Following severe traumatic brain injury .（sTBI）, patients may remain in a coma, vegetative state （VS）, or minimally conscious state （MCS）, all of which are also clinically termed disorders of consciousness. Pati...Following severe traumatic brain injury .（sTBI）, patients may remain in a coma, vegetative state （VS）, or minimally conscious state （MCS）, all of which are also clinically termed disorders of consciousness. Patients in a coma show complete disability in the arousal system and fail to achieve awareness spontaneously; yet true coma represents a transient state and rarely lasts longer than a month [1]. The VS （also known as unresponsive wakefulness syndrome）, characterized as a state with spontaneous or stimulus-induced eye-opening but the patient appears totally unaware of self and environment, may persist for months or years [2]. In contrast, the MCS is evidenced by preserved and reproducible signs of awareness as well as sleep-wake cycles, suggesting better recovery than coma and VS. Considering that no signs of consciousness are detectable, patients in a VS suffer from a high rate of misdiagnosis [3].展开更多
Protein S-sulfenylation(protein sulfenic acid),as one of the most significant oxidative post-translational modifications(OxiPTMs),plays a vital role in regulating protein function.A variety of activity-based probes ha...Protein S-sulfenylation(protein sulfenic acid),as one of the most significant oxidative post-translational modifications(OxiPTMs),plays a vital role in regulating protein function.A variety of activity-based probes have been developed to profile sulfenic acid in living cells.However,due to the transient presence and low content of sulfenic acid in living cell,high doses of probes are needed to achieve efficient labeling.More importantly,current probes have no temporal control over sulfenic acid labeling.To overcome these limitations,two caged cysteine sulfenic acid probes DYn-2-ONB and DYn-2-Cou with either an o-nitrobenzyl or coumarin protecting group were developed in this study.Both probes can be efficiently uncaged via irradiation to produce the active C-nucleophile probe DYn-2.Labeling assay in living cells demonstrated DYn-2-ONB exhibited better labeling capacity compared with DYn-2,providing it as a powerful tool for improved monitoring of protein S-sulfenylation in living cells.展开更多
Profiling the protein composition of bacteria is essential for understanding their biology,physiology and interaction with environment.Mass spectrometry has become a pivotal tool for protein analysis,facilitating the ...Profiling the protein composition of bacteria is essential for understanding their biology,physiology and interaction with environment.Mass spectrometry has become a pivotal tool for protein analysis,facilitating the examination of expression levels,molecular masses and structural modifications.In this study,we compared the performance of three widely-used mass spectrometry methods,i.e.,matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization(MALDI)protein fingerprinting,top-down proteomics and bottom-up proteomics,in the profiling of bacterial protein composition.It was revealed that bottom-up proteomics provided the highest protein coverage and exhibited the greatest protein profile overlap between bacterial species.In contrast,MALDI protein fingerprinting demonstrated superior detection reproducibility and effectiveness in distinguishing between bacterial species.Although top-down proteomics identified fewer proteins than bottom-up approach,it complemented MALDI fingerprinting in the discovery of bacterial protein markers,both favoring abundant,stable,and hydrophilic bacterial ribosomal proteins.This study represents the most systematic and comprehensive comparison of mass spectrometry-based protein profiling methodologies to date.It provides valuable guidelines for the selection of appropriate profiling strategies for specific analytical purposes.This will facilitate studies across various fields,including infection diagnosis,antimicrobial resistance detection and pharmaceutical target discovery.展开更多
The westem flower thrips, Frankliniella occidental＆ （Pergande） is a highly invasive pest that is able to exploit many crops across a wide range of environmental conditions. Five full-length cDNAs of heat shock prot...The westem flower thrips, Frankliniella occidental＆ （Pergande） is a highly invasive pest that is able to exploit many crops across a wide range of environmental conditions. Five full-length cDNAs of heat shock protein （HSP） genes （Fo-HSP90, Fo-HSP70, Fo-HSP60, Fo-HSP40 and Fo-HSP28.9） were cloned from F. occidentalis, and their expression profiles were investigated under conditions of thermal stress and insecticide exposure, and at different stages during development, using real-time quantitative PCR. All five gene sequences showed high similarity to homologs in other species, indicating the conserved fimction of this gene family. HSP60 represents an informative phylogenetic marker at the ordinal taxonomic level within Insecta, but HSP90, which has two homologous copies in Hymenoptera, was not informative. The expression of Fo-HSPs under thermal stress suggests that Fo-HSP90, Fo-HSP70, and Fo-HSP28.9 are inducible by both cold and heat stress, Fo-HSP40 is only heat-inducible, and Fo-HSP60 is thermally insensitive. There were two patterns of cold induction of Fo-HSPs： one is from 0 to 4℃ and the other is around -8℃. All five Fo-HSPs genes were induced by exposure to sublethal concentrations of the insecticide avermectin. The expression of the five Fo-HSPs during different developmental stages suggests that they all play a role in development of F. occidentalis.展开更多
