Background：Relatively few studies on the peripheral sweating mechanisms of trained tennis athletes have been conducted.The purpose of this study was to compare the sweating capacities of tennis athletes against untra...Background：Relatively few studies on the peripheral sweating mechanisms of trained tennis athletes have been conducted.The purpose of this study was to compare the sweating capacities of tennis athletes against untrained subjects（controls）.Methods：Thirty-fi e healthy male volunteers participated including 15 untrained subjects and 20 trained tennis athletes（nationally ranked）.Active heat generation was performed for 30 min（running at 60%VO2max） in a climate chamber（temperature,25.0°C ± 0.5°C;relative humidity,60% ± 3%,termed active heating）.Sweating data（local sweat onset time,local sweat volume,activated sweat glands,sweat output per gland,whole body sweat loss volume） were measured by the capacitance hygrometer-ventilated capsule method and starch-iodide paper.Mean body temperature was calculated from tympanic and skin temperatures.Results：Local sweat onset time was shorter for tennis athletes（p〈0.001）.Local sweat volume,activated sweat glands of the torso and limbs,sweat output per gland,and whole body sweat loss volume were significant y higher for tennis athletes than control subjects after active heating（p〈0.001）.Tympanic and mean body temperatures were lower among tennis athletes than controls（p〈0.05）.Conclusion：These results indicate that tennis athletes had increased regulatory capacity of their sweat gland function.展开更多
The actively heated fiber-optic(AHFO)technology has emerged as a frontier and hotspot in soil water content measurement,offering advantages such as easy installation,large-scale distributed measurement capability,and ...The actively heated fiber-optic(AHFO)technology has emerged as a frontier and hotspot in soil water content measurement,offering advantages such as easy installation,large-scale distributed measurement capability,and resistance to electromagnetic interference.However,current AHFO water content sensors fail to simultaneously achieve high precision,applicability for deep soil,and automated real-time monitoring,thereby limiting their development and application.Therefore,this study introduces a novel actively heated fiber Bragg grating(AH-FBG)cable.Laboratory tests were conducted to assess the heating uniformity of the AH-FBG cable and to establish the temperature characteristic value(T_(t))-soil water content(θ)calibration formula for water content measurement.Subsequently,AH-FBG cables were deployed for in situ soil water content monitoring in a test pit on the Loess Plateau.Through two-year monitoring data verified the accuracy of the AH-FBG cable and elucidated the spatiotemporal distribution of in situ loess water content.Laboratory results demonstrated superior heating uniformity of AHFBG cable,with a T_(t) standard deviation of approximately 0.3℃.In the field,the AH-FBG cable exhibited excellent performance in soil water content measurement,achieving a high accuracy of 0.023 cm^(3)/cm^(3).Further analysis revealed that the θ fluctuation predominantly occurred within a 10 m depth from the soil surface,with an overall upward trend over the two-year monitoring period;the response of shallow θ to precipitation was significant but exhibited increasing hysteresis with depth;frequent precipitation significantly enhanced water infiltration depth.This study provides technical guidance for highprecision,quasi-distributed,automated and real-time water content measurement of deep soil.展开更多
In order to explore the influence of water velocity on the heat collection performance of the active heat storage and release system for solar greenhouses,six different flow rates were selected for treatment in this e...In order to explore the influence of water velocity on the heat collection performance of the active heat storage and release system for solar greenhouses,six different flow rates were selected for treatment in this experiment.The comprehensive heat transfer coefficient of the active heat storage and release system at the heat collection stage was calculated by measuring the indoor solar radiation intensity,indoor air temperature and measured water tank temperature.The prediction model of water temperature in the heat collection stage was established,and the initial value of water temperature and the comprehensive heat transfer coefficient were input through MATLAB software.The simulated value of water temperature was compared with the measured value and the results showed that the best heat transfer effect could be achieved when the water flow speed was 1.0 m3h-1.The average relative error between the simulated water tank temperature and the measured value is 2.70-6.91%.The results indicate that the model is established correctly,and the variation trend of water temperature can be predicted according to the model in the heat collection stage.展开更多
