Downregulation of the inwardly rectifying potassium channel Kir4.1 is a key step for inducing retinal Müller cell activation and interaction with other glial cells,which is involved in retinal ganglion cell apopt...Downregulation of the inwardly rectifying potassium channel Kir4.1 is a key step for inducing retinal Müller cell activation and interaction with other glial cells,which is involved in retinal ganglion cell apoptosis in glaucoma.Modulation of Kir4.1 expression in Müller cells may therefore be a potential strategy for attenuating retinal ganglion cell damage in glaucoma.In this study,we identified seven predicted phosphorylation sites in Kir4.1 and constructed lentiviral expression systems expressing Kir4.1 mutated at each site to prevent phosphorylation.Following this,we treated Müller glial cells in vitro and in vivo with the m Glu R I agonist DHPG to induce Kir4.1 or Kir4.1 Tyr^(9)Asp overexpression.We found that both Kir4.1 and Kir4.1 Tyr^(9)Asp overexpression inhibited activation of Müller glial cells.Subsequently,we established a rat model of chronic ocular hypertension by injecting microbeads into the anterior chamber and overexpressed Kir4.1 or Kir4.1 Tyr^(9)Asp in the eye,and observed similar results in Müller cells in vivo as those seen in vitro.Both Kir4.1 and Kir4.1 Tyr^(9)Asp overexpression inhibited Müller cell activation,regulated the balance of Bax/Bcl-2,and reduced the m RNA and protein levels of pro-inflammatory factors,including interleukin-1βand tumor necrosis factor-α.Furthermore,we investigated the regulatory effects of Kir4.1 and Kir4.1 Tyr^(9)Asp overexpression on the release of pro-inflammatory factors in a co-culture system of Müller glial cells and microglia.In this co-culture system,we observed elevated adenosine triphosphate concentrations in activated Müller cells,increased levels of translocator protein(a marker of microglial activation),and elevated interleukin-1βm RNA and protein levels in microglia induced by activated Müller cells.These changes could be reversed by Kir4.1 and Kir4.1 Tyr^(9)Asp overexpression in Müller cells.Kir4.1 overexpression,but not Kir4.1 Tyr^(9)Asp overexpression,reduced the number of proliferative and migratory microglia induced by activated Müller cells.Collectively,these results suggest that the tyrosine residue at position nine in Kir4.1 may serve as a functional modulation site in the retina in an experimental model of glaucoma.Kir4.1 and Kir4.1 Tyr^(9)Asp overexpression attenuated Müller cell activation,reduced ATP/P2X receptor–mediated interactions between glial cells,inhibited microglial activation,and decreased the synthesis and release of pro-inflammatory factors,consequently ameliorating retinal ganglion cell apoptosis in glaucoma.展开更多
To elucidate the effect of calcite-regulated activated carbon(AC)structure on low-temperature denitrification performance of SCR catalysts,this work prepared a series of Mn-Ce/De-AC-xCaCO_(3)(x is the calcite content ...To elucidate the effect of calcite-regulated activated carbon(AC)structure on low-temperature denitrification performance of SCR catalysts,this work prepared a series of Mn-Ce/De-AC-xCaCO_(3)(x is the calcite content in coal)catalysts were prepared by the incipient wetness impregnation method,followed by acid washing to remove calcium-containing minerals.Comprehensive characterization and low-temperature denitrification tests revealed that calcite-induced structural modulation of coal-derived AC significantly enhances catalytic activity.Specifically,NO conversion increased from 88.3%of Mn-Ce/De-AC to 91.7%of Mn-Ce/De-AC-1CaCO_(3)(210℃).The improved SCR denitrification activity results from the enhancement of physicochemical properties including higher Mn^(4+)content and Ce^(4+)/Ce^(3+)ratio,an abundance of chemisorbed oxygen and acidic sites,which could strengthen the SCR reaction pathways(richer NH_(3)activated species and bidentate nitrate active species).Therefore,NO removal is enhanced.展开更多
BACKGROUND:Hemiplegia,a prevalent stroke-related condition,is often studied for motor dysfunction;however,spasticity remains under-researched.Abnormal muscle tone significantly hinders hemiplegic patients’walking rec...BACKGROUND:Hemiplegia,a prevalent stroke-related condition,is often studied for motor dysfunction;however,spasticity remains under-researched.Abnormal muscle tone significantly hinders hemiplegic patients’walking recovery.OBJECTIVE:To determine whether early suspension-protected training with a personal assistant machine for stroke patients enhances walking ability and prevents muscle spasms.METHODS:Thirty-two early-stage stroke patients from Shenzhen University General Hospital and the China Rehabilitation Research Center were randomly assigned to the experimental group(n=16)and the control group(n=16).Both groups underwent 4 weeks of gait training under the suspension protection system for 30 minutes daily,5 days a week.The experimental group used the personal assistant machine during training.Three-dimensional gait analysis(using the Cortex motion capture system),Brunnstrom staging,Fugl-Meyer Assessment for lower limb motor function,Fugl-Meyer balance function,and the modified Ashworth Scale were evaluated within 1 week before the intervention and after 4 weeks of intervention.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:After the 4-week intervention,all outcome measures showed significant changes in each group.The experimental group had a small but significant increase in the modified Ashworth Scale score(P<0.05,d=|0.15|),while the control group had a large significant increase(P<0.05,d=|1.48|).The experimental group demonstrated greater improvements in walking speed(16.5 to 38.44 cm/s,P<0.05,d=|4.01|),step frequency(46.44 to 64.94 steps/min,P<0.05,d=|2.32|),stride length(15.50 to 29.81 cm,P<0.05,d=|3.44|),and peak hip and knee flexion(d=|1.82|to|2.17|).After treatment,the experimental group showed significantly greater improvements than the control group in walking speed(38.44 vs.26.63 cm/s,P<0.05,d=|2.75|),stride length,peak hip and knee flexion(d=|1.31|to|1.45|),step frequency(64.94 vs.59.38 steps/min,P<0.05,d=|0.85|),and a reduced support phase(bilateral:24.31%vs.28.38%,P<0.05,d=|0.88|;non-paretic:66.19%vs.70.13%,P<0.05,d=|0.94|).For early hemiplegia,personal assistant machine-assisted gait training under the suspension protection system helps establish a correct gait pattern,prevents muscle spasms,and improves motor function.展开更多
Passiflora incarnata L.,commonly known as passionflower,is traditionally cultivated as an ornamental plant but has demonstrated diverse therapeutic potential.Its pharmacological effects are attributed to bioactive com...Passiflora incarnata L.,commonly known as passionflower,is traditionally cultivated as an ornamental plant but has demonstrated diverse therapeutic potential.Its pharmacological effects are attributed to bioactive compounds such as flavonoids and alkaloids,which influence multiple biological pathways.This review aims to summarise and critically analyse recent findings on the pharmacological properties of Passiflora incarnata L.,focusing on its neuropsychiatric,antioxidant,antimicrobial,and anticancer activities.A targeted literature search was conducted in PubMed,Scopus,Web of Science,and Google Scholar for peer-reviewed publications between 2000 to 2025.Relevant articles were screened,and a more appropriate article related to the objective of the review was selected.Some classical papers are also cited as per the requirement of the topic.Passiflora incarnata L.showed multifunctional medicinal properties with various applications in neuropsychiatry,oxidative stress management,antimicrobial agent,and as an anticancer agent.The U.S.Food and Drug Administration categorizes passionflower extracts as“generally recognized as safe”.However,most evidence remains preclinical,with methodological variation limiting generalisation.Standardised formulation,robust clinical trials,and in-depth in vivo studies are essential to establish its therapeutic relevance and safety in modern medicine.展开更多
