Some plants have proven efficacy in the management of diabetes mellitus, of which Costus afer is one. This study was designed to evaluate the cytological and biochemical properties, and comparative ameliorating effect...Some plants have proven efficacy in the management of diabetes mellitus, of which Costus afer is one. This study was designed to evaluate the cytological and biochemical properties, and comparative ameliorating effects, of an aqueous extract of Costus afer Ker Gawl.(Costaceae) leaf and glibenclamide(GBM), in liver, kidney, and pancreatic injury induced by alloxan. Thirty male albino rats were divided into six weight-matched groups. Group one served as the negative control(non-induced and non-treated, control), while groups 2–6 were alloxan-induced diabetic groups. Group 2 served as a positive control(induced and non-treated, IC), groups 3–5 were treated with different doses of the extract(375, 750, and 1 125 mg/kg body weight) and glibenclamide, respectively. Body weight, absolute and relative organ weights, food and fluid intake, levels of serum glucose and liver enzymes and kidney parameters were calculated and compared. Hepatocytes, renal tubules, and pancreatic cells of diabetic rats, in diabetic non-treated and treated rats were harvested and examined histopathologically. There was dose dependent amelioration on the injuries induced by alloxan on both hepatocytes, renal tubules, and pancreatic cells after treatment with Costus afer. The glucose level was reduced significantly in the Costus afer treated diabetic rats compared with the non-treated diabetic group. Costus afer leaves seem to be effective against diabetic cell injury induced in rat liver, kidney, and pancreas.展开更多
Absolute methanol extract leaf of Costus afer was comprehensively investigated for free radical scavenging activities and antioxidant activities using battery of testing:1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl(DPPH)scavenging,h...Absolute methanol extract leaf of Costus afer was comprehensively investigated for free radical scavenging activities and antioxidant activities using battery of testing:1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl(DPPH)scavenging,hydroxyl radical scavenging,hydrogen peroxide radical scavenging,2,2-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid)(ABTS)scavenging,nitric oxide inhibition,anti-lipid peroxidation,ferrous chelating potential,reducing power potential,total antioxidant capacity,cupric reducing antioxidant capacity CUPRAC and ferric reducing antioxidant power(FRAP).The content of phenol,flavonoid,cupric,anthocyanin were also investigated.The results suggest that the antioxidant potentials of the extract may be responsible for its medicinal potentials.Cell viability assay revealed that up to12g/ml of the extract is safe for Chang liver cell and no sign of toxicity was observed after the extract treatment of 2000 mg/kg in albino rats.展开更多
The Plant, Costus afer Ker Gawl. belongs to the family of Costaceae and has various uses where they exist. Their use in folk medicine and phytomedicine is in the treatment and management of variety of human ailment, l...The Plant, Costus afer Ker Gawl. belongs to the family of Costaceae and has various uses where they exist. Their use in folk medicine and phytomedicine is in the treatment and management of variety of human ailment, like diabetes mellitus, abdominal problems etc. The search for new antidiabetic therapies has become increasingly urgent due to the development of adverse effects and resistance by the chemically synthesized drugs on one hand and effectiveness with low cost of the plant materials on the other hand. The investigations carried out is to determine the long term effects of Costus afer leaf methanol extract, snail slime and the combined Costus afer and snail slime extracts on blood glucose levels of alloxan induced diabetic Swiss albino rats treated orally for 21 days on graded dose of (100 mg/kg and 300 mg/kg). From the determination, the snail slime showed positive effect on blood glucose lowering level but less effective when compared with similar dose of the Costus afer leaf methanol extract. The investigation indicated that there was 103 mg/dL and 87 mg/dL blood glucose reduction for the low dose of Costus afer and Snail slime respectively while the standard hypoglycemic drug (Glibenclamide, 5 mg/kg) used for comparison yielded a blood glucose level reduction of 