Background:Binge drinking(BD)has been associated with elevated liver enzymes,but the joint association of BD and adiposity with liver enzymes is understudied.We aimed to examine the combined association of BD and obes...Background:Binge drinking(BD)has been associated with elevated liver enzymes,but the joint association of BD and adiposity with liver enzymes is understudied.We aimed to examine the combined association of BD and obesity with elevated liver enzymes.Methods:Data were obtained from 285,600 patients in the Korean National Health check-up program during 2009-2015.Level I BD(BD I)was defined as alcohol consumption of>60g(men)or>40g(women)on one occasion in the previous year.High-intensity BD(HIBD)corresponded to at least two times the BD I levels.General and abdominal obesity were defined by body mass index and waist circumference.Logistic regression was used to examine the independent and joint associations of BD and obesity with elevated alanine aminotransferase(ALT),aspartate aminotransferase(AST),and gamma-glutamyl transferase(GGT)levels.Relative excess risk(RERI),attributable proportion(AP),and synergy index(SI)were calculated to estimate the additive interaction effects.Results:The mean age was 42.1±0.03years and 50.2%were women.Elevated ALT[odds ratio(OR)1.09,95%confidence interval(CI)1.02-1.16],AST(OR 1.16,95%CI 1.11-1.23),and GGT(OR 1.84,95%CI 1.05-1.94)were associated with HIBD.Higher odds of elevated ALT(OR 3.57,95%CI 3.43-3.71),AST(OR 3.47,95%CI 3.37-3.58),and GGT(OR 2.10,95%CI 1.98-2.12)were observed in individuals with general obesity.A similar trend was observed for abdominal obesity.The RERI,AP,and SI for the interaction effect of BD and general obesity were 23%,7%,and 13%for elevated AST levels,and 67%,24%,and 58%for elevated GGT levels,respectively.Similar effects were observed for the interaction between BD and abdominal obesity.Conclusions:Obesity aggravated the odds of elevated liver AST and GGT levels in HIBD.展开更多
The interaction between cyclodextrins (CDs) and 1,3-di(1-naphthyl)propane (1) in aqueous methanol (V: V=1:1) has been investigated by means of fluorescence emission and UV absorption. Fluorescence enhancement and abso...The interaction between cyclodextrins (CDs) and 1,3-di(1-naphthyl)propane (1) in aqueous methanol (V: V=1:1) has been investigated by means of fluorescence emission and UV absorption. Fluorescence enhancement and absorption spectra reveal that β- or γ-CD can form inclusion complexes with 1, but α-CD cannot. One of these complexes is identified as ground state complex (2:1), i.e. the eclipsed conformer of 1 is included. Molecule 1 can be driven out of the CD cavity by sodium dodecylsulfate (SDS) molecule, but cannot by cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) or sodium cetylsulfate (SCS) molecules due to their alkyl chain coiling.展开更多
In the paper presented, 99 single seed descent barley lines as well as their parental forms Roland and Apex were studied. The grain weight components and their interrelations were analyzed using simple coefficients of...In the paper presented, 99 single seed descent barley lines as well as their parental forms Roland and Apex were studied. The grain weight components and their interrelations were analyzed using simple coefficients of correlation. The direct and indirect effects of such components on grain weight per plant and 1 000-grain weight were estimated using path analysis. In the 2006 and 2007, the spike length and number of spikelets per spike were the determinants of grain weight. Genetic parameters as additive and epistasis effects were estimated for all studied traits. The results indicate the importance of both additive and epistasis gene effects of number of spikes per plant, grain weight per spike, grain number per plant and grain weight per plant in this study.展开更多
Effects of thermal annealing on the optical, electrical and structural properties of 3 vol% 1,8-diiodoctane added P3HT：PC61BM active layers are investigated, concerning the performance of the bulk heterojunction poly...Effects of thermal annealing on the optical, electrical and structural properties of 3 vol% 1,8-diiodoctane added P3HT：PC61BM active layers are investigated, concerning the performance of the bulk heterojunction polymer so- lar cells by changing the heat temperature. The structure information of the active layer is analyzed by using the grazing incidence wide angle scattering diffraction combined with the optical microscope, light absorption, pho- toluminescence and the external quantum efficiency spectra. The relationship between the detail of morphology and the optical, electrical properties is investigated.展开更多
The effect of Ta addition on the martensitic transformation characteristics and the X-ray visibility on NiTi shape memory alloy have been studied in (Ni51Ti49)1-xTax system. It was found that the transformation temper...The effect of Ta addition on the martensitic transformation characteristics and the X-ray visibility on NiTi shape memory alloy have been studied in (Ni51Ti49)1-xTax system. It was found that the transformation temperatures of the Ni51Ti49 binary alloy increased drastically by an addition of 0～4 at. pet Ta, but only slightly when the concentration exceeded 4 at. pct; the addition of Ta greatly decreases the sensitivity of the martensitic transformations to the variation in the Ni-Ti ratio. The addition of Ta to the NiTi binary alloy can improve its X-ray visibility.展开更多
Rapidly solidified Al-Ti base alloys were prepared by melt spinning at the cooling rate about 107 K/s. The melt-spun ribbons were used to observe the dricrostructures after heat treatment.In the supersaturated Al-Tl-S...Rapidly solidified Al-Ti base alloys were prepared by melt spinning at the cooling rate about 107 K/s. The melt-spun ribbons were used to observe the dricrostructures after heat treatment.In the supersaturated Al-Tl-Si alloy, age hardening occurred after 1 h anneal in the temperature range of 4000~500℃, which seems to be attributed to the precipitation of metastable Ll2- (Al,Si)3Ti phase. However. the microhardness was relatively low because of the low v/o and the insufflcient stability of precipitates. Thus. Cr was added to Al-Ti-Si alloys in order to stabilize the microstructures and to increase the v/o of precipitate5. As a result. the alIoys containing Cr were evaluated to possess the improved properties at the service temperature.展开更多