Rationale:This case report describes a couple with recurrent fertilization failure despite undergoing multiple cycles of intracytoplasmic sperm injection(ICSI).The principal clinical concern was suspected oocyte activ...Rationale:This case report describes a couple with recurrent fertilization failure despite undergoing multiple cycles of intracytoplasmic sperm injection(ICSI).The principal clinical concern was suspected oocyte activation deficiency(OAD),in which fertilization is impeded due to the oocyte’s inability to initiate embryogenesis,commonly attributed to inadequate intracellular calcium(Ca^(2+))release following sperm injection.Patient concerns:The couple repeatedly experienced complete or near-complete fertilization failure in previous ICSI cycles,raising suspicion of an underlying oocyte activation defect.Diagnosis:Based on the repeated absence of fertilization post-ICSI and clinical history,a diagnosis of suspected OAD leading to recurrent ICSI fertilization failure was considered.Interventions:Artificial oocyte activation(AOA)using the calcium ionophore A23187 was performed.After ICSI,unfertilized oocytes were exposed to the ionophore to induce Ca^(2+)influx,simulating physiological calcium oscillations essential for oocyte activation.The efficacy of intervention was evaluated through subsequent embryonic development,morphological grading,and chromosomal integrity.Outcomes:Following AOA treatment,successful oocyte activation occurred,resulting in the formation of high-grade embryos with normal developmental progression.Chromosomal analysis revealed no detectable abnormalities,indicating genomic stability.Lessons:Calcium ionophore–mediated AOA may serve as an effective adjunct in cases of recurrent ICSI failure attributed to OAD.This case highlights the importance of individualized therapeutic strategies in assisted reproduction;however,further research is needed to refine protocols,validate broader clinical efficacy,and assess long-term safety,including potential epigenetic risks.展开更多
BACKGROUND Postoperative delirium(POD)is a common and serious complication in surgical patients,particularly older adults.Alterations in cholinergic function have been implicated in its pathophysiology.AIM To evaluate...BACKGROUND Postoperative delirium(POD)is a common and serious complication in surgical patients,particularly older adults.Alterations in cholinergic function have been implicated in its pathophysiology.AIM To evaluate the association between preoperative serum cholinesterase(ChE)activity—specifically butyrylcholinesterase(BuChE)and acetylcholinesterase(AChE)—and the risk of POD in adult surgical patients in a meta-analysis.METHODS A systematic search was conducted in PubMed,EMBASE,and Web of Science up to March 28,2025 for studies reporting preoperative serum BuChE or AChE activity in relation to subsequent POD incidence.Standardized mean differences(SMDs)and odds ratios(ORs)with 95%confidence intervals(CIs)were pooled using random-effects models.Subgroup and sensitivity analyses were performed based on follow-up duration and analytic models.RESULTS Thirteen studies(n=2730 patients)were included.Patients who developed POD had significantly lower preoperative BuChE activity than those who did not(SMD=-0.28;95%CI:-0.39 to-0.16;I²=18%).Higher BuChE activity was associated with a reduced risk of POD(OR per 100 unit increment=0.97;95%CI:0.95-0.99;I2=0%).In contrast,pooled AChE activity did not differ significantly between POD and non-POD groups(SMD=-0.25;95%CI:-0.53 to 0.03;P=0.08;I2=80%),and the ORs per 1 unit increment in AChE activity were not statistically significant(OR=0.98;95%CI:0.95-1.01).CONCLUSION Lower preoperative serum BuChE activity is associated with an increased risk of POD in adults undergoing surgery.BuChE activity may serve as a potential preoperative biomarker for POD risk stratification.展开更多
Conductive materials(CM)can improve methane production(MP)efficiency in many methanogenic systems.However,several types of CM exist,and there are uncertainties regarding whether they all improve MP efficiency to the s...Conductive materials(CM)can improve methane production(MP)efficiency in many methanogenic systems.However,several types of CM exist,and there are uncertainties regarding whether they all improve MP efficiency to the same extent and modulate microbial communities in a similar way.To investigate that,different microbial enrichments with and without activated carbon(AC),magnetite(Mag),and zeolites(Zeo)(at 0.5 g/L)were developed.MP profiles and microbial composition changes were compared among enrichments.The behavior of all enrichments was different,although the initial inoculum sludge was the same.Lag phase duration was lower in AC enrichment,while the complete conversion of butyrate to methane was faster in Mag enrichment.Syntrophomonas was the most abundant bacterial genus in all enrichments,but changes in the methanogenic community were evident.Acetoclastic methanogens were more diverse in Mag enrichment,with microorganisms assigned to Methanosarcina and Methanothrix gener1,but Methanothrix was the only acetoclastic methanogen in the other enrichments.On the other hand,different species of hydrogenotrophic methanogens prevailed in distinct enrichments.The metatranscriptomics results revealed that the dominant mechanism of interspecies electron transfer in the AC enrichment utilized hydrogen as the electron carrier,and no evidences of direct interspecies electron transfer(DIET)could be found.These results showed how different CM modulate microbial communities and affect MP efficiency through mechanisms that do not necessarily involve DIET or mediation via CM.展开更多
Objective Stroke is the third leading cause of death worldwide,with the highest incidence in Asia,particularly in China,where smoking remains a major risk factor.The smoking prevalence in China is similar to that in A...Objective Stroke is the third leading cause of death worldwide,with the highest incidence in Asia,particularly in China,where smoking remains a major risk factor.The smoking prevalence in China is similar to that in Asia.Whether the risk estimates for smoking-related stroke in China and all Asian countries are still unknown which is worth evaluating.Thus,this study aims to compare the Relative Risk(RR)of smoking-attributed stroke among the Chinese and Asian populations.Methods A literature search was conducted from the inception to September 10,2022.Studies meeting the criteria were included.The articles were screened,and related information was extracted.Pooled RRs stratified by smoking status and sex were analyzed,including subgroup analyses for China,other Asian countries,and Asia overall.Finally,publication bias and sensitivity analyses were conducted.Results Thirty-seven articles on the Chinese population and 15 on other Asian populations were included,with a mean Newcastle-Ottawa scale(NOS)score of 7.25.About ever smokers,there had no statistical difference existed in both sexes and females between China and other Asian countries,while the RR of males in other Asian countries[2.31(1.38,3.86)]was higher than that in China[1.21(1.15,1.26)];further subgroup analysis indicated that other Asian countries had higher RR[3.76(3.02,4.67)]in the morbidity subgroup.The RRs of both sexes,males and females,between China and the whole of Asia were not statistically different.As for current and former smokers,no meaningful statistical difference was observed in the pooled RRs of both sexes,males and females,in China,other Asian countries,and all of Asia.Conclusion The RR of males ever smokers in China was smaller than that in other Asian countries due to the few articles of morbidity subgroup,but had no statistical difference with the whole of Asia;other groups of ever smokers,current smokers,and former smokers were not statistically significant with other Asian countries or the whole of Asia.展开更多
BACKGROUND Major depressive disorder(MDD)and obesity(OB)are bidirectionally comorbid conditions with common neurobiological underpinnings.However,the neurocognitive mechanisms of their comorbidity remain poorly unders...BACKGROUND Major depressive disorder(MDD)and obesity(OB)are bidirectionally comorbid conditions with common neurobiological underpinnings.However,the neurocognitive mechanisms of their comorbidity remain poorly understood.AIM To examine regional abnormalities in spontaneous brain activity among patients with MDD-OB comorbidity.METHODS This study adopted a regional homogeneity(ReHo)analysis of resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging.The study included 149 hospital patients divided into four groups:Patients experiencing their first episode of drug-naive MDD with OB,patients with MDD without OB,and age-and sex-matched healthy individuals with and without OB.Whole-brain ReHo analysis was conducted using SPM12 software and RESTplus toolkits,with group comparisons via ANOVA and post-hoc tests.Correlations between ReHo values and behavioral measures were examined.RESULTS ANOVA revealed significant whole-brain ReHo differences among the four groups in four key regions:The left middle temporal gyrus(MTG.L),right cuneus,left precuneus,and left thalamus.Post-hoc analyses confirmed pairwise differences between all groups across these regions(P<0.05).OB was associated with ReHo alterations in the MTG.L,right cuneus,and left thalamus,whereas abnormalities in the precuneus suggested synergistic pathological mechanisms between MDD and OB.Statistically significant correlations were found between the drive and fun-seeking dimensions of the behavioral activation system,as well as behavioral inhibition and the corresponding ReHo values.CONCLUSION Our findings provide novel evidence for the neuroadaptive mechanisms underlying the MDD-OB comorbidity.Further validation could lead to personalized interventions targeting MTG.L hyperactivity and targeting healthy food cues.展开更多
