Some Angelica species are used for medicinal purposes. In particular, the roots of Angelica acutiloba var. acutiloba and A. acutiloba var. sugiyamae, known as “Toki” and “Hokkai Toki”, respectively, are used as im...Some Angelica species are used for medicinal purposes. In particular, the roots of Angelica acutiloba var. acutiloba and A. acutiloba var. sugiyamae, known as “Toki” and “Hokkai Toki”, respectively, are used as important medicinal materials in traditional Japanese medicine. However, since these varieties have recently outcrossed with each other, it is difficult to determine whether the Japanese Angelica Root material used as a crude drug is the “pure” variety. In this study, we developed an efficient method to authenticate A. acutiloba var. acutiloba and A. acutiloba var. sugiyamae from each other and from other Angelica species/varieties. The random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) method efficiently discriminated each Angelica variety. A. acutiloba var. sugiyamae was identified via a characteristic fragment amplified by the decamer primer OPD-15. This fragment showed polymorphisms among Angelica species/varieties. The unique fragment derived from A. acutiloba var. sugiyamae was also found in one strain of A. acutiloba var. acutiloba, implying that this strain arose from outcrossing between A. acutiloba var. acutiloba and A. acutiloba var. sugiyamae. This RAPD marker technique will be useful for practical and accurate authentication among A. acutiloba var. acutiloba, A. acutiloba var. sugiyamae, and their adulterants.展开更多
Japanese Angelica Root prepared from Angelica acutiloba var. acutiloba and A. acutiloba var. sugiyamae, known in Japan as “Toki” and “Hokkai Toki”, is an important crude drug used in Kampo medicine (traditional Ja...Japanese Angelica Root prepared from Angelica acutiloba var. acutiloba and A. acutiloba var. sugiyamae, known in Japan as “Toki” and “Hokkai Toki”, is an important crude drug used in Kampo medicine (traditional Japanese medicine). However, since these Angelica varieties have recently outcrossed with each other, it is unclear whether Japanese Angelica Root sold for use in Kampo medicine is a pure variety. Here, we describe DNA sequence polymorphisms that can be used to distinguish between A. acutiloba var. acutiloba and A. acutiloba var. sugiyamae. In our analyses, differences in the trnK region of chloroplast DNA distinguished among some A. acutiloba varieties and related species, but not between A. acutiloba var. acutiloba and A. acutiloba var. iwatensis. One geographical strain of A. acutiloba var. acutiloba and A. acutiloba var. sugiyamae showed identical sequences in three regions of chloroplast DNA, but differences in the internal transcribed spacer region of nuclear ribosomal DNA. One strain of A. acutiloba var. iwatensis and A. acutiloba var. sugiyamae had identical sequences in all of the chloroplast and nuclear ribosomal DNA regions examined. These findings show that A. acutiloba var. acutiloba has hybridized with A. acutiloba var. sugiyamae and that the “Hokkai Toki” variety resulted from outcrossing with A. acutiloba var. iwatensis. Molecular authentication based on analyses of chloroplast and nuclear ribosomal DNA sequences of A. acutiloba and related species is an efficient method to authenticate Japanese Angelica Root at the variety level. Therefore, these analyses can determine whether a product is derived from A. acutiloba var. acutiloba or A. acutiloba var. sugiyamae.展开更多
Daphne acutiloba Rehd., belonging to Daphne genus of Thymelaeaceae is an evergreen shrub mainly distributed in the west of China. The roots, stem barks, leaves and fruits of this plant had been used as folk medicines ...Daphne acutiloba Rehd., belonging to Daphne genus of Thymelaeaceae is an evergreen shrub mainly distributed in the west of China. The roots, stem barks, leaves and fruits of this plant had been used as folk medicines for the treatment of rheumatoid arthriths, apoplesia and stomachache ache. Daphne diterpenes and tieranes diterpenes, guaiacane type sesquiterpene, lignans, diflavane and flavonoids, sterides, aliphatics and phenols were isolated from Daphne acutiloba Rehd. Researches demonstrated that the main chemical constituents of D. acutiloba Rehd. have multiple activities and good development prospect. This paper is presented as a review centering on the main chemical constituents and pharmacological effects of D. acutiloba Rehd. for the further research and development of this plant.展开更多
