Infant-care behavior,a range of caring behaviors by parental or alloparental individuals towards infants unable to live independently,plays asignifcant role in the survival of infants and the continuation of the speci...Infant-care behavior,a range of caring behaviors by parental or alloparental individuals towards infants unable to live independently,plays asignifcant role in the survival of infants and the continuation of the species in non-human primates.During a behavioral ecological study ofTaihangshan macaques,we observed 2 cases of infant adoptions by unrelated adult females.In case 1,a multiparous female adopted a lostinfant from a neighboring group,with the infant being snatched back by her biological mother 35 days after the adoption.This is the frst report ofcross-group adoption in Macaca.In case 2,a nulliparous adult female,who had been once adopted by her elder sister,adopted an orphan fromher group for 36 days.We describe the details of adoptions in Taihangshan macaques and explore possible reasons for adoptions to contributeto understanding the evolution of infant-care behavior and altruistic behavior of adoption in primates.展开更多
Cryptocurrency adoption has gained significant attention across various fields owing to its disruptive potential and associated challenges.However,companies'adoption of cryptocurrencies remains relatively low.This...Cryptocurrency adoption has gained significant attention across various fields owing to its disruptive potential and associated challenges.However,companies'adoption of cryptocurrencies remains relatively low.This study aims to comprehensively examine the factors influencing cryptocurrency adoption,their interrelationships,and their relative importance.To achieve this objective,we employ a Decision-Making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory(DEMATEL)approach coupled with network analysis tools.By adopting a practical approach rather than a purely theoretical one,our unique contribution lies in the valuable insights derived from experienced Chief Financial Officers(CFOs)of various companies with experience in both traditional finance and cryptocurrencies.Furthermore,the unique blend of analytical rigor and industry expertise supports the study's relevance,offering nuanced insights that are not only academically robust but also immediately applicable in the corporate landscape.Our findings highlight the paramount importance of safety in transactions and trust in the chosen platform for companies considering cryptocurrency adoption.Additionally,criteria such as faster transactions without geographical limitations,lower transaction fees,seamless integration with existing systems,and potential cost savings are identified as crucial drivers.Both the DEMATEL approach and network analysis reveal strong interconnections among the criteria,emphasizing their interdependence and,notably,their reliance on transactional safety.Furthermore,our causes and effects analysis indicates that CFOs perceive company-led cryptocurrency adoption to positively impact the broader cryptocurrency market.展开更多
Gabions are wire baskets filled with rocks and play a critical role in various civil engineering applications.These include roadside stabilization,riverbank protection,erosion control in gullies,dams,reservoirs,and fo...Gabions are wire baskets filled with rocks and play a critical role in various civil engineering applications.These include roadside stabilization,riverbank protection,erosion control in gullies,dams,reservoirs,and foundational support for structures.However,despite their importance,scientific research on gabion technology,particularly in developing countries like Nepal,remains limited.Key challenges include the durability and stability of gabion structures under adverse conditions.To address these gaps,the authors conducted laboratory experiments and field investigations along the Khar Khola River in Gorkha,Nepal.The laboratory experiments compared the performance of Japanese-style gabions and hybrid structures combining Japanese and Nepalese elements,both with and without geotextiles.Meanwhile,field investigations focused on evaluating gabion stability by measuring horizontal deformation.The findings revealed that constructed gabion revetments demonstrated negligible deformation across different designs,signifying high structural stability.However,ensuring long-term effectiveness requires careful installation of base foundations and launching aprons,especially after flooding events,which can destabilize soft foundations and cause bed scouring.The hybrid gabion,blending Japanese and Nepali techniques,emerged as a particularly effective alternative.This design demonstrated improved resilience and stability,retaining its structural integrity even after two years of exposure to flooding and environmental stressors,making it an adaptable and cost-efficient solution for developing regions.展开更多
Tobacco is an essential cash crop in Zimbabwe and a strategic livelihood option for hundreds of thousands of rural households. However, the crop is linked to negative environmental, economic, and social impacts. The e...Tobacco is an essential cash crop in Zimbabwe and a strategic livelihood option for hundreds of thousands of rural households. However, the crop is linked to negative environmental, economic, and social impacts. The existing studies on tobacco cultivation in Zimbabwe present contradictory findings on the determinants and impacts of adoption, leaving unanswered questions about the crop’s sustainability impact in the country. This article investigates the determinants of smallholder farmers’ decisions to grow tobacco and the associated impacts of adoption. Random and purposive sampling were used to select 273 household surveys, including tobacco and non-tobacco smallholder farmers, and 56 expert interviews to answer the research questions. We employed regression models alongside expert interviews and document analysis to identify the determinants influencing the decision-making process of smallholder farmers in Zimbabwe regarding tobacco cultivation. Additionally, our investigation aimed to elucidate the perceived impacts associated with the adoption of this agricultural practice. The regression analysis indicated that the farmer’s age, education level, farming experience, family size, household income, and perceived high farm profitability are significant drivers of tobacco adoption. We also discovered divergent and convergent perceptions of the critical impacts of tobacco cultivation. The study highlights the need for proactive multi-stakeholder collaboration and sustainable financial arrangements to address the negative impacts of tobacco production. As the primary stakeholder responsible for regulating and promoting agricultural activities, the Zimbabwean government should provide meaningful financial support, increase access to credit, and ensure better market facilities for alternative crops to reduce the over-dependence on tobacco.展开更多