Hempseed meal from three dioecious and three monoecious varieties has been evaluated for content and quality of the protein and for the concentration of antinutritional compounds. Hemp seeds were obtained from plants ...Hempseed meal from three dioecious and three monoecious varieties has been evaluated for content and quality of the protein and for the concentration of antinutritional compounds. Hemp seeds were obtained from plants grown in two experimental fields for two consecutive years (2011-2012). For all the varieties, hempseed meal resulted in a rich source of protein (34% mean content) with an amino acid profile extremely rich in arginine and slightly poor in lysine. Differences between dioecious and monoecious varieties were observed in the content of antinutritional compounds. They were more concentrated in monoecious varieties in comparison with those dioecious. The concentration of phytic acid in hempseed meal deserves attention in both groups, being 63 and 75.4 g·kg-1 of dry matter in dioecious and monocieous varieties, respectively. The results show that, besides the recognized value of hemp oil, also the hempseed cake could find application in animal feed as a substitute of other cakes (soybean, rapeseed). From this point of view, the dioecious varieties showing lower contents of antinutritional compounds with respect to the monoecious varieties would be preferred.展开更多
AIM: To develop a prognostic gene set that can predict patient overall survival status based on the whole genome expression analysis. METHODS: Using Illumina HumanWG-6 BeadChip followed by semi-supervised analysis, we...AIM: To develop a prognostic gene set that can predict patient overall survival status based on the whole genome expression analysis. METHODS: Using Illumina HumanWG-6 BeadChip followed by semi-supervised analysis, we analyzed the expression of 47 296 transcripts in two batches of gastric cancer patients who underwent surgical resection. Thirty-nine samples in the first batch were used as the training set to discover candidate markers correlated to overall survival, and thirty-three samples in the second batch were used for validation. RESULTS: A panel of ten genes were identified as prognostic marker in the first batch samples and classified patients into a lowand a high-risk group with significantly different survival times (P = 0.000047). This prognostic marker was then verified in an independent validation sample batch (P = 0.0009). By comparing with the traditional Tumor-node-metastasis (TNM) staging system, this ten-gene prognostic marker showed consistent prognosis results. It was the only independent prognostic value by multivariate Cox regression analysis (P = 0.007). Interestingly, six of these ten genes are ribosomal proteins, suggesting a possible association between the deregulation of ribosome related gene expression and the poor prognosis. CONCLUSION: A ten-gene marker correlated with overall prognosis, including 6 ribosomal proteins, was identified and verified, which may complement the predictive value of TNM staging system.展开更多
Australian Sweet Lupin (ASL) has a nutritional profile ideally suited for human consumption with high protein and fibre, but low starch and fat content. The nutritional and protein profile of germinated ASL may be bet...Australian Sweet Lupin (ASL) has a nutritional profile ideally suited for human consumption with high protein and fibre, but low starch and fat content. The nutritional and protein profile of germinated ASL may be better than ungerminated ASL and these improvements would provide further benefits in its use as an ingredient in food applications. In this study the nutritional components such as protein, crude fibre, fat and protein profile of germinated ASL flour following germination at 25℃ and 90% - 95% relative humidity for 9 days were determined. The changes in the pattern of ASL protein during germination were analysed using sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). Germination significantly increased crude fibre contents by 450% (db), total protein contents by 38% (db) and decreased the fat content by 70% (db) at day 9 of germination. Electrophoretic analysis of the protein fractions revealed that during germination up to 9 days, some of the high molecular weight proteins disappeared. Germination represents a means to further improve the nutritional profile of the germinated ASL flour with an increased fibre and protein, but lower fat content.展开更多
Stress-associated proteins(SAPs)are known as response factors to multiple abiotic and biotic stresses in plants.However,the potential physiological and molecular functions of SAPs remain largely unclear.Castor bean(Ri...Stress-associated proteins(SAPs)are known as response factors to multiple abiotic and biotic stresses in plants.However,the potential physiological and molecular functions of SAPs remain largely unclear.Castor bean(Ricinus communis L.)is one of the most economically valuable non-edible woody oilseed crops,able to be widely cultivated in marginal lands worldwide because of its broad adaptive capacity to soil and climate conditions.Whether SAPs in castor bean plays a key role in adapting diverse soil conditions and stresses remains unknown.In this study,we used the castor bean genome to identify and characterize nine castor bean SAP genes(RcSAP).Structural analysis showed that castor bean SAP gene structures and functional domain types vary greatly,differing in intron number,protein sequence,and functional domain type.Notably,the AN1-C2H2eC2H2 zinc finger domain within RcSAP9 has not been often observed in other plant families.High throughput RNA-seq data showed that castor bean SAP gene profiles varied among different tissues.In addition,castor bean SAP gene expression varied in response to different stresses,including salt,drought,heat,cold and ABA and MeJA,suggesting that the transcriptional regulation of castor bean SAP genes might operate independently of each other,and at least partially independent from ABA and MeJA signal pathways.Cis-element analyses for each castor bean SAP gene showed that no common cis-elements are shared across the nine castor bean SAP genes.Castor bean SAPs were localized to different regions of cells,including the cytoplasm,nucleus,and cytomembrane.This study provides a comprehensive profile of castor bean SAP genes that advances our understanding of their potential physiological and molecular functions in regulating growth and development and their responses to different abiotic stresses.展开更多
