Water tank and channel experiments have been widely utilized in indoor and outdoor airflow studies for their ability to adjust variables and boundary conditions in a controlled environment.This study reviews the exper...Water tank and channel experiments have been widely utilized in indoor and outdoor airflow studies for their ability to adjust variables and boundary conditions in a controlled environment.This study reviews the experimental setup of water tanks and channels,measurement techniques,and their applications in multi-scale airflow modeling,in particular indoor airflow,street-canyon flow,city-scale urban heat circulation and meso-scale boundary-layer flows.Water tanks are mainly adopted for thermally-dominated airflow studies without considering the background wind,while water channels are applied to dynamic-thermal interacting airflow researches.The advantages and disadvantages of commonly adopted measurement techniques in water tank and water channel experiments are summarized in terms of particle image velocimetry(PIV),acoustic Doppler velocimeter(ADV),laser Doppler velocimeter(LDV),and magnetic resonance imaging(MRI).Based on the water tank and channel measurements,the exhaled airflow and natural ventilations are major concerns in indoor environments.Wind-and buoyancy-driven flow,ventilation and pollutant dispersion are investigated within and above the street canyons.The urban heat island circulation and the convective boundary layer are intensively studied under different thermal and stratification conditions.Current limitations include the oversimplification of building models,the inability to ensure strict flow field similarity,and the neglect of specific dimensionless numbers.Water tank and channel experiments serve as important tools for parametric experiments,allowing for the validation of numerical simulations and comparisons with full scale measurements.In the future,water tank and water channel experiments should more closely align with real atmospheric conditions,such as using more realistic physical models,accounting for actual atmospheric background wind circulations,and considering the non-uniform distribution of heat fluxes in urban areas.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.U2442212,No.42175095,No.42205073&No.42475086)Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province(No.2023A1515012863)+1 种基金Innovation Group Project of Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory(Zhuhai)(No.311020001)Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,Sun Yat-sen University(No.24xkjc004).
文摘Water tank and channel experiments have been widely utilized in indoor and outdoor airflow studies for their ability to adjust variables and boundary conditions in a controlled environment.This study reviews the experimental setup of water tanks and channels,measurement techniques,and their applications in multi-scale airflow modeling,in particular indoor airflow,street-canyon flow,city-scale urban heat circulation and meso-scale boundary-layer flows.Water tanks are mainly adopted for thermally-dominated airflow studies without considering the background wind,while water channels are applied to dynamic-thermal interacting airflow researches.The advantages and disadvantages of commonly adopted measurement techniques in water tank and water channel experiments are summarized in terms of particle image velocimetry(PIV),acoustic Doppler velocimeter(ADV),laser Doppler velocimeter(LDV),and magnetic resonance imaging(MRI).Based on the water tank and channel measurements,the exhaled airflow and natural ventilations are major concerns in indoor environments.Wind-and buoyancy-driven flow,ventilation and pollutant dispersion are investigated within and above the street canyons.The urban heat island circulation and the convective boundary layer are intensively studied under different thermal and stratification conditions.Current limitations include the oversimplification of building models,the inability to ensure strict flow field similarity,and the neglect of specific dimensionless numbers.Water tank and channel experiments serve as important tools for parametric experiments,allowing for the validation of numerical simulations and comparisons with full scale measurements.In the future,water tank and water channel experiments should more closely align with real atmospheric conditions,such as using more realistic physical models,accounting for actual atmospheric background wind circulations,and considering the non-uniform distribution of heat fluxes in urban areas.