Passive solar house technology has been spread for many farmers and herdsmen to improve the indoor thermal environment in Tibetan.However,due to lackage of fuels and arid cold in winter,dry cow dung and coal are popul...Passive solar house technology has been spread for many farmers and herdsmen to improve the indoor thermal environment in Tibetan.However,due to lackage of fuels and arid cold in winter,dry cow dung and coal are popularly fired in stove in passive solar houses,which leads to indoor air pollution and poor indoor comfort.For improving indoor thermal comfort of Tibetan,an active solar heating system which consists of 7 sets of tandem solar water heaters with 30 glass evacuated solar tubes,low temperature floor heating and circulation controller was developed and tested for a common house without insulation in Gan-nan Tibetan area.Its indoor environment was compared and evaluated by PMV-PPD and LPD method to that of the same passive solar house heated by coal stove.On sunny,cloudy and snow days,the active solar heating system provided 113.1,46.4 and 26.3 kWh of heat to room.The indoor humidity and wind speed of the experimental building were better.The indoor temperatures were 17.2-20.7,14.9-20.5 and 11.0-14.8℃,while the compared building were 8.9-14.8,10.1-12.1 and 7.2-10.5℃.The maximum temperature difference between head and ankle were 1.7,1.6 and 0.9℃,and the compared building were 4,4 and 4.7℃.The PMV-PPD on sunny day were class I and II;on cloudy day were class I,II and III;on snow day was class III.On sunny and cloudy days,the LPD were class I,on snow day was class I,II and III.The PMV-PPD and LPD for typical days of the compared building were class III.During the 179 days,the mean indoor temperature exceeded 14℃ for 81 days,the solar active heating system provided 12471 kWh of heat to room.The CO_(2) emission reduction was 12905 kg.The system’s dynamic payback period were 2.57 years.展开更多
Winter is a critical period for greenhouse crops production.Multi-source sensors were utilized to quantitatively describe the microclimate distribution patterns and the interactions between crops and greenhouse enviro...Winter is a critical period for greenhouse crops production.Multi-source sensors were utilized to quantitatively describe the microclimate distribution patterns and the interactions between crops and greenhouse environment during the winter season.By integrating 3D simulation model,we calculated the energy balance of solar greenhouses,thus assessing the suitability and economic efficiency of several common greenhouse heating devices.The results revealed significant discrepancy in energy demand across different planting areas within the greenhouse,especially in the north-south direction.Significant interactions between crops and greenhouse environment were observed.The presence of cucumber canopies significantly increased relative humidity by 3.0% to 3.8% and negatively impacted air temperature by 1.1℃ to 2.5℃.Considering the energy balance,initial investment in heating devices,usage period,and utilization effectiveness,the light tube radiators were identified as a suitable heating option.Compared to the unheated greenhouse,the heated greenhouse raised minimum temperatures by 5.2℃ to 10.2℃,reduced maximum relative humidity by 4.2% to 14.6%,and had a return-on-investment period of approximately 4.7 years.These findings offer valuable insights for multi-source sensor deployment,distributed control,structure optimization,and heating design in solar greenhouse.展开更多
Thermal management is essential in our body as it affects various bodily functions,ranging from thermal discomfort to serious organ failures,as an example of the worst-case scenario.There have been extensive studies a...Thermal management is essential in our body as it affects various bodily functions,ranging from thermal discomfort to serious organ failures,as an example of the worst-case scenario.There have been extensive studies about wearable materials and devices that augment thermoregulatory functionalities in our body,employing diverse materials and systematic approaches to attaining thermal homeostasis.This paper reviews the recent progress of functional materials and devices that contribute to thermoregulatory wearables,particularly emphasizing the strategic methodology to regulate body temperature.There exist several methods to promote personal thermal management in a wearable form.For instance,we can impede heat transfer using a thermally insulating material with extremely low thermal conductivity or directly cool and heat the skin surface.Thus,we classify many studies into two branches,passive and active thermal management modes,which are further subdivided into specific strategies.Apart from discussing the strategies and their mechanisms,we also identify the weaknesses of each strategy and scrutinize its potential direction that studies should follow to make substantial contributions to future thermal regulatory wearable industries.展开更多