Jordan is one of many countries that intends to reform its public sector by adopting accrual accounting,which is primarily carried out through the International Public Sector Accounting Standards(IPSAS)implementation ...Jordan is one of many countries that intends to reform its public sector by adopting accrual accounting,which is primarily carried out through the International Public Sector Accounting Standards(IPSAS)implementation plan,scheduled to be completed by 2021.Considering the difficulties of adoption,this process cannot be completed without an appropriate Information Technology(IT)system capable of providing the accounting information required for this reform.Therefore,this study aims to examine the influence of IT on accrual accounting adoption in the Jordanian public sector.The study employed the quantitative survey approach.Based on 331 usable questionnaires,the descriptive findings showed that the use of IT in the Jordanian public sector is relevant to daily accounting transactions in general and to accrual accounting in particular.The regression analysis showed a positive,significant relationship between IT use and accrual accounting practice.The IT specialist should be able to understand the needs of public sector in adopting accrual-based accounting.In line with today’s digitalization age,which integrates advanced technologies and numerous techniques,this study suggests that a combination of accounting and IT experts is a value added to sharpen the competitiveness of public sector reform.This study contributes to the extant literature in public sector,concerning the relationship between IT and accrual accounting adoption in the context of Jordan.展开更多
One of the many renewable energy sources that offer advantages is solar energy, which also lowers energy prices and promotes environmental sustainability and energy security. Despite these advantages, various barriers...One of the many renewable energy sources that offer advantages is solar energy, which also lowers energy prices and promotes environmental sustainability and energy security. Despite these advantages, various barriers, such as installation costs, have prevented small and medium-sized enterprises from investigating this invention. Malawi has a significant energy shortfall such that most businesses have been hindered from their profit maximization goals. The “Photovoltaic systems” (PV) that transform sunlight into electricity are the subject of this study. This type of solar energy system is situated on the building’s roof and generally produces electricity for businesses and even homes. Solar energy offers a great impact to small and medium enterprises in Mzuzu city with a cost-effective and dependable alternative to energy that has the potential to change the game. Therefore the aim of the study was to identify factors that encourage the adoption of solar energy among small medium enterprises in the city of Mzuzu city. And to identify some of barriers faced when adopting solar energy among small and medium enterprises in the city of Mzuzu. The research approach employed in the study was a survey. A survey is a type of research methodology in which primary data is gathered from a sample using a questionnaire. When information is to be gathered from a wider sample, a survey is employed. A bigger sample size was needed in this study in order to facilitate hypothesis testing. It is advised to apply a logical approach while using the survey. The survey utilized a five-point Likert scale. The study used convenience sampling to select study participants. The sample size in this study was determined using Cochran’s sample size formula. Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) and Microsoft Excel were used for statistical analysis. About 97.2% of the participants were aware of solar as a source of energy compared to 2.8 % who were unaware. The majority of participants use solar energy for lighting only, seconded by those who use electricity. The least number of participants use solar energy for cooling only. The majority of participants 21.5% indicated partnership and collaboration as the most motivating factor for the adoption of solar energy. This was followed by technical expertise 19.1 % the least number of participants 10.8% expressed that policy and regulatory frameworks were associated with the adoption of solar energy. This study found that there are no statistically significant factors influencing barriers to the adoption of solar energy. The price of solar energy adoption was identified as the least factor associated with the acceptance or rejection of solar energy. Nonetheless, the reasons given by the homes that had embraced solar technology aligned with the findings of other studies. This survey also found that although the public was aware of solar energy, and technology, there were still a number of factors that mattered, especially for non-adopters.展开更多
Blockchain technology holds significant promise for driving innovations across diverse industries, businesses, and applications. Recognized as a crucial source of competitive advantage in a fast-evolving environment, ...Blockchain technology holds significant promise for driving innovations across diverse industries, businesses, and applications. Recognized as a crucial source of competitive advantage in a fast-evolving environment, blockchain is anticipated to contribute substantially to sustainable economic and social development. Despite these high expectations, many blockchain projects currently face high failure rates, leading to negative impacts on various aspects of economic and social sustainability, including corporate governance, risk management, financial management, human resources, culture management, and competitiveness. This paper evaluates adoption models, identifying both risk and success factors. It introduces an integrated adoption model designed to operationalize, measure, and manage blockchain-driven business innovation sustainably. An empirical study involving 20 industry sectors and 125 business leaders was conducted to assess the model’s applicability. The findings indicate that the adoption model has the potential to support the sustainable implementation of blockchain technology for business innovations across various industries and applications. Future research and industry activities should continue validating this model through further case studies.展开更多
Expanding digital financial services(DFS)such as mobile money has become a key policy intervention for many developing and emerging countries as they seek to fast-track financial and economic inclusion.To date,adults ...Expanding digital financial services(DFS)such as mobile money has become a key policy intervention for many developing and emerging countries as they seek to fast-track financial and economic inclusion.To date,adults in these markets have had more mobile money accounts than traditional bank accounts.Numerous studies have used binary approaches to understand the factors explaining DFS adoption.However,there is a dearth of studies,that investigate the time to DFS adoption and factors that predict time to adoption.To close this gap,this study used a time-to-event analysis approach to estimate the time to DFS adoption and investigate the factors that explain the variation in time to adoption.Using a sample of 1800 survey respondents from Zimbabwe,the study found that it took 4.4 and 8.5 years,respectively,for urban and rural residents to adopt DFS.Overall,the findings show that individuals who are significantly more likely to adopt DFS faster are those residing in urban areas,near mobile money agents,banked,with high levels of education and financial literacy,middle-aged,belonging to social groups,and self-employed.In addition,an expansionary macroeconomic environment was associated with greater DFS adoption intensities.The findings also show that gender and income level do not predict the time to DFS adoption in the studied market.This study provides policy and practitioner recommendations for possible actions to accelerate the adoption of DFS.展开更多
