Introduction:Propagule pressure(i.e.,the number of propagules)has long been recognized to play an essential role in plant invasion.But it is not clear whether propagule pressure influences the invasion of exotic plant...Introduction:Propagule pressure(i.e.,the number of propagules)has long been recognized to play an essential role in plant invasion.But it is not clear whether propagule pressure influences the invasion of exotic plants into native plant communities when different frequencies of nitrogen are added.Method:We established an experiment with three plant communities that included native plant communities alone(four grasses,two legumes and two forbs)or native plant communities with one or five invasive plants,Solidago canadensis,under three frequencies of nitrogen addition(no addition or low or high addition with the same amount).Results:High propagule pressure significantly enhanced the biomass and relative dominance index of S.canadensis.Moreover,high propagule pressure only decreased the total and aboveground biomass of the legumes.However,the competitive effect between S.canadensis and the native community and biomass of the whole native community varied according to different frequencies.Conclusion:Overall,high propagule pressure encouraged invasion by S.canadensis,while alow nitrogen frequency was advantageous for the native community to resist invasion in this experiment.The results provide a scientific basis to manage and control the invasion of S.canadensis.展开更多
Confining synthetic catalysts in nanoscopic compartments has been gaining traction as a method to introduce additional levels of control in catalytic transformations.Running reactions inside of compartments is ubiquit...Confining synthetic catalysts in nanoscopic compartments has been gaining traction as a method to introduce additional levels of control in catalytic transformations.Running reactions inside of compartments is ubiquitous in biology,and recent attention has turned toward applying the same principles to synthetic systems.This perspective attempts to elucidate compartment design principles and identify shortcomings of current methodologies.We start by using enzymes as an exemplar model system for biological compartments,extrapolate guiding principles,and apply them to organometallic catalysts.Structure and space are then explored as overarching design principles at work in compartmentalization.Finally,suggestions for future directions are provided.Compartmentalization has the potential to become a powerful synthetic tool,however,further work in understanding the fundamental principles at play is required.Herein,compartmentalization is presented as an important synthetic strategy guided by biomimicry.展开更多
基金This work was supported by the National Key R&D Program of China[2021YFC2600400]Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities[2015ZCQ-BH-01]+2 种基金China Major Science and Technology Program for Water Pollution Control and Treatment[2017ZX07602-004-003]National Natural Science Foundation of China[31470475]Zhejiang Provincial Ten Thousand Plan for Young Top Talents[2018R52016].
文摘Introduction:Propagule pressure(i.e.,the number of propagules)has long been recognized to play an essential role in plant invasion.But it is not clear whether propagule pressure influences the invasion of exotic plants into native plant communities when different frequencies of nitrogen are added.Method:We established an experiment with three plant communities that included native plant communities alone(four grasses,two legumes and two forbs)or native plant communities with one or five invasive plants,Solidago canadensis,under three frequencies of nitrogen addition(no addition or low or high addition with the same amount).Results:High propagule pressure significantly enhanced the biomass and relative dominance index of S.canadensis.Moreover,high propagule pressure only decreased the total and aboveground biomass of the legumes.However,the competitive effect between S.canadensis and the native community and biomass of the whole native community varied according to different frequencies.Conclusion:Overall,high propagule pressure encouraged invasion by S.canadensis,while alow nitrogen frequency was advantageous for the native community to resist invasion in this experiment.The results provide a scientific basis to manage and control the invasion of S.canadensis.
基金the National Science Foundation as part of the Center for Integrated Catalysis(CHE-2023955)for supporting this work.
文摘Confining synthetic catalysts in nanoscopic compartments has been gaining traction as a method to introduce additional levels of control in catalytic transformations.Running reactions inside of compartments is ubiquitous in biology,and recent attention has turned toward applying the same principles to synthetic systems.This perspective attempts to elucidate compartment design principles and identify shortcomings of current methodologies.We start by using enzymes as an exemplar model system for biological compartments,extrapolate guiding principles,and apply them to organometallic catalysts.Structure and space are then explored as overarching design principles at work in compartmentalization.Finally,suggestions for future directions are provided.Compartmentalization has the potential to become a powerful synthetic tool,however,further work in understanding the fundamental principles at play is required.Herein,compartmentalization is presented as an important synthetic strategy guided by biomimicry.