The effect of tree age and climatic variables on stem radial growth of two hybrid clones of Eucalyptus was determined using longitudinal data from eastern South Africa.The stem radius of was measured weekly as the res...The effect of tree age and climatic variables on stem radial growth of two hybrid clones of Eucalyptus was determined using longitudinal data from eastern South Africa.The stem radius of was measured weekly as the response variable.In addition to tree age,average weekly temperature,solar radiation,relative humidity and wind speed were simultaneously recorded with total rainfall at the site.An additive mixed effects model that incorporates a non-parametric smooth function was used.The results of the analysis indicate that the relationship between stem radius and each of the covariates can be explained by nonlinear functions.Models that account for the effect of clone and season together with their interaction in the parametric part of the additive mixed model were also fitted.The interaction between clone and season was not significant in all cases.For analyzing the joint effect all the covariates,additive mixed models that included two or more covariates were fitted.A significant effect of tree age was found in all cases.Although tree age was the key determinant of stem radial growth,weather variables also had a significant effect that was dependent on season.展开更多
A chiral cobalt pincer complex,when combined with an achiral electron-rich mono-phosphine ligand,catalyzes efficient asymmetric hydrogenation of a wide range of aryl ketones,affording chiral alcohols with high yields ...A chiral cobalt pincer complex,when combined with an achiral electron-rich mono-phosphine ligand,catalyzes efficient asymmetric hydrogenation of a wide range of aryl ketones,affording chiral alcohols with high yields and moderate to excellent enantioselectivities(29 examples,up to 93%ee).Notably,the achiral mono-phosphine ligand shows a remarkable effect on the enantioselectivity of the reaction.展开更多
2-Amino-3-nitrile-chromenes with potential antitumor activity were constructed by a novel catalytic system. In combination with a-naphthol, quinine could effectively promote the Michael-cyclization process of malononi...2-Amino-3-nitrile-chromenes with potential antitumor activity were constructed by a novel catalytic system. In combination with a-naphthol, quinine could effectively promote the Michael-cyclization process of malononitrile with functionalized chalcones in high yields and moderate to good enantioselectivity（up to 84% ee）. It is notable that the enantioselectivity could be greatly improved when a-naphthol was employed as additive.展开更多
The effect of adding Ta on the changes of microstructure and Ms temperature of a dualphase shape memory alloy with compositions of (Ni51 Ti49)1 -x.Tax. and Ni50-Ti50 -g.Ta.g were systematically studied. An optical mi...The effect of adding Ta on the changes of microstructure and Ms temperature of a dualphase shape memory alloy with compositions of (Ni51 Ti49)1 -x.Tax. and Ni50-Ti50 -g.Ta.g were systematically studied. An optical microscope, SEM, X-ray diffraction and DSC were utilized in this work. The evolution of the microstructure as a function of Ta content was characterized. The variation of the Ni/Ti ratio in the NiTi phase plays an important role in the change of the Ms temperatures due to the addition of Ta. A pseudobinary NiTi-Ta phase diagram was proposed based on these results.展开更多
Prostate cancer is one of the most common malignancies.The development and progression of prostate cancer are driven by a series of genetic and epigenetic events including gene amplification that activates oncogenes a...Prostate cancer is one of the most common malignancies.The development and progression of prostate cancer are driven by a series of genetic and epigenetic events including gene amplification that activates oncogenes and chromosomal deletion that inactivates tumor suppressor genes.Whereas gene amplification occurs in human prostate cancer,gene deletion is more common,展开更多
<i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Cordyceps</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> mycelium extract (Cs-4), Chicken Essence (CE), and their combination were...<i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Cordyceps</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> mycelium extract (Cs-4), Chicken Essence (CE), and their combination were investigated for antioxidant and immunomodulatory activities in mouse models. Long-term treatment with Cs-4 or CE at equivalent human doses improved antioxidant status in various tissues, as evidenced by the enhancement of mitochondrial glutathione redox status in the brain, liver, heart, and kidney of mice. Cs-4 or CE treatment also produced an immunomodulatory action, as indicated by the potentiation of Concanavalin A-/lipopolysaccharide-induced proliferation of mouse splenocytes <i></i></span><i><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">ex vivo</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"></span></i>. While doubling of the equivalent human doses of Cs-4 and CE did not further enhance their antioxidant or immunopotentiating effects, the combined treatment with Cs-4 and CE at their respective equivalent human doses produced an additive effect, with the extents of stimulation being larger than those produced by Cs-4 or CE alone. The results have demonstrated for the first time that the combined use of Cs-4 and CE can produce an additive effect on both antioxidation and immunopotentiation that cannot otherwise be achieved by increasing the equivalent human doses of Cs-4 or CE alone.展开更多
