Teaching mathematics is complex.The changing role of the teacher and the increased demands and expectations placed upon mathematics teachers in the 21st century in South Africa significantly influence the types of kno...Teaching mathematics is complex.The changing role of the teacher and the increased demands and expectations placed upon mathematics teachers in the 21st century in South Africa significantly influence the types of knowledge and skills they require in their undergraduate education and professional development.Reflection,as an aspect of metacognitive awareness,enables teachers to think with what they know in learning about teaching and it is therefore an essential characteristic of professional development of mathematics student teachers.Adapted lesson study and literature regarding metacognitive awareness and reflection were implemented in a mathematics didactics course.In this qualitative interpretative case study,the levels of reflections(guided by reflective prompts)and metacognitive awareness in the reflections of one student teacher(Anne)in a mathematics didactics course were collected,analysed,and interpreted(as part of a bigger study).Anne gave evidence in her reflections of her personal insight on her task(teaching),the learners(person)in her classroom,and the teaching-learning strategies(strategies)she had to reflect on the planning,presenting,and evaluating her mathematics lessons.Using adapted lesson study and reflections seems to have facilitated Anne’s metacognitive awareness as well as her professional development as a mathematics teacher.展开更多
Born as Ly Cong Uan, Ly Thai To is the first king of the Ly Dynasty. The most important contribution of Ly Thai To in Vietnamese history is to move the capital from Hoa Lu to Dai La, and rename it as Thang Long （Asce...Born as Ly Cong Uan, Ly Thai To is the first king of the Ly Dynasty. The most important contribution of Ly Thai To in Vietnamese history is to move the capital from Hoa Lu to Dai La, and rename it as Thang Long （Ascending Dragon） in 1010. Nowadays, it is known as Hanoi. Ly Thai To promoted Buddhism, and reduced the centuries-old influence of Confucianism in the kingdom. The growth and prevalence of Buddhism brought about a long period of peace, where Buddhist literature consequently flourished with seminal achievements. Due to King Ly Thai To＇s enormous contributions, the Vietnamese have created several legends and anecdotes to mystify his life. Thus, although a historical figure, his life remains a mystery and controversy. In 2010, Hanoi celebrated the 1000th anniversary of Thang Long. On this occasion, Vietnamese historical films about Ly Cong Uan were produced. This created intriguing variations within historical facts, legends, and on-screen stories. This paper will explore the reconstruction of Ly Cong Uan＇s life from an adaptation studies perspective through four historical films： Legend of the Capital Relocation （Huyen su thien do）, Thang Long Aspiration （Khat vong Thang Long）, Ly Cong Uan The Road to Thang Long Citadel （Ly Cong Uan： Dtrong toi thanh Thang Long）, Child of the Dragon （Ngtroi con cua Rong）. This research also wants to clarify the issues of national identity, nationalism, and cultural interaction reflected through the representations of Ly Thai To in those cinematic products展开更多
Neutrophils are the first line of defense in nonspecific immunity(innate immunity)and interact with other immune cells to participate in specific defense mechanisms(adaptive immunity).Studies have shown that the tumor...Neutrophils are the first line of defense in nonspecific immunity(innate immunity)and interact with other immune cells to participate in specific defense mechanisms(adaptive immunity).Studies have shown that the tumor microenvironment(TME)mediates tumor development and recruits neutrophils into tumors to become tumor-associated neutrophils(TANs),an important part of TME,and achieve extended lifespan.TANs can be differentiated into the antitumor or protumor phenotype,and play an important role in tumor occurrence,proliferation and recurrence,invasion and metastasis,angiogenesis,cell necrosis,and so on.Here,we summarize the TAN origin and subtypes found through Single-cell RNA sequencing analysis in different types of tumors in recent literature,and the molecular mechanisms underlying their antitumor and protumor effects on tumors.We focus on the interaction between TANs and immunosuppressive or immunostimulatory TME,as well as signal pathways such as transforming growth factorβ(TGF-β)associated with TAN phenotype transition.Based on the summarized mechanisms,we focus on the potential application and latest strategies of TAN-based immunotherapy,chemotherapy,and combination therapy in the preclinical study and clinical trials of tumors.The discussion on promising therapy encompasses five key areas:inhibition of the tumorpromoting effect of TANs,enhancement of the antitumor effect of TANs,targeting the interaction between TANs and the TME,reprogramming of TANs,and drug delivery carriers.Finally,we discuss the potential of TANs and their related markers as emerging biomarkers for predicting the prognosis of cancer patients.展开更多
文摘Teaching mathematics is complex.The changing role of the teacher and the increased demands and expectations placed upon mathematics teachers in the 21st century in South Africa significantly influence the types of knowledge and skills they require in their undergraduate education and professional development.Reflection,as an aspect of metacognitive awareness,enables teachers to think with what they know in learning about teaching and it is therefore an essential characteristic of professional development of mathematics student teachers.Adapted lesson study and literature regarding metacognitive awareness and reflection were implemented in a mathematics didactics course.In this qualitative interpretative case study,the levels of reflections(guided by reflective prompts)and metacognitive awareness in the reflections of one student teacher(Anne)in a mathematics didactics course were collected,analysed,and interpreted(as part of a bigger study).Anne gave evidence in her reflections of her personal insight on her task(teaching),the learners(person)in her classroom,and the teaching-learning strategies(strategies)she had to reflect on the planning,presenting,and evaluating her mathematics lessons.Using adapted lesson study and reflections seems to have facilitated Anne’s metacognitive awareness as well as her professional development as a mathematics teacher.