Ruscogenin,a steroidal sapogenin,is primarily derived from the genus Ruscus.It demonstrates a wide range of pharmacological actions that hold substantial promise for therapeutic use.By conducting a comprehensive exami...Ruscogenin,a steroidal sapogenin,is primarily derived from the genus Ruscus.It demonstrates a wide range of pharmacological actions that hold substantial promise for therapeutic use.By conducting a comprehensive examination of electronic databases including PubMed,ScienceDirect,and SciFinder,we identified studies on ruscogenin to date.This review aims at emphasizing the findings related to the bioactivities of ruscogenin,particularly its protective activities in neurological and inflammatory disorders,hemorrhoids,and cancer.Ruscogenin has been demonstrated to possess anti-ulcer,anti-osteoporotic,and skin-lightening properties as a therapeutic agent.It has also been proven effective in managing metabolic disorders by reducing inflammation and improving lipid metabolism,particularly in conditions such as non-alcoholic steatohepatitis and diabetic nephropathy.Reports indicate that it can prevent acute lung injury by protecting pulmonary endothelial cells from apoptosis and modulating inflammatory cytokines.Additionally,ruscogenin promotes neurological recovery by mitigating oxidative stress.It also shows anti-cancer properties,leading to apoptosis and hindering metastasis,particularly in pancreatic and hepatocellular carcinoma.This review summarizes the potential medical applications of ruscogenin and underscores the need for further research on its mechanisms of action.展开更多
Population aging is one of the common challenges in the current world.As people age,the body’s tissues including cells,and molecules inevitably degrade,and their functions gradually decline,causing various age-relate...Population aging is one of the common challenges in the current world.As people age,the body’s tissues including cells,and molecules inevitably degrade,and their functions gradually decline,causing various age-related diseases like Alzheimer’s disease,osteoporosis,low immunity,glucose and lipid metabolism disorders,and cardiovascular diseases.With the continuous increase of the elderly population,the pressure on the medical industry is increasing.To lower the burden on the medical industry and increase the average age of the elderly,it is vital to explore effective anti-aging materials.Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma(Renshen),as a traditional and precious Chinese medicinal herb,is known as the“king of all herbs”.It is famous for its effects of“tonifying Qi,restoring pulse”(helping with the generation of Qi(the fundamental,vital energy that continuously flows within the body)and the circulation of blood)and strengthening the body,nourishing the spleen and lungs,generating fluids and nourishing blood,calming the mind and improving intelligence.Recently,its anti-aging effect has received increasing attention from modern scientific research.This study summarizes the pharmacological effects of the main active ingredients of Renshen(ginsenosides,polysaccharides,etc.)on resisting aging,including preventing neuroaging,suppressing skin aging,mitigating ovarian aging,inhibiting osteoporosis and arthritis,enhancing the immune system of the elderly,protecting the cardiovascular system,resisting aging-induced fatigue and exerting the anti-tumor effects.Through network pharmacology and molecular docking,the anti-aging active ingredients of Renshen were screened,and the key targets and pathways of anti-aging active ingredients in Renshen were determined.Using network pharmacology,totally 106 drug targets and 3,479 disease targets were screened,and 79 common targets between aging and Renshen were identified.Three core targets were identified in the PPI network,including TNF,AKT1,and IL-1β.Molecular docking was used to obtain further verification.This study emphasizes the potential of Renshen as a source of anti-aging activity,which can be developed into a novel drug for the treatment of age-related diseases.展开更多
Epilepsy is a complex neurological disorder aggravated by chronic neuroinflammation largely driven by reactive astrocytes.These cells promote epileptogenesis through persistent cytokine secretion and glial scar format...Epilepsy is a complex neurological disorder aggravated by chronic neuroinflammation largely driven by reactive astrocytes.These cells promote epileptogenesis through persistent cytokine secretion and glial scar formation.Current antiepileptic drugs remain ineffective in targeting these mechanisms due to limited blood-brain barrier(BBB)permeability and poor astrocytic specificity.A transferrin-functionalized biomimetic nanotherapeutic loaded with resveratrol(RN@RTA)was developed to regulate astrocyte-mediated inflammation by activating sirtuin 1(SIRT1)and suppressing the mitogen-activated protein kinase/nuclear factor Kappalight-chain-enhancer of activated B cells(MAPK/NF-κB)axis.Using in vitro BBB models,primary astrocytes,and a pilocarpine-induced chronic epilepsy mouse model,we evaluated the capacity of RN@RTA to cross the BBB,inhibit inflammatory signaling,and reduce seizure activity.Mechanistic assays included immunoprecipitation of NF-κB complexes,cytokine quantification,RNA sequencing,and histopathological assessments of glial and synaptic markers.RN@RTA achieved 82%uptake by hippocampal astrocytes and significantly reduced Il6,Tnf-α,and Nlrp3 expression.SIRT1 activation disrupted the NF-κB p65/p300 complex,leading to transcriptional repression of inflammatory genes and enhancement of autophagy.In vivo,seizure frequency decreased by 67%,synaptic structure was preserved,and astrogliosis was markedly alleviated.The findings demonstrate a dual regulatory mechanism in which RN@RTA suppresses neuroinflammatory signaling and restores neural homeostasis,offering a promising molecularly targeted approach for refractory epilepsy.展开更多
Fiber-structured ion sensors have gained traction in health monitoring and medical diagnostics owing to their structural flexibility,enhanced sensitivity,and suitability for integration into wearable devices.This stud...Fiber-structured ion sensors have gained traction in health monitoring and medical diagnostics owing to their structural flexibility,enhanced sensitivity,and suitability for integration into wearable devices.This study employed a simple and efficient solutionbased process to fabricate nanofibers containing aggregation-induced emission(AIE)dyes.The resulting AIE nanofibers exhibited stable and intense fluorescence,nanosecond fluorescence lifetime,and low-loss light transport when functioning as active waveguides.Additionally,crossed nanofiber intersections exhibited diffraction-limited emission spots.The AIE nanofibers demonstrate efficient and ionspecific fluorescence quenching in response to Ag^(+).These results support the development of sensing units capable of operating in liquid environments or in direct contact with skin or tissues,facilitating real-time monitoring of ion concentrations for personalized healthcare management.展开更多
The January 2022 eruption of Hunga injected unprecedented volumes of water vapor(150 Tg)and modest sulfur dioxide(SO_(2))into the stratosphere,producing accelerated sulfate aerosol formation in the early plume.As the ...The January 2022 eruption of Hunga injected unprecedented volumes of water vapor(150 Tg)and modest sulfur dioxide(SO_(2))into the stratosphere,producing accelerated sulfate aerosol formation in the early plume.As the aerosols gradually spread into the global stratosphere,the role of water vapor,among other factors in the spread and residence time of the sulfate aerosols,remained unclear.We used multisatellite observations to better understand the role of water vapor in the spread and lifetime of Hunga volcanic aerosols.Stratospheric circulation transported the plumes to~26 km within the polar vortices-the Antarctic by August 2022 and the Arctic by January 2023-with the arrival of aerosols lagging behind that of water vapor by months.Even though high injection altitudes(58 km)and strong Brewer-Dobson circulation contributed to prolonging the residence time of aerosols,the water vapor enhanced particle growth and thus accelerated gravitational settling,with the half lifetime of aerosols being 14 months.Our analysis revealed a critical trade-off:after the eruption of the Hunga volcano,an extremely high injection height and strong upward motion slowed the removal of aerosols,but extreme water vapor loading still had a certain impact on the half lifetime of the aerosols.These findings highlight the role of water vapor in the persistence of aerosols from submarine eruptions.展开更多