Traditional Vietnamese Medicine has its own development based on the local endemic herbs,but it also inherits from Traditional Chinese Medicine using Chinese herbal medicines.Throughout the history of cultural exchang...Traditional Vietnamese Medicine has its own development based on the local endemic herbs,but it also inherits from Traditional Chinese Medicine using Chinese herbal medicines.Throughout the history of cultural exchange between two countries,the adoption of Chinese Danggui,Angelica sinensis(Oliv.)Diels.,has been made by Vietnamese traditional medicine practitioners for a long time.However,the acclimatization has never been successful.Japanese Danggui,or Angelica acutiloba Kitagawa,is recently being acclimatized and cultivated in several Vietnamese regions.Despite the huge climate change between the two countries,the herb adapted exquisitely well to the humid tropical climate.However,so far,there are no studies that have evaluated the effect of acclimatization on the overall quality of this medicinal herb.The aim of our study is screening secondary metabolites of this acclimatized herb for new natural compound(s),if any.The analysis of flavonoid fraction from this herb led to the identification of two known compounds which previously have not been isolated from this species elsewhere.This detection showed that the herb has reacted to the new environment.展开更多
Background:Traditional use of Tulbaghia acutiloba(TA)in South Africa includes treating various illnesses,such as infectious diseases and hypertension.However,the effect of this indigenous plant on renal and haematolog...Background:Traditional use of Tulbaghia acutiloba(TA)in South Africa includes treating various illnesses,such as infectious diseases and hypertension.However,the effect of this indigenous plant on renal and haematological parameters(as indicators of antihypertensive efficacy)has not been investigated yet.Objective:This study aimed to evaluate the change of renal and haematological parameters after treatment with the hydro-methanolic extract of the leaf of Tulbaghia acutiloba Harv.in L-NAME-induced hypertensive rats.Methods:Male albino Wistar rats received an oral dose of 50 mg·kg^(-1)body weight(bw)of N𝜔-Nitro-L-arginine methyl ester hydrochloride(L-NAME)daily for 5 weeks.Five groups(7 animals in each group)were identified to receive different treatments as concurrent daily doses of(40,60 and 80 mg·kg^(-1)bw),ramipril(10 mg·kg^(-1)bw)(positive control)and water(hypertension model).Mean arterial blood pressure was measured weekly using the tail-cuffmethod.A 24-hour urine sample was collected for each rat weekly.On day 36,the rats were euthanized,and blood samples were collected for the determination of renal function and haematological analysis.Kidney mRNA gene expression was performed for NF-kB,Ho1 and eNos.Results:The treatment of the hypertensive rats with TA resulted in a significant reduction in the mean arterial blood pressure,with a pronounced effect observed in the 80 mg·kg^(-1)dose of TA compared to the positive control.The TA-treated group showed increased creatinine clearance(Ccr),urine volume and a reduction in serum crea-tinine,proteinuria and urine protein-creatinine ratio(UPr/UCr).TA treatment also decreased lipid peroxidation in renal tissues and erythrocytes while increasing SOD,CAT,GSH and NO levels.Moreover,red cell distribu-tion width(RDW),white blood cells(WBC),neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio(NLR),lymphocyte to monocyte ratio(LMR),platelet and mean platelet volume(MPV)were significantly reduced in the TA and ramipril treated groups with the maximum effect occurring at the dose of 80 mg·kg-1 of TA.No significant difference was observed in the haemoglobin levels in all experimental groups.TA administration resulted in a significant decrease in renal NF-kB gene expression while increasing Ho1 and eNos gene expression in renal tissues.Conclusion:TA extract improved renal function and haematological profile(markers for the antihypertensive efficacy)in L-NAME-induced hypertensive rats.展开更多
AIM： To evaluate the anti-HIV activity and mechanism of action of wikstroelide M, a daphnane diterpene from Daphne acutiloba Rehder （Thymelaeaceae）. METHOD： The anti-HIV activities of wikstroelide M against differ...AIM： To evaluate the anti-HIV activity and mechanism of action of wikstroelide M, a daphnane diterpene from Daphne acutiloba Rehder （Thymelaeaceae）. METHOD： The anti-HIV activities of wikstroelide M against different HIV strains were evaluated by cytopathic effect assay and p24 quantification assay with ELISA. The inhibitory effect of wikstroelide M on HIV reverse transcription was analyzed by real-time PCR and ELISA. The effect of wikstroelide M on HIV-1 integrase nuclear translocation was observed with a cell-based imaging assay. The effect of wikstroelide M on LEDGF/p75-IN interaction was assayed by molecular docking. RESULTS： Wikstroelide M potently inhibited different HIV-1 strains, including HIV-lmn, HIV-1AI7, and HIV-19495, induced a cytopathic effect, with ECs0 values ranging from 3.81 to 15.65 ng.mL-I. Wikstroelide M also had high inhibitory activities against HIV-2noD and HIV-2cBL_20-induced cytopathic effects with ECs0 values of 18.88 and 31.90 ng.mL 1. The inhibitory activities of wikstroelide M on the three HIV-1 strains were further confirmed by p24 quantification assay, with ECs0 values ranging from 15.16 to 35.57 ng.mL-1. Wikstroelide M also potently inhibited HIV-lnm induced cytolysis in MT-4 cells, with an ECs0 value of 9.60 ng.mL ~. The mechanistic assay showed that wikstroelide M targeted HIV-I reverse transcriptase and nuclear translocation of integrase through disrupting the interaction between integrase and LEDGF/p75. CONCLUSION： Wikslroelide M may be a potent HIV-1 and HIV-2 inhibitor, the mechanisms of action may include inhibition of reverse trascriptase activity and inhibition of integrase nuclear Iranslocation through dismpting the interaction between integrase and LEDGF/p75.展开更多