The effects of Al additions on the microstructure and mechanical properties of MoSi2 have been studied. With the A1 additions from 2.5 wt pct to 5 wt pct, the siliceous grain boundary phase in hot pressed samples was ...The effects of Al additions on the microstructure and mechanical properties of MoSi2 have been studied. With the A1 additions from 2.5 wt pct to 5 wt pct, the siliceous grain boundary phase in hot pressed samples was eliminated because of the formation of Al2O3 particles. It was shown that Al and SiO2 reacted at 860℃. During the reaction, A1 atoms were mainly transferred to Al2O3 particles, and to some extent, diffused into MoSi2 grains. Both the toughness and strength of Al containing composites exceeded those of pure MoSi2 material. Bending strength and fracture toughness reach the highest value of 350 MPa, 4.05 MPa.m1/2, respectively, at ambient temperature when Al addition was of 3.5 wt pct.展开更多
The coating and deposition process with excellent anti wear and suitable for industrial application were developed, and the optimum bath composition and process were obtained by studying the influence of the bath comp...The coating and deposition process with excellent anti wear and suitable for industrial application were developed, and the optimum bath composition and process were obtained by studying the influence of the bath composition, temperature and pH value on the deposition rate and the plating solution stability. Moreover, the tribological properties of nano-Cu lubricating additives and electroless deposited Ni-W-P coating as well as their synergistic effect are researched using ring-block abrasion testing machine and energy dispersive spectrometer. Research results show that Ni-W-P alloy coating and nano-Cu lubricating additive have excellent synergistic effect, e g, the wear resistance of Ni-W-P alloy coating （with heat treatment and the oil with nano-Cu additives） has increased hundreds times than 45 steel as the metal substrate with the basic oil, and zero wear is achieved, which breaks through the bottleneck of previous separate research of the above-mentioned two aspects.展开更多
The process and mechanism of the ligand volume controlled Pd（PR3）2 （PR3=PH3, PMe3, and PtBu3） oxidative addition with aryl bromide were investigated, using density functional theory method with the conductor-like ...The process and mechanism of the ligand volume controlled Pd（PR3）2 （PR3=PH3, PMe3, and PtBu3） oxidative addition with aryl bromide were investigated, using density functional theory method with the conductor-like screening model. Association pathway and dissocia-tion pathway were investigated by the comparison of several energies. The cleavage energy of Pd（PR3）2 complex was calculated, as well as the oxidative addition reaction barrier energy of Pd（PR3）n （n=1,2） with aryl bromide in N,N-dimethylformamide solvent. This study proved that the ligands volume possessed a great impact on the mechanism of oxidative addition： less bulky ligand palladium associated with aryl bromide via two donor ligands,but larger bulky ligand palladium coordinated via monoligand.展开更多
Rice grain shape, grain length （GL）, width （GW）, thickness （GT） and length-to-width ratio （LWR）, are usually controlled by multiple quantitative trait locus （QTL）. To elucidate the genetic basis of extremely...Rice grain shape, grain length （GL）, width （GW）, thickness （GT） and length-to-width ratio （LWR）, are usually controlled by multiple quantitative trait locus （QTL）. To elucidate the genetic basis of extremely large grain shape, QTL analysis was performed using an F2 population derived from a cross between a japonica cuttivar ＇JZI560＇ （extremely large grain） and a contrasting indica cultivar ＇FAZI＇ （small grain）. A total number of 24 QTLs were detected on seven different chromosomes. QTLs for GL, GW, GT and LWR explained 11.6%, 95.62%, 91.5% and 89.9% of total phenotypic variation, respectively. Many QTLs pleiotropically controlled different grain traits, contributing complex traits correlation. GW2 and qSW5/GW5, which have been cloned previously to control GW, showed similar chromosomal locations with qGW2-1/qGT2-1/qLWR2-2 and qGW5-2/qLWR5-1 and should be the right candidate genes. Plants pyramiding GW2 and qSW5/GW5 showed a significant increase in GW compared with those carrying one of the two major QTLs. Furthermore, no significant QTL interaction was observed between GW2 and qSW5/GW5. These results suggested that GW2 and qSW5/GW5 might work in independent pathways to regulate grain traits. ＇JZ1560＇ alleles underlying all QTLs contributed an increase in GW and GT and the accumulation of additive effects generates the extremely large grain shape in ＇JZ1560＇.展开更多
Inheritance and interrelationship of phenotype and genotype of earliness traits were evaluated in a diallel analysis involving six early-maturing parents. Date of first square （DFS）, date of first flower （DFF）, da...Inheritance and interrelationship of phenotype and genotype of earliness traits were evaluated in a diallel analysis involving six early-maturing parents. Date of first square （DFS）, date of first flower （DFF）, date of first open boll （DFOB）, number of node first sympodial branch （NNFSB）, and harvested rate before frost （HRBF） as earliness traits of six parents, 15 F1 hybrids and 15 F2 progenies were investigated from 2005 to 2008. The experiment design was a randomized complete block design with three replications. Additive, dominance and epistasis effects were analyzed with ADAA （additive- dominance-epistasis） model. HRBF, DFF, and DFOB showed significant additive genetic variances. Heritability estimates ranged from 0.088 （HN, narrow sense） and 0.416 （HNE, environment interaction） for HRBF, to 0.103 （HN） and 0.524 （HNE） for DFF, and to 0.187 （HN） and 0.519 （H~） for DFOB. Dominance genetic effects for DFS, DFF, DFOB, and NNSFB were stronger than additive effects. Additive-by-additive epistatic effects for DFS, DFOB, and NNSFB were detected and affected by environment. Correlation analysis showed generally that HRBF had a significant negative genetic and phenotypic correlation with DFS, DFOB, and NNFSB; DFS had significant positive genetic and phenotypic correlations with DFF, DFOB, and NNFSB; significant positive genetic and phenotypic correlations were also detected between DFF and DFOB, DFF and NNFSB, DFOB and NNFSB. The results showed that the lower the node to the first fruiting branch and the shorter the plant, the earlier was the onset of squaring, flowering, and boll opening, the higher was the harvest rate before frost. Heredity of earliness traits among parents and their hybrids were also detected and parents A1, A2, Bl, B2, and B3 could be used to improve earliness traits of short season cotton cultivars.展开更多