This article examines the determinants of the adoption of solar pumping systems (PV) by vegetable farmers in the Niayes area of Senegal. To measure the determinants, we used a sequential logit model to translate the a...This article examines the determinants of the adoption of solar pumping systems (PV) by vegetable farmers in the Niayes area of Senegal. To measure the determinants, we used a sequential logit model to translate the adoption process from becoming aware of solar pumping systems to testing them, i.e. using them at least once, and then continuing to use them over time. The results show that the main variables affecting awareness of the use of solar pumping systems (PV) are age, marital status, experience, access to credit, the farmer’s knowledge of climate change, the farmer’s origin in the Thiès region and length of time in the Niayes area. The first use of PVs is influenced by factors such as the size of the plot, the distance of the plot from the main road or from the market. Finally, the decision to adopt or continue use is influenced by gender, experience, household size and access to credit. Surprisingly, access to credit does not affect the first use of solar pumping systems, but plays a key role in their continued use.展开更多
The construction sector is in need of further self-development due to recent innovations in technology.This is because the environmental problems which have been handled seriously all over the world in recent years,an...The construction sector is in need of further self-development due to recent innovations in technology.This is because the environmental problems which have been handled seriously all over the world in recent years,and studies related to the way of creating requirements and measures for healthy construction environments have been emphasized.For adoption of new technological construction products in that sector;a system which will encompass designers,contractors and users is required.For selection and widespread use of new technological products,the decision-making is not only sufficient but also cultural and socio-economic factors and conditions are gaining in importance.For the implementation and control of the new construction product assigned,a process of testing is required.The process of testing should be structured by allowing the use of new technological products in a system of continuous self-improvement by preventing the usage without change for a substantial amount of time.All of these processes have been examined within the scope of the doctoral thesis in model,which was developed for the adoption of technological innovation.In this study,the aim is to contribute to the creation of an appropriate adoption roadmap for constant self-renewal and self-improvement of construction environments,which are sensitive to the environment.展开更多
China is characterized as ’a large country with many smallholder farmers’ whose participation in modern agriculture is key to the country’s modern agriculture development. Promoting smallholder farmers’ adoption o...China is characterized as ’a large country with many smallholder farmers’ whose participation in modern agriculture is key to the country’s modern agriculture development. Promoting smallholder farmers’ adoption of modern agricultural production technology is one effective way to improve the capabilities of smallholder farmers. This paper aims to explore the impact of Internet use on the adoption of agricultural production technology by smallholder farmers based on a survey of 1 449 smallholders across 14 provinces in China. The results suggest that Internet use can significantly promote technology adoption, with the probability of adopting new crop varieties, water-saving irrigation technology and straw-returning technology increasing by 0.200, 0.157 and 0.155, respectively. Furthermore, the effect of Internet use is found to be heterogeneous with a greater effect on smallholder farmers having low education levels, limited training, and high incomes. To increase agricultural production technology adoption by smallholders, rural Internet infrastructure and Internet use promotion should be the focus for the Chinese government.展开更多
The use of improved high yielding crop varieties is an important avenue for reducing hunger and food insecurity in developing countries. Using cross-sectional data obtained from a survey conducted during 2013 crop sea...The use of improved high yielding crop varieties is an important avenue for reducing hunger and food insecurity in developing countries. Using cross-sectional data obtained from a survey conducted during 2013 crop season, we performed a probit model （plot-level analysis） to determine the probability of adopting new improved rice varieties （NIRVs） by smallholder farmers particularly from two main agro-ecological regions （hills and tropical plain terai regions） of Central Nepal. The results revealed that education, extension services and seed access play significant roles in adoption decisions. Additionally, farm and field characteristic variables such as farm size, endowment of favorable land type （e.g. lowlands）, and animal power （e.g. oxen） are the key factors influencing the probability of adopting NIRVs. The results showed that technology specific variables （e.g. yield potential and acceptability） are significant for explaining adoption behavior, implying that it is important to take farmers＇ preferences to varietal characteristics into consideration in the design of a research and development program. Given the significant role played by extension and access related variables, increased emphasis on information dissemination, field demonstration, and farmers＇ participatory research and training programs to popularize new rice varieties and enhance their adoption rate are required. This also suggests that policy intervention should be made on improving the educational status of farming households, and developing programs on varietal package of rice seed which offer farmers a variety of choices among the appropriate pools of germplasm. Such programs ultimately help farmers develop more profit-oriented behavior which are necessary to enhance adoption rate, production and food security in the long run.展开更多
This study uses TAM to examine the factors that influence the adoption of mobile payment in China.The proposed model is empirically evaluated based on TAM by using data collected from 370 users concerning their percep...This study uses TAM to examine the factors that influence the adoption of mobile payment in China.The proposed model is empirically evaluated based on TAM by using data collected from 370 users concerning their perceptions of mobile payment.The findings indicate that perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use have significant effects on users'attitude.Furthermore,network externality is also an important factor influencing the adoption.But customers have weak perceptions of the risks of M-payment.The results may provide further insights into mobile payment strategies.展开更多
This study examines the impact of farmers’cooperatives participation and technology adoption on their economic welfare in China.A double selectivity model(DSM)is applied to correct for sample selection bias stemming ...This study examines the impact of farmers’cooperatives participation and technology adoption on their economic welfare in China.A double selectivity model(DSM)is applied to correct for sample selection bias stemming from both observed and unobserved factors,and a propensity score matching(PSM)method is applied to calculate the agricultural income difference with counter factual analysis using survey data from 396 farmers in 15 provinces in China.The findings indicate that farmers who join farmer cooperatives and adopt agricultural technology can increase agricultural income by 2.77 and 2.35%,respectively,compared with those non-participants and non-adopters.Interestingly,the effect on agricultural income is found to be more significant for the low-income farmers than the high-income ones,with income increasing 5.45 and 4.51%when participating in farmer cooperatives and adopting agricultural technology,respectively.Our findings highlight the positive role of farmer cooperatives and agricultural technology in promoting farmers’economic welfare.Based on the findings,government policy implications are also discussed.展开更多