103 mg/dL. Similarly, the high dose used in the study gave a blood glucose reduction of 99 mg/dL and 95 mg/dL for Costus afer leaf methanol extract and Snail slime respectively. The results obtained when alloxan induced rats was treated with C. afer leaf methanol extract, Snail slime extract, and combined C. afer and snail slime extracts was analysed using Statistix 8.0 American version. The result showed a dose dependent fashion and the difference obtained from the compared results was statistically significant at p 1]. Still to that, medicinal and pharmacological activities of medicinal plants are often attributed to the presence of the so called secondary plant metabolites. Hence this regenerative capacity of snail slime and the fact that diabetes is characterized by damage of the pancreatic beta cells, may give credit to the hypoglycaemic effect observed in Costus afer methanol leaf extract and snail slime for possible drug formulation for anti-diabetic remedy. Our findings may approve snail slime which is insoluble in both acid and alkaline medium, to act as a carrier of chemical and biological nanoparticles for medical and pharmaceutical use.展开更多
Objective:To evaluate the anti-inflammatory activity of a tropical African medicinal plant,Costus afer(C.afer)Ker Gawl.in vitro and identify the chemical constituents in the most active fraction.Methods:Hexane,ethyl a...Objective:To evaluate the anti-inflammatory activity of a tropical African medicinal plant,Costus afer(C.afer)Ker Gawl.in vitro and identify the chemical constituents in the most active fraction.Methods:Hexane,ethyl acetate,n-butanol and aqueous fractions obtained through successive solvent partitioning of 70%methanolic leaf or stem extracts of C.afer were subjected to in vitro anti-inflammatory screening assays viz.anti-denaturation of protein,stabilization of human red blood cell(HRBC)membrane against hypotonicity-induced hemolysis and anti-proteinase activities.Diclofenac sodium was used as a standard drug.The chemical compounds in the most active fraction were determined using quantitative phytochemical and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC/MS)analytical methods,comparing the mass spectra of the GC/MS identified compounds with those of the National Institute of Standards and Technology(NIST)database library.Results:The hexane fraction of C.afer leaf(HFCAL)with an IC50 of 33.36μg/mL,33μg/mL and 212.77μg/mL exhibited the highest anti-denaturation of protein,stabilization of HRBC membrane and anti-proteinase activities respectively when compared with other test fractions.The GC/MS identified compounds in HFCAL known to possess anti-inflammatory property were terpenoids(naphthalene 1,6-dimethyl-;naphthalene 2,3-dimethyl-;phytol),phenol[phenol 2,4-bis(1,1-dimethylethyl)],coumaran[2(4H)-benzofuranone,5,6,7,7a-tetrahydro-4,4,7atrimethyl and fatty acids(pentadecanoic acid;hexadecanoic acid;n-hexadecanoic acid;9,12-octadecanoic acid-methyl ester;9,12,15 octadecatrienoic acid and cis-vaccenic acid)].Conclusion:Therefore,HFCAL could be considered as a potential source of anti-inflammatory agents for herbal formulation or pharmaceutical drug production.展开更多
目的基于决策树模型评价玉屏风胶囊治疗慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)稳定期的成本-效果。方法从医疗卫生体系角度出发,采用TreeAge Pro 2018.2.1软件构建决策树模型,模拟玉屏风胶囊联合西医常规疗法相比于西医常规疗法治疗COPD的总成本和临...目的基于决策树模型评价玉屏风胶囊治疗慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)稳定期的成本-效果。方法从医疗卫生体系角度出发,采用TreeAge Pro 2018.2.1软件构建决策树模型,模拟玉屏风胶囊联合西医常规疗法相比于西医常规疗法治疗COPD的总成本和临床产出,并进行增量分析和敏感性分析。其中成本数据来源于相关价格网站,疗效数据来源于Meta分析。结果与对照组比较,玉屏风胶囊组的增量成本和增量效果分别为1069.2元和1.3次,增量成本-效果比(ICER)为822.46元,也就是说,用玉屏风胶囊联合西医常规疗法治疗COPD稳定期患者,每少发生1次急性加重次数,要多支出822.46元。以2020年人均可支配收入(32189元,国家统计局)作为基础分析的参考标准,ICER占人均可支配收入的2.56%。因此,在假设2020年人均可支配收入是患者的意愿支付阈值的情况下,玉屏风胶囊联合常规疗法比单用常规疗法更经济。敏感性分析结果表明基础分析结果较稳健。结论玉屏风胶囊联合西医常规疗法较单用西医常规疗法在减少急性加重次数方面的经济性更优。展开更多
