For the purpose of achieving high-resolution optimal solutions this paper proposes a nodal design variablebased adaptive method for topology optimization of continuum structures. The analysis mesh-independent density ...For the purpose of achieving high-resolution optimal solutions this paper proposes a nodal design variablebased adaptive method for topology optimization of continuum structures. The analysis mesh-independent density field, interpolated by the nodal design variables at a given set of density points, is adaptively refined/coarsened accord- ing to a criterion regarding the gray-scale measure of local regions. New density points are added into the gray regions and redundant ones are removed from the regions occupied by purely solid/void phases for decreasing the number of de- sign variables. A penalization factor adaptivity technique is employed-to prevent premature convergence of the optimiza- tion iterations. Such an adaptive scheme not only improves the structural boundary description quality, but also allows for sufficient further topological evolution of the structural layout in higher adaptivity levels and thus essentially enables high-resolution solutions. Moreover, compared with the case with uniformly and finely distributed density points, the proposed adaptive method can achieve a higher numerical efficiency of the optimization process.展开更多
Hepatitis B virus(HBV) infection is a major public healthproblem worldwide. HBV is not directly cytotoxic to infected hepatocytes; the clinical outcome of infection results from complicated interactions between the vi...Hepatitis B virus(HBV) infection is a major public healthproblem worldwide. HBV is not directly cytotoxic to infected hepatocytes; the clinical outcome of infection results from complicated interactions between the virus and the host immune system. In acute HBV infection, initiation of a broad, vigorous immune response is res-ponsible for viral clearance and self-limited inflammatory liver disease. Effective and coordinated innate and adaptive immune responses are critical for viral clearance and the development of long-lasting immunity. Chronic hepatitis B patients fail to mount efficient innate and adaptive immune responses to the virus. In particular, HBV-specific cytotoxic T cells, which are crucial for HBV clearance, are hyporesponsiveness to HBV infection. Accumulating experimental evidence obtained from the development of animal and cell line models has highlighted the importance of innate immunity in the early control of HBV spread. The virus has evolved immune escape strategies, with higher HBV loads and HBV protein concentrations associated with increasing impairment of immune function. Therefore, treatment of HBV infection requires inhibition of HBV replication and protein expression to restore the suppressed host immunity. Complicated interactions exist not only between innate and adaptive responses, but also among innate immune cells and different components of adaptive responses. Improved insight into these complex interactions are important in designing new therapeutic strategies for the treatment HBV infection. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge regarding the cross-talk between the innate and adaptive immune responses and among different immunocytes in HBV infection.展开更多
目的分析ADAP2基因与肺鳞癌患者预后及其与肿瘤微环境免疫细胞浸润的关联。方法下载TCGA(The Cancer Genome Atlas)数据库肺鳞癌患者临床信息和癌组织ADAP2基因转录水平,运用KM生存曲线和Cox比例风险模型分析ADAP2基因和患者预后的关联...目的分析ADAP2基因与肺鳞癌患者预后及其与肿瘤微环境免疫细胞浸润的关联。方法下载TCGA(The Cancer Genome Atlas)数据库肺鳞癌患者临床信息和癌组织ADAP2基因转录水平,运用KM生存曲线和Cox比例风险模型分析ADAP2基因和患者预后的关联;采用xCell数据库分析ADAP2基因表达和肿瘤微环境免疫浸润的关系;利用免疫荧光双染实验观察ADAP2蛋白与M2型巨噬细胞标志物CD163的空间共定位。结果多因素Cox分析结果显示,ADAP2表达是肺鳞癌患者独立的预后因素,其高表达与肺鳞癌患者不良预后密切相关(HR=1.533,95%CI:1.139~2.064,P=0.005)。ADAP2基因与肿瘤微环境评分呈正相关(r=0.609,95%CI:0.550~0.661,P<0.001),与免疫评分也同样呈正相关(r=0.596,95%CI:0.536~0.650,P<0.001)。ADAP2基因与肺鳞癌单核吞噬细胞系统(巨噬细胞、巨噬细胞M1、巨噬细胞M2、单核细胞)的浸润呈高度正相关(r=0.737、0.718、0.603、0.631,P<0.001)。ADAP2与CD163存在共定位,主要表达于细胞膜。结论ADAP2有望成为预测肺鳞癌患者预后和免疫治疗效果的潜在生物标志物。展开更多