Background:The rapid development of the blockchain technology and its various applications has rendered it important to understand the guidelines for adopting it.Methods:The comparative analysis method is used to anal...Background:The rapid development of the blockchain technology and its various applications has rendered it important to understand the guidelines for adopting it.Methods:The comparative analysis method is used to analyze different dimensions of the maturity model,which is mainly based on the commonly used capability maturity model.Results:The blockchain maturity model and its adoption process have been discussed and presented.Conclusions:This study serves as a guide to institutions to make blockchain adoption decisions more systematically.展开更多
Adoption of certified and improved high-yielding crop varieties is important avenue for increasing agricultural productivity and improving the living standard of the farmers in developing countries. The main objective...Adoption of certified and improved high-yielding crop varieties is important avenue for increasing agricultural productivity and improving the living standard of the farmers in developing countries. The main objective of the current study was to examine factors affecting adoption of improved rice varieties by smallholder farmers in Northern Sindh, Pakistan. The random sampling technique was used to collect data from 220 smallholder rice farmers through the face to face interview. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and probit regression model. The empirical results showed that year of education(P ≤ 0.093), farming experience(P ≤ 0.043), soil quality(P ≤ 0.077), farm machinery ownership(P ≤ 0.000), access to market information(P ≤ 0.055) and contact with extension agents(P ≤ 0.006) had significantly positive influence on adoption of improved rice variety, while age(P ≤ 0.053) had significantly negative effect.展开更多
Highly pathogenic avian influenza （HPAI） contamination via wild birds and rodents poses a threat to food security and safety. As chicken meat comprises an increasing proportion of diet in China, it is useful to dete...Highly pathogenic avian influenza （HPAI） contamination via wild birds and rodents poses a threat to food security and safety. As chicken meat comprises an increasing proportion of diet in China, it is useful to determine whether broiler farmers are adopting wild bird and rodent controls to minimize the risk of HPAI impacts on food supply. Our study surveyed a cross sectional sample of 331 Chinese broiler farmers in six provinces. We find that only 47% of farmers （mainly farmers with large herds） adopted control measures against wild birds and rodents, while 14% adopted no measures. Farm size was the biggest driver of adoption followed by proportion of farm revenue derived from broiler production. However, southern farmers were at a far greater probability of non-adoption. We suggest that assistance in the form of education/training programs and subsidized traps or baiting controls across smaller producers could help raise of the adoption level toward more effective HPAI control.展开更多
Farmers'assessments of risk management strategies and how the assessments influence their willingness to adopt these strategies are poorly understood.This study conducts a structured survey of 469 farmers to inves...Farmers'assessments of risk management strategies and how the assessments influence their willingness to adopt these strategies are poorly understood.This study conducts a structured survey of 469 farmers to investigate how farmers assess both crop insurance and crop price insurance,the impact of the assessments on their adoption willingness,and in particular,the differences in assessments and adoption willingness between crop insurance and crop price insurance.Empirical results show that farmers’assessments on crop insurance can be significantly improved through communication and experience.The most effective way to improve farmers'assessments on crop price insurance is providing adequate information about the insurance products.Furthermore,farmers'adoption willingness would be enhanced by improved assessment of both crop yield and crop price insurance.This study provides the first empirical evidence that farmers have limited information to assess insurance,which significantly influences their willingness to adopt.This finding reflects that the dissemination of insurance policies,the effectiveness of insurance,and the availability of insurance services significantly enable farmers'ability to assess risk management strategies,which potentially increases farmers'willingness to adopt insurance.展开更多
Purpose:This paper aims to examine how the adoption decision of the internet banking in North Cyprus would be affected based on the following dimensions;the technology features,the personal characteristics,the social ...Purpose:This paper aims to examine how the adoption decision of the internet banking in North Cyprus would be affected based on the following dimensions;the technology features,the personal characteristics,the social environment and the expected risk.Design/methodology/approach:A self-administered survey was conducted with 291 participants responded to it.The partial least square approach of the structural equation modeling(PLS-SEM)is employed to investigate the direct effects of the proposed factors on the adoption decision.Additionally,the mediation test is used to examine indirect effects.Findings:Results showed that even though the participants appreciated the benefits of the online banking as the perceived usefulness factor exerts the greatest direct effect,they would rather use clear and easy-to-use websites,adding to that their assessments of the usefulness of these services are significantly influenced by the surrounding people’s views and prior experience.This is demonstrated by the total effects of the perceived ease of use and the subjective norm factors,which are greater than the direct effect of the perceived usefulness factor since both of these factors have significant direct and indirect effects mediated by the perceived usefulness factor.The negative impact of the perceived risk factor is weak compared to the previous factors.While the personal innovativeness factor showed the weakest effect among the proposed factors.展开更多
Integrated Pest Management （IPM） technologies can reduce pest damage to crops by emphasizing non-chemical control methods thereby reducing potential negative effects of chemicals on the environment while preserving ...Integrated Pest Management （IPM） technologies can reduce pest damage to crops by emphasizing non-chemical control methods thereby reducing potential negative effects of chemicals on the environment while preserving profitability. This study investigates the adoption of eight IPM practices including intercropping, crop rotation, two improved varieties, incorporating a ＂striga chaser＂ in sorghum production, changing planting dates, altering planting density and fertilizer use. Explanatory variables include economic factors, social factors, management factors, and institutional factors. Results were consistent across logit and ordered logit analyses. Most factors affecting adoption across all crops and technologies are economic factors, including labor availability, technology resource requirements, technology complexity, and the level of expected benefits. Social factors are generally less associated with IPM technology adoption than either market or institutional factors. Results indicate that the evaluated technologies were scale-neutral and that farmer age and education level did not affect technology adoption.展开更多
基金fnancially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.32070446).
