Using Chinese manufacturing data between 1998 and 2007, this paper in- vestigates the impact of agglomeration on firm＇s export behavior. It is found that the agglomeration of manufacturing industries in China over th...Using Chinese manufacturing data between 1998 and 2007, this paper in- vestigates the impact of agglomeration on firm＇s export behavior. It is found that the agglomeration of manufacturing industries in China over this period increases firm＇s export probability as well as its export volume, and the impact is larger for more ef- ficient firms. However, the impact on firm＇s export volume depends on the degree of agglomeration. When the degree of agglomeration is low, an increase in agglomera- tion would expand firm＇s export volume but the impact will be diminishing and even turns negative if the degree of agglomeration is already very high.展开更多
With deepening digital technology applications in international trade, e-commerce platforms have become a major avenue for firm export. Based on a multicountry, multi-product heterogeneous firms trade theory model, th...With deepening digital technology applications in international trade, e-commerce platforms have become a major avenue for firm export. Based on a multicountry, multi-product heterogeneous firms trade theory model, this paper investigates the firm export effects of e-commerce platforms, and empirically tests the inferences from the model using data from Alibaba China Station, China industrial enterprises data, and China customs data from 2000 to 2009. Our estimation result shows that overall, e-commerce platforms significantly increase firm export probability and volume;e-commerce platforms enable firms to export products of different types to more countries by reducing the cost of information and export markets threshold while raising trade efficiency. Further analysis of enterprise heterogeneity reveals that SMEs, firms in China's eastern region, and general exporters benefit more from e-commerce platforms than other types of firms do.展开更多
The rapid development of digital industries such as artificial intelligence and big data has fundamentally transformed production, providing new opportunities for the diversification of firms. Drawing on data from the...The rapid development of digital industries such as artificial intelligence and big data has fundamentally transformed production, providing new opportunities for the diversification of firms. Drawing on data from the China Customs Database and the Annual Survey of Industrial Firms for 2003–2013, we employed a panel fixed effects model to examine the impact of digital industry agglomeration on firms' export product diversification. The findings revealed that, holding other conditions constant, a one-unit increase in digital industry agglomeration resulted in a significant 2.34 percent rise in export scope and a significant decrease by 0.58 percent in export concentration. Firms in digitally advanced cities and capital-intensive industries were more influenced by digital industry agglomeration in export diversification. Mechanism analysis reveals that digital industry agglomeration fostered export product diversification through innovation stimulation, information dissemination, and efficiency enhancement. Innovation was evidenced by increases in urban innovation indices and the emergence of new export products. Information dissemination boosted wholesale and retail sales, helping firms to expand export destinations. Efficiency enhancement was reflected in narrowing management efficiency gaps among firms.展开更多
Urban agglomeration has become the main form of regional spatial organization in China.While most of the existing studies of urban agglomeration in China have focused on the eastern coastal areas,urban agglomeration w...Urban agglomeration has become the main form of regional spatial organization in China.While most of the existing studies of urban agglomeration in China have focused on the eastern coastal areas,urban agglomeration with mid-level development in the rest of the country has been overlooke1.To better understand the urbanization process of the mid-level developing urban agglomeration,this study investigated the clustering pattern and the drivers of both urban population and firm dynamics during 2005-2015 in the Changsha-Zhuzhou-Xiangtan(Chang-Zhu-Tan)urban agglomeration of China using the methods ofkernel density estimation and geographic detection.Our results show that centralization was obvious,although decentralization also occurred in Chang-Zhu-Tan,and that the spatial agglomeration was promoted by several factors,such as administrative resources,location advantage,labor cost,and consumption capacity.Some problems hindering the development of this region were also discovered:administrative resources played a critical role in urbanization because small towns and villages did not receive enough attention,and the effect of local policy was not as beneficial as expected.These findings partly explain the relatively slow development of mid-level developing urban agglomerations and have important implications for promoting healthier urbanization.展开更多
Based on the market segmentation theory,this paper employed data on China-US trade and firm R&D,innovation and TFP to investigate the long-term effects of China’s manufacturing exports on firm innovation in the U...Based on the market segmentation theory,this paper employed data on China-US trade and firm R&D,innovation and TFP to investigate the long-term effects of China’s manufacturing exports on firm innovation in the US from an heterogeneity perspective,and tested the underlying mechanism.The authors found that in the long run,China’s manufacturing exports had to some extent increased manufacturing firm innovation in the US.The effect is highly heterogeneous across various manufacturing sectors.While Chinese exports affect the innovation output of non-core manufacturing firms in the US,they did little on the innovation of core manufacturing firms in the US.In the long run,the cumulative R&D input of core manufacturing firms in the US has not decreased significantly,and factors of production had migrated from non-core to core manufacturing sectors.Such a reallocation of production factors has increased specialization and overall innovation output from US manufacturing firms.By demonstrating that the rise of developing countries is consistent with the theory of comparative advantages,this paper refutes the“China threat”narrative touted by some developed countries,and provides scientific basis for rational resource allocation and international division of labor.展开更多
