North of the study area in lower Swat, the rocks have been found to have undergone multiple deformations with at least four periods of folding during a single Paleogene metamorphism (DiPietro and Lawrence, 1991). The ...North of the study area in lower Swat, the rocks have been found to have undergone multiple deformations with at least four periods of folding during a single Paleogene metamorphism (DiPietro and Lawrence, 1991). The earliest folds are composite W—SW vergent, syn\|metamorphic F 1/F 2 folds associated with the formation of the regional foliation. Late\|metamorphic, N—S trending open upright F 3 folds are associated with local foliation development, and E—W trending open F 4 folds are associated with retrograde metamorphism. These interfere with each other to produce dome/basin structures.展开更多
A batch Markov arrival process（BMAP） X^＊=（N, J） is a 2-dimensional Markov process with two components, one is the counting process N and the other one is the phase process J. It is proved that the phase process i...A batch Markov arrival process（BMAP） X^＊=（N, J） is a 2-dimensional Markov process with two components, one is the counting process N and the other one is the phase process J. It is proved that the phase process is a time-homogeneous Markov chain with a finite state-space, or for short, Markov chain. In this paper,a new and inverse problem is proposed firstly： given a Markov chain J, can we deploy a process N such that the 2-dimensional process X^＊=（N, J） is a BMAP？ The process X^＊=（N, J） is said to be an adjoining BMAP for the Markov chain J. For a given Markov chain the adjoining processes exist and they are not unique. Two kinds of adjoining BMAPs have been constructed. One is the BMAPs with fixed constant batches, the other one is the BMAPs with independent and identically distributed（i.i.d） random batches. The method we used in this paper is not the usual matrix-analytic method of studying BMAP, it is a path-analytic method. We constructed directly sample paths of adjoining BMAPs. The expressions of characteristic（D_k, k = 0, 1, 2· · ·）and transition probabilities of the adjoining BMAP are obtained by the density matrix Q of the given Markov chain J. Moreover, we obtained two frontal Theorems. We present these expressions in the first time.展开更多
Green building certification is a useful way to support objective evaluations of the sus-tainability of a building.Both the Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design(LEED)and Energy Star certifications are designe...Green building certification is a useful way to support objective evaluations of the sus-tainability of a building.Both the Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design(LEED)and Energy Star certifications are designed to reduce the negative envi-ronmental impacts of buildings and provide positive economic benefits to certified buildings.Given that a demonstrable positive economic impact is also required to satisfy one element of the triple bottom line of sustainability for these certifications,this study examined the economic impact of LEED and/or Energy Star certified office buildings on the market values of adjoining buildings in Manhattan,New York City(NYC),using a spatial analysis based on a Geographic Information System(GIS)and a statistical analysis utilizing R-Project.The study’s findings reveal a positive impact for LEED and/or Energy Star certified office buildings on their adjoining buildings,pointing to the need for future research to investigate the spillover effect of LEED and/or Energy Star certified office buildings on other buildings in their neighborhood from a socio-economic standpoint.展开更多
文摘North of the study area in lower Swat, the rocks have been found to have undergone multiple deformations with at least four periods of folding during a single Paleogene metamorphism (DiPietro and Lawrence, 1991). The earliest folds are composite W—SW vergent, syn\|metamorphic F 1/F 2 folds associated with the formation of the regional foliation. Late\|metamorphic, N—S trending open upright F 3 folds are associated with local foliation development, and E—W trending open F 4 folds are associated with retrograde metamorphism. These interfere with each other to produce dome/basin structures.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.11671132,11601147)Hunan Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(No.16J3010)+1 种基金Philosophy and Social Science Foundation of Hunan Province(No.16YBA053)Key Scientific Research Project of Hunan Provincial Education Department(No.15A032)
文摘A batch Markov arrival process（BMAP） X^＊=（N, J） is a 2-dimensional Markov process with two components, one is the counting process N and the other one is the phase process J. It is proved that the phase process is a time-homogeneous Markov chain with a finite state-space, or for short, Markov chain. In this paper,a new and inverse problem is proposed firstly： given a Markov chain J, can we deploy a process N such that the 2-dimensional process X^＊=（N, J） is a BMAP？ The process X^＊=（N, J） is said to be an adjoining BMAP for the Markov chain J. For a given Markov chain the adjoining processes exist and they are not unique. Two kinds of adjoining BMAPs have been constructed. One is the BMAPs with fixed constant batches, the other one is the BMAPs with independent and identically distributed（i.i.d） random batches. The method we used in this paper is not the usual matrix-analytic method of studying BMAP, it is a path-analytic method. We constructed directly sample paths of adjoining BMAPs. The expressions of characteristic（D_k, k = 0, 1, 2· · ·）and transition probabilities of the adjoining BMAP are obtained by the density matrix Q of the given Markov chain J. Moreover, we obtained two frontal Theorems. We present these expressions in the first time.
文摘Green building certification is a useful way to support objective evaluations of the sus-tainability of a building.Both the Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design(LEED)and Energy Star certifications are designed to reduce the negative envi-ronmental impacts of buildings and provide positive economic benefits to certified buildings.Given that a demonstrable positive economic impact is also required to satisfy one element of the triple bottom line of sustainability for these certifications,this study examined the economic impact of LEED and/or Energy Star certified office buildings on the market values of adjoining buildings in Manhattan,New York City(NYC),using a spatial analysis based on a Geographic Information System(GIS)and a statistical analysis utilizing R-Project.The study’s findings reveal a positive impact for LEED and/or Energy Star certified office buildings on their adjoining buildings,pointing to the need for future research to investigate the spillover effect of LEED and/or Energy Star certified office buildings on other buildings in their neighborhood from a socio-economic standpoint.