文摘Infant-care behavior,a range of caring behaviors by parental or alloparental individuals towards infants unable to live independently,plays asignifcant role in the survival of infants and the continuation of the species in non-human primates.During a behavioral ecological study ofTaihangshan macaques,we observed 2 cases of infant adoptions by unrelated adult females.In case 1,a multiparous female adopted a lostinfant from a neighboring group,with the infant being snatched back by her biological mother 35 days after the adoption.This is the frst report ofcross-group adoption in Macaca.In case 2,a nulliparous adult female,who had been once adopted by her elder sister,adopted an orphan fromher group for 36 days.We describe the details of adoptions in Taihangshan macaques and explore possible reasons for adoptions to contributeto understanding the evolution of infant-care behavior and altruistic behavior of adoption in primates.
基金the financial support of Fundacao para a Ciencia e Tecnologia through the project number PTDC/EGE-ECO/7493/2020.
文摘Cryptocurrency adoption has gained significant attention across various fields owing to its disruptive potential and associated challenges.However,companies'adoption of cryptocurrencies remains relatively low.This study aims to comprehensively examine the factors influencing cryptocurrency adoption,their interrelationships,and their relative importance.To achieve this objective,we employ a Decision-Making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory(DEMATEL)approach coupled with network analysis tools.By adopting a practical approach rather than a purely theoretical one,our unique contribution lies in the valuable insights derived from experienced Chief Financial Officers(CFOs)of various companies with experience in both traditional finance and cryptocurrencies.Furthermore,the unique blend of analytical rigor and industry expertise supports the study's relevance,offering nuanced insights that are not only academically robust but also immediately applicable in the corporate landscape.Our findings highlight the paramount importance of safety in transactions and trust in the chosen platform for companies considering cryptocurrency adoption.Additionally,criteria such as faster transactions without geographical limitations,lower transaction fees,seamless integration with existing systems,and potential cost savings are identified as crucial drivers.Both the DEMATEL approach and network analysis reveal strong interconnections among the criteria,emphasizing their interdependence and,notably,their reliance on transactional safety.Furthermore,our causes and effects analysis indicates that CFOs perceive company-led cryptocurrency adoption to positively impact the broader cryptocurrency market.
文摘Gabions are wire baskets filled with rocks and play a critical role in various civil engineering applications.These include roadside stabilization,riverbank protection,erosion control in gullies,dams,reservoirs,and foundational support for structures.However,despite their importance,scientific research on gabion technology,particularly in developing countries like Nepal,remains limited.Key challenges include the durability and stability of gabion structures under adverse conditions.To address these gaps,the authors conducted laboratory experiments and field investigations along the Khar Khola River in Gorkha,Nepal.The laboratory experiments compared the performance of Japanese-style gabions and hybrid structures combining Japanese and Nepalese elements,both with and without geotextiles.Meanwhile,field investigations focused on evaluating gabion stability by measuring horizontal deformation.The findings revealed that constructed gabion revetments demonstrated negligible deformation across different designs,signifying high structural stability.However,ensuring long-term effectiveness requires careful installation of base foundations and launching aprons,especially after flooding events,which can destabilize soft foundations and cause bed scouring.The hybrid gabion,blending Japanese and Nepali techniques,emerged as a particularly effective alternative.This design demonstrated improved resilience and stability,retaining its structural integrity even after two years of exposure to flooding and environmental stressors,making it an adaptable and cost-efficient solution for developing regions.
文摘Tobacco is an essential cash crop in Zimbabwe and a strategic livelihood option for hundreds of thousands of rural households. However, the crop is linked to negative environmental, economic, and social impacts. The existing studies on tobacco cultivation in Zimbabwe present contradictory findings on the determinants and impacts of adoption, leaving unanswered questions about the crop’s sustainability impact in the country. This article investigates the determinants of smallholder farmers’ decisions to grow tobacco and the associated impacts of adoption. Random and purposive sampling were used to select 273 household surveys, including tobacco and non-tobacco smallholder farmers, and 56 expert interviews to answer the research questions. We employed regression models alongside expert interviews and document analysis to identify the determinants influencing the decision-making process of smallholder farmers in Zimbabwe regarding tobacco cultivation. Additionally, our investigation aimed to elucidate the perceived impacts associated with the adoption of this agricultural practice. The regression analysis indicated that the farmer’s age, education level, farming experience, family size, household income, and perceived high farm profitability are significant drivers of tobacco adoption. We also discovered divergent and convergent perceptions of the critical impacts of tobacco cultivation. The study highlights the need for proactive multi-stakeholder collaboration and sustainable financial arrangements to address the negative impacts of tobacco production. As the primary stakeholder responsible for regulating and promoting agricultural activities, the Zimbabwean government should provide meaningful financial support, increase access to credit, and ensure better market facilities for alternative crops to reduce the over-dependence on tobacco.