To improve multi-environmental trial(MET)analysis,a compound method—which combines factor analytic(FA)model with additive main effect and multiplicative interaction(AMMI)and genotype main effect plus genotype-by-envi...To improve multi-environmental trial(MET)analysis,a compound method—which combines factor analytic(FA)model with additive main effect and multiplicative interaction(AMMI)and genotype main effect plus genotype-by-environment interaction(GGE)biplot—was conducted in this study.The diameter at breast height of 36 open-pollinated(OP)families of Pinus taeda at six sites in South China was used as a raw dataset.The best linear unbiased prediction(BLUP)data of all individual trees in each site was obtained by fitting the spatial effects with the FA method from raw data.The raw data and BLUP data were analyzed and compared by using the AMMI and GGE biplot.BLUP results showed that the six sites were heterogeneous and spatial variation could be effectively fitted by spatial analysis with the FA method.AMMI analysis identified that two datasets had highly significant effects on the site,family,and their interactions,while BLUP data had a smaller residual error,but higher variation explaining ability and more credible stability than raw data.GGE biplot results revealed that raw data and BLUP data had different results in mega-environment delineation,test-environment evaluation,and genotype evaluation.In addition,BLUP data results were more reasonable due to the stronger analytical ability of the first two principal components.Our study suggests that the compound method combing the FA method with the AMMI and GGE biplot could improve the analysis result of MET data in Pinus teada as it was more reliable than direct AMMI and GGE biplot analysis on raw data.展开更多
Peanut pod shape is a heritable trait which affects the market acceptance of in-shell peanut products.In order to determine the genetic control of pod shape,six component traits of pod shape(pod length,pod width,pod l...Peanut pod shape is a heritable trait which affects the market acceptance of in-shell peanut products.In order to determine the genetic control of pod shape,six component traits of pod shape(pod length,pod width,pod length/width ratio,pod roundness,beak degree and constriction degree)were measured using an image-based phenotyping method.A recombinant inbred line(RIL)population consisting of 181 lines was phenotyped across three environments.Continuous distributions and transgressive segregations were demonstrated in all measured traits and environments.Significant correlations were found among most component traits with broad-sense heritability ranging from 0.87 to 0.95.Quantitative trait locus(QTL)analysis yielded 26 additive QTLs explaining 3.79 to 52.37%phenotypic variations.A novel,stable and major QTL region conditioning multiple shape features was detected on chromosome 2,which spans a 10.81-Mb genomic region with 543 putative genes.Bioinformatics analysis revealed several candidate genes in this region.In addition,73 pairs of epistatic interactions involving 92 loci were identified for six component traits explaining 0.94–6.45%phenotypic variations.These results provide new genetic loci to facilitate genomics-assisted breeding of peanut pod shape.展开更多
With the AMMI (additive main effects and multiplicative interaction) analysis model, thedetermination of the sensitivity to temperature among different TGMS (thermo-sensitivegenic male sterile) lines was performed. To...With the AMMI (additive main effects and multiplicative interaction) analysis model, thedetermination of the sensitivity to temperature among different TGMS (thermo-sensitivegenic male sterile) lines was performed. To assess the genetic differences due to hightemperature stress at the fertility-sensitive stage (10-20d before heading), sevengenotypes (six TGMS lines and the control Pei-Ai64S) were grown from May 4 at sevendifferent stages with 10d intervals. The temperatures at the fertility-sensitive stagesinvolved twelve levels from<20 to>℃ under the regime natural conditions in Hangzhou,China. There was considerable variation in pollen fertility among genotypes in responseto high temperature. Five genotypes identified as TGMS lines as their percentages offertile pollens were lower than or close to that of the control except for the unstableline RTS19 (V6). When the temperatures at the fertility-sensitive stage were at Ⅰ-Ⅳ,Ⅴ-Ⅵ and Ⅶ-Ⅻ, the percentages of fertile pollens varied in the ranges of 46.46-48.49%,19.62-22.79% and 3.49-5.87%, respectively. The critical temperatures of sterility andfertility in the five TGMS lines were 25.1 and 23.0℃, respectively. Considering theamounts and directions of main effect and their IPCA (interaction principal componentsanalysis), we can classify the lines and temperature levels into different groups, anddescribe the characteristics of genotypetemperature interaction, offering the informationand tools for the development and utility of thermo-sensitive male sterile lines.Several TGMS rice lines with their reproductive sensitivity to high temperature that canbe screened using the AMMI model may add valuable germplasm to the breeding program ofhybrid rice.展开更多
基金supported by the Regional Innovation Strategy through the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF)funded by the Ministry of Education(MOE)(2022RIS-005).