文摘Born as Ly Cong Uan, Ly Thai To is the first king of the Ly Dynasty. The most important contribution of Ly Thai To in Vietnamese history is to move the capital from Hoa Lu to Dai La, and rename it as Thang Long （Ascending Dragon） in 1010. Nowadays, it is known as Hanoi. Ly Thai To promoted Buddhism, and reduced the centuries-old influence of Confucianism in the kingdom. The growth and prevalence of Buddhism brought about a long period of peace, where Buddhist literature consequently flourished with seminal achievements. Due to King Ly Thai To＇s enormous contributions, the Vietnamese have created several legends and anecdotes to mystify his life. Thus, although a historical figure, his life remains a mystery and controversy. In 2010, Hanoi celebrated the 1000th anniversary of Thang Long. On this occasion, Vietnamese historical films about Ly Cong Uan were produced. This created intriguing variations within historical facts, legends, and on-screen stories. This paper will explore the reconstruction of Ly Cong Uan＇s life from an adaptation studies perspective through four historical films： Legend of the Capital Relocation （Huyen su thien do）, Thang Long Aspiration （Khat vong Thang Long）, Ly Cong Uan The Road to Thang Long Citadel （Ly Cong Uan： Dtrong toi thanh Thang Long）, Child of the Dragon （Ngtroi con cua Rong）. This research also wants to clarify the issues of national identity, nationalism, and cultural interaction reflected through the representations of Ly Thai To in those cinematic products
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.82072999,82172285,82241049,82273320,81972665)1·3·5 project of excellent development of discipline of West China Hospital of Sichuan University(No.ZYYC24002).
文摘Neutrophils are the first line of defense in nonspecific immunity(innate immunity)and interact with other immune cells to participate in specific defense mechanisms(adaptive immunity).Studies have shown that the tumor microenvironment(TME)mediates tumor development and recruits neutrophils into tumors to become tumor-associated neutrophils(TANs),an important part of TME,and achieve extended lifespan.TANs can be differentiated into the antitumor or protumor phenotype,and play an important role in tumor occurrence,proliferation and recurrence,invasion and metastasis,angiogenesis,cell necrosis,and so on.Here,we summarize the TAN origin and subtypes found through Single-cell RNA sequencing analysis in different types of tumors in recent literature,and the molecular mechanisms underlying their antitumor and protumor effects on tumors.We focus on the interaction between TANs and immunosuppressive or immunostimulatory TME,as well as signal pathways such as transforming growth factorβ(TGF-β)associated with TAN phenotype transition.Based on the summarized mechanisms,we focus on the potential application and latest strategies of TAN-based immunotherapy,chemotherapy,and combination therapy in the preclinical study and clinical trials of tumors.The discussion on promising therapy encompasses five key areas:inhibition of the tumorpromoting effect of TANs,enhancement of the antitumor effect of TANs,targeting the interaction between TANs and the TME,reprogramming of TANs,and drug delivery carriers.Finally,we discuss the potential of TANs and their related markers as emerging biomarkers for predicting the prognosis of cancer patients.