This paper employs Kim's(2001)‘Process of Cross-cultural Adaptation theory'to analyze the film—Outsourced,which talking about cross-cultural boundaries and how the protagonist Todd adapting to the Indian cul...This paper employs Kim's(2001)‘Process of Cross-cultural Adaptation theory'to analyze the film—Outsourced,which talking about cross-cultural boundaries and how the protagonist Todd adapting to the Indian culture. Stress, adaptation and growth are three crucial phrases in the process of cross-cultural adaptation, which are correlated to each other and perform in a cyclic and continual way of‘draw-back-to-leap'. In this paper, each phrase is analyzed via employing theories and illustrating examples that Todd has experienced and encountered in India to highlight Todd's process of cross-cultural adaptation. Moreover, implications will be explored by the paper and suggestions will be offered to the sojourners for their better adaptation in the host country. In addition, the paper presents the differences between American culture and Indian culture, which are to some extent, the obstacles affecting successful cross-cultural adaptation.展开更多
Two-dimensional mesh-based motion tracking preserves neighboring relations (through connectivity of the mesh) and also allows warping transformations between pairs of frames;thus, it effectively eliminates blocking ar...Two-dimensional mesh-based motion tracking preserves neighboring relations (through connectivity of the mesh) and also allows warping transformations between pairs of frames;thus, it effectively eliminates blocking artifacts that are common in motion compensation by block matching. However, available uniform 2-D mesh model enforces connec-tivity everywhere within a frame, which is clearly not suitable across occlusion boundaries. To overcome this limitation, BTBC (background to be covered) detection and MF (model failure) detection algorithms are being used. In this algorithm, connectivity of the mesh elements (patches) across covered and uncovered region boundaries are broken. This is achieved by allowing no node points within the background to be covered and refining the mesh structure within the model failure region at each frame. We modify the occlusion-adaptive, content-based mesh design and forward tracking algorithm used by Yucel Altunbasak for selection of points for triangular 2-D mesh design. Then, we propose a new triangulation procedure for mesh structure and also a new algorithm to justify connectivity of mesh structure after motion vector estimation of the mesh points. The modified content-based mesh is adaptive which eliminates the necessity of transmission of all node locations at each frame.展开更多
A novel automatic white-balance algorithm based on adaptive-luminance is proposed in this paper. This algorithm rede- fines the gray pixels region, which can filter the gray pixels accurately. Furthermore, with the re...A novel automatic white-balance algorithm based on adaptive-luminance is proposed in this paper. This algorithm rede- fines the gray pixels region, which can filter the gray pixels accurately. Furthermore, with the relations between gray pixels’ luminance with standard light source and their chroma Cb, Cr shifts with other color temperatures, the algorithm estab- lishes the equations between the captured pixels and the original ones, which can estimate the gains of RGB channels exactly. To evaluate the prop...展开更多
Heightened platelet phagocytosis by macrophages accompanied by an increase in IFN-γplay key roles in the etiology of immune thrombocytopenia(ITP);however,it remains elusive how macrophage-mediated platelet clearance ...Heightened platelet phagocytosis by macrophages accompanied by an increase in IFN-γplay key roles in the etiology of immune thrombocytopenia(ITP);however,it remains elusive how macrophage-mediated platelet clearance is regulated in ITP.Here,we report that adhesion and degranulation-protein adaptor protein(ADAP)restrains platelet phagocytosis by macrophages in ITP via modulation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 1(STAT1)-FcγR signaling.We show that ITP was associated with the underexpression of ADAP in splenic macrophages.Furthermore,macrophages from Adap^(−/−)mice exhibited elevated platelet phagocytosis and upregulated proinflammatory signaling,and thrombocytopenia in Adap^(−/−)mice was mitigated by the depletion of macrophages.Mechanistically,ADAP interacted and competed with STAT1 binding to importinα5.ADAP deficiency potentiated STAT1 nuclear entry,leading to a selective enhancement of FcγRI/IV transcription in macrophages.Moreover,pharmacological inhibition of STAT1 or disruption of the STAT1-importinα5 interaction relieved thrombocytopenia in Adap^(−/−)mice.Thus,our findings not only reveal a critical role for ADAP as an intracellular immune checkpoint for shaping macrophage phagocytosis in ITP but also identify the ADAP-STAT1-importinα5 module as a promising therapeutic target in the treatment of ITP.展开更多