文摘Background:Binge drinking(BD)has been associated with elevated liver enzymes,but the joint association of BD and adiposity with liver enzymes is understudied.We aimed to examine the combined association of BD and obesity with elevated liver enzymes.Methods:Data were obtained from 285,600 patients in the Korean National Health check-up program during 2009-2015.Level I BD(BD I)was defined as alcohol consumption of>60g(men)or>40g(women)on one occasion in the previous year.High-intensity BD(HIBD)corresponded to at least two times the BD I levels.General and abdominal obesity were defined by body mass index and waist circumference.Logistic regression was used to examine the independent and joint associations of BD and obesity with elevated alanine aminotransferase(ALT),aspartate aminotransferase(AST),and gamma-glutamyl transferase(GGT)levels.Relative excess risk(RERI),attributable proportion(AP),and synergy index(SI)were calculated to estimate the additive interaction effects.Results:The mean age was 42.1±0.03years and 50.2%were women.Elevated ALT[odds ratio(OR)1.09,95%confidence interval(CI)1.02-1.16],AST(OR 1.16,95%CI 1.11-1.23),and GGT(OR 1.84,95%CI 1.05-1.94)were associated with HIBD.Higher odds of elevated ALT(OR 3.57,95%CI 3.43-3.71),AST(OR 3.47,95%CI 3.37-3.58),and GGT(OR 2.10,95%CI 1.98-2.12)were observed in individuals with general obesity.A similar trend was observed for abdominal obesity.The RERI,AP,and SI for the interaction effect of BD and general obesity were 23%,7%,and 13%for elevated AST levels,and 67%,24%,and 58%for elevated GGT levels,respectively.Similar effects were observed for the interaction between BD and abdominal obesity.Conclusions:Obesity aggravated the odds of elevated liver AST and GGT levels in HIBD.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China and the National Education Commission Foundation of China
文摘The interaction between cyclodextrins (CDs) and 1,3-di(1-naphthyl)propane (1) in aqueous methanol (V: V=1:1) has been investigated by means of fluorescence emission and UV absorption. Fluorescence enhancement and absorption spectra reveal that β- or γ-CD can form inclusion complexes with 1, but α-CD cannot. One of these complexes is identified as ground state complex (2:1), i.e. the eclipsed conformer of 1 is included. Molecule 1 can be driven out of the CD cavity by sodium dodecylsulfate (SDS) molecule, but cannot by cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) or sodium cetylsulfate (SCS) molecules due to their alkyl chain coiling.
文摘In the paper presented, 99 single seed descent barley lines as well as their parental forms Roland and Apex were studied. The grain weight components and their interrelations were analyzed using simple coefficients of correlation. The direct and indirect effects of such components on grain weight per plant and 1 000-grain weight were estimated using path analysis. In the 2006 and 2007, the spike length and number of spikelets per spike were the determinants of grain weight. Genetic parameters as additive and epistasis effects were estimated for all studied traits. The results indicate the importance of both additive and epistasis gene effects of number of spikes per plant, grain weight per spike, grain number per plant and grain weight per plant in this study.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant Nos 51272022 and 11474018the Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education of China under Grant No 20120009130005the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities under Grant No 2012JBZ001
文摘Effects of thermal annealing on the optical, electrical and structural properties of 3 vol% 1,8-diiodoctane added P3HT：PC61BM active layers are investigated, concerning the performance of the bulk heterojunction polymer so- lar cells by changing the heat temperature. The structure information of the active layer is analyzed by using the grazing incidence wide angle scattering diffraction combined with the optical microscope, light absorption, pho- toluminescence and the external quantum efficiency spectra. The relationship between the detail of morphology and the optical, electrical properties is investigated.
基金Shanxi Province Natural Science FOundation State Key Laboratory of Solidilication Processing.
文摘The effect of Ta addition on the martensitic transformation characteristics and the X-ray visibility on NiTi shape memory alloy have been studied in (Ni51Ti49)1-xTax system. It was found that the transformation temperatures of the Ni51Ti49 binary alloy increased drastically by an addition of 0～4 at. pet Ta, but only slightly when the concentration exceeded 4 at. pct; the addition of Ta greatly decreases the sensitivity of the martensitic transformations to the variation in the Ni-Ti ratio. The addition of Ta to the NiTi binary alloy can improve its X-ray visibility.