Wearable thermoregulating fabrics with multi-mode temperature control are of great significance in response to extreme cold weather.Herein,a multi-mode thermoregulating thermoplastic polyurethane(TPU)/MXene fabric(TMF...Wearable thermoregulating fabrics with multi-mode temperature control are of great significance in response to extreme cold weather.Herein,a multi-mode thermoregulating thermoplastic polyurethane(TPU)/MXene fabric(TMF),integrating passive radiation/thermal insulation and active Joule/solar heating,was fabricated via simultaneous electrospinning and electrospraying.The TPU/MXene fabric exhibits passive radiation/thermal insulation performance due to the low infrared emissivity of MXene and the unique porous structure of electrospun membrane,which could prevent human heat loss through radiation and convection.Moreover,the MXene network allows for ideal electrical conductivity(1280 S·m^(−1))and high solar absorption(~93%),thus endowing the TMF with active Joule/solar heating capabilities that can intelligently warm the body in cold environments.In actual tests,the synergistic effect of passive insulation and active heating could improve skin temperature by up to 8.7–10.9℃,which is much higher than passive insulation alone(4.0℃).Additionally,the MXene conductive network provides effective electromagnetic interference(EMI)shielding ability for the thermoregulating fabric,which can be readily adjusted from 38 to 105 dB by stacking the fabric.This issue emphasizes the significant potential of multi-mode thermoregulatory fabric featuring adjustable EMI shielding for future wearable technology.展开更多
To investigate the optimum calcination temperature and cementitious properties of gangue, the microstructure of clay-containing gangue calcined at different temperatures was analyzed by X-ray diffraction （XRD）, infr...To investigate the optimum calcination temperature and cementitious properties of gangue, the microstructure of clay-containing gangue calcined at different temperatures was analyzed by X-ray diffraction （XRD）, infrared spectroscopy （IR）, and magnetic angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance （MAS NMR）. The results show that the structure of kaolinite in the gangue sample calcined at 500℃ is destroyed. The XRD spectra show the disappearance of illite at about 800℃ and the formation ofmullite at about 1000℃. With the increase in calcination temperature, octahedral （6-coordinated） aluminum is transformed to tetrahedral （4-coordinated） aluminum gradually. For the gangue sample calcined at 700℃, the 29Si MAS NMR sharp peak of Q4 （framework silicate-quartz） is left. Compared with kaolinite in gangue, the thermal transformed temperature of pure kaolinite is lagged. On the basis of the microstructure and cementitious properties of calcined gangue, the results can be concluded, in order to obtain metakaolinite, the optimum calcination temperature of this gangue is about 500℃, and the optimum temperature is about 700℃ for activated SiO2 and Al2O3.展开更多
In the field of medical images,pixel-level labels are time-consuming and expensive to acquire,while image-level labels are relatively easier to obtain.Therefore,it makes sense to learn more information(knowledge)from ...In the field of medical images,pixel-level labels are time-consuming and expensive to acquire,while image-level labels are relatively easier to obtain.Therefore,it makes sense to learn more information(knowledge)from a small number of hard-to-get pixel-level annotated images to apply to different tasks to maximize their usefulness and save time and training costs.In this paper,using Pixel-Level Labeled Images forMulti-Task Learning(PLDMLT),we focus on grading the severity of fundus images for Diabetic Retinopathy(DR).This is because,for the segmentation task,there is a finely labeled mask,while the severity grading task is without classification labels.To this end,we propose a two-stage multi-label learning weakly supervised algorithm,which generates initial classification