Embryonic stem cells (ESCs) are derived from the inner cell mass (ICM) of preimplantation embryos. ESCs exhibit true pluripotency, i.e., the ability to differentiate into cells of all three germ layers in the developi...Embryonic stem cells (ESCs) are derived from the inner cell mass (ICM) of preimplantation embryos. ESCs exhibit true pluripotency, i.e., the ability to differentiate into cells of all three germ layers in the developing embryo. We used 2-DE MALDI-TOF/TOF to identify differentially expressed proteins among three types of mouse embryonic stem cells (ESCs) derived from ferti-lized, parthenogenetic, and androgenetic (fESC, pESC and aESC, respectively) blastocysts. We detected more than 800 proteins on silver- stained gels of whole protein extracts from each type of ESC. Of these, 52 differentially expressed proteins were identified by the MALDI–TOF/TOF analyzer, including 32 (fESCs vs. pESCs), 28 (fESCs vs. aESCs) and 17 (pESCs vs. aESCs) prominent proteins with significantly higher or lower expression relative to the comparison cells. Among the 32 proteins from fESCs, 12 were significantly increased in expression and 20 were reduced in expression in fESCs com-pared with pESCs. Similarly, 10 of 28 and 8 of 17 proteins were more highly expressed in fESCs and pESCs compared with aESCs, respectively. In contrast, 18 of 28 and 9 of 17 proteins were reduced in expression in fESCs and pESCs compared with aESCs, respectively. Of the eight protein candidates in fESCs, four were in-creased and four were decreased in expression relative to both pESCs and aESCs in the 2-DE analysis. Differential expression of these pro-teins were confirmed by mRNA expression analysis using real time RT-PCR. For three pro-teins, ANXA5, CLIC1 and SRM, Western blot analysis corroborated the expression patterns indicated by the 2-DE results. ANXA5 and CLIC1 were increased in expression and SRM was de-creased in expression in fESCs compared with both pESCs and aESCs. The differentially ex-pressed proteins identified in the present study warrant further investigation towards the goal of their potential application in ESC therapy.展开更多
Activity-based Ubiquitin probes(Ub-ABPs)carrying a reporter group have emerged as effective tools for the investigation of deubiquitinating enzymes(DUBs),such as studying the molecular mechanism of DUBs,profiling new ...Activity-based Ubiquitin probes(Ub-ABPs)carrying a reporter group have emerged as effective tools for the investigation of deubiquitinating enzymes(DUBs),such as studying the molecular mechanism of DUBs,profiling new DUBs.But so far,the synthesis of commonly used biotin-bearing Ub-ABPs is a technical challenge.Here,we report a one-pot semi-synthetic strategy for the acquiring of Ub-ABPs carrying a biotin tag through sequential enzymatic ligation,N-S acyl transfer and aminolysis reaction without any purification steps.These probes enable to capture the different family of DUBs for enrichment and immunoblotting using the attached biotin tag.展开更多
Objective To find the different electrophoretic profiles of prion protein in carcinous and individual pericarcinous tissues in lysates of gastric,colon,liver,lung,thyroid,and laryngeal cancers.Methods Sodium dodecyl s...Objective To find the different electrophoretic profiles of prion protein in carcinous and individual pericarcinous tissues in lysates of gastric,colon,liver,lung,thyroid,and laryngeal cancers.Methods Sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis(SDS-PAGE)and Western blot were used to test the amounts and electrophoretic patterns of total Pr P and the tolerance of PK(protease K)digestion among six various cancer tissue types.Results A mass of Pr P signals with a large molecular weight were identified in the homogenates of peripheral tissues.The amounts and electrophoretic patterns of total Pr P did not differ significantly between carcinous and pericarcinous tissues.Pr Ps in all types of the tested cancer samples were PK sensitive but showed diversity in the tolerance of PK digestion among various tissue types.Conclusions The study revealed that the included electrophoretic patterns of carcinous and pericarcinous tissues were almost similar.Unlike Pr P-specific immunohistochemical assay,evaluation of Pr P electrophoretic patterns in the peripheral organs and tissues by Western blot does not reflect tumor malignancy.展开更多
Objectives: To determine the anthropometric indices, lipopolysaccharide-binding proteins (LBP), and lipid profile in patients with metabolic endotoxemia. Methods: The study comprised of 47 patients with metabolic endo...Objectives: To determine the anthropometric indices, lipopolysaccharide-binding proteins (LBP), and lipid profile in patients with metabolic endotoxemia. Methods: The study comprised of 47 patients with metabolic endotoxemia (the metabolic endotoxemia group) and 43 controls (the control group). Patients in the metabolic endotoxemia group were categorized further into three subgroups including the normal weight group (n=8), the overweight group (n=12) and the obese group (n=27). Height, weight, waist, and hip circumference were measured, and waist-hip ratio (WHR) and body mass index (BMI) were calculated. LBP was determined by ELISA and total cholesterol, triglycerides, high density lipoprotein by the respective enzymatic colorimetric methods. In addition, low density lipoprotein and very low density lipoprotein were determined by Friedewald's formula. Results: The mean waist circumference (WC), hip circumference (HC), BMI, total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein, and LBP of the metabolic endotoxemia group were significantly higher (P<0.05) than those of the control group. WHR, TG, high density lipoprotein and very low density lipoprotein of the metabolic endotoxemia group were not significantly different (P>0.05) from those of the control group. The mean WC, HC, WHR, and BMI of the obese group with metabolic endotoxemia were significantly higher (P<0.05) than those of the overweight group and the normal weight group with metabolic endotoxemia. Significant positive correlations were obtained between BMI and LBP (r=0.610, P=0.001), total cholesterol and LBP (r=0.385, P=0.007), TG and LBP (r=0.356, P=0.014) in patients with metabolic endotoxemia. Conclusions: Metabolic endotoxemia arising from increased circulating level of bacterial derive particles consequent to perturbation in the gut microbial community and the elevated ;serum level of LBP may precede the development of obesity, characterized by dyslipidemia, dysregulation of gut energy harvest, and metabolic energy imbalance.展开更多