文摘Some plants have proven efficacy in the management of diabetes mellitus, of which Costus afer is one. This study was designed to evaluate the cytological and biochemical properties, and comparative ameliorating effects, of an aqueous extract of Costus afer Ker Gawl.(Costaceae) leaf and glibenclamide(GBM), in liver, kidney, and pancreatic injury induced by alloxan. Thirty male albino rats were divided into six weight-matched groups. Group one served as the negative control(non-induced and non-treated, control), while groups 2–6 were alloxan-induced diabetic groups. Group 2 served as a positive control(induced and non-treated, IC), groups 3–5 were treated with different doses of the extract(375, 750, and 1 125 mg/kg body weight) and glibenclamide, respectively. Body weight, absolute and relative organ weights, food and fluid intake, levels of serum glucose and liver enzymes and kidney parameters were calculated and compared. Hepatocytes, renal tubules, and pancreatic cells of diabetic rats, in diabetic non-treated and treated rats were harvested and examined histopathologically. There was dose dependent amelioration on the injuries induced by alloxan on both hepatocytes, renal tubules, and pancreatic cells after treatment with Costus afer. The glucose level was reduced significantly in the Costus afer treated diabetic rats compared with the non-treated diabetic group. Costus afer leaves seem to be effective against diabetic cell injury induced in rat liver, kidney, and pancreas.
基金Authors are grateful to TETfund,Nigeria that provided grant for ATG to perform cell related study at GD laboratory.
文摘Absolute methanol extract leaf of Costus afer was comprehensively investigated for free radical scavenging activities and antioxidant activities using battery of testing:1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl(DPPH)scavenging,hydroxyl radical scavenging,hydrogen peroxide radical scavenging,2,2-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid)(ABTS)scavenging,nitric oxide inhibition,anti-lipid peroxidation,ferrous chelating potential,reducing power potential,total antioxidant capacity,cupric reducing antioxidant capacity CUPRAC and ferric reducing antioxidant power(FRAP).The content of phenol,flavonoid,cupric,anthocyanin were also investigated.The results suggest that the antioxidant potentials of the extract may be responsible for its medicinal potentials.Cell viability assay revealed that up to12g/ml of the extract is safe for Chang liver cell and no sign of toxicity was observed after the extract treatment of 2000 mg/kg in albino rats.
文摘The Plant, Costus afer Ker Gawl. belongs to the family of Costaceae and has various uses where they exist. Their use in folk medicine and phytomedicine is in the treatment and management of variety of human ailment, like diabetes mellitus, abdominal problems etc. The search for new antidiabetic therapies has become increasingly urgent due to the development of adverse effects and resistance by the chemically synthesized drugs on one hand and effectiveness with low cost of the plant materials on the other hand. The investigations carried out is to determine the long term effects of Costus afer leaf methanol extract, snail slime and the combined Costus afer and snail slime extracts on blood glucose levels of alloxan induced diabetic Swiss albino rats treated orally for 21 days on graded dose of (100 mg/kg and 300 mg/kg). From the determination, the snail slime showed positive effect on blood glucose lowering level but less effective when compared with similar dose of the Costus afer leaf methanol extract. The investigation indicated that there was 103 mg/dL and 87 mg/dL blood glucose reduction for the low dose of Costus afer and Snail slime respectively while the standard hypoglycemic drug (Glibenclamide, 5 mg/kg) used for comparison yielded a blood glucose level reduction of 103 mg/dL. Similarly, the high dose used in the study gave a blood glucose reduction of 99 mg/dL and 95 mg/dL for Costus afer leaf methanol extract and Snail slime respectively. The results obtained when alloxan induced rats was treated with C. afer leaf methanol extract, Snail slime extract, and combined C. afer and snail slime extracts was analysed using Statistix 8.0 American version. The result showed a dose dependent fashion and the difference obtained from the compared results was statistically significant at p 1]. Still to that, medicinal and pharmacological activities of medicinal plants are often attributed to the presence of the so called secondary plant metabolites. Hence this regenerative capacity of snail slime and the fact that diabetes is characterized by damage of the pancreatic beta cells, may give credit to the hypoglycaemic effect observed in Costus afer methanol leaf extract and snail slime for possible drug formulation for anti-diabetic remedy. Our findings may approve snail slime which is insoluble in both acid and alkaline medium, to act as a carrier of chemical and biological nanoparticles for medical and pharmaceutical use.