Peroxymonosulfate(PMS)-assisted visible-light photocatalytic degradation of organic pollutants using graphitic carbon nitride(g-C_(3)N_(4))presents a promising and environmentally friendly approach.However,pristine g-...Peroxymonosulfate(PMS)-assisted visible-light photocatalytic degradation of organic pollutants using graphitic carbon nitride(g-C_(3)N_(4))presents a promising and environmentally friendly approach.However,pristine g-C_(3)N_(4) suffers from limited visible-light absorption and low charge-carrier mobility.In this study,a phosphorus-doped tubular carbon nitride(5P-TCN)was synthesized via a precursor self-assembly method using phosphoric acid and melamine as raw materials,eliminating the need for organic solvents or templates.The 5P-TCN catalyst demonstrated enhanced visible-light absorption,improved charge transfer capability,and a 5.25-fold increase in specific surface area(31.092 m^(2)/g),which provided abundant active sites to efficiently drive the PMS-assisted photocatalytic reaction.The 5P-TCN/vis/PMS system exhibited exceptional degradation performance for organic pollutants across a broad pH range(3–9),achieving over 92%degradation of Rhodamine B(RhB)within 15 min.Notably,the system retained>98%RhB degradation efficiency after three consecutive operational cycles,demonstrating robust operational stability and reusability.Moreover,key parameters influencing,active radi-cals,degradation pathways,and potential mechanisms for RhB degradation were systematically investigated.This work proposes a green and cost-effective strategy for developing high-efficiency photocatalysts,while demon-strating the exceptional capability of a PMS-assisted photocatalytic system for rapid degradation of RhB.展开更多
Fenton-like technology based on peroxymonosulfate activation has shown great potential in refractory organics degradation.In this work,single Fe atom catalysts were synthesized through facile ball milling and exhibite...Fenton-like technology based on peroxymonosulfate activation has shown great potential in refractory organics degradation.In this work,single Fe atom catalysts were synthesized through facile ball milling and exhibited very high performance in peroxymonosulfate activation.The Fe single-atom filled an N vacancy on the triazine ring edge of C_(3)N_(4),as confirmed through X-ray absorption fine structure,density functional calculation and elec-tron paramagnetic resonance.The SAFe_(0.4)–C_(3)N_(4)/PMS system could completely remove phenol(20 mg/L)within 10 min and its first-order kinetic constant was 12.3 times that of the Fe_(3)O_(4)/PMS system.Under different ini-tial pH levels and in various anionic environments,SAFe_(0.4)–C_(3)N_(4) still demonstrated excellent catalytic activity,achieving a removal rate of over 90%for phenol within 12 min.In addition,SAFe_(0.4)–C_(3)N_(4) exhibited outstanding selectivity in reaction systems with different pollutants,showing excellent degradation effects on electron-rich pollutants only.Hydroxyl radicals(•OH),singlet oxygen(1O_(2))and high-valent iron oxide(Fe(Ⅳ)=O)were de-tected in the SAFe_(0.4)–C_(3)N_(4)/PMS system through free radical capture experiments.Further experiments on the quenching of active species and a methyl phenyl sulfoxide probe confirmed that 1O_(2) and Fe(Ⅳ)=O played dom-inant roles.Additionally,the change in the current response after adding PMS and phenol in succession proved that a direct electron transfer path between organic matter and the catalyst surface was unlikely to exist in the SAFe_(0.4)–C_(3)N_(4)/PMS/Phenol degradation system.This study provides a new demonstration of the catalytic mech-anism of single-atom catalysts.展开更多
Objective:To evaluate the effects of a piceatannol-loaded self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery system(PIC-SNEDDS)on wound healing in diabetic rats and its mechanisms of wound healing action.Methods:Diabetes was induced ...Objective:To evaluate the effects of a piceatannol-loaded self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery system(PIC-SNEDDS)on wound healing in diabetic rats and its mechanisms of wound healing action.Methods:Diabetes was induced in rats using streptozotocin,after which full-thickness excisional wounds were created.Piceatannol was administered topically either as a raw hydrogel or formulated into a PIC-SNEDDS,which was prepared using an optimized oil-surfactant mixture and incorporated into a hydrogel for application.Wound healing activity was assessed through measurements of wound contraction,oxidative stress biomarkers,and collagen content,along with histological and immunohistochemical evaluation of inflammatory,angiogenic,and remodeling markers.Results:PIC-SNEDDS markedly enhanced diabetic wound healing by promoting epithelial regeneration,granulation tissue formation,epidermal proliferation,and keratinization.The formulation also reduced the expression of pro-inflammatory markers(interleukin-6,nuclear factor-kappa B,and tumor necrosis factor-α)while increasingα-smooth muscle actin,transforming growth factor-β1,vascular endothelial growth factor-A,and hydroxyproline levels.Additionally,it improved antioxidant status by lowering malondialdehyde levels and boosting superoxide dismutase and catalase activity,along with upregulation of COL1A1 mRNA expression.Conclusions:PIC-SNEDDS promotes the healing of diabetic wounds and exhibits anti-inflammatory,antioxidant,pro-collagen,and angiogenic properties.展开更多
Introduction:The choice is no longer whether—but when and how!Today,organizations can no longer choose whether or not to engage with stakeholders;the only real decision is when and how to do it successfully.Engaging ...Introduction:The choice is no longer whether—but when and how!Today,organizations can no longer choose whether or not to engage with stakeholders;the only real decision is when and how to do it successfully.Engaging stakeholders is essential for any type of organization,public,private,or civil society.In fact,it is a fundamental part of effective governance,continuous improvement,and social responsibility.The principle behind stakeholder engagement is simple yet powerful:those who can influence or be affected by an organization's mission must be given the opportunity to express their views and contribute to shaping the decisions that impact them.展开更多
To address the deficiencies in comprehensive surface contamination prevention strategies within China's nitrate-affected regions,this research innovatively proposes the DITAPH model-a systematic framework integrat...To address the deficiencies in comprehensive surface contamination prevention strategies within China's nitrate-affected regions,this research innovatively proposes the DITAPH model-a systematic framework integrating groundwater nitrate vulnerability assessment and Nitrate Vulnerable Zones(NVZs)delineation through optimization of hydrogeological parameters.Based on detailed hydrogeological and hydrochemical investigations,the DITAPH model was applied in the plain areas of Quanzhou to evaluate its applicability.The model selected hydrogeological parameters(depth of groundwater,lithology of the vadose zone,topographic slope,aquifer water yield property),one climatic parameter(precipitation),and two anthropogenic parameters(land use type and population density)as assessment indicators.The results of the groundwater nitrate vulnerability assessment showed that the low,relatively low,relatively high,and high groundwater nitrate vulnerability zones in the study area accounted for 5.96%,35.44%,53.74%and 4.86%of the total area,respectively.Groundwater nitrate vulnerability was most strongly influenced by human activities,followed by groundwater depth and topographic slope.The high vulnerability zone is mainly affected by domestic and industrial wastewater,whereas the relatively high groundwater nitrate vulnerability zone is primarily influenced by agricultural activities.Validation of the DITAPH model revealed a significant positive correlation between the DITAPH index(DI)and nitrate concentration(ρ(NO3−)).The results of the NVZs delineated by the DITAPH model are reliable and can serve as a tool for water resource management planning,guiding the development of targeted measures in the NVZs to prevent groundwater contamination.展开更多