pseudo labels in the first stage and visualizes heat maps at all levels of severity using Grad-Cam to further provide medical interpretability for the classification task.A multitask model framework with U-net as the baseline is proposed in the second stage.A label update network is designed to alleviate the gradient balance between the classification and segmentation tasks.Extensive experimental results show that our PLDMLTmethod significantly outperforms other stateof-the-art methods in DR segmentation on two public datasets,achieving up to 98.897%segmentation accuracy.In addition,our method achieves comparable competitiveness with single-task fully supervised learning in the DR severity grading task.展开更多
Sawtooth activity on HT-7 tokamak has been investigated experimentally mainly by using soft x-ray diode array and magnetic probes. Their behaviors and occurrences are correlated closely to the discharge conditions: th...Sawtooth activity on HT-7 tokamak has been investigated experimentally mainly by using soft x-ray diode array and magnetic probes. Their behaviors and occurrences are correlated closely to the discharge conditions: the electron density Ne, the electron temperature Te, the safety factor qa on plasma boundary and wall condition etc. When central line-averaged electron density Ne(0) is over 2.0×1013cm-3 , major sawtooth activity emerges with a period of up to 6.5 ms and a fluctuation amplitude of up to 2-30 % of SXR radiation signal. In some cases such as the safety factor between 4.2-4.7 and Zeff=3.0-6.0, a monster sawtooth activity often emerges without apparent deterioration of plasma confinement and without major disruption. During these events, abundant MHD phenomena are observed including partial sawtooth oscillations. In this paper, the observed sawtooth behaviors and their dependence on the and their dependence density Ne and wall condition in ohmically heated plasma are introduced, the results are discussed and presented.展开更多
Heat shock proteins (HSPs) are reported to act as effective adjuvants to elicit anti-tumor and anti-infection immunity. Here, we report that Hsp70-like protein 1 (Hsp70L1), a novel HSP derived from human dendritic cel...Heat shock proteins (HSPs) are reported to act as effective adjuvants to elicit anti-tumor and anti-infection immunity. Here, we report that Hsp70-like protein 1 (Hsp70L1), a novel HSP derived from human dendritic cells (DCs), has potent adjuvant effects that polarize responses toward Th1. With a calculated molecular weight of 54.8 kDa, Hsp70L1 is smaller in size than Hsp70 but resembles it both structurally and functionally. Hsp70L1 shares common receptors on DCs with Hsp70 and can interact with DCs, promoting DC maturation and stimulating secretion of the proinflammatory cytokines interleukin 12p70 (IL-12p70), IL-1beta, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), and the chemokines IP-10, macrophage inflammatory protein-1alpha (MIP-1alpha), MIP-1beta, and normal T cell expressed and secreted (RANTES). The induction of interferon-gamma-inducible protein 10 (IP-10) secretion by Hsp70L1 is not shared by Hsp70, and other functional differences include more potent stimulation of DC IL-12p70, CC-chemokine, and CCR7 and CXCR4 expression by Hsp70L1. Immunization of mice with the hybrid peptide Hsp70L1-ovalbumin(OVA)(257-264) induces an OVA(257-264)-specific Th1 response and cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) that results in significant inhibition of E.G7-OVA tumor growth. The ability of Hsp70L1 to activate DCs indicates its potential as a novel adjuvant for use with peptide immunizations; the Hsp70L1 antigen peptide hybrid may serve as a more effective vaccine for the control of cancer and infectious diseases.展开更多
The actively heated fiber-optic(AHFO)technology has become emerged as a research focus due to its advantages of distributed,real-time measurement and good durability.These attributes have led to the gradual applicatio...The actively heated fiber-optic(AHFO)technology has become emerged as a research focus due to its advantages of distributed,real-time measurement and good durability.These attributes have led to the gradual application of AHFO technology to the water content measurement of in situ soil.However,all existing in situ applications of AHFO technology fail to consider the effect of soilesensor contact quality on water content measurements,limiting potential for the wider application of AHFO technology.To address this issue,the authors propose a method for determining the soilesensor thermal contact resistance based on the principle of an infinite cylindrical heat source.This is then used