Objective:To analyze the effectiveness of the matrix medical administration model in enhancing medical safety management.Method:A total of 39 medical incidents in the hospital from September 2020 to September 2022 wer...Objective:To analyze the effectiveness of the matrix medical administration model in enhancing medical safety management.Method:A total of 39 medical incidents in the hospital from September 2020 to September 2022 were selected as the reference group,implementing conventional medical administration.Another 39 medical incidents from October 2022 to October 2024 were chosen as the experimental group,adopting the matrix medical administration model.The practical indicators such as causes of medical disputes,dispute compensation,medical injury appraisal results,and diagnosis and treatment quality indicators were compared between the two groups.Results:In the experimental group,the primary reasons for medical disputes were patient-related,and most disputes resulted in no compensation.After medical injury appraisal,most cases were not considered medical injuries.The comparison between the two groups was statistically significant(P<0.05).The diagnosis and treatment quality indicators of the experimental group were superior to those of the reference group(P<0.05).Conclusion:The matrix medical administration model can reduce medical disputes caused by hospital factors,decrease the proportion of compensation and the incidence of medical injuries,and improve the quality of diagnosis and treatment,demonstrating high management effectiveness.展开更多
As a prominent mode of variability in the tropical stratosphere on the interannual timescale,the Quasi-Biennial Oscillation(QBO)can significantly influence global atmospheric circulation and weather patterns.This stud...As a prominent mode of variability in the tropical stratosphere on the interannual timescale,the Quasi-Biennial Oscillation(QBO)can significantly influence global atmospheric circulation and weather patterns.This study explores the dynamic processes of QBO disruptions using the integrated climate model of the China Meteorological Administration(CMA)by nudging the tropical zonal winds toward observations.A comparative analysis with ERA5 reanalysis data shows that the nudged runs accurately replicate the general characteristics of the QBO,including the alternating QBO wind regimes and QBO disruption events.The evolution of the QBO winds is diagnosed using empirical orthogonal function and root-mean-square difference analyses,and the rarity of the disruption events is confirmed in the CMA model.Different aspects of the QBO disruptions and the relevant dynamics are present in the model.Firstly,the momentum budget analysis highlights the crucial roles of extratropical Rossby waves and non-orographic gravity waves in the transition from westerly to easterly winds during a disruption.Secondly,Kelvin waves and non-orographic gravity waves explain much of the transition from easterly to westerly winds near 40 hPa.Thirdly,the positive tendency from enhanced vertical advection further accelerates westerly momentum development via secondary meridional circulation.These findings underscore the importance of nudging techniques in understanding QBO dynamics,which provides valuable insights for future climate model improvements toward better forecasting QBO-related climate variability.Notably,due to model limitations,no QBO disruptions were simulated in the free-run experiments.展开更多
Private schools were very prosperous in Shanghai during the Republican period.Shanghai Municipal Educational Bureau adopted a pattern of indirect management,especially attaching importance to normalizing and guiding t...Private schools were very prosperous in Shanghai during the Republican period.Shanghai Municipal Educational Bureau adopted a pattern of indirect management,especially attaching importance to normalizing and guiding the mechanism for operating a school by taking the basic measures for the registration administration.Meanwhile,appropriate funding was given to private school so that they could enjoy fair treatment and full confidence.What was more,necessary interventions were made on finances and running a school.Indirect model of managing many private schools dramatically reduced the financial burden on Shanghai municipal public education.It also provided an important prerequisite for urban educational administration to concentrate on macro management system.展开更多
Assimilation of surface observations including 2-m temperature(T_(2m))in numerical weather prediction(NWP)models remains a challenging problem owing to differences between the elevation of model terrain and that of ac...Assimilation of surface observations including 2-m temperature(T_(2m))in numerical weather prediction(NWP)models remains a challenging problem owing to differences between the elevation of model terrain and that of actual observation stations.NWP results can be improved only if surface observations are assimilated appropriately.In this study,a T_(2m)data assimilation scheme that carefully considers misrepresentation of model and station terrain was established by using the three-dimensional variational data assimilation(3DVAR)system of the China Meteorological Administration mesoscale model(CMA-MESO).The corresponding forward observation operator,tangent linear operator,and adjoint operator for the T_(2m)observations under three terrain mismatch treatments were developed.The T_(2m)data were assimilated in the same method as that adopted for temperature sounding data with additional representative errors,when station terrain was 100 m higher than model terrain;otherwise,the T_(2m)data were assimilated by using the surface similarity theory assimilation operator.Furthermore,if station terrain was lower than model terrain,additional representative errors were stipulated and corrected.Test of a rainfall case showed that the observation innovation and analysis residuals both exhibited Gaussian distribution and that the analysis increment was reasonable.Moreover,it was found that on completion of the data assimilation cycle,T_(2m)data assimilation obviously influenced the temperature,wind,and relative humidity fields throughout the troposphere,with the greatest impact evident in the lower layers,and that both the area and the intensity of rainfall were better forecasted,especially for the first 12hours.Long-term continuous experiments for 2–28 February and 5–20 July 2020,further verified that T_(2m)data assimilation reduced deviations not only in T_(2m)but also in 10-m wind forecasts.More importantly,the precipitation equitable threat scores were improved over the two experimental periods.In summary,this study confirmed that the T_(2m)data assimilation scheme that we implemented in the kilometer-scale CMA-MESO 3DVAR system is effective.展开更多
文摘Objective:To analyze the effectiveness of the matrix medical administration model in enhancing medical safety management.Method:A total of 39 medical incidents in the hospital from September 2020 to September 2022 were selected as the reference group,implementing conventional medical administration.Another 39 medical incidents from October 2022 to October 2024 were chosen as the experimental group,adopting the matrix medical administration model.The practical indicators such as causes of medical disputes,dispute compensation,medical injury appraisal results,and diagnosis and treatment quality indicators were compared between the two groups.Results:In the experimental group,the primary reasons for medical disputes were patient-related,and most disputes resulted in no compensation.After medical injury appraisal,most cases were not considered medical injuries.The comparison between the two groups was statistically significant(P<0.05).The diagnosis and treatment quality indicators of the experimental group were superior to those of the reference group(P<0.05).Conclusion:The matrix medical administration model can reduce medical disputes caused by hospital factors,decrease the proportion of compensation and the incidence of medical injuries,and improve the quality of diagnosis and treatment,demonstrating high management effectiveness.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.42275056).