文摘Rapidly solidified Al-Ti base alloys were prepared by melt spinning at the cooling rate about 107 K/s. The melt-spun ribbons were used to observe the dricrostructures after heat treatment.In the supersaturated Al-Tl-Si alloy, age hardening occurred after 1 h anneal in the temperature range of 4000~500℃, which seems to be attributed to the precipitation of metastable Ll2- (Al,Si)3Ti phase. However. the microhardness was relatively low because of the low v/o and the insufflcient stability of precipitates. Thus. Cr was added to Al-Ti-Si alloys in order to stabilize the microstructures and to increase the v/o of precipitate5. As a result. the alIoys containing Cr were evaluated to possess the improved properties at the service temperature.
文摘The effect of tree age and climatic variables on stem radial growth of two hybrid clones of Eucalyptus was determined using longitudinal data from eastern South Africa.The stem radius of was measured weekly as the response variable.In addition to tree age,average weekly temperature,solar radiation,relative humidity and wind speed were simultaneously recorded with total rainfall at the site.An additive mixed effects model that incorporates a non-parametric smooth function was used.The results of the analysis indicate that the relationship between stem radius and each of the covariates can be explained by nonlinear functions.Models that account for the effect of clone and season together with their interaction in the parametric part of the additive mixed model were also fitted.The interaction between clone and season was not significant in all cases.For analyzing the joint effect all the covariates,additive mixed models that included two or more covariates were fitted.A significant effect of tree age was found in all cases.Although tree age was the key determinant of stem radial growth,weather variables also had a significant effect that was dependent on season.
基金financial support of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.21672133)。
文摘A chiral cobalt pincer complex,when combined with an achiral electron-rich mono-phosphine ligand,catalyzes efficient asymmetric hydrogenation of a wide range of aryl ketones,affording chiral alcohols with high yields and moderate to excellent enantioselectivities(29 examples,up to 93%ee).Notably,the achiral mono-phosphine ligand shows a remarkable effect on the enantioselectivity of the reaction.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.21402163)the Science and Technology Department of Sichuan Province(No.2013JY0135)the Graduate Innovation Project of Southwest University for Nationalities(No.CX2015SZ064)
文摘2-Amino-3-nitrile-chromenes with potential antitumor activity were constructed by a novel catalytic system. In combination with a-naphthol, quinine could effectively promote the Michael-cyclization process of malononitrile with functionalized chalcones in high yields and moderate to good enantioselectivity（up to 84% ee）. It is notable that the enantioselectivity could be greatly improved when a-naphthol was employed as additive.
文摘The effect of adding Ta on the changes of microstructure and Ms temperature of a dualphase shape memory alloy with compositions of (Ni51 Ti49)1 -x.Tax. and Ni50-Ti50 -g.Ta.g were systematically studied. An optical microscope, SEM, X-ray diffraction and DSC were utilized in this work. The evolution of the microstructure as a function of Ta content was characterized. The variation of the Ni/Ti ratio in the NiTi phase plays an important role in the change of the Ms temperatures due to the addition of Ta. A pseudobinary NiTi-Ta phase diagram was proposed based on these results.
基金supported by the grants from the National Cancer Institute,National Institutes of Health(Nos. R01CA87921 and R01CA171189)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81130044)
文摘Prostate cancer is one of the most common malignancies.The development and progression of prostate cancer are driven by a series of genetic and epigenetic events including gene amplification that activates oncogenes and chromosomal deletion that inactivates tumor suppressor genes.Whereas gene amplification occurs in human prostate cancer,gene deletion is more common,
文摘<i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Cordyceps</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> mycelium extract (Cs-4), Chicken Essence (CE), and their combination were investigated for antioxidant and immunomodulatory activities in mouse models. Long-term treatment with Cs-4 or CE at equivalent human doses improved antioxidant status in various tissues, as evidenced by the enhancement of mitochondrial glutathione redox status in the brain, liver, heart, and kidney of mice. Cs-4 or CE treatment also produced an immunomodulatory action, as indicated by the potentiation of Concanavalin A-/lipopolysaccharide-induced proliferation of mouse splenocytes <i></i></span><i><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">ex vivo</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"></span></i>. While doubling of the equivalent human doses of Cs-4 and CE did not further enhance their antioxidant or immunopotentiating effects, the combined treatment with Cs-4 and CE at their respective equivalent human doses produced an additive effect, with the extents of stimulation being larger than those produced by Cs-4 or CE alone. The results have demonstrated for the first time that the combined use of Cs-4 and CE can produce an additive effect on both antioxidation and immunopotentiation that cannot otherwise be achieved by increasing the equivalent human doses of Cs-4 or CE alone.