Human activities have significantly impacted the land surface temperature(LST),endangering human health;however,the relationship between these two factors has not been adequately quantified.This study comprehensively ...Human activities have significantly impacted the land surface temperature(LST),endangering human health;however,the relationship between these two factors has not been adequately quantified.This study comprehensively constructs a Human Activity Intensity(HAI)index and employs the Maximal Information Coefficient,four-quadrant model,and XGBoostSHAP model to investigate the spatiotemporal relationship and influencing factors of HAI-LST in the Yellow River Basin(YRB)from 2000 to 2020.The results indicated that from 2000 to 2020,as HAI and LST increased,the static HAI-LST relationship in the YRB showed a positive correlation that continued to strengthen.This dynamic relationship exhibited conflicting development,with the proportion of coordinated to conflicting regions shifting from 1:4 to 1:2,indicating a reduction in conflict intensity.Notably,only the degree of conflict in the source area decreased significantly,whereas it intensified in the upper and lower reaches.The key factors influencing the HAI-LST relationship include fractional vegetation cover,slope,precipitation,and evapotranspiration,along with region-specific factors such as PM_(2.5),biodiversity,and elevation.Based on these findings,region-specific ecological management strategies have been proposed to mitigate conflict-prone areas and alleviate thermal stress,thereby providing important guidance for promoting harmonious development between humans and nature.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,Nos.32271043(to ZW)and 82171047(to YM)the both Science and Technology Major Project of Shanghai,No.2018SHZDZX01 and ZJLabShanghai Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Technology(to ZW)。
文摘Downregulation of the inwardly rectifying potassium channel Kir4.1 is a key step for inducing retinal Müller cell activation and interaction with other glial cells,which is involved in retinal ganglion cell apoptosis in glaucoma.Modulation of Kir4.1 expression in Müller cells may therefore be a potential strategy for attenuating retinal ganglion cell damage in glaucoma.In this study,we identified seven predicted phosphorylation sites in Kir4.1 and constructed lentiviral expression systems expressing Kir4.1 mutated at each site to prevent phosphorylation.Following this,we treated Müller glial cells in vitro and in vivo with the m Glu R I agonist DHPG to induce Kir4.1 or Kir4.1 Tyr^(9)Asp overexpression.We found that both Kir4.1 and Kir4.1 Tyr^(9)Asp overexpression inhibited activation of Müller glial cells.Subsequently,we established a rat model of chronic ocular hypertension by injecting microbeads into the anterior chamber and overexpressed Kir4.1 or Kir4.1 Tyr^(9)Asp in the eye,and observed similar results in Müller cells in vivo as those seen in vitro.Both Kir4.1 and Kir4.1 Tyr^(9)Asp overexpression inhibited Müller cell activation,regulated the balance of Bax/Bcl-2,and reduced the m RNA and protein levels of pro-inflammatory factors,including interleukin-1βand tumor necrosis factor-α.Furthermore,we investigated the regulatory effects of Kir4.1 and Kir4.1 Tyr^(9)Asp overexpression on the release of pro-inflammatory factors in a co-culture system of Müller glial cells and microglia.In this co-culture system,we observed elevated adenosine triphosphate concentrations in activated Müller cells,increased levels of translocator protein(a marker of microglial activation),and elevated interleukin-1βm RNA and protein levels in microglia induced by activated Müller cells.These changes could be reversed by Kir4.1 and Kir4.1 Tyr^(9)Asp overexpression in Müller cells.Kir4.1 overexpression,but not Kir4.1 Tyr^(9)Asp overexpression,reduced the number of proliferative and migratory microglia induced by activated Müller cells.Collectively,these results suggest that the tyrosine residue at position nine in Kir4.1 may serve as a functional modulation site in the retina in an experimental model of glaucoma.Kir4.1 and Kir4.1 Tyr^(9)Asp overexpression attenuated Müller cell activation,reduced ATP/P2X receptor–mediated interactions between glial cells,inhibited microglial activation,and decreased the synthesis and release of pro-inflammatory factors,consequently ameliorating retinal ganglion cell apoptosis in glaucoma.
基金Supported by the Science and Technology Cooperation and Exchange special project of Cooperation of Shanxi Province(202404041101014)the Fundamental Research Program of Shanxi Province(202403021212333)+3 种基金the Joint Funds of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(U24A20555)the Lvliang Key R&D of University-Local Cooperation(2023XDHZ10)the Initiation Fund for Doctoral Research of Taiyuan University of Science and Technology(20242026)the Outstanding Doctor Funding Award of Shanxi Province(20242080).
文摘To elucidate the effect of calcite-regulated activated carbon(AC)structure on low-temperature denitrification performance of SCR catalysts,this work prepared a series of Mn-Ce/De-AC-xCaCO_(3)(x is the calcite content in coal)catalysts were prepared by the incipient wetness impregnation method,followed by acid washing to remove calcium-containing minerals.Comprehensive characterization and low-temperature denitrification tests revealed that calcite-induced structural modulation of coal-derived AC significantly enhances catalytic activity.Specifically,NO conversion increased from 88.3%of Mn-Ce/De-AC to 91.7%of Mn-Ce/De-AC-1CaCO_(3)(210℃).The improved SCR denitrification activity results from the enhancement of physicochemical properties including higher Mn^(4+)content and Ce^(4+)/Ce^(3+)ratio,an abundance of chemisorbed oxygen and acidic sites,which could strengthen the SCR reaction pathways(richer NH_(3)activated species and bidentate nitrate active species).Therefore,NO removal is enhanced.
文摘BACKGROUND:Hemiplegia,a prevalent stroke-related condition,is often studied for motor dysfunction;however,spasticity remains under-researched.Abnormal muscle tone significantly hinders hemiplegic patients’walking recovery.OBJECTIVE:To determine whether early suspension-protected training with a personal assistant machine for stroke patients enhances walking ability and prevents muscle spasms.METHODS:Thirty-two early-stage stroke patients from Shenzhen University General Hospital and the China Rehabilitation Research Center were randomly assigned to the experimental group(n=16)and the control group(n=16).Both groups underwent 4 weeks of gait training under the suspension protection system for 30 minutes daily,5 days a week.The experimental group used the personal assistant machine during training.Three-dimensional gait analysis(using the Cortex motion capture system),Brunnstrom staging,Fugl-Meyer Assessment for lower limb motor function,Fugl-Meyer balance function,and the modified Ashworth Scale were evaluated within 1 week before the intervention and after 4 weeks of intervention.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:After the 4-week intervention,all outcome measures showed significant changes in each group.The experimental group had a small but significant increase in the modified Ashworth Scale score(P<0.05,d=|0.15|),while the control group had a large significant increase(P<0.05,d=|1.48|).The experimental group demonstrated greater improvements in walking speed(16.5 to 38.44 cm/s,P<0.05,d=|4.01|),step frequency(46.44 to 64.94 steps/min,P<0.05,d=|2.32|),stride length(15.50 to 29.81 cm,P<0.05,d=|3.44|),and peak hip and knee flexion(d=|1.82|to|2.17|).After treatment,the experimental group showed significantly greater improvements than the control group in walking speed(38.44 vs.26.63 cm/s,P<0.05,d=|2.75|),stride length,peak hip and knee flexion(d=|1.31|to|1.45|),step frequency(64.94 vs.59.38 steps/min,P<0.05,d=|0.85|),and a reduced support phase(bilateral:24.31%vs.28.38%,P<0.05,d=|0.88|;non-paretic:66.19%vs.70.13%,P<0.05,d=|0.94|).For early hemiplegia,personal assistant machine-assisted gait training under the suspension protection system helps establish a correct gait pattern,prevents muscle spasms,and improves motor function.
文摘Passiflora incarnata L.,commonly known as passionflower,is traditionally cultivated as an ornamental plant but has demonstrated diverse therapeutic potential.Its pharmacological effects are attributed to bioactive compounds such as flavonoids and alkaloids,which influence multiple biological pathways.This review aims to summarise and critically analyse recent findings on the pharmacological properties of Passiflora incarnata L.,focusing on its neuropsychiatric,antioxidant,antimicrobial,and anticancer activities.A targeted literature search was conducted in PubMed,Scopus,Web of Science,and Google Scholar for peer-reviewed publications between 2000 to 2025.Relevant articles were screened,and a more appropriate article related to the objective of the review was selected.Some classical papers are also cited as per the requirement of the topic.Passiflora incarnata L.showed multifunctional medicinal properties with various applications in neuropsychiatry,oxidative stress management,antimicrobial agent,and as an anticancer agent.The U.S.Food and Drug Administration categorizes passionflower extracts as“generally recognized as safe”.However,most evidence remains preclinical,with methodological variation limiting generalisation.Standardised formulation,robust clinical trials,and in-depth in vivo studies are essential to establish its therapeutic relevance and safety in modern medicine.