Finger millet(Eleusine coracana(L.)Gaertn.)is a drought resistant crop with potentially tremendous but under-explored source of nutraceutical properties as compared to other regularly consumed cereals in the era of dr...Finger millet(Eleusine coracana(L.)Gaertn.)is a drought resistant crop with potentially tremendous but under-explored source of nutraceutical properties as compared to other regularly consumed cereals in the era of drawback of nutritional security,these characteristics must be harnessed to develop finger millet as a novel functional food.Under-nutrition caused by inadequate diets,and other factors that influence nutritional status,is the underlying factor in 45%child deaths.In Kenya only 25%of young children are fed adequately diverse diets.The main objective of this study was to prepare baby food formulas using finger millets with pigeon peas as protein source and to analyze their nutritional profiles.Two finger millets varieties(i)Snapping Green Early,low altitude and medium altitude varieties and(ii)U-15)were studied to determine effects of environment on nutrient profiles.This study showed that Snapping Green Early had better nutrient profiles(12.13%protein and is high in Ca,Mg,Fe,Zn and P)than U-15(11.69%protein and lower nutrients(Ca,Mg,Fe,Zn and P)),and hence was selected for use in the malting process as best variety.As expected,the pigeon peas had the highest protein value(21%).The samples malted for 72 h resulted in reduction of tannin concentration from 0.091%to 0.03%and the amount of nutrients(Ca,Mg,Fe and Zn)doubled and in fact the protein profile increased by 8.31%.The appropriate ratio for the formulation of the baby food was 70:30.The composting resulted in 18.5%increase in protein.展开更多
Active endogenous metabolites regulate the viability of cells. This process is controlled by a series ofinteractions between small metabolites and large proteins. Previously, several studies had reported thatmetabolit...Active endogenous metabolites regulate the viability of cells. This process is controlled by a series ofinteractions between small metabolites and large proteins. Previously, several studies had reported thatmetabolite regulates the protein functions, such as diacylglycerol to protein kinase C, lactose regulationof the lac repressor, and HIF-1α stabilization by 2-hydroxyglutarate. However, decades old traditionalbiochemical methods are insufficient to systematically investigate the bio-molecular reactions for a high-throughput discovery. Here, we have reviewed an update on the recently developed chemical proteomicscalled activity-based protein profiling （ABPP）. ABPP is able to identify proteins interacted eithercovalently or non-covalently with metabolites significantly. Thus, ABPP will facilitate the characteriza-tion of specific metabolite regulating; proteins in human disease progression.展开更多
This study examined the effects of varying concentrations of Tenebrio molitor larval protein(TMLP)on the quality characteristics of frankfurters,which were formulated with a 50%lower phosphate content.The addition of ...This study examined the effects of varying concentrations of Tenebrio molitor larval protein(TMLP)on the quality characteristics of frankfurters,which were formulated with a 50%lower phosphate content.The addition of TMLP significantly reduced the cooking loss of frankfurters with 50%reduced phosphate content(P<0.05)and enhanced their elastic properties,as confirmed by dynamic rheological analysis.Moreover,both macroscopic and microscopic images revealed that a 2%(m/m)TMLP resulted in a more pronounced pink colour and a denser protein network,with no significant differences noted in flavour or sensory attributes compared to the control group(P>0.05).Furthermore,in vitro digestibility studies demonstrated that the addition of TMLP markedly improved the protein digestibility of frankfurters with 50% reduced phosphate content.Therefore,our results suggest that the addition of TMLP is a practical and effective way of producing high-quality,easily digestible frankfurters with reduced phosphate content.展开更多
Glycosylation is one of the most complex and important post-translational modifications in proteins,playing essential roles in cellular signaling,protein folding,and immune responses[1].Despite its biological sig-nifi...Glycosylation is one of the most complex and important post-translational modifications in proteins,playing essential roles in cellular signaling,protein folding,and immune responses[1].Despite its biological sig-nificance,low abundance and high heterogeneity of glycoproteins pose significant analytical challenges.In a recent study published in National Science Review,a team of scientists led by Prof.Haojie Lu from Fudan University developed a groundbreaking strategy to address these challenges,offering a robust and scalable method for the comprehensive profiling of protein glycosylation[2].展开更多
Pathogenesis-related proteins （PRs） play many important roles in plant defense response against pathogen attack. To better understand the molecular mechanism of PR genes involved in wheat adult plant resistance （AP...Pathogenesis-related proteins （PRs） play many important roles in plant defense response against pathogen attack. To better understand the molecular mechanism of PR genes involved in wheat adult plant resistance （APR） to stripe rust, based on a differentially expressed transcribed derived fragment （TDF）, a novel PR gene from wheat cv. Xingzi 9104 infected by the Puccinia striiformis Westend f. sp. tritici Erikss. pathotype CY32, which was highly similar to the maize ZmPRIO gene and designated as TaPRIO, was identified using in silico cloning and RT-PCR method. This novel TaPRIO gene was predicted to encode a 160-amino acid protein with a deduced molecular weight of 17.06 kDa and an isoelectronic point （pI） of 5.19. An amino acid sequence analysis of TaPR10 demonstrated the presence of a typical conserved domain of pathogenesis related protein Bet v I family. Multiple alignment analysis based on the amino acids encoded by 10 different PRIO genes from maize （Zea mays）, rice （Oryza sativa）, broomcorn （Sorghum bicolor）, and wheat （Triticum aestivum） indicated that PR proteins of class 10 was conserved among the 4 plant species with about 80% similarity. DNA sequence of TaPRIO suggested the presence of one 84-bp intron with the splicing sites of GT-AT bi-nucleotide sequence between 188 and 271 bp. Using a real-time quantitative RT-PCR （qRT-PCR）, expression profiles of TaPRIO revealed that at the adult-plant stage, TaPRIO transcript was up-regulated as early as 12 h post-inoculation （hpi）, with the occurrence of maximum induction at 24 hpi. At the seedling stage, TaPRIO was also slightly induced 18 hpi. However, the transcript amount was relatively lower than that of the adult-plant stage. Taken together, these results suggest that TaPRIO may participate in wheat defense response of APR to stripe rust.展开更多