文摘As a prominent mode of variability in the tropical stratosphere on the interannual timescale,the Quasi-Biennial Oscillation(QBO)can significantly influence global atmospheric circulation and weather patterns.This study explores the dynamic processes of QBO disruptions using the integrated climate model of the China Meteorological Administration(CMA)by nudging the tropical zonal winds toward observations.A comparative analysis with ERA5 reanalysis data shows that the nudged runs accurately replicate the general characteristics of the QBO,including the alternating QBO wind regimes and QBO disruption events.The evolution of the QBO winds is diagnosed using empirical orthogonal function and root-mean-square difference analyses,and the rarity of the disruption events is confirmed in the CMA model.Different aspects of the QBO disruptions and the relevant dynamics are present in the model.Firstly,the momentum budget analysis highlights the crucial roles of extratropical Rossby waves and non-orographic gravity waves in the transition from westerly to easterly winds during a disruption.Secondly,Kelvin waves and non-orographic gravity waves explain much of the transition from easterly to westerly winds near 40 hPa.Thirdly,the positive tendency from enhanced vertical advection further accelerates westerly momentum development via secondary meridional circulation.These findings underscore the importance of nudging techniques in understanding QBO dynamics,which provides valuable insights for future climate model improvements toward better forecasting QBO-related climate variability.Notably,due to model limitations,no QBO disruptions were simulated in the free-run experiments.
文摘Private schools were very prosperous in Shanghai during the Republican period.Shanghai Municipal Educational Bureau adopted a pattern of indirect management,especially attaching importance to normalizing and guiding the mechanism for operating a school by taking the basic measures for the registration administration.Meanwhile,appropriate funding was given to private school so that they could enjoy fair treatment and full confidence.What was more,necessary interventions were made on finances and running a school.Indirect model of managing many private schools dramatically reduced the financial burden on Shanghai municipal public education.It also provided an important prerequisite for urban educational administration to concentrate on macro management system.
基金Supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2018YFF0300103)。
文摘Assimilation of surface observations including 2-m temperature(T_(2m))in numerical weather prediction(NWP)models remains a challenging problem owing to differences between the elevation of model terrain and that of actual observation stations.NWP results can be improved only if surface observations are assimilated appropriately.In this study,a T_(2m)data assimilation scheme that carefully considers misrepresentation of model and station terrain was established by using the three-dimensional variational data assimilation(3DVAR)system of the China Meteorological Administration mesoscale model(CMA-MESO).The corresponding forward observation operator,tangent linear operator,and adjoint operator for the T_(2m)observations under three terrain mismatch treatments were developed.The T_(2m)data were assimilated in the same method as that adopted for temperature sounding data with additional representative errors,when station terrain was 100 m higher than model terrain;otherwise,the T_(2m)data were assimilated by using the surface similarity theory assimilation operator.Furthermore,if station terrain was lower than model terrain,additional representative errors were stipulated and corrected.Test of a rainfall case showed that the observation innovation and analysis residuals both exhibited Gaussian distribution and that the analysis increment was reasonable.Moreover,it was found that on completion of the data assimilation cycle,T_(2m)data assimilation obviously influenced the temperature,wind,and relative humidity fields throughout the troposphere,with the greatest impact evident in the lower layers,and that both the area and the intensity of rainfall were better forecasted,especially for the first 12hours.Long-term continuous experiments for 2–28 February and 5–20 July 2020,further verified that T_(2m)data assimilation reduced deviations not only in T_(2m)but also in 10-m wind forecasts.More importantly,the precipitation equitable threat scores were improved over the two experimental periods.In summary,this study confirmed that the T_(2m)data assimilation scheme that we implemented in the kilometer-scale CMA-MESO 3DVAR system is effective.