For mid-latitude cities, higher summer temperatures due to climate change are a cause for concern because they aggravate the urban heat island phenomenon and reduce thermal comfort inside buildings. By acquiring the a...For mid-latitude cities, higher summer temperatures due to climate change are a cause for concern because they aggravate the urban heat island phenomenon and reduce thermal comfort inside buildings. By acquiring the appropriate knowledge and skills, architects and urban designers can become key actors in adaptation to climate change. Two workshops bringing together architects and urban designers provided evidence of deficiencies in this area. We hypothesize that a design support tool （DST） focused on the issue of adaptation of mid- latitude cities to rising summer temperatures could help improve knowledge and skills of professionals in the field. The first section presents the results taken from a review and classification of DSTs, which highlight the toots＇ features that are LikeLy to reach this goal Toots of the ＂hybrid＂ category seem most appropriate. To verify this, seven DSTs were selected and tested by fourteen students enrolled in a graduate-level architecture design studio. The second section presents the results from this test, including an analysis of the final projects, a web- based questionnaire and two focus groups. The relevance of hybrid approaches is established, but the results bring into question the capacity of a single DST to meet the individual and multiple needs of professionals.展开更多
目的 视频内容描述任务旨在自动生成自然语言句子,精准表达视频视觉语义信息。尽管编码器—解码器方法在视觉表达与语言生成上已有进展,但视频编码器难以建模目标级运动与事件,解码器也难以实现跨模态语义对齐,限制了生成文本质量。为此...目的 视频内容描述任务旨在自动生成自然语言句子,精准表达视频视觉语义信息。尽管编码器—解码器方法在视觉表达与语言生成上已有进展,但视频编码器难以建模目标级运动与事件,解码器也难以实现跨模态语义对齐,限制了生成文本质量。为此,提出融合轨迹时空感知与自适应语义聚焦的方法,以增强目标运动建模能力并改善多模态语义对齐。方法 首先,提出基于点轨迹的视觉特征聚合方法,通过时空建模生成兼具空间外观与时间连续性的轨迹特征,并与局部运动特征融合,以增强模型在运动和形变场景下的目标追踪能力和语义连贯性;同时,设计无监督自适应关键轨迹聚焦学习方法,利用密集点轨迹动态信息,通过注意力权重自适应筛选关键轨迹并引入聚焦损失,引导模型优先关注关键语义区域、抑制背景干扰,从而提升跨模态语义关联能力。结果 在MSRVTT(Microsoft research video to text)和MSVD(Microsoft research video description corpus)两个公开数据集上进行实验,所提方法在CIDEr(consensus-based image description evaluation)指标上分别取得61.2和130.1的得分,显著优于现有主流方法,验证了所提方法在描述准确性与语义丰富性方面的有效性。定性分析表明,该方法在提升描述的时序连贯性和语义表达能力方面表现优异。结论 本文方法有效提升了视频描述模型在复杂动态环境下的目标语义连续性建模能力,并通过无监督的自适应关键轨迹聚焦学习方法改善了注意力机制对视频与文本语义关联的能力。展开更多
基金supported by the Key Project of Chinese National Programs for Fundamental Research and Development(2010CB832703)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(11072047 and 91130025)
文摘For the purpose of achieving high-resolution optimal solutions this paper proposes a nodal design variablebased adaptive method for topology optimization of continuum structures. The analysis mesh-independent density field, interpolated by the nodal design variables at a given set of density points, is adaptively refined/coarsened accord- ing to a criterion regarding the gray-scale measure of local regions. New density points are added into the gray regions and redundant ones are removed from the regions occupied by purely solid/void phases for decreasing the number of de- sign variables. A penalization factor adaptivity technique is employed-to prevent premature convergence of the optimiza- tion iterations. Such an adaptive scheme not only improves the structural boundary description quality, but also allows for sufficient further topological evolution of the structural layout in higher adaptivity levels and thus essentially enables high-resolution solutions. Moreover, compared with the case with uniformly and finely distributed density points, the proposed adaptive method can achieve a higher numerical efficiency of the optimization process.