文摘Rationale:This case report describes a couple with recurrent fertilization failure despite undergoing multiple cycles of intracytoplasmic sperm injection(ICSI).The principal clinical concern was suspected oocyte activation deficiency(OAD),in which fertilization is impeded due to the oocyte’s inability to initiate embryogenesis,commonly attributed to inadequate intracellular calcium(Ca^(2+))release following sperm injection.Patient concerns:The couple repeatedly experienced complete or near-complete fertilization failure in previous ICSI cycles,raising suspicion of an underlying oocyte activation defect.Diagnosis:Based on the repeated absence of fertilization post-ICSI and clinical history,a diagnosis of suspected OAD leading to recurrent ICSI fertilization failure was considered.Interventions:Artificial oocyte activation(AOA)using the calcium ionophore A23187 was performed.After ICSI,unfertilized oocytes were exposed to the ionophore to induce Ca^(2+)influx,simulating physiological calcium oscillations essential for oocyte activation.The efficacy of intervention was evaluated through subsequent embryonic development,morphological grading,and chromosomal integrity.Outcomes:Following AOA treatment,successful oocyte activation occurred,resulting in the formation of high-grade embryos with normal developmental progression.Chromosomal analysis revealed no detectable abnormalities,indicating genomic stability.Lessons:Calcium ionophore–mediated AOA may serve as an effective adjunct in cases of recurrent ICSI failure attributed to OAD.This case highlights the importance of individualized therapeutic strategies in assisted reproduction;however,further research is needed to refine protocols,validate broader clinical efficacy,and assess long-term safety,including potential epigenetic risks.
文摘BACKGROUND Postoperative delirium(POD)is a common and serious complication in surgical patients,particularly older adults.Alterations in cholinergic function have been implicated in its pathophysiology.AIM To evaluate the association between preoperative serum cholinesterase(ChE)activity—specifically butyrylcholinesterase(BuChE)and acetylcholinesterase(AChE)—and the risk of POD in adult surgical patients in a meta-analysis.METHODS A systematic search was conducted in PubMed,EMBASE,and Web of Science up to March 28,2025 for studies reporting preoperative serum BuChE or AChE activity in relation to subsequent POD incidence.Standardized mean differences(SMDs)and odds ratios(ORs)with 95%confidence intervals(CIs)were pooled using random-effects models.Subgroup and sensitivity analyses were performed based on follow-up duration and analytic models.RESULTS Thirteen studies(n=2730 patients)were included.Patients who developed POD had significantly lower preoperative BuChE activity than those who did not(SMD=-0.28;95%CI:-0.39 to-0.16;I²=18%).Higher BuChE activity was associated with a reduced risk of POD(OR per 100 unit increment=0.97;95%CI:0.95-0.99;I2=0%).In contrast,pooled AChE activity did not differ significantly between POD and non-POD groups(SMD=-0.25;95%CI:-0.53 to 0.03;P=0.08;I2=80%),and the ORs per 1 unit increment in AChE activity were not statistically significant(OR=0.98;95%CI:0.95-1.01).CONCLUSION Lower preoperative serum BuChE activity is associated with an increased risk of POD in adults undergoing surgery.BuChE activity may serve as a potential preoperative biomarker for POD risk stratification.
基金supported by the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology(FCT)under the scope of the strategic funding of UIDB/04469/2020 unit and by the CM4Methane project(Ref:PTDC/BTA-BTA/2249/2021,DOI 10.54499/PTDC/BTABTA/2249/2021)FCT and European Union(EU),through the Portuguese State Budget and the European Social Fund under the scope of Norte2020-Programa Operacional Regional do Norte,also funded the SFRH/BD/132003/2017 and COVID/BD/152431/2022 grants held by Cátia S.N.Braga.,and the SFRH/BD/147271/2019 grant held by João C.Sequeira.M.SaloméDuarte acknowledges FCT for the Junior Research contract obtained under the scope of the Scientific Stimulus Employment 2022(ref:2022.06569.CEECIND/CP1718/CT0004,doi:https://doi.org/10.54499/2022.06569.CEECIND/CP1718/CT0004)PhD M.Fernando R.Pereira and PhD O.SaloméG.Soares from the Laboratory of Separation and Reaction Engineering-Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials,Faculty of Engineering(University of Porto),for providing the AC used in this study.
文摘Conductive materials(CM)can improve methane production(MP)efficiency in many methanogenic systems.However,several types of CM exist,and there are uncertainties regarding whether they all improve MP efficiency to the same extent and modulate microbial communities in a similar way.To investigate that,different microbial enrichments with and without activated carbon(AC),magnetite(Mag),and zeolites(Zeo)(at 0.5 g/L)were developed.MP profiles and microbial composition changes were compared among enrichments.The behavior of all enrichments was different,although the initial inoculum sludge was the same.Lag phase duration was lower in AC enrichment,while the complete conversion of butyrate to methane was faster in Mag enrichment.Syntrophomonas was the most abundant bacterial genus in all enrichments,but changes in the methanogenic community were evident.Acetoclastic methanogens were more diverse in Mag enrichment,with microorganisms assigned to Methanosarcina and Methanothrix gener1,but Methanothrix was the only acetoclastic methanogen in the other enrichments.On the other hand,different species of hydrogenotrophic methanogens prevailed in distinct enrichments.The metatranscriptomics results revealed that the dominant mechanism of interspecies electron transfer in the AC enrichment utilized hydrogen as the electron carrier,and no evidences of direct interspecies electron transfer(DIET)could be found.These results showed how different CM modulate microbial communities and affect MP efficiency through mechanisms that do not necessarily involve DIET or mediation via CM.
基金funded by the State Key Laboratory Special Fund(2060204)Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences(2023-I2M-2-001)Strengthen Capacity of Study and Application on the Burden of Disease in Health Care Systems in China:Establishment and Development of Chinese Burden of Disease Research and Dissemination Center(15-208)supported by the China Medical Board(CMB)。
文摘Objective Stroke is the third leading cause of death worldwide,with the highest incidence in Asia,particularly in China,where smoking remains a major risk factor.The smoking prevalence in China is similar to that in Asia.Whether the risk estimates for smoking-related stroke in China and all Asian countries are still unknown which is worth evaluating.Thus,this study aims to compare the Relative Risk(RR)of smoking-attributed stroke among the Chinese and Asian populations.Methods A literature search was conducted from the inception to September 10,2022.Studies meeting the criteria were included.The articles were screened,and related information was extracted.Pooled RRs stratified by smoking status and sex were analyzed,including subgroup analyses for China,other Asian countries,and Asia overall.Finally,publication bias and sensitivity analyses were conducted.Results Thirty-seven articles on the Chinese population and 15 on other Asian populations were included,with a mean Newcastle-Ottawa scale(NOS)score of 7.25.About ever smokers,there had no statistical difference existed in both sexes and females between China and other Asian countries,while the RR of males in other Asian countries[2.31(1.38,3.86)]was higher than that in China[1.21(1.15,1.26)];further subgroup analysis indicated that other Asian countries had higher RR[3.76(3.02,4.67)]in the morbidity subgroup.The RRs of both sexes,males and females,between China and the whole of Asia were not statistically different.As for current and former smokers,no meaningful statistical difference was observed in the pooled RRs of both sexes,males and females,in China,other Asian countries,and all of Asia.Conclusion The RR of males ever smokers in China was smaller than that in other Asian countries due to the few articles of morbidity subgroup,but had no statistical difference with the whole of Asia;other groups of ever smokers,current smokers,and former smokers were not statistically significant with other Asian countries or the whole of Asia.
基金Supported by Provincial Key Research Project of Henan Province,No.232102310081.
文摘BACKGROUND Major depressive disorder(MDD)and obesity(OB)are bidirectionally comorbid conditions with common neurobiological underpinnings.However,the neurocognitive mechanisms of their comorbidity remain poorly understood.AIM To examine regional abnormalities in spontaneous brain activity among patients with MDD-OB comorbidity.METHODS This study adopted a regional homogeneity(ReHo)analysis of resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging.The study included 149 hospital patients divided into four groups:Patients experiencing their first episode of drug-naive MDD with OB,patients with MDD without OB,and age-and sex-matched healthy individuals with and without OB.Whole-brain ReHo analysis was conducted using SPM12 software and RESTplus toolkits,with group comparisons via ANOVA and post-hoc tests.Correlations between ReHo values and behavioral measures were examined.RESULTS ANOVA revealed significant whole-brain ReHo differences among the four groups in four key regions:The left middle temporal gyrus(MTG.L),right cuneus,left precuneus,and left thalamus.Post-hoc analyses confirmed pairwise differences between all groups across these regions(P<0.05).OB was associated with ReHo alterations in the MTG.L,right cuneus,and left thalamus,whereas abnormalities in the precuneus suggested synergistic pathological mechanisms between MDD and OB.Statistically significant correlations were found between the drive and fun-seeking dimensions of the behavioral activation system,as well as behavioral inhibition and the corresponding ReHo values.CONCLUSION Our findings provide novel evidence for the neuroadaptive mechanisms underlying the MDD-OB comorbidity.Further validation could lead to personalized interventions targeting MTG.L hyperactivity and targeting healthy food cues.