文摘The effects of Al additions on the microstructure and mechanical properties of MoSi2 have been studied. With the A1 additions from 2.5 wt pct to 5 wt pct, the siliceous grain boundary phase in hot pressed samples was eliminated because of the formation of Al2O3 particles. It was shown that Al and SiO2 reacted at 860℃. During the reaction, A1 atoms were mainly transferred to Al2O3 particles, and to some extent, diffused into MoSi2 grains. Both the toughness and strength of Al containing composites exceeded those of pure MoSi2 material. Bending strength and fracture toughness reach the highest value of 350 MPa, 4.05 MPa.m1/2, respectively, at ambient temperature when Al addition was of 3.5 wt pct.
文摘The coating and deposition process with excellent anti wear and suitable for industrial application were developed, and the optimum bath composition and process were obtained by studying the influence of the bath composition, temperature and pH value on the deposition rate and the plating solution stability. Moreover, the tribological properties of nano-Cu lubricating additives and electroless deposited Ni-W-P coating as well as their synergistic effect are researched using ring-block abrasion testing machine and energy dispersive spectrometer. Research results show that Ni-W-P alloy coating and nano-Cu lubricating additive have excellent synergistic effect, e g, the wear resistance of Ni-W-P alloy coating （with heat treatment and the oil with nano-Cu additives） has increased hundreds times than 45 steel as the metal substrate with the basic oil, and zero wear is achieved, which breaks through the bottleneck of previous separate research of the above-mentioned two aspects.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China （No.20776089） and the New Century Excellent Talents Program of Ministry of Education （No.NCET-05-0783）. The State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering in Sichuan University was acknowledged for providing dmol3 modules and Prof. Ying Xue, Xiang-yuan Li, and Quan Zhu were grateful for the useful discussions.
文摘The process and mechanism of the ligand volume controlled Pd（PR3）2 （PR3=PH3, PMe3, and PtBu3） oxidative addition with aryl bromide were investigated, using density functional theory method with the conductor-like screening model. Association pathway and dissocia-tion pathway were investigated by the comparison of several energies. The cleavage energy of Pd（PR3）2 complex was calculated, as well as the oxidative addition reaction barrier energy of Pd（PR3）n （n=1,2） with aryl bromide in N,N-dimethylformamide solvent. This study proved that the ligands volume possessed a great impact on the mechanism of oxidative addition： less bulky ligand palladium associated with aryl bromide via two donor ligands,but larger bulky ligand palladium coordinated via monoligand.
基金supported by grants from the Ministry of Agriculture of China(2009ZX08009-102B)Chinese Academy of Sciences(KSCX3-EW-N-01)+2 种基金the Ministry of Science and Technology of China(2012CB944800)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31130071)the Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China (Y3110394)
文摘Rice grain shape, grain length （GL）, width （GW）, thickness （GT） and length-to-width ratio （LWR）, are usually controlled by multiple quantitative trait locus （QTL）. To elucidate the genetic basis of extremely large grain shape, QTL analysis was performed using an F2 population derived from a cross between a japonica cuttivar ＇JZI560＇ （extremely large grain） and a contrasting indica cultivar ＇FAZI＇ （small grain）. A total number of 24 QTLs were detected on seven different chromosomes. QTLs for GL, GW, GT and LWR explained 11.6%, 95.62%, 91.5% and 89.9% of total phenotypic variation, respectively. Many QTLs pleiotropically controlled different grain traits, contributing complex traits correlation. GW2 and qSW5/GW5, which have been cloned previously to control GW, showed similar chromosomal locations with qGW2-1/qGT2-1/qLWR2-2 and qGW5-2/qLWR5-1 and should be the right candidate genes. Plants pyramiding GW2 and qSW5/GW5 showed a significant increase in GW compared with those carrying one of the two major QTLs. Furthermore, no significant QTL interaction was observed between GW2 and qSW5/GW5. These results suggested that GW2 and qSW5/GW5 might work in independent pathways to regulate grain traits. ＇JZ1560＇ alleles underlying all QTLs contributed an increase in GW and GT and the accumulation of additive effects generates the extremely large grain shape in ＇JZ1560＇.
基金supported by the the Special Grand National Science and Technology Project,China(2009ZX08005-020B)
文摘Inheritance and interrelationship of phenotype and genotype of earliness traits were evaluated in a diallel analysis involving six early-maturing parents. Date of first square （DFS）, date of first flower （DFF）, date of first open boll （DFOB）, number of node first sympodial branch （NNFSB）, and harvested rate before frost （HRBF） as earliness traits of six parents, 15 F1 hybrids and 15 F2 progenies were investigated from 2005 to 2008. The experiment design was a randomized complete block design with three replications. Additive, dominance and epistasis effects were analyzed with ADAA （additive- dominance-epistasis） model. HRBF, DFF, and DFOB showed significant additive genetic variances. Heritability estimates ranged from 0.088 （HN, narrow sense） and 0.416 （HNE, environment interaction） for HRBF, to 0.103 （HN） and 0.524 （HNE） for DFF, and to 0.187 （HN） and 0.519 （H~） for DFOB. Dominance genetic effects for DFS, DFF, DFOB, and NNSFB were stronger than additive effects. Additive-by-additive epistatic effects for DFS, DFOB, and NNSFB were detected and affected by environment. Correlation analysis showed generally that HRBF had a significant negative genetic and phenotypic correlation with DFS, DFOB, and NNFSB; DFS had significant positive genetic and phenotypic correlations with DFF, DFOB, and NNFSB; significant positive genetic and phenotypic correlations were also detected between DFF and DFOB, DFF and NNFSB, DFOB and NNFSB. The results showed that the lower the node to the first fruiting branch and the shorter the plant, the earlier was the onset of squaring, flowering, and boll opening, the higher was the harvest rate before frost. Heredity of earliness traits among parents and their hybrids were also detected and parents A1, A2, Bl, B2, and B3 could be used to improve earliness traits of short season cotton cultivars.