基金supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(81671143)the Science and Technology Plan of Zhejiang Province(2017C03011),China
文摘Following severe traumatic brain injury .（sTBI）, patients may remain in a coma, vegetative state （VS）, or minimally conscious state （MCS）, all of which are also clinically termed disorders of consciousness. Patients in a coma show complete disability in the arousal system and fail to achieve awareness spontaneously; yet true coma represents a transient state and rarely lasts longer than a month [1]. The VS （also known as unresponsive wakefulness syndrome）, characterized as a state with spontaneous or stimulus-induced eye-opening but the patient appears totally unaware of self and environment, may persist for months or years [2]. In contrast, the MCS is evidenced by preserved and reproducible signs of awareness as well as sleep-wake cycles, suggesting better recovery than coma and VS. Considering that no signs of consciousness are detectable, patients in a VS suffer from a high rate of misdiagnosis [3].
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.31871365 and 22177029)Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities.
文摘Protein S-sulfenylation(protein sulfenic acid),as one of the most significant oxidative post-translational modifications(OxiPTMs),plays a vital role in regulating protein function.A variety of activity-based probes have been developed to profile sulfenic acid in living cells.However,due to the transient presence and low content of sulfenic acid in living cell,high doses of probes are needed to achieve efficient labeling.More importantly,current probes have no temporal control over sulfenic acid labeling.To overcome these limitations,two caged cysteine sulfenic acid probes DYn-2-ONB and DYn-2-Cou with either an o-nitrobenzyl or coumarin protecting group were developed in this study.Both probes can be efficiently uncaged via irradiation to produce the active C-nucleophile probe DYn-2.Labeling assay in living cells demonstrated DYn-2-ONB exhibited better labeling capacity compared with DYn-2,providing it as a powerful tool for improved monitoring of protein S-sulfenylation in living cells.
文摘Profiling the protein composition of bacteria is essential for understanding their biology,physiology and interaction with environment.Mass spectrometry has become a pivotal tool for protein analysis,facilitating the examination of expression levels,molecular masses and structural modifications.In this study,we compared the performance of three widely-used mass spectrometry methods,i.e.,matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization(MALDI)protein fingerprinting,top-down proteomics and bottom-up proteomics,in the profiling of bacterial protein composition.It was revealed that bottom-up proteomics provided the highest protein coverage and exhibited the greatest protein profile overlap between bacterial species.In contrast,MALDI protein fingerprinting demonstrated superior detection reproducibility and effectiveness in distinguishing between bacterial species.Although top-down proteomics identified fewer proteins than bottom-up approach,it complemented MALDI fingerprinting in the discovery of bacterial protein markers,both favoring abundant,stable,and hydrophilic bacterial ribosomal proteins.This study represents the most systematic and comprehensive comparison of mass spectrometry-based protein profiling methodologies to date.It provides valuable guidelines for the selection of appropriate profiling strategies for specific analytical purposes.This will facilitate studies across various fields,including infection diagnosis,antimicrobial resistance detection and pharmaceutical target discovery.
基金partially funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31201526)the National 973 Program of China(2009CB119000)+1 种基金the Earmarked Fund for Modern AgroIndustry Technology Research System(CARS-25-B-07)the Special Fund for Agro-Scientific Research in the Public Interest of China(20090332)
文摘The westem flower thrips, Frankliniella occidental＆ （Pergande） is a highly invasive pest that is able to exploit many crops across a wide range of environmental conditions. Five full-length cDNAs of heat shock protein （HSP） genes （Fo-HSP90, Fo-HSP70, Fo-HSP60, Fo-HSP40 and Fo-HSP28.9） were cloned from F. occidentalis, and their expression profiles were investigated under conditions of thermal stress and insecticide exposure, and at different stages during development, using real-time quantitative PCR. All five gene sequences showed high similarity to homologs in other species, indicating the conserved fimction of this gene family. HSP60 represents an informative phylogenetic marker at the ordinal taxonomic level within Insecta, but HSP90, which has two homologous copies in Hymenoptera, was not informative. The expression of Fo-HSPs under thermal stress suggests that Fo-HSP90, Fo-HSP70, and Fo-HSP28.9 are inducible by both cold and heat stress, Fo-HSP40 is only heat-inducible, and Fo-HSP60 is thermally insensitive. There were two patterns of cold induction of Fo-HSPs： one is from 0 to 4℃ and the other is around -8℃. All five Fo-HSPs genes were induced by exposure to sublethal concentrations of the insecticide avermectin. The expression of the five Fo-HSPs during different developmental stages suggests that they all play a role in development of F. occidentalis.