文摘Jordan is one of many countries that intends to reform its public sector by adopting accrual accounting,which is primarily carried out through the International Public Sector Accounting Standards(IPSAS)implementation plan,scheduled to be completed by 2021.Considering the difficulties of adoption,this process cannot be completed without an appropriate Information Technology(IT)system capable of providing the accounting information required for this reform.Therefore,this study aims to examine the influence of IT on accrual accounting adoption in the Jordanian public sector.The study employed the quantitative survey approach.Based on 331 usable questionnaires,the descriptive findings showed that the use of IT in the Jordanian public sector is relevant to daily accounting transactions in general and to accrual accounting in particular.The regression analysis showed a positive,significant relationship between IT use and accrual accounting practice.The IT specialist should be able to understand the needs of public sector in adopting accrual-based accounting.In line with today’s digitalization age,which integrates advanced technologies and numerous techniques,this study suggests that a combination of accounting and IT experts is a value added to sharpen the competitiveness of public sector reform.This study contributes to the extant literature in public sector,concerning the relationship between IT and accrual accounting adoption in the context of Jordan.
文摘One of the many renewable energy sources that offer advantages is solar energy, which also lowers energy prices and promotes environmental sustainability and energy security. Despite these advantages, various barriers, such as installation costs, have prevented small and medium-sized enterprises from investigating this invention. Malawi has a significant energy shortfall such that most businesses have been hindered from their profit maximization goals. The “Photovoltaic systems” (PV) that transform sunlight into electricity are the subject of this study. This type of solar energy system is situated on the building’s roof and generally produces electricity for businesses and even homes. Solar energy offers a great impact to small and medium enterprises in Mzuzu city with a cost-effective and dependable alternative to energy that has the potential to change the game. Therefore the aim of the study was to identify factors that encourage the adoption of solar energy among small medium enterprises in the city of Mzuzu city. And to identify some of barriers faced when adopting solar energy among small and medium enterprises in the city of Mzuzu. The research approach employed in the study was a survey. A survey is a type of research methodology in which primary data is gathered from a sample using a questionnaire. When information is to be gathered from a wider sample, a survey is employed. A bigger sample size was needed in this study in order to facilitate hypothesis testing. It is advised to apply a logical approach while using the survey. The survey utilized a five-point Likert scale. The study used convenience sampling to select study participants. The sample size in this study was determined using Cochran’s sample size formula. Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) and Microsoft Excel were used for statistical analysis. About 97.2% of the participants were aware of solar as a source of energy compared to 2.8 % who were unaware. The majority of participants use solar energy for lighting only, seconded by those who use electricity. The least number of participants use solar energy for cooling only. The majority of participants 21.5% indicated partnership and collaboration as the most motivating factor for the adoption of solar energy. This was followed by technical expertise 19.1 % the least number of participants 10.8% expressed that policy and regulatory frameworks were associated with the adoption of solar energy. This study found that there are no statistically significant factors influencing barriers to the adoption of solar energy. The price of solar energy adoption was identified as the least factor associated with the acceptance or rejection of solar energy. Nonetheless, the reasons given by the homes that had embraced solar technology aligned with the findings of other studies. This survey also found that although the public was aware of solar energy, and technology, there were still a number of factors that mattered, especially for non-adopters.
文摘Blockchain technology holds significant promise for driving innovations across diverse industries, businesses, and applications. Recognized as a crucial source of competitive advantage in a fast-evolving environment, blockchain is anticipated to contribute substantially to sustainable economic and social development. Despite these high expectations, many blockchain projects currently face high failure rates, leading to negative impacts on various aspects of economic and social sustainability, including corporate governance, risk management, financial management, human resources, culture management, and competitiveness. This paper evaluates adoption models, identifying both risk and success factors. It introduces an integrated adoption model designed to operationalize, measure, and manage blockchain-driven business innovation sustainably. An empirical study involving 20 industry sectors and 125 business leaders was conducted to assess the model’s applicability. The findings indicate that the adoption model has the potential to support the sustainable implementation of blockchain technology for business innovations across various industries and applications. Future research and industry activities should continue validating this model through further case studies.
文摘Expanding digital financial services(DFS)such as mobile money has become a key policy intervention for many developing and emerging countries as they seek to fast-track financial and economic inclusion.To date,adults in these markets have had more mobile money accounts than traditional bank accounts.Numerous studies have used binary approaches to understand the factors explaining DFS adoption.However,there is a dearth of studies,that investigate the time to DFS adoption and factors that predict time to adoption.To close this gap,this study used a time-to-event analysis approach to estimate the time to DFS adoption and investigate the factors that explain the variation in time to adoption.Using a sample of 1800 survey respondents from Zimbabwe,the study found that it took 4.4 and 8.5 years,respectively,for urban and rural residents to adopt DFS.Overall,the findings show that individuals who are significantly more likely to adopt DFS faster are those residing in urban areas,near mobile money agents,banked,with high levels of education and financial literacy,middle-aged,belonging to social groups,and self-employed.In addition,an expansionary macroeconomic environment was associated with greater DFS adoption intensities.The findings also show that gender and income level do not predict the time to DFS adoption in the studied market.This study provides policy and practitioner recommendations for possible actions to accelerate the adoption of DFS.