基金supported by State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding(Northeast Forestry University)(K2013204)co-financed with NSFC project(31470673)Guangdong Science and Technology Planning Project(2016B070701008)
文摘To improve multi-environmental trial(MET)analysis,a compound method—which combines factor analytic(FA)model with additive main effect and multiplicative interaction(AMMI)and genotype main effect plus genotype-by-environment interaction(GGE)biplot—was conducted in this study.The diameter at breast height of 36 open-pollinated(OP)families of Pinus taeda at six sites in South China was used as a raw dataset.The best linear unbiased prediction(BLUP)data of all individual trees in each site was obtained by fitting the spatial effects with the FA method from raw data.The raw data and BLUP data were analyzed and compared by using the AMMI and GGE biplot.BLUP results showed that the six sites were heterogeneous and spatial variation could be effectively fitted by spatial analysis with the FA method.AMMI analysis identified that two datasets had highly significant effects on the site,family,and their interactions,while BLUP data had a smaller residual error,but higher variation explaining ability and more credible stability than raw data.GGE biplot results revealed that raw data and BLUP data had different results in mega-environment delineation,test-environment evaluation,and genotype evaluation.In addition,BLUP data results were more reasonable due to the stronger analytical ability of the first two principal components.Our study suggests that the compound method combing the FA method with the AMMI and GGE biplot could improve the analysis result of MET data in Pinus teada as it was more reliable than direct AMMI and GGE biplot analysis on raw data.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32001584)the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province,China(ZR202111290099)+2 种基金the Breeding Project from Department Science&Technology of Shandong Province,China(2020LZGC001)the Agricultural Scientific and the Technological Innovation Project of Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences,China(CXGC2022A21,CXGC2022A03,and CXGC2023A06(A39 and A46))the Qingdao People’s Livelihood Science and Technology Program,China(20-3-4-26-nsh)。
文摘Peanut pod shape is a heritable trait which affects the market acceptance of in-shell peanut products.In order to determine the genetic control of pod shape,six component traits of pod shape(pod length,pod width,pod length/width ratio,pod roundness,beak degree and constriction degree)were measured using an image-based phenotyping method.A recombinant inbred line(RIL)population consisting of 181 lines was phenotyped across three environments.Continuous distributions and transgressive segregations were demonstrated in all measured traits and environments.Significant correlations were found among most component traits with broad-sense heritability ranging from 0.87 to 0.95.Quantitative trait locus(QTL)analysis yielded 26 additive QTLs explaining 3.79 to 52.37%phenotypic variations.A novel,stable and major QTL region conditioning multiple shape features was detected on chromosome 2,which spans a 10.81-Mb genomic region with 543 putative genes.Bioinformatics analysis revealed several candidate genes in this region.In addition,73 pairs of epistatic interactions involving 92 loci were identified for six component traits explaining 0.94–6.45%phenotypic variations.These results provide new genetic loci to facilitate genomics-assisted breeding of peanut pod shape.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(39870421)the Key Research Project of Zhejiang Province,China(2003C22007 and 8812).
文摘With the AMMI (additive main effects and multiplicative interaction) analysis model, thedetermination of the sensitivity to temperature among different TGMS (thermo-sensitivegenic male sterile) lines was performed. To assess the genetic differences due to hightemperature stress at the fertility-sensitive stage (10-20d before heading), sevengenotypes (six TGMS lines and the control Pei-Ai64S) were grown from May 4 at sevendifferent stages with 10d intervals. The temperatures at the fertility-sensitive stagesinvolved twelve levels from<20 to>℃ under the regime natural conditions in Hangzhou,China. There was considerable variation in pollen fertility among genotypes in responseto high temperature. Five genotypes identified as TGMS lines as their percentages offertile pollens were lower than or close to that of the control except for the unstableline RTS19 (V6). When the temperatures at the fertility-sensitive stage were at Ⅰ-Ⅳ,Ⅴ-Ⅵ and Ⅶ-Ⅻ, the percentages of fertile pollens varied in the ranges of 46.46-48.49%,19.62-22.79% and 3.49-5.87%, respectively. The critical temperatures of sterility andfertility in the five TGMS lines were 25.1 and 23.0℃, respectively. Considering theamounts and directions of main effect and their IPCA (interaction principal componentsanalysis), we can classify the lines and temperature levels into different groups, anddescribe the characteristics of genotypetemperature interaction, offering the informationand tools for the development and utility of thermo-sensitive male sterile lines.Several TGMS rice lines with their reproductive sensitivity to high temperature that canbe screened using the AMMI model may add valuable germplasm to the breeding program ofhybrid rice.