文摘Hempseed meal from three dioecious and three monoecious varieties has been evaluated for content and quality of the protein and for the concentration of antinutritional compounds. Hemp seeds were obtained from plants grown in two experimental fields for two consecutive years (2011-2012). For all the varieties, hempseed meal resulted in a rich source of protein (34% mean content) with an amino acid profile extremely rich in arginine and slightly poor in lysine. Differences between dioecious and monoecious varieties were observed in the content of antinutritional compounds. They were more concentrated in monoecious varieties in comparison with those dioecious. The concentration of phytic acid in hempseed meal deserves attention in both groups, being 63 and 75.4 g·kg-1 of dry matter in dioecious and monocieous varieties, respectively. The results show that, besides the recognized value of hemp oil, also the hempseed cake could find application in animal feed as a substitute of other cakes (soybean, rapeseed). From this point of view, the dioecious varieties showing lower contents of antinutritional compounds with respect to the monoecious varieties would be preferred.
基金Supported by the National 863 Program (SQ2009AA02-XK1482570 and 2006AA02A402)Beijing Municipal Committeeof Science and Technology (D0905001040631) Beijing Capi-tal Development Foundation of Health Bureau (2007-2051)
文摘AIM: To develop a prognostic gene set that can predict patient overall survival status based on the whole genome expression analysis. METHODS: Using Illumina HumanWG-6 BeadChip followed by semi-supervised analysis, we analyzed the expression of 47 296 transcripts in two batches of gastric cancer patients who underwent surgical resection. Thirty-nine samples in the first batch were used as the training set to discover candidate markers correlated to overall survival, and thirty-three samples in the second batch were used for validation. RESULTS: A panel of ten genes were identified as prognostic marker in the first batch samples and classified patients into a lowand a high-risk group with significantly different survival times (P = 0.000047). This prognostic marker was then verified in an independent validation sample batch (P = 0.0009). By comparing with the traditional Tumor-node-metastasis (TNM) staging system, this ten-gene prognostic marker showed consistent prognosis results. It was the only independent prognostic value by multivariate Cox regression analysis (P = 0.007). Interestingly, six of these ten genes are ribosomal proteins, suggesting a possible association between the deregulation of ribosome related gene expression and the poor prognosis. CONCLUSION: A ten-gene marker correlated with overall prognosis, including 6 ribosomal proteins, was identified and verified, which may complement the predictive value of TNM staging system.
文摘Australian Sweet Lupin (ASL) has a nutritional profile ideally suited for human consumption with high protein and fibre, but low starch and fat content. The nutritional and protein profile of germinated ASL may be better than ungerminated ASL and these improvements would provide further benefits in its use as an ingredient in food applications. In this study the nutritional components such as protein, crude fibre, fat and protein profile of germinated ASL flour following germination at 25℃ and 90% - 95% relative humidity for 9 days were determined. The changes in the pattern of ASL protein during germination were analysed using sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). Germination significantly increased crude fibre contents by 450% (db), total protein contents by 38% (db) and decreased the fat content by 70% (db) at day 9 of germination. Electrophoretic analysis of the protein fractions revealed that during germination up to 9 days, some of the high molecular weight proteins disappeared. Germination represents a means to further improve the nutritional profile of the germinated ASL flour with an increased fibre and protein, but lower fat content.
基金This research was funded by National Natural Science Foundation of China(31661143002,31771839,31701123and 31501034)Yunnan Applied Basic Research Projects(2016FB060 and 2016FB040).
文摘Stress-associated proteins(SAPs)are known as response factors to multiple abiotic and biotic stresses in plants.However,the potential physiological and molecular functions of SAPs remain largely unclear.Castor bean(Ricinus communis L.)is one of the most economically valuable non-edible woody oilseed crops,able to be widely cultivated in marginal lands worldwide because of its broad adaptive capacity to soil and climate conditions.Whether SAPs in castor bean plays a key role in adapting diverse soil conditions and stresses remains unknown.In this study,we used the castor bean genome to identify and characterize nine castor bean SAP genes(RcSAP).Structural analysis showed that castor bean SAP gene structures and functional domain types vary greatly,differing in intron number,protein sequence,and functional domain type.Notably,the AN1-C2H2eC2H2 zinc finger domain within RcSAP9 has not been often observed in other plant families.High throughput RNA-seq data showed that castor bean SAP gene profiles varied among different tissues.In addition,castor bean SAP gene expression varied in response to different stresses,including salt,drought,heat,cold and ABA and MeJA,suggesting that the transcriptional regulation of castor bean SAP genes might operate independently of each other,and at least partially independent from ABA and MeJA signal pathways.Cis-element analyses for each castor bean SAP gene showed that no common cis-elements are shared across the nine castor bean SAP genes.Castor bean SAPs were localized to different regions of cells,including the cytoplasm,nucleus,and cytomembrane.This study provides a comprehensive profile of castor bean SAP genes that advances our understanding of their potential physiological and molecular functions in regulating growth and development and their responses to different abiotic stresses.