文摘This article examines the determinants of the adoption of solar pumping systems (PV) by vegetable farmers in the Niayes area of Senegal. To measure the determinants, we used a sequential logit model to translate the adoption process from becoming aware of solar pumping systems to testing them, i.e. using them at least once, and then continuing to use them over time. The results show that the main variables affecting awareness of the use of solar pumping systems (PV) are age, marital status, experience, access to credit, the farmer’s knowledge of climate change, the farmer’s origin in the Thiès region and length of time in the Niayes area. The first use of PVs is influenced by factors such as the size of the plot, the distance of the plot from the main road or from the market. Finally, the decision to adopt or continue use is influenced by gender, experience, household size and access to credit. Surprisingly, access to credit does not affect the first use of solar pumping systems, but plays a key role in their continued use.
文摘The construction sector is in need of further self-development due to recent innovations in technology.This is because the environmental problems which have been handled seriously all over the world in recent years,and studies related to the way of creating requirements and measures for healthy construction environments have been emphasized.For adoption of new technological construction products in that sector;a system which will encompass designers,contractors and users is required.For selection and widespread use of new technological products,the decision-making is not only sufficient but also cultural and socio-economic factors and conditions are gaining in importance.For the implementation and control of the new construction product assigned,a process of testing is required.The process of testing should be structured by allowing the use of new technological products in a system of continuous self-improvement by preventing the usage without change for a substantial amount of time.All of these processes have been examined within the scope of the doctoral thesis in model,which was developed for the adoption of technological innovation.In this study,the aim is to contribute to the creation of an appropriate adoption roadmap for constant self-renewal and self-improvement of construction environments,which are sensitive to the environment.
基金supported by the Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Program of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences(CAAS-ASTIP-IAED-2020-06CAAS-ASTIP-IAED-2021-SR-02CAAS-ASTIP-IAED-2021-06)。
文摘China is characterized as ’a large country with many smallholder farmers’ whose participation in modern agriculture is key to the country’s modern agriculture development. Promoting smallholder farmers’ adoption of modern agricultural production technology is one effective way to improve the capabilities of smallholder farmers. This paper aims to explore the impact of Internet use on the adoption of agricultural production technology by smallholder farmers based on a survey of 1 449 smallholders across 14 provinces in China. The results suggest that Internet use can significantly promote technology adoption, with the probability of adopting new crop varieties, water-saving irrigation technology and straw-returning technology increasing by 0.200, 0.157 and 0.155, respectively. Furthermore, the effect of Internet use is found to be heterogeneous with a greater effect on smallholder farmers having low education levels, limited training, and high incomes. To increase agricultural production technology adoption by smallholders, rural Internet infrastructure and Internet use promotion should be the focus for the Chinese government.
文摘The use of improved high yielding crop varieties is an important avenue for reducing hunger and food insecurity in developing countries. Using cross-sectional data obtained from a survey conducted during 2013 crop season, we performed a probit model （plot-level analysis） to determine the probability of adopting new improved rice varieties （NIRVs） by smallholder farmers particularly from two main agro-ecological regions （hills and tropical plain terai regions） of Central Nepal. The results revealed that education, extension services and seed access play significant roles in adoption decisions. Additionally, farm and field characteristic variables such as farm size, endowment of favorable land type （e.g. lowlands）, and animal power （e.g. oxen） are the key factors influencing the probability of adopting NIRVs. The results showed that technology specific variables （e.g. yield potential and acceptability） are significant for explaining adoption behavior, implying that it is important to take farmers＇ preferences to varietal characteristics into consideration in the design of a research and development program. Given the significant role played by extension and access related variables, increased emphasis on information dissemination, field demonstration, and farmers＇ participatory research and training programs to popularize new rice varieties and enhance their adoption rate are required. This also suggests that policy intervention should be made on improving the educational status of farming households, and developing programs on varietal package of rice seed which offer farmers a variety of choices among the appropriate pools of germplasm. Such programs ultimately help farmers develop more profit-oriented behavior which are necessary to enhance adoption rate, production and food security in the long run.
基金supported by China Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities under Grant No.BUPT2011RC1005
文摘This study uses TAM to examine the factors that influence the adoption of mobile payment in China.The proposed model is empirically evaluated based on TAM by using data collected from 370 users concerning their perceptions of mobile payment.The findings indicate that perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use have significant effects on users'attitude.Furthermore,network externality is also an important factor influencing the adoption.But customers have weak perceptions of the risks of M-payment.The results may provide further insights into mobile payment strategies.
基金the Special Project of Major Theoretical Research and Interpretation of Philosophy and Social Sciences of Chongqing Municipal Education Commission,China(19SKZDZX15)the Key Project of Humanities and Social Sciences Research of Chongqing Education Commission,China(18SKSJ003)the Funding for Cultivating Major Projects in Humanities and Social Sciences of Southwest University,China(SWU1809009)。
文摘This study examines the impact of farmers’cooperatives participation and technology adoption on their economic welfare in China.A double selectivity model(DSM)is applied to correct for sample selection bias stemming from both observed and unobserved factors,and a propensity score matching(PSM)method is applied to calculate the agricultural income difference with counter factual analysis using survey data from 396 farmers in 15 provinces in China.The findings indicate that farmers who join farmer cooperatives and adopt agricultural technology can increase agricultural income by 2.77 and 2.35%,respectively,compared with those non-participants and non-adopters.Interestingly,the effect on agricultural income is found to be more significant for the low-income farmers than the high-income ones,with income increasing 5.45 and 4.51%when participating in farmer cooperatives and adopting agricultural technology,respectively.Our findings highlight the positive role of farmer cooperatives and agricultural technology in promoting farmers’economic welfare.Based on the findings,government policy implications are also discussed.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.71601090).