文摘Ruscogenin,a steroidal sapogenin,is primarily derived from the genus Ruscus.It demonstrates a wide range of pharmacological actions that hold substantial promise for therapeutic use.By conducting a comprehensive examination of electronic databases including PubMed,ScienceDirect,and SciFinder,we identified studies on ruscogenin to date.This review aims at emphasizing the findings related to the bioactivities of ruscogenin,particularly its protective activities in neurological and inflammatory disorders,hemorrhoids,and cancer.Ruscogenin has been demonstrated to possess anti-ulcer,anti-osteoporotic,and skin-lightening properties as a therapeutic agent.It has also been proven effective in managing metabolic disorders by reducing inflammation and improving lipid metabolism,particularly in conditions such as non-alcoholic steatohepatitis and diabetic nephropathy.Reports indicate that it can prevent acute lung injury by protecting pulmonary endothelial cells from apoptosis and modulating inflammatory cytokines.Additionally,ruscogenin promotes neurological recovery by mitigating oxidative stress.It also shows anti-cancer properties,leading to apoptosis and hindering metastasis,particularly in pancreatic and hepatocellular carcinoma.This review summarizes the potential medical applications of ruscogenin and underscores the need for further research on its mechanisms of action.
基金supported by the Jilin Science and Technology Development Talent Special Project,Nos.20240601086RC,23JQ08(all to ZH)YDZJ202502CXJD077+1 种基金JLARS-2025-0802-09YDZJ202501ZYTS706.
文摘Population aging is one of the common challenges in the current world.As people age,the body’s tissues including cells,and molecules inevitably degrade,and their functions gradually decline,causing various age-related diseases like Alzheimer’s disease,osteoporosis,low immunity,glucose and lipid metabolism disorders,and cardiovascular diseases.With the continuous increase of the elderly population,the pressure on the medical industry is increasing.To lower the burden on the medical industry and increase the average age of the elderly,it is vital to explore effective anti-aging materials.Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma(Renshen),as a traditional and precious Chinese medicinal herb,is known as the“king of all herbs”.It is famous for its effects of“tonifying Qi,restoring pulse”(helping with the generation of Qi(the fundamental,vital energy that continuously flows within the body)and the circulation of blood)and strengthening the body,nourishing the spleen and lungs,generating fluids and nourishing blood,calming the mind and improving intelligence.Recently,its anti-aging effect has received increasing attention from modern scientific research.This study summarizes the pharmacological effects of the main active ingredients of Renshen(ginsenosides,polysaccharides,etc.)on resisting aging,including preventing neuroaging,suppressing skin aging,mitigating ovarian aging,inhibiting osteoporosis and arthritis,enhancing the immune system of the elderly,protecting the cardiovascular system,resisting aging-induced fatigue and exerting the anti-tumor effects.Through network pharmacology and molecular docking,the anti-aging active ingredients of Renshen were screened,and the key targets and pathways of anti-aging active ingredients in Renshen were determined.Using network pharmacology,totally 106 drug targets and 3,479 disease targets were screened,and 79 common targets between aging and Renshen were identified.Three core targets were identified in the PPI network,including TNF,AKT1,and IL-1β.Molecular docking was used to obtain further verification.This study emphasizes the potential of Renshen as a source of anti-aging activity,which can be developed into a novel drug for the treatment of age-related diseases.
基金supported by the Health Commission of Hubei Province scientific research project(No.WJ2021M143)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.413000714)+2 种基金the Research Fund of Anhui Institute of translational medicine(No.2023zhyx-C61)the Research Fund Project of Anhui Medical University(No.2022xkj148)Hubei Society of Pathology General Project(No.2025HBAP013).
文摘Epilepsy is a complex neurological disorder aggravated by chronic neuroinflammation largely driven by reactive astrocytes.These cells promote epileptogenesis through persistent cytokine secretion and glial scar formation.Current antiepileptic drugs remain ineffective in targeting these mechanisms due to limited blood-brain barrier(BBB)permeability and poor astrocytic specificity.A transferrin-functionalized biomimetic nanotherapeutic loaded with resveratrol(RN@RTA)was developed to regulate astrocyte-mediated inflammation by activating sirtuin 1(SIRT1)and suppressing the mitogen-activated protein kinase/nuclear factor Kappalight-chain-enhancer of activated B cells(MAPK/NF-κB)axis.Using in vitro BBB models,primary astrocytes,and a pilocarpine-induced chronic epilepsy mouse model,we evaluated the capacity of RN@RTA to cross the BBB,inhibit inflammatory signaling,and reduce seizure activity.Mechanistic assays included immunoprecipitation of NF-κB complexes,cytokine quantification,RNA sequencing,and histopathological assessments of glial and synaptic markers.RN@RTA achieved 82%uptake by hippocampal astrocytes and significantly reduced Il6,Tnf-α,and Nlrp3 expression.SIRT1 activation disrupted the NF-κB p65/p300 complex,leading to transcriptional repression of inflammatory genes and enhancement of autophagy.In vivo,seizure frequency decreased by 67%,synaptic structure was preserved,and astrogliosis was markedly alleviated.The findings demonstrate a dual regulatory mechanism in which RN@RTA suppresses neuroinflammatory signaling and restores neural homeostasis,offering a promising molecularly targeted approach for refractory epilepsy.
基金partially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.11804120,61827822,and 22275072)Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(No.2023A1515030209)+1 种基金Research Projects from Guangzhou(Nos.2023A03J0018 and 2024A04J3712)Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.21623412).
文摘Fiber-structured ion sensors have gained traction in health monitoring and medical diagnostics owing to their structural flexibility,enhanced sensitivity,and suitability for integration into wearable devices.This study employed a simple and efficient solutionbased process to fabricate nanofibers containing aggregation-induced emission(AIE)dyes.The resulting AIE nanofibers exhibited stable and intense fluorescence,nanosecond fluorescence lifetime,and low-loss light transport when functioning as active waveguides.Additionally,crossed nanofiber intersections exhibited diffraction-limited emission spots.The AIE nanofibers demonstrate efficient and ionspecific fluorescence quenching in response to Ag^(+).These results support the development of sensing units capable of operating in liquid environments or in direct contact with skin or tissues,facilitating real-time monitoring of ion concentrations for personalized healthcare management.
基金funding from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.U2442210 and 42275059)supported by funding from Chengdu University of Information Technology(Grant No.X202310621039).
文摘The January 2022 eruption of Hunga injected unprecedented volumes of water vapor(150 Tg)and modest sulfur dioxide(SO_(2))into the stratosphere,producing accelerated sulfate aerosol formation in the early plume.As the aerosols gradually spread into the global stratosphere,the role of water vapor,among other factors in the spread and residence time of the sulfate aerosols,remained unclear.We used multisatellite observations to better understand the role of water vapor in the spread and lifetime of Hunga volcanic aerosols.Stratospheric circulation transported the plumes to~26 km within the polar vortices-the Antarctic by August 2022 and the Arctic by January 2023-with the arrival of aerosols lagging behind that of water vapor by months.Even though high injection altitudes(58 km)and strong Brewer-Dobson circulation contributed to prolonging the residence time of aerosols,the water vapor enhanced particle growth and thus accelerated gravitational settling,with the half lifetime of aerosols being 14 months.Our analysis revealed a critical trade-off:after the eruption of the Hunga volcano,an extremely high injection height and strong upward motion slowed the removal of aerosols,but extreme water vapor loading still had a certain impact on the half lifetime of the aerosols.These findings highlight the role of water vapor in the persistence of aerosols from submarine eruptions.