文摘Embryonic stem cells (ESCs) are derived from the inner cell mass (ICM) of preimplantation embryos. ESCs exhibit true pluripotency, i.e., the ability to differentiate into cells of all three germ layers in the developing embryo. We used 2-DE MALDI-TOF/TOF to identify differentially expressed proteins among three types of mouse embryonic stem cells (ESCs) derived from ferti-lized, parthenogenetic, and androgenetic (fESC, pESC and aESC, respectively) blastocysts. We detected more than 800 proteins on silver- stained gels of whole protein extracts from each type of ESC. Of these, 52 differentially expressed proteins were identified by the MALDI–TOF/TOF analyzer, including 32 (fESCs vs. pESCs), 28 (fESCs vs. aESCs) and 17 (pESCs vs. aESCs) prominent proteins with significantly higher or lower expression relative to the comparison cells. Among the 32 proteins from fESCs, 12 were significantly increased in expression and 20 were reduced in expression in fESCs com-pared with pESCs. Similarly, 10 of 28 and 8 of 17 proteins were more highly expressed in fESCs and pESCs compared with aESCs, respectively. In contrast, 18 of 28 and 9 of 17 proteins were reduced in expression in fESCs and pESCs compared with aESCs, respectively. Of the eight protein candidates in fESCs, four were in-creased and four were decreased in expression relative to both pESCs and aESCs in the 2-DE analysis. Differential expression of these pro-teins were confirmed by mRNA expression analysis using real time RT-PCR. For three pro-teins, ANXA5, CLIC1 and SRM, Western blot analysis corroborated the expression patterns indicated by the 2-DE results. ANXA5 and CLIC1 were increased in expression and SRM was de-creased in expression in fESCs compared with both pESCs and aESCs. The differentially ex-pressed proteins identified in the present study warrant further investigation towards the goal of their potential application in ESC therapy.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2017YFA0505400)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.21877024,21972214 and 22277020)。
文摘Activity-based Ubiquitin probes(Ub-ABPs)carrying a reporter group have emerged as effective tools for the investigation of deubiquitinating enzymes(DUBs),such as studying the molecular mechanism of DUBs,profiling new DUBs.But so far,the synthesis of commonly used biotin-bearing Ub-ABPs is a technical challenge.Here,we report a one-pot semi-synthetic strategy for the acquiring of Ub-ABPs carrying a biotin tag through sequential enzymatic ligation,N-S acyl transfer and aminolysis reaction without any purification steps.These probes enable to capture the different family of DUBs for enrichment and immunoblotting using the attached biotin tag.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China[grant no.81630062]the State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control[grant nos.2019SKLID501,2019SKLID603,and 2019SKLID307]。
文摘Objective To find the different electrophoretic profiles of prion protein in carcinous and individual pericarcinous tissues in lysates of gastric,colon,liver,lung,thyroid,and laryngeal cancers.Methods Sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis(SDS-PAGE)and Western blot were used to test the amounts and electrophoretic patterns of total Pr P and the tolerance of PK(protease K)digestion among six various cancer tissue types.Results A mass of Pr P signals with a large molecular weight were identified in the homogenates of peripheral tissues.The amounts and electrophoretic patterns of total Pr P did not differ significantly between carcinous and pericarcinous tissues.Pr Ps in all types of the tested cancer samples were PK sensitive but showed diversity in the tolerance of PK digestion among various tissue types.Conclusions The study revealed that the included electrophoretic patterns of carcinous and pericarcinous tissues were almost similar.Unlike Pr P-specific immunohistochemical assay,evaluation of Pr P electrophoretic patterns in the peripheral organs and tissues by Western blot does not reflect tumor malignancy.
文摘Objectives: To determine the anthropometric indices, lipopolysaccharide-binding proteins (LBP), and lipid profile in patients with metabolic endotoxemia. Methods: The study comprised of 47 patients with metabolic endotoxemia (the metabolic endotoxemia group) and 43 controls (the control group). Patients in the metabolic endotoxemia group were categorized further into three subgroups including the normal weight group (n=8), the overweight group (n=12) and the obese group (n=27). Height, weight, waist, and hip circumference were measured, and waist-hip ratio (WHR) and body mass index (BMI) were calculated. LBP was determined by ELISA and total cholesterol, triglycerides, high density lipoprotein by the respective enzymatic colorimetric methods. In addition, low density lipoprotein and very low density lipoprotein were determined by Friedewald's formula. Results: The mean waist circumference (WC), hip circumference (HC), BMI, total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein, and LBP of the metabolic endotoxemia group were significantly higher (P<0.05) than those of the control group. WHR, TG, high density lipoprotein and very low density lipoprotein of the metabolic endotoxemia group were not significantly different (P>0.05) from those of the control group. The mean WC, HC, WHR, and BMI of the obese group with metabolic endotoxemia were significantly higher (P<0.05) than those of the overweight group and the normal weight group with metabolic endotoxemia. Significant positive correlations were obtained between BMI and LBP (r=0.610, P=0.001), total cholesterol and LBP (r=0.385, P=0.007), TG and LBP (r=0.356, P=0.014) in patients with metabolic endotoxemia. Conclusions: Metabolic endotoxemia arising from increased circulating level of bacterial derive particles consequent to perturbation in the gut microbial community and the elevated ;serum level of LBP may precede the development of obesity, characterized by dyslipidemia, dysregulation of gut energy harvest, and metabolic energy imbalance.
基金Special thanks go to Dr.Anne Osano for allowing the first author to be part of this research experience,and the National Science Foundation(NSF)for funding this research opportunity.