文摘Background:The rapid development of the blockchain technology and its various applications has rendered it important to understand the guidelines for adopting it.Methods:The comparative analysis method is used to analyze different dimensions of the maturity model,which is mainly based on the commonly used capability maturity model.Results:The blockchain maturity model and its adoption process have been discussed and presented.Conclusions:This study serves as a guide to institutions to make blockchain adoption decisions more systematically.
基金the College of Economics, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China for its financial and moral support
文摘Adoption of certified and improved high-yielding crop varieties is important avenue for increasing agricultural productivity and improving the living standard of the farmers in developing countries. The main objective of the current study was to examine factors affecting adoption of improved rice varieties by smallholder farmers in Northern Sindh, Pakistan. The random sampling technique was used to collect data from 220 smallholder rice farmers through the face to face interview. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and probit regression model. The empirical results showed that year of education(P ≤ 0.093), farming experience(P ≤ 0.043), soil quality(P ≤ 0.077), farm machinery ownership(P ≤ 0.000), access to market information(P ≤ 0.055) and contact with extension agents(P ≤ 0.006) had significantly positive influence on adoption of improved rice variety, while age(P ≤ 0.053) had significantly negative effect.
基金supported by the Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Program,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (ASTIP-IAED-2016)the Modern Agro-industry Technology Research System,China (CARS42-G24)
文摘Highly pathogenic avian influenza （HPAI） contamination via wild birds and rodents poses a threat to food security and safety. As chicken meat comprises an increasing proportion of diet in China, it is useful to determine whether broiler farmers are adopting wild bird and rodent controls to minimize the risk of HPAI impacts on food supply. Our study surveyed a cross sectional sample of 331 Chinese broiler farmers in six provinces. We find that only 47% of farmers （mainly farmers with large herds） adopted control measures against wild birds and rodents, while 14% adopted no measures. Farm size was the biggest driver of adoption followed by proportion of farm revenue derived from broiler production. However, southern farmers were at a far greater probability of non-adoption. We suggest that assistance in the form of education/training programs and subsidized traps or baiting controls across smaller producers could help raise of the adoption level toward more effective HPAI control.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(72171099,71771101 and 71673103)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,China(2662020JGPYR04).
文摘Farmers'assessments of risk management strategies and how the assessments influence their willingness to adopt these strategies are poorly understood.This study conducts a structured survey of 469 farmers to investigate how farmers assess both crop insurance and crop price insurance,the impact of the assessments on their adoption willingness,and in particular,the differences in assessments and adoption willingness between crop insurance and crop price insurance.Empirical results show that farmers’assessments on crop insurance can be significantly improved through communication and experience.The most effective way to improve farmers'assessments on crop price insurance is providing adequate information about the insurance products.Furthermore,farmers'adoption willingness would be enhanced by improved assessment of both crop yield and crop price insurance.This study provides the first empirical evidence that farmers have limited information to assess insurance,which significantly influences their willingness to adopt.This finding reflects that the dissemination of insurance policies,the effectiveness of insurance,and the availability of insurance services significantly enable farmers'ability to assess risk management strategies,which potentially increases farmers'willingness to adopt insurance.
文摘Purpose:This paper aims to examine how the adoption decision of the internet banking in North Cyprus would be affected based on the following dimensions;the technology features,the personal characteristics,the social environment and the expected risk.Design/methodology/approach:A self-administered survey was conducted with 291 participants responded to it.The partial least square approach of the structural equation modeling(PLS-SEM)is employed to investigate the direct effects of the proposed factors on the adoption decision.Additionally,the mediation test is used to examine indirect effects.Findings:Results showed that even though the participants appreciated the benefits of the online banking as the perceived usefulness factor exerts the greatest direct effect,they would rather use clear and easy-to-use websites,adding to that their assessments of the usefulness of these services are significantly influenced by the surrounding people’s views and prior experience.This is demonstrated by the total effects of the perceived ease of use and the subjective norm factors,which are greater than the direct effect of the perceived usefulness factor since both of these factors have significant direct and indirect effects mediated by the perceived usefulness factor.The negative impact of the perceived risk factor is weak compared to the previous factors.While the personal innovativeness factor showed the weakest effect among the proposed factors.
文摘Integrated Pest Management （IPM） technologies can reduce pest damage to crops by emphasizing non-chemical control methods thereby reducing potential negative effects of chemicals on the environment while preserving profitability. This study investigates the adoption of eight IPM practices including intercropping, crop rotation, two improved varieties, incorporating a ＂striga chaser＂ in sorghum production, changing planting dates, altering planting density and fertilizer use. Explanatory variables include economic factors, social factors, management factors, and institutional factors. Results were consistent across logit and ordered logit analyses. Most factors affecting adoption across all crops and technologies are economic factors, including labor availability, technology resource requirements, technology complexity, and the level of expected benefits. Social factors are generally less associated with IPM technology adoption than either market or institutional factors. Results indicate that the evaluated technologies were scale-neutral and that farmer age and education level did not affect technology adoption.
