Smart card-automated fare collection systems now routinely record large volumes of data comprising the origins and destinations of travelers.Processing and analyzing these data open new opportunities in urban modeling...Smart card-automated fare collection systems now routinely record large volumes of data comprising the origins and destinations of travelers.Processing and analyzing these data open new opportunities in urban modeling and travel behavior research.This study seeks to develop an accurate framework for the study of urban mobility from smart card data by developing a heuristic primary location model to identify the home and work locations.The model uses journey counts as an indicator of usage regularity,visit-frequency to identify activity locations for regular commuters,and stay-time for the classification of work and home locations and activities.London is taken as a case study,and the model results were validated against survey data from the London Travel Demand Survey and volunteer survey.Results demonstrate that the proposed model is able to detect meaningful home and work places with high precision.This study offers a new and cost-effective approach to travel behavior and demand research.展开更多
Activity is now playing a vital role in software processes. To ensure the high-level efficiency of software processes, a key point is to locate those activities that own bigger resource occupation probabilities with r...Activity is now playing a vital role in software processes. To ensure the high-level efficiency of software processes, a key point is to locate those activities that own bigger resource occupation probabilities with respect to average execution time, called delayed activities, and then improve them. To this end, we firstly propose an approach to locating delayed activities in software processes. Furthermore, we present a case study, which exhibits the high-level efficiency of the approach, to concretely illustrate this new solution. Some beneficial analysis and reasonable modification are developed in the end.展开更多
The emerging of ultrasmall gold nanoparticles(nanoclusters)with atomic precision provides opportunities for precisely studying crystalline−amorphous heterostructures,despite the construction of such structures being c...The emerging of ultrasmall gold nanoparticles(nanoclusters)with atomic precision provides opportunities for precisely studying crystalline−amorphous heterostructures,despite the construction of such structures being challenging.In this work,we developed an acid-induction method and synthesized a Au_(52)(TBBT)_(30)(TBBTH=4-tert-butylbenzenelthiol)nanocluster with the kernel composed of two parts:the amorphous Au_(22)part and the fcc Au_(21)part,which represents the first construction of fcc-amorphous homometal heterojunction with∼1 nm size.Density function theory(DFT)revealed that the HOMO−LUMO majorly distributed in the amorphous part and the HOMO−LUMO gap was dominated by the amorphous part,indicating the redox activity of the amorphous Au_(22)part in contrast to the fcc Au_(21)part,which was experimentally confirmed by differential pulse voltammetry,antioxidation test and anti-Galvanic reaction.But for electro-catalyzing reduction of CO_(2)to CO,the crystalline surface sites were revealed to be more catalytically active than the amorphous surface sites in catalyzing the reduction of CO_(2)to CO,and the most active sites were assigned to the cosurface sites of amorphous Au_(22)and fcc Au_(21),which is also responsible for the high performance of Au_(52)(TBBT)_(30)relative to the pure fcc-structured Au_(52)(TBBT)_(32)(the highest CO FE:96.7%at−0.67 V vs 73.3%at−0.57 V;CO partial current density at the corresponding potential:−7.3 vs−2.7 mA cm^(−2)).展开更多
基金This work was funded by the Economic and Social Research Council(ESRC)in the United Kingdom[grant number 1477365].
文摘Smart card-automated fare collection systems now routinely record large volumes of data comprising the origins and destinations of travelers.Processing and analyzing these data open new opportunities in urban modeling and travel behavior research.This study seeks to develop an accurate framework for the study of urban mobility from smart card data by developing a heuristic primary location model to identify the home and work locations.The model uses journey counts as an indicator of usage regularity,visit-frequency to identify activity locations for regular commuters,and stay-time for the classification of work and home locations and activities.London is taken as a case study,and the model results were validated against survey data from the London Travel Demand Survey and volunteer survey.Results demonstrate that the proposed model is able to detect meaningful home and work places with high precision.This study offers a new and cost-effective approach to travel behavior and demand research.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.61462091)High-tech Industrial Development Program of Yunnan Province(No.1956,in 2012)+2 种基金New Academic Researcher Award for Doctoral Candidates of Yunnan Province of China(No.ynu201414)Natural Science Youth Foundation of Yunnan Province of China(No.2014FD006)the Postgraduates Science Foundation of Yunnan University(No.ynuy201424)
文摘Activity is now playing a vital role in software processes. To ensure the high-level efficiency of software processes, a key point is to locate those activities that own bigger resource occupation probabilities with respect to average execution time, called delayed activities, and then improve them. To this end, we firstly propose an approach to locating delayed activities in software processes. Furthermore, we present a case study, which exhibits the high-level efficiency of the approach, to concretely illustrate this new solution. Some beneficial analysis and reasonable modification are developed in the end.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.22373082,22471275,21905284,21829501,21925303,22075290,22075291,92475105,U24A20480,22272179,21771186,21528303,21222301,21171170,22403096)Science and Technology Innovation Program of Hunan Province(2023RC1055)+4 种基金Hefei Institute of Physical Science,Chinese Academy of Sciences(BR-E44BGGBR12B)CASHIPS Director’s Fund(BJPY2019A02)Key Program of 13th five-year plan,CASHIPS(KP-2017-16)Collaborative Innovation Program of Hefei Center for Physical Science and Technology(2020HSC-CIP005,2022HSC-CIP018)the State Key Laboratory of Mesoscience and Engineering,Institute of Process Engineering,Chinese Academy of Sciences(MESO-24-A01)for financial support.
文摘The emerging of ultrasmall gold nanoparticles(nanoclusters)with atomic precision provides opportunities for precisely studying crystalline−amorphous heterostructures,despite the construction of such structures being challenging.In this work,we developed an acid-induction method and synthesized a Au_(52)(TBBT)_(30)(TBBTH=4-tert-butylbenzenelthiol)nanocluster with the kernel composed of two parts:the amorphous Au_(22)part and the fcc Au_(21)part,which represents the first construction of fcc-amorphous homometal heterojunction with∼1 nm size.Density function theory(DFT)revealed that the HOMO−LUMO majorly distributed in the amorphous part and the HOMO−LUMO gap was dominated by the amorphous part,indicating the redox activity of the amorphous Au_(22)part in contrast to the fcc Au_(21)part,which was experimentally confirmed by differential pulse voltammetry,antioxidation test and anti-Galvanic reaction.But for electro-catalyzing reduction of CO_(2)to CO,the crystalline surface sites were revealed to be more catalytically active than the amorphous surface sites in catalyzing the reduction of CO_(2)to CO,and the most active sites were assigned to the cosurface sites of amorphous Au_(22)and fcc Au_(21),which is also responsible for the high performance of Au_(52)(TBBT)_(30)relative to the pure fcc-structured Au_(52)(TBBT)_(32)(the highest CO FE:96.7%at−0.67 V vs 73.3%at−0.57 V;CO partial current density at the corresponding potential:−7.3 vs−2.7 mA cm^(−2)).