This paper represents an attempt to test the relationship between the exports and productivity of Chinese firms using the data set of nearly 3 million industrial firms in 20 industrial sectors over the period 1998-200...This paper represents an attempt to test the relationship between the exports and productivity of Chinese firms using the data set of nearly 3 million industrial firms in 20 industrial sectors over the period 1998-2007. Our test finds that non-export firms were more productive than export firms, and exports were negatively related to productivity-namely that the lower the productivity of a firm, the higher its exports. This finding is in contradiction with the hypothesis of new-new trade theory. The contradiction is referred to as the "productivity paradox" in this paper. Further tests find that firm size is a key factor affecting firm exports, but the impact of exports on firm productivity is insignif icant. This paper reckons that the "productivity paradox" of Chinese export firms may be attributed to the disproportionate share of processing trade in export trade.展开更多
This study utilizes panel data from 293 Chinese cities at the prefecture level or above,spanning from 2013 to 2022,to empirically examine the net effects and underlying mechanisms of establishing pilot free trade zone...This study utilizes panel data from 293 Chinese cities at the prefecture level or above,spanning from 2013 to 2022,to empirically examine the net effects and underlying mechanisms of establishing pilot free trade zones(FTZs)on integration into the digital global value chain(DGVC).The results demonstrate that the establishment of pilot FTZs positively promotes integration into the DGVC and generates a spatial spillover effect.Compared to coastal areas and small-and medium-sized cities,pilot FTZs have a more significant impact on the integration of inland regions and large cities into the DGVC.Mechanism tests reveal that pilot FTZs drive integration into the DGVC primarily by promoting digital industry agglomeration and enhancing the technological content of exports.Furthermore,bilateral foreign direct investment and digital trade rules positively amplify the impact of pilot FTZs on integration into the DGVC.Therefore,this study recommends comprehensively deepening the development of pilot FTZs,consistently enhancing the technological content of exports,and proactively establishing a sound digital trade regulatory framework.These recommendations offer valuable insights for DGVC integration and the construction of a high-standard free trade network.展开更多
文摘Using Chinese manufacturing data between 1998 and 2007, this paper in- vestigates the impact of agglomeration on firm＇s export behavior. It is found that the agglomeration of manufacturing industries in China over this period increases firm＇s export probability as well as its export volume, and the impact is larger for more ef- ficient firms. However, the impact on firm＇s export volume depends on the degree of agglomeration. When the degree of agglomeration is low, an increase in agglomera- tion would expand firm＇s export volume but the impact will be diminishing and even turns negative if the degree of agglomeration is already very high.
文摘With deepening digital technology applications in international trade, e-commerce platforms have become a major avenue for firm export. Based on a multicountry, multi-product heterogeneous firms trade theory model, this paper investigates the firm export effects of e-commerce platforms, and empirically tests the inferences from the model using data from Alibaba China Station, China industrial enterprises data, and China customs data from 2000 to 2009. Our estimation result shows that overall, e-commerce platforms significantly increase firm export probability and volume;e-commerce platforms enable firms to export products of different types to more countries by reducing the cost of information and export markets threshold while raising trade efficiency. Further analysis of enterprise heterogeneity reveals that SMEs, firms in China's eastern region, and general exporters benefit more from e-commerce platforms than other types of firms do.
基金support from the Beijing Municipal Education Commission(No.SM202110038012)the Research Projects of High-end Think Tanks in the Capital(No.GDZK20230107004)+1 种基金the National Social Science Fund of China(No.2lAJY025)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities in the University of International Business and Economics(No.24SY06).
文摘The rapid development of digital industries such as artificial intelligence and big data has fundamentally transformed production, providing new opportunities for the diversification of firms. Drawing on data from the China Customs Database and the Annual Survey of Industrial Firms for 2003–2013, we employed a panel fixed effects model to examine the impact of digital industry agglomeration on firms' export product diversification. The findings revealed that, holding other conditions constant, a one-unit increase in digital industry agglomeration resulted in a significant 2.34 percent rise in export scope and a significant decrease by 0.58 percent in export concentration. Firms in digitally advanced cities and capital-intensive industries were more influenced by digital industry agglomeration in export diversification. Mechanism analysis reveals that digital industry agglomeration fostered export product diversification through innovation stimulation, information dissemination, and efficiency enhancement. Innovation was evidenced by increases in urban innovation indices and the emergence of new export products. Information dissemination boosted wholesale and retail sales, helping firms to expand export destinations. Efficiency enhancement was reflected in narrowing management efficiency gaps among firms.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(41301192)the Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province(2020JJ4056)the Key Project of Education Department of Hunan Province(19A333).