文摘Objective:To evaluate the anti-inflammatory activity of a tropical African medicinal plant,Costus afer(C.afer)Ker Gawl.in vitro and identify the chemical constituents in the most active fraction.Methods:Hexane,ethyl acetate,n-butanol and aqueous fractions obtained through successive solvent partitioning of 70%methanolic leaf or stem extracts of C.afer were subjected to in vitro anti-inflammatory screening assays viz.anti-denaturation of protein,stabilization of human red blood cell(HRBC)membrane against hypotonicity-induced hemolysis and anti-proteinase activities.Diclofenac sodium was used as a standard drug.The chemical compounds in the most active fraction were determined using quantitative phytochemical and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC/MS)analytical methods,comparing the mass spectra of the GC/MS identified compounds with those of the National Institute of Standards and Technology(NIST)database library.Results:The hexane fraction of C.afer leaf(HFCAL)with an IC50 of 33.36μg/mL,33μg/mL and 212.77μg/mL exhibited the highest anti-denaturation of protein,stabilization of HRBC membrane and anti-proteinase activities respectively when compared with other test fractions.The GC/MS identified compounds in HFCAL known to possess anti-inflammatory property were terpenoids(naphthalene 1,6-dimethyl-;naphthalene 2,3-dimethyl-;phytol),phenol[phenol 2,4-bis(1,1-dimethylethyl)],coumaran[2(4H)-benzofuranone,5,6,7,7a-tetrahydro-4,4,7atrimethyl and fatty acids(pentadecanoic acid;hexadecanoic acid;n-hexadecanoic acid;9,12-octadecanoic acid-methyl ester;9,12,15 octadecatrienoic acid and cis-vaccenic acid)].Conclusion:Therefore,HFCAL could be considered as a potential source of anti-inflammatory agents for herbal formulation or pharmaceutical drug production.
文摘目的基于决策树模型评价玉屏风胶囊治疗慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)稳定期的成本-效果。方法从医疗卫生体系角度出发,采用TreeAge Pro 2018.2.1软件构建决策树模型,模拟玉屏风胶囊联合西医常规疗法相比于西医常规疗法治疗COPD的总成本和临床产出,并进行增量分析和敏感性分析。其中成本数据来源于相关价格网站,疗效数据来源于Meta分析。结果与对照组比较,玉屏风胶囊组的增量成本和增量效果分别为1069.2元和1.3次,增量成本-效果比(ICER)为822.46元,也就是说,用玉屏风胶囊联合西医常规疗法治疗COPD稳定期患者,每少发生1次急性加重次数,要多支出822.46元。以2020年人均可支配收入(32189元,国家统计局)作为基础分析的参考标准,ICER占人均可支配收入的2.56%。因此,在假设2020年人均可支配收入是患者的意愿支付阈值的情况下,玉屏风胶囊联合常规疗法比单用常规疗法更经济。敏感性分析结果表明基础分析结果较稳健。结论玉屏风胶囊联合西医常规疗法较单用西医常规疗法在减少急性加重次数方面的经济性更优。