文摘Some Angelica species are used for medicinal purposes. In particular, the roots of Angelica acutiloba var. acutiloba and A. acutiloba var. sugiyamae, known as “Toki” and “Hokkai Toki”, respectively, are used as important medicinal materials in traditional Japanese medicine. However, since these varieties have recently outcrossed with each other, it is difficult to determine whether the Japanese Angelica Root material used as a crude drug is the “pure” variety. In this study, we developed an efficient method to authenticate A. acutiloba var. acutiloba and A. acutiloba var. sugiyamae from each other and from other Angelica species/varieties. The random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) method efficiently discriminated each Angelica variety. A. acutiloba var. sugiyamae was identified via a characteristic fragment amplified by the decamer primer OPD-15. This fragment showed polymorphisms among Angelica species/varieties. The unique fragment derived from A. acutiloba var. sugiyamae was also found in one strain of A. acutiloba var. acutiloba, implying that this strain arose from outcrossing between A. acutiloba var. acutiloba and A. acutiloba var. sugiyamae. This RAPD marker technique will be useful for practical and accurate authentication among A. acutiloba var. acutiloba, A. acutiloba var. sugiyamae, and their adulterants.
文摘Japanese Angelica Root prepared from Angelica acutiloba var. acutiloba and A. acutiloba var. sugiyamae, known in Japan as “Toki” and “Hokkai Toki”, is an important crude drug used in Kampo medicine (traditional Japanese medicine). However, since these Angelica varieties have recently outcrossed with each other, it is unclear whether Japanese Angelica Root sold for use in Kampo medicine is a pure variety. Here, we describe DNA sequence polymorphisms that can be used to distinguish between A. acutiloba var. acutiloba and A. acutiloba var. sugiyamae. In our analyses, differences in the trnK region of chloroplast DNA distinguished among some A. acutiloba varieties and related species, but not between A. acutiloba var. acutiloba and A. acutiloba var. iwatensis. One geographical strain of A. acutiloba var. acutiloba and A. acutiloba var. sugiyamae showed identical sequences in three regions of chloroplast DNA, but differences in the internal transcribed spacer region of nuclear ribosomal DNA. One strain of A. acutiloba var. iwatensis and A. acutiloba var. sugiyamae had identical sequences in all of the chloroplast and nuclear ribosomal DNA regions examined. These findings show that A. acutiloba var. acutiloba has hybridized with A. acutiloba var. sugiyamae and that the “Hokkai Toki” variety resulted from outcrossing with A. acutiloba var. iwatensis. Molecular authentication based on analyses of chloroplast and nuclear ribosomal DNA sequences of A. acutiloba and related species is an efficient method to authenticate Japanese Angelica Root at the variety level. Therefore, these analyses can determine whether a product is derived from A. acutiloba var. acutiloba or A. acutiloba var. sugiyamae.
文摘Daphne acutiloba Rehd., belonging to Daphne genus of Thymelaeaceae is an evergreen shrub mainly distributed in the west of China. The roots, stem barks, leaves and fruits of this plant had been used as folk medicines for the treatment of rheumatoid arthriths, apoplesia and stomachache ache. Daphne diterpenes and tieranes diterpenes, guaiacane type sesquiterpene, lignans, diflavane and flavonoids, sterides, aliphatics and phenols were isolated from Daphne acutiloba Rehd. Researches demonstrated that the main chemical constituents of D. acutiloba Rehd. have multiple activities and good development prospect. This paper is presented as a review centering on the main chemical constituents and pharmacological effects of D. acutiloba Rehd. for the further research and development of this plant.
文摘Traditional Vietnamese Medicine has its own development based on the local endemic herbs,but it also inherits from Traditional Chinese Medicine using Chinese herbal medicines.Throughout the history of cultural exchange between two countries,the adoption of Chinese Danggui,Angelica sinensis(Oliv.)Diels.,has been made by Vietnamese traditional medicine practitioners for a long time.However,the acclimatization has never been successful.Japanese Danggui,or Angelica acutiloba Kitagawa,is recently being acclimatized and cultivated in several Vietnamese regions.Despite the huge climate change between the two countries,the herb adapted exquisitely well to the humid tropical climate.However,so far,there are no studies that have evaluated the effect of acclimatization on the overall quality of this medicinal herb.The aim of our study is screening secondary metabolites of this acclimatized herb for new natural compound(s),if any.The analysis of flavonoid fraction from this herb led to the identification of two known compounds which previously have not been isolated from this species elsewhere.This detection showed that the herb has reacted to the new environment.