基金Supported by Grants of Yantai Science and Technology Plan Project,No.2012116
文摘Hepatitis B virus(HBV) infection is a major public healthproblem worldwide. HBV is not directly cytotoxic to infected hepatocytes; the clinical outcome of infection results from complicated interactions between the virus and the host immune system. In acute HBV infection, initiation of a broad, vigorous immune response is res-ponsible for viral clearance and self-limited inflammatory liver disease. Effective and coordinated innate and adaptive immune responses are critical for viral clearance and the development of long-lasting immunity. Chronic hepatitis B patients fail to mount efficient innate and adaptive immune responses to the virus. In particular, HBV-specific cytotoxic T cells, which are crucial for HBV clearance, are hyporesponsiveness to HBV infection. Accumulating experimental evidence obtained from the development of animal and cell line models has highlighted the importance of innate immunity in the early control of HBV spread. The virus has evolved immune escape strategies, with higher HBV loads and HBV protein concentrations associated with increasing impairment of immune function. Therefore, treatment of HBV infection requires inhibition of HBV replication and protein expression to restore the suppressed host immunity. Complicated interactions exist not only between innate and adaptive responses, but also among innate immune cells and different components of adaptive responses. Improved insight into these complex interactions are important in designing new therapeutic strategies for the treatment HBV infection. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge regarding the cross-talk between the innate and adaptive immune responses and among different immunocytes in HBV infection.
文摘目的分析ADAP2基因与肺鳞癌患者预后及其与肿瘤微环境免疫细胞浸润的关联。方法下载TCGA(The Cancer Genome Atlas)数据库肺鳞癌患者临床信息和癌组织ADAP2基因转录水平,运用KM生存曲线和Cox比例风险模型分析ADAP2基因和患者预后的关联;采用xCell数据库分析ADAP2基因表达和肿瘤微环境免疫浸润的关系;利用免疫荧光双染实验观察ADAP2蛋白与M2型巨噬细胞标志物CD163的空间共定位。结果多因素Cox分析结果显示,ADAP2表达是肺鳞癌患者独立的预后因素,其高表达与肺鳞癌患者不良预后密切相关(HR=1.533,95%CI:1.139~2.064,P=0.005)。ADAP2基因与肿瘤微环境评分呈正相关(r=0.609,95%CI:0.550~0.661,P<0.001),与免疫评分也同样呈正相关(r=0.596,95%CI:0.536~0.650,P<0.001)。ADAP2基因与肺鳞癌单核吞噬细胞系统(巨噬细胞、巨噬细胞M1、巨噬细胞M2、单核细胞)的浸润呈高度正相关(r=0.737、0.718、0.603、0.631,P<0.001)。ADAP2与CD163存在共定位,主要表达于细胞膜。结论ADAP2有望成为预测肺鳞癌患者预后和免疫治疗效果的潜在生物标志物。
文摘This paper employs Kim's(2001)‘Process of Cross-cultural Adaptation theory'to analyze the film—Outsourced,which talking about cross-cultural boundaries and how the protagonist Todd adapting to the Indian culture. Stress, adaptation and growth are three crucial phrases in the process of cross-cultural adaptation, which are correlated to each other and perform in a cyclic and continual way of‘draw-back-to-leap'. In this paper, each phrase is analyzed via employing theories and illustrating examples that Todd has experienced and encountered in India to highlight Todd's process of cross-cultural adaptation. Moreover, implications will be explored by the paper and suggestions will be offered to the sojourners for their better adaptation in the host country. In addition, the paper presents the differences between American culture and Indian culture, which are to some extent, the obstacles affecting successful cross-cultural adaptation.
文摘Two-dimensional mesh-based motion tracking preserves neighboring relations (through connectivity of the mesh) and also allows warping transformations between pairs of frames;thus, it effectively eliminates blocking artifacts that are common in motion compensation by block matching. However, available uniform 2-D mesh model enforces connec-tivity everywhere within a frame, which is clearly not suitable across occlusion boundaries. To overcome this limitation, BTBC (background to be covered) detection and MF (model failure) detection algorithms are being used. In this algorithm, connectivity of the mesh elements (patches) across covered and uncovered region boundaries are broken. This is achieved by allowing no node points within the background to be covered and refining the mesh structure within the model failure region at each frame. We modify the occlusion-adaptive, content-based mesh design and forward tracking algorithm used by Yucel Altunbasak for selection of points for triangular 2-D mesh design. Then, we propose a new triangulation procedure for mesh structure and also a new algorithm to justify connectivity of mesh structure after motion vector estimation of the mesh points. The modified content-based mesh is adaptive which eliminates the necessity of transmission of all node locations at each frame.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Fou-ndation of China (Grant No.60576025)the Special SubjectFoundation of Tianjin (Grant.05 FZZDGX00200).