文摘Finger millet(Eleusine coracana(L.)Gaertn.)is a drought resistant crop with potentially tremendous but under-explored source of nutraceutical properties as compared to other regularly consumed cereals in the era of drawback of nutritional security,these characteristics must be harnessed to develop finger millet as a novel functional food.Under-nutrition caused by inadequate diets,and other factors that influence nutritional status,is the underlying factor in 45%child deaths.In Kenya only 25%of young children are fed adequately diverse diets.The main objective of this study was to prepare baby food formulas using finger millets with pigeon peas as protein source and to analyze their nutritional profiles.Two finger millets varieties(i)Snapping Green Early,low altitude and medium altitude varieties and(ii)U-15)were studied to determine effects of environment on nutrient profiles.This study showed that Snapping Green Early had better nutrient profiles(12.13%protein and is high in Ca,Mg,Fe,Zn and P)than U-15(11.69%protein and lower nutrients(Ca,Mg,Fe,Zn and P)),and hence was selected for use in the malting process as best variety.As expected,the pigeon peas had the highest protein value(21%).The samples malted for 72 h resulted in reduction of tannin concentration from 0.091%to 0.03%and the amount of nutrients(Ca,Mg,Fe and Zn)doubled and in fact the protein profile increased by 8.31%.The appropriate ratio for the formulation of the baby food was 70:30.The composting resulted in 18.5%increase in protein.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81672440)Innovation Program of Science and Research from the DICP,CAS(No.DICP TMSR201601)the 100 Talents Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences
文摘Active endogenous metabolites regulate the viability of cells. This process is controlled by a series ofinteractions between small metabolites and large proteins. Previously, several studies had reported thatmetabolite regulates the protein functions, such as diacylglycerol to protein kinase C, lactose regulationof the lac repressor, and HIF-1α stabilization by 2-hydroxyglutarate. However, decades old traditionalbiochemical methods are insufficient to systematically investigate the bio-molecular reactions for a high-throughput discovery. Here, we have reviewed an update on the recently developed chemical proteomicscalled activity-based protein profiling （ABPP）. ABPP is able to identify proteins interacted eithercovalently or non-covalently with metabolites significantly. Thus, ABPP will facilitate the characteriza-tion of specific metabolite regulating; proteins in human disease progression.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(32172233,32472383)Youth Leading Talent Support Program of Northeast Agricultural University(NEAU2023QNLJ-014).
文摘This study examined the effects of varying concentrations of Tenebrio molitor larval protein(TMLP)on the quality characteristics of frankfurters,which were formulated with a 50%lower phosphate content.The addition of TMLP significantly reduced the cooking loss of frankfurters with 50%reduced phosphate content(P<0.05)and enhanced their elastic properties,as confirmed by dynamic rheological analysis.Moreover,both macroscopic and microscopic images revealed that a 2%(m/m)TMLP resulted in a more pronounced pink colour and a denser protein network,with no significant differences noted in flavour or sensory attributes compared to the control group(P>0.05).Furthermore,in vitro digestibility studies demonstrated that the addition of TMLP markedly improved the protein digestibility of frankfurters with 50% reduced phosphate content.Therefore,our results suggest that the addition of TMLP is a practical and effective way of producing high-quality,easily digestible frankfurters with reduced phosphate content.
文摘Glycosylation is one of the most complex and important post-translational modifications in proteins,playing essential roles in cellular signaling,protein folding,and immune responses[1].Despite its biological sig-nificance,low abundance and high heterogeneity of glycoproteins pose significant analytical challenges.In a recent study published in National Science Review,a team of scientists led by Prof.Haojie Lu from Fudan University developed a groundbreaking strategy to address these challenges,offering a robust and scalable method for the comprehensive profiling of protein glycosylation[2].
基金supported by grants from the National Basic Research Program of China (2006CB708208,2006CB101901)the Program for Changjiang Scholars and Innovative Research Team in University, Ministry of Education of China (IRT0558)+1 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China (30930064)the 111Project from the Ministry of Education of China(B07049)
文摘Pathogenesis-related proteins （PRs） play many important roles in plant defense response against pathogen attack. To better understand the molecular mechanism of PR genes involved in wheat adult plant resistance （APR） to stripe rust, based on a differentially expressed transcribed derived fragment （TDF）, a novel PR gene from wheat cv. Xingzi 9104 infected by the Puccinia striiformis Westend f. sp. tritici Erikss. pathotype CY32, which was highly similar to the maize ZmPRIO gene and designated as TaPRIO, was identified using in silico cloning and RT-PCR method. This novel TaPRIO gene was predicted to encode a 160-amino acid protein with a deduced molecular weight of 17.06 kDa and an isoelectronic point （pI） of 5.19. An amino acid sequence analysis of TaPR10 demonstrated the presence of a typical conserved domain of pathogenesis related protein Bet v I family. Multiple alignment analysis based on the amino acids encoded by 10 different PRIO genes from maize （Zea mays）, rice （Oryza sativa）, broomcorn （Sorghum bicolor）, and wheat （Triticum aestivum） indicated that PR proteins of class 10 was conserved among the 4 plant species with about 80% similarity. DNA sequence of TaPRIO suggested the presence of one 84-bp intron with the splicing sites of GT-AT bi-nucleotide sequence between 188 and 271 bp. Using a real-time quantitative RT-PCR （qRT-PCR）, expression profiles of TaPRIO revealed that at the adult-plant stage, TaPRIO transcript was up-regulated as early as 12 h post-inoculation （hpi）, with the occurrence of maximum induction at 24 hpi. At the seedling stage, TaPRIO was also slightly induced 18 hpi. However, the transcript amount was relatively lower than that of the adult-plant stage. Taken together, these results suggest that TaPRIO may participate in wheat defense response of APR to stripe rust.
