJY136) in 2016the Consultant Project of Chinese Academy of Engineering(07-XY-003) in 2015
文摘Agricultural product price index insurance is a kind of index insurance. It avoids defects of traditional agricultural insurance,such as moral hazards,adverse selection,and high management cost. On the basis of studying agricultural product price index insurance of all areas of China,this paper analyzed characteristics of agricultural product price index insurance from object selection,product object,premium design,and policy support,and discussed feasibility of extending agricultural product price index insurance in an all-round way.
基金Supported by Western Project of National Social Science Foundation of China:Research on Governance Mechanism Optimization and Risk Prevention and Control of Credit Cooperation of Farmers Cooperatives in China(16XJY021).
文摘Optimizing the structure of agricultural insurance subsidies is of great significance to increasing the supply of agricultural insurance and strengthening the effects of agricultural insurance policies.This paper optimized the structure of agricultural insurance subsidies.It decomposed insurance activities into three parts:underwriting,claim settlement,and agricultural services.Next,it incorporated adverse selection risks,moral hazards,agricultural production and operation risks,insurance company's behavioral decisions and its risk attitudes into the multi-task principal agent analysis framework.Finally,it discussed how the government designs a subsidy mechanism and adjusts the subsidy structure to increase the insurance supply.
文摘The paper presents an innovative approach towards agricultural insurance underwriting and risk pricing through the development of an Extreme Machine Learning (ELM) Actuarial Intelligent Model. This model integrates diverse datasets, including climate change scenarios, crop types, farm sizes, and various risk factors, to automate underwriting decisions and estimate loss reserves in agricultural insurance. The study conducts extensive exploratory data analysis, model building, feature engineering, and validation to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach. Additionally, the paper discusses the application of robust tests, stress tests, and scenario tests to assess the model’s resilience and adaptability to changing market conditions. Overall, the research contributes to advancing actuarial science in agricultural insurance by leveraging advanced machine learning techniques for enhanced risk management and decision-making.
文摘With the continuous development of Chinas rural revitalization strategy, the problems of agriculture, rural areas and farmers are being paid more and more attention by the country. As an important part of agriculture, rural areas and farmers, agricultural insurance is an important part of the rural revitalization strategy. By discussing the development history of agricultural insurance, China shows the continuous development of agricultural insurance. The development status of agricultural insurance in China is under the strong support of agricultural insurance. Agricultural insurance mainly has the government, the insurance company and the farmer three main bodies. With the help of game principle, the positive correlation between government utility and the purchase intention of farmers and the product of agricultural insurance business opened by insurance companies, between enterprise utility and government subsidies, and farmers purchase willingness is proportional to the benefits brought by government subsidies and the purchase of agricultural insurance. This paper holds that the government should vigorously develop agricultural insurance through financial subsidies, which can promote the development of our national economy on the whole. And put forward the corresponding countermeasures and suggestions for some problems existing in the current agricultural insurance.
文摘He'nan province is located in the central plains and is a major agricultural province in China. Agricultural economic development plays a major role. In recent years, due to the impact of natural disasters, the development of agriculture was once in trouble, and the farmers' income was greatly reduced. Agricultural insurance is the best choice to avoid risks, which plays a great role in protecting the interests of farmers and realizing the sound development of agricultural economy. At the same time, it also plays an irreplaceable role in promoting the development of agricultural finance in He'nan Province. The expansion of the financial field in the agricultural field is the key supporting force to support the revitalization of the countryside, and is conducive to further promoting the structural reform of the agricultural supply side. This paper will use specific data as the support of analysis to explore the development status of agricultural insurance and modern agricultural finance in He'nan Province, analyze the benefit function of agricultural insurance on the development of agricultural finance, and explore the financial problems faced by the development of modern agriculture in He'nan Province. Finally, practical solutions to the existing problems are proposed, which will provide certain reference experience for the development of agricultural economy in He'nan Province.
文摘With the expansion of agricultural industry operation scale, the development of agricultural insurance is in the ascendant, and at the same time, the industry competition is intensifying, and the problem is increasingly prominent. Artificial intelligence technology is widely used in all walks of life, and its tentacles extend to agricultural insurance enterprises. As a technical means, the operation and management mode and service level of agricultural insurance companies are being changed. This paper first analyzes the motivation and reasons of artificial intelligence to empower agricultural insurance companies, and then discusses the strategy of artificial intelligence to continuously empower agricultural insurance companies, in order to accumulate experience and promote the development of "agriculture, rural areas and farmers".