文摘Urban agglomeration has become the main form of regional spatial organization in China.While most of the existing studies of urban agglomeration in China have focused on the eastern coastal areas,urban agglomeration with mid-level development in the rest of the country has been overlooke1.To better understand the urbanization process of the mid-level developing urban agglomeration,this study investigated the clustering pattern and the drivers of both urban population and firm dynamics during 2005-2015 in the Changsha-Zhuzhou-Xiangtan(Chang-Zhu-Tan)urban agglomeration of China using the methods ofkernel density estimation and geographic detection.Our results show that centralization was obvious,although decentralization also occurred in Chang-Zhu-Tan,and that the spatial agglomeration was promoted by several factors,such as administrative resources,location advantage,labor cost,and consumption capacity.Some problems hindering the development of this region were also discovered:administrative resources played a critical role in urbanization because small towns and villages did not receive enough attention,and the effect of local policy was not as beneficial as expected.These findings partly explain the relatively slow development of mid-level developing urban agglomerations and have important implications for promoting healthier urbanization.
文摘Based on the market segmentation theory,this paper employed data on China-US trade and firm R&D,innovation and TFP to investigate the long-term effects of China’s manufacturing exports on firm innovation in the US from an heterogeneity perspective,and tested the underlying mechanism.The authors found that in the long run,China’s manufacturing exports had to some extent increased manufacturing firm innovation in the US.The effect is highly heterogeneous across various manufacturing sectors.While Chinese exports affect the innovation output of non-core manufacturing firms in the US,they did little on the innovation of core manufacturing firms in the US.In the long run,the cumulative R&D input of core manufacturing firms in the US has not decreased significantly,and factors of production had migrated from non-core to core manufacturing sectors.Such a reallocation of production factors has increased specialization and overall innovation output from US manufacturing firms.By demonstrating that the rise of developing countries is consistent with the theory of comparative advantages,this paper refutes the“China threat”narrative touted by some developed countries,and provides scientific basis for rational resource allocation and international division of labor.
基金funded by the bigness program of Institute of World Economics and Politics at the Chinese Academy of Social Sciencethe Center for International Competitiveness of Chinese Economy under the "985 Program" of Fudan University for providing the invaluable data used in this paper
文摘This paper represents an attempt to test the relationship between the exports and productivity of Chinese firms using the data set of nearly 3 million industrial firms in 20 industrial sectors over the period 1998-2007. Our test finds that non-export firms were more productive than export firms, and exports were negatively related to productivity-namely that the lower the productivity of a firm, the higher its exports. This finding is in contradiction with the hypothesis of new-new trade theory. The contradiction is referred to as the "productivity paradox" in this paper. Further tests find that firm size is a key factor affecting firm exports, but the impact of exports on firm productivity is insignif icant. This paper reckons that the "productivity paradox" of Chinese export firms may be attributed to the disproportionate share of processing trade in export trade.
基金supported by the Key Project of the Hainan Province Marxist Theory Research and Development Program,titled“Research on the Opportunities and Challenges of the Digital Economy Partnership Agreement(DEPA)for the Construction of the Hainan Free Trade Port”(Grant Number:2023HNMGC02).
文摘This study utilizes panel data from 293 Chinese cities at the prefecture level or above,spanning from 2013 to 2022,to empirically examine the net effects and underlying mechanisms of establishing pilot free trade zones(FTZs)on integration into the digital global value chain(DGVC).The results demonstrate that the establishment of pilot FTZs positively promotes integration into the DGVC and generates a spatial spillover effect.Compared to coastal areas and small-and medium-sized cities,pilot FTZs have a more significant impact on the integration of inland regions and large cities into the DGVC.Mechanism tests reveal that pilot FTZs drive integration into the DGVC primarily by promoting digital industry agglomeration and enhancing the technological content of exports.Furthermore,bilateral foreign direct investment and digital trade rules positively amplify the impact of pilot FTZs on integration into the DGVC.Therefore,this study recommends comprehensively deepening the development of pilot FTZs,consistently enhancing the technological content of exports,and proactively establishing a sound digital trade regulatory framework.These recommendations offer valuable insights for DGVC integration and the construction of a high-standard free trade network.