基金The authors acknowledge the College of Health Sciences,the Univer-sity of KwaZulu-Natal(UKZN),National Research Foundation of South Africa.
文摘Background:Traditional use of Tulbaghia acutiloba(TA)in South Africa includes treating various illnesses,such as infectious diseases and hypertension.However,the effect of this indigenous plant on renal and haematological parameters(as indicators of antihypertensive efficacy)has not been investigated yet.Objective:This study aimed to evaluate the change of renal and haematological parameters after treatment with the hydro-methanolic extract of the leaf of Tulbaghia acutiloba Harv.in L-NAME-induced hypertensive rats.Methods:Male albino Wistar rats received an oral dose of 50 mg·kg^(-1)body weight(bw)of N𝜔-Nitro-L-arginine methyl ester hydrochloride(L-NAME)daily for 5 weeks.Five groups(7 animals in each group)were identified to receive different treatments as concurrent daily doses of(40,60 and 80 mg·kg^(-1)bw),ramipril(10 mg·kg^(-1)bw)(positive control)and water(hypertension model).Mean arterial blood pressure was measured weekly using the tail-cuffmethod.A 24-hour urine sample was collected for each rat weekly.On day 36,the rats were euthanized,and blood samples were collected for the determination of renal function and haematological analysis.Kidney mRNA gene expression was performed for NF-kB,Ho1 and eNos.Results:The treatment of the hypertensive rats with TA resulted in a significant reduction in the mean arterial blood pressure,with a pronounced effect observed in the 80 mg·kg^(-1)dose of TA compared to the positive control.The TA-treated group showed increased creatinine clearance(Ccr),urine volume and a reduction in serum crea-tinine,proteinuria and urine protein-creatinine ratio(UPr/UCr).TA treatment also decreased lipid peroxidation in renal tissues and erythrocytes while increasing SOD,CAT,GSH and NO levels.Moreover,red cell distribu-tion width(RDW),white blood cells(WBC),neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio(NLR),lymphocyte to monocyte ratio(LMR),platelet and mean platelet volume(MPV)were significantly reduced in the TA and ramipril treated groups with the maximum effect occurring at the dose of 80 mg·kg-1 of TA.No significant difference was observed in the haemoglobin levels in all experimental groups.TA administration resulted in a significant decrease in renal NF-kB gene expression while increasing Ho1 and eNos gene expression in renal tissues.Conclusion:TA extract improved renal function and haematological profile(markers for the antihypertensive efficacy)in L-NAME-induced hypertensive rats.
基金supported,in part,by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.81102483,81001462)the 973 Program(No.2009CB522306)the Key Scientific and Technological Program of China(Nos.2009-ZX09501-029,2012ZX10001-006,2012ZX10001-007,2012ZX-09103-101-022),and Yunnan(No.2010GA001)
文摘AIM： To evaluate the anti-HIV activity and mechanism of action of wikstroelide M, a daphnane diterpene from Daphne acutiloba Rehder （Thymelaeaceae）. METHOD： The anti-HIV activities of wikstroelide M against different HIV strains were evaluated by cytopathic effect assay and p24 quantification assay with ELISA. The inhibitory effect of wikstroelide M on HIV reverse transcription was analyzed by real-time PCR and ELISA. The effect of wikstroelide M on HIV-1 integrase nuclear translocation was observed with a cell-based imaging assay. The effect of wikstroelide M on LEDGF/p75-IN interaction was assayed by molecular docking. RESULTS： Wikstroelide M potently inhibited different HIV-1 strains, including HIV-lmn, HIV-1AI7, and HIV-19495, induced a cytopathic effect, with ECs0 values ranging from 3.81 to 15.65 ng.mL-I. Wikstroelide M also had high inhibitory activities against HIV-2noD and HIV-2cBL_20-induced cytopathic effects with ECs0 values of 18.88 and 31.90 ng.mL 1. The inhibitory activities of wikstroelide M on the three HIV-1 strains were further confirmed by p24 quantification assay, with ECs0 values ranging from 15.16 to 35.57 ng.mL-1. Wikstroelide M also potently inhibited HIV-lnm induced cytolysis in MT-4 cells, with an ECs0 value of 9.60 ng.mL ~. The mechanistic assay showed that wikstroelide M targeted HIV-I reverse transcriptase and nuclear translocation of integrase through disrupting the interaction between integrase and LEDGF/p75. CONCLUSION： Wikslroelide M may be a potent HIV-1 and HIV-2 inhibitor, the mechanisms of action may include inhibition of reverse trascriptase activity and inhibition of integrase nuclear Iranslocation through dismpting the interaction between integrase and LEDGF/p75.