文摘A novel automatic white-balance algorithm based on adaptive-luminance is proposed in this paper. This algorithm rede- fines the gray pixels region, which can filter the gray pixels accurately. Furthermore, with the relations between gray pixels’ luminance with standard light source and their chroma Cb, Cr shifts with other color temperatures, the algorithm estab- lishes the equations between the captured pixels and the original ones, which can estimate the gains of RGB channels exactly. To evaluate the prop...
基金Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Higher Education Institution-Key Program under 21KJA310002(H.L.)the Suzhou Key Program Special Funds in XJTLU under KSF-A-21 and KSF-E-30(H.L.)+2 种基金Soochow University Research Development Funds under Q424900220(H.L.)National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)under Grant 31470840(H.L.)the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions.
文摘Heightened platelet phagocytosis by macrophages accompanied by an increase in IFN-γplay key roles in the etiology of immune thrombocytopenia(ITP);however,it remains elusive how macrophage-mediated platelet clearance is regulated in ITP.Here,we report that adhesion and degranulation-protein adaptor protein(ADAP)restrains platelet phagocytosis by macrophages in ITP via modulation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 1(STAT1)-FcγR signaling.We show that ITP was associated with the underexpression of ADAP in splenic macrophages.Furthermore,macrophages from Adap^(−/−)mice exhibited elevated platelet phagocytosis and upregulated proinflammatory signaling,and thrombocytopenia in Adap^(−/−)mice was mitigated by the depletion of macrophages.Mechanistically,ADAP interacted and competed with STAT1 binding to importinα5.ADAP deficiency potentiated STAT1 nuclear entry,leading to a selective enhancement of FcγRI/IV transcription in macrophages.Moreover,pharmacological inhibition of STAT1 or disruption of the STAT1-importinα5 interaction relieved thrombocytopenia in Adap^(−/−)mice.Thus,our findings not only reveal a critical role for ADAP as an intracellular immune checkpoint for shaping macrophage phagocytosis in ITP but also identify the ADAP-STAT1-importinα5 module as a promising therapeutic target in the treatment of ITP.
文摘For mid-latitude cities, higher summer temperatures due to climate change are a cause for concern because they aggravate the urban heat island phenomenon and reduce thermal comfort inside buildings. By acquiring the appropriate knowledge and skills, architects and urban designers can become key actors in adaptation to climate change. Two workshops bringing together architects and urban designers provided evidence of deficiencies in this area. We hypothesize that a design support tool （DST） focused on the issue of adaptation of mid- latitude cities to rising summer temperatures could help improve knowledge and skills of professionals in the field. The first section presents the results taken from a review and classification of DSTs, which highlight the toots＇ features that are LikeLy to reach this goal Toots of the ＂hybrid＂ category seem most appropriate. To verify this, seven DSTs were selected and tested by fourteen students enrolled in a graduate-level architecture design studio. The second section presents the results from this test, including an analysis of the final projects, a web- based questionnaire and two focus groups. The relevance of hybrid approaches is established, but the results bring into question the capacity of a single DST to meet the individual and multiple needs of professionals.
文摘目的 视频内容描述任务旨在自动生成自然语言句子,精准表达视频视觉语义信息。尽管编码器—解码器方法在视觉表达与语言生成上已有进展,但视频编码器难以建模目标级运动与事件,解码器也难以实现跨模态语义对齐,限制了生成文本质量。为此,提出融合轨迹时空感知与自适应语义聚焦的方法,以增强目标运动建模能力并改善多模态语义对齐。方法 首先,提出基于点轨迹的视觉特征聚合方法,通过时空建模生成兼具空间外观与时间连续性的轨迹特征,并与局部运动特征融合,以增强模型在运动和形变场景下的目标追踪能力和语义连贯性;同时,设计无监督自适应关键轨迹聚焦学习方法,利用密集点轨迹动态信息,通过注意力权重自适应筛选关键轨迹并引入聚焦损失,引导模型优先关注关键语义区域、抑制背景干扰,从而提升跨模态语义关联能力。结果 在MSRVTT(Microsoft research video to text)和MSVD(Microsoft research video description corpus)两个公开数据集上进行实验,所提方法在CIDEr(consensus-based image description evaluation)指标上分别取得61.2和130.1的得分,显著优于现有主流方法,验证了所提方法在描述准确性与语义丰富性方面的有效性。定性分析表明,该方法在提升描述的时序连贯性和语义表达能力方面表现优异。结论 本文方法有效提升了视频描述模型在复杂动态环境下的目标语义连续性建模能力,并通过无监督的自适应关键轨迹聚焦学习方法改善了注意力机制对视频与文本语义关联的能力。