文摘Peroxymonosulfate(PMS)-assisted visible-light photocatalytic degradation of organic pollutants using graphitic carbon nitride(g-C_(3)N_(4))presents a promising and environmentally friendly approach.However,pristine g-C_(3)N_(4) suffers from limited visible-light absorption and low charge-carrier mobility.In this study,a phosphorus-doped tubular carbon nitride(5P-TCN)was synthesized via a precursor self-assembly method using phosphoric acid and melamine as raw materials,eliminating the need for organic solvents or templates.The 5P-TCN catalyst demonstrated enhanced visible-light absorption,improved charge transfer capability,and a 5.25-fold increase in specific surface area(31.092 m^(2)/g),which provided abundant active sites to efficiently drive the PMS-assisted photocatalytic reaction.The 5P-TCN/vis/PMS system exhibited exceptional degradation performance for organic pollutants across a broad pH range(3–9),achieving over 92%degradation of Rhodamine B(RhB)within 15 min.Notably,the system retained>98%RhB degradation efficiency after three consecutive operational cycles,demonstrating robust operational stability and reusability.Moreover,key parameters influencing,active radi-cals,degradation pathways,and potential mechanisms for RhB degradation were systematically investigated.This work proposes a green and cost-effective strategy for developing high-efficiency photocatalysts,while demon-strating the exceptional capability of a PMS-assisted photocatalytic system for rapid degradation of RhB.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.22406081,22276086,22306086)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangxi Province(No.20232BAB213029),all of which are greatly acknowledged by the authors.
文摘Fenton-like technology based on peroxymonosulfate activation has shown great potential in refractory organics degradation.In this work,single Fe atom catalysts were synthesized through facile ball milling and exhibited very high performance in peroxymonosulfate activation.The Fe single-atom filled an N vacancy on the triazine ring edge of C_(3)N_(4),as confirmed through X-ray absorption fine structure,density functional calculation and elec-tron paramagnetic resonance.The SAFe_(0.4)–C_(3)N_(4)/PMS system could completely remove phenol(20 mg/L)within 10 min and its first-order kinetic constant was 12.3 times that of the Fe_(3)O_(4)/PMS system.Under different ini-tial pH levels and in various anionic environments,SAFe_(0.4)–C_(3)N_(4) still demonstrated excellent catalytic activity,achieving a removal rate of over 90%for phenol within 12 min.In addition,SAFe_(0.4)–C_(3)N_(4) exhibited outstanding selectivity in reaction systems with different pollutants,showing excellent degradation effects on electron-rich pollutants only.Hydroxyl radicals(•OH),singlet oxygen(1O_(2))and high-valent iron oxide(Fe(Ⅳ)=O)were de-tected in the SAFe_(0.4)–C_(3)N_(4)/PMS system through free radical capture experiments.Further experiments on the quenching of active species and a methyl phenyl sulfoxide probe confirmed that 1O_(2) and Fe(Ⅳ)=O played dom-inant roles.Additionally,the change in the current response after adding PMS and phenol in succession proved that a direct electron transfer path between organic matter and the catalyst surface was unlikely to exist in the SAFe_(0.4)–C_(3)N_(4)/PMS/Phenol degradation system.This study provides a new demonstration of the catalytic mech-anism of single-atom catalysts.
基金funded by the Deanship of Scientific Research at King Abdulaziz University,Jeddah,under Grant No.G:534-140-1443.
文摘Objective:To evaluate the effects of a piceatannol-loaded self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery system(PIC-SNEDDS)on wound healing in diabetic rats and its mechanisms of wound healing action.Methods:Diabetes was induced in rats using streptozotocin,after which full-thickness excisional wounds were created.Piceatannol was administered topically either as a raw hydrogel or formulated into a PIC-SNEDDS,which was prepared using an optimized oil-surfactant mixture and incorporated into a hydrogel for application.Wound healing activity was assessed through measurements of wound contraction,oxidative stress biomarkers,and collagen content,along with histological and immunohistochemical evaluation of inflammatory,angiogenic,and remodeling markers.Results:PIC-SNEDDS markedly enhanced diabetic wound healing by promoting epithelial regeneration,granulation tissue formation,epidermal proliferation,and keratinization.The formulation also reduced the expression of pro-inflammatory markers(interleukin-6,nuclear factor-kappa B,and tumor necrosis factor-α)while increasingα-smooth muscle actin,transforming growth factor-β1,vascular endothelial growth factor-A,and hydroxyproline levels.Additionally,it improved antioxidant status by lowering malondialdehyde levels and boosting superoxide dismutase and catalase activity,along with upregulation of COL1A1 mRNA expression.Conclusions:PIC-SNEDDS promotes the healing of diabetic wounds and exhibits anti-inflammatory,antioxidant,pro-collagen,and angiogenic properties.
文摘Introduction:The choice is no longer whether—but when and how!Today,organizations can no longer choose whether or not to engage with stakeholders;the only real decision is when and how to do it successfully.Engaging stakeholders is essential for any type of organization,public,private,or civil society.In fact,it is a fundamental part of effective governance,continuous improvement,and social responsibility.The principle behind stakeholder engagement is simple yet powerful:those who can influence or be affected by an organization's mission must be given the opportunity to express their views and contribute to shaping the decisions that impact them.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2022YFF1301301)the Natural Science Foundation of Xiamen Municipality(No.3502Z202472047)the Geological Survey Program of China Geological Survey(DD20190303).
文摘To address the deficiencies in comprehensive surface contamination prevention strategies within China's nitrate-affected regions,this research innovatively proposes the DITAPH model-a systematic framework integrating groundwater nitrate vulnerability assessment and Nitrate Vulnerable Zones(NVZs)delineation through optimization of hydrogeological parameters.Based on detailed hydrogeological and hydrochemical investigations,the DITAPH model was applied in the plain areas of Quanzhou to evaluate its applicability.The model selected hydrogeological parameters(depth of groundwater,lithology of the vadose zone,topographic slope,aquifer water yield property),one climatic parameter(precipitation),and two anthropogenic parameters(land use type and population density)as assessment indicators.The results of the groundwater nitrate vulnerability assessment showed that the low,relatively low,relatively high,and high groundwater nitrate vulnerability zones in the study area accounted for 5.96%,35.44%,53.74%and 4.86%of the total area,respectively.Groundwater nitrate vulnerability was most strongly influenced by human activities,followed by groundwater depth and topographic slope.The high vulnerability zone is mainly affected by domestic and industrial wastewater,whereas the relatively high groundwater nitrate vulnerability zone is primarily influenced by agricultural activities.Validation of the DITAPH model revealed a significant positive correlation between the DITAPH index(DI)and nitrate concentration(ρ(NO3−)).The results of the NVZs delineated by the DITAPH model are reliable and can serve as a tool for water resource management planning,guiding the development of targeted measures in the NVZs to prevent groundwater contamination.
基金Shanxi Province Graduate Research Practice Innovation Project,No.2023KY465Project on the Reform of Graduate Education and Teaching in Shanxi Province,No.2021YJJG146+1 种基金Research Project of Shanxi Provincial Cultural Relics Bureau,No.22-8-14-1400-119National Key R&D Program of China,No.2021YFB3901300。
文摘Human activities have significantly impacted the land surface temperature(LST),endangering human health;however,the relationship between these two factors has not been adequately quantified.This study comprehensively constructs a Human Activity Intensity(HAI)index and employs the Maximal Information Coefficient,four-quadrant model,and XGBoostSHAP model to investigate the spatiotemporal relationship and influencing factors of HAI-LST in the Yellow River Basin(YRB)from 2000 to 2020.The results indicated that from 2000 to 2020,as HAI and LST increased,the static HAI-LST relationship in the YRB showed a positive correlation that continued to strengthen.This dynamic relationship exhibited conflicting development,with the proportion of coordinated to conflicting regions shifting from 1:4 to 1:2,indicating a reduction in conflict intensity.Notably,only the degree of conflict in the source area decreased significantly,whereas it intensified in the upper and lower reaches.The key factors influencing the HAI-LST relationship include fractional vegetation cover,slope,precipitation,and evapotranspiration,along with region-specific factors such as PM_(2.5),biodiversity,and elevation.Based on these findings,region-specific ecological management strategies have been proposed to mitigate conflict-prone areas and alleviate thermal stress,thereby providing important guidance for promoting harmonious development between humans and nature.