to establish an AHFO water content measurement technology that considers the thermal contact resistance.The reliability and validity of the new measurement technology are explored through a laboratory test and a field case study,and the spatial-temporal evolution of the soil water content in the case is revealed.The results demonstrate that method for determining the soilesensor thermal contact resistance is highly effective and applicable to all types of soils.This method requires only the moisture content,dry density,and thermal response of the in situ soil to be obtained.In the field case,the measurement error of soil water content between the AHFO method,which takes into account the thermal contact resistance,and the neutron scattering method is only 0.011.The water content of in situ soil exhibits a seasonal variation,with an increase in spring and autumn and a decrease in summer and winter.Furthermore,the response of shallow soils to precipitation and evaporation is significant.These findings contribute to the enhancement of the accuracy of the AHFO technology in the measurement of the water content of in situ soils,thereby facilitating the dissemination and utilization of this technology.展开更多
Experimental properties of monster sawtooth activities in ohmic HT-7 plasma are presented in this paper. The monster sawtooth activities belong to global fluctuations and are characterized with a series of large core ...Experimental properties of monster sawtooth activities in ohmic HT-7 plasma are presented in this paper. The monster sawtooth activities belong to global fluctuations and are characterized with a series of large core collapses on SXR intensity traces with a long period, a large amplitude fluctuation and a large inversion radius. However, they emerge without apparent deterioration of plasma confinement and without major plasma disruption. During the events, long partial sawtooth collapses and abundant MHD phenomena are also observed.展开更多
Solar greenhouses have been widely developed in China.Active heat storage walls using air ducts arranged in the walls can improve the walls'thermal performance and indoor temperatures of solar greenhouses.In the p...Solar greenhouses have been widely developed in China.Active heat storage walls using air ducts arranged in the walls can improve the walls'thermal performance and indoor temperatures of solar greenhouses.In the present work,three kinds of air duct layouts,namely straight-up-and-down duct(Z),fork-shaped top-in-bottom-out distribution duct(DF),and“±”-shaped top-in-side-out distribution duct(CF)are designed.The effect of the three air duct layouts on the heat transfer and storage characteristics of the back wall is studied using the computational fluid dynamics(CFD)method.Results show that after the same time period,the transferred heat amount in the back wall with duct DF is the largest,while that with duct CF is slightly greater than that with duct Z.The temperature of the back walls with air ducts is higher than that without air ducts.The air duct DF is the optimal among the three kinds of air duct layouts.The greenhouse with the duct DF in the back wall shows the most obviously increased indoor average temperature,the highest temperature at night,and the most uniform temperature.展开更多
Objective: To study the curative effect of Chinese medicines in treating severe cholestatic hepatitis (SCH).Methods: Three hundred and fifty patients of SCH with total bilirubin level 171 μmol/L were treated with Chi...Objective: To study the curative effect of Chinese medicines in treating severe cholestatic hepatitis (SCH).Methods: Three hundred and fifty patients of SCH with total bilirubin level 171 μmol/L were treated with Chinese medicines. Those with Blood Stasis Syndrome were treated with the recipe mainly consisting of Radix Paeoniae Rubra, and those accompanied by blood Heat, fluid retention in the epigastric region, dampness disseminated in Sanjiao ( ) or Yang deficiency of both Spleen and Kidney were treated with recipe modified according to the symptoms and signs.Results: The treatment was markedly effective in 288 cases and effective in 26 cases, the total effective rate being 89.7%.Conclusion: It is difficult to treat severe cholestatic hepatitis, es pecially the chronic cholestatic good effect of Chinese herbal medicine in eliminating jaundice.展开更多
基金supported by the Soonchunhyang University Research Fund
文摘Background：Relatively few studies on the peripheral sweating mechanisms of trained tennis athletes have been conducted.The purpose of this study was to compare the sweating capacities of tennis athletes against untrained subjects（controls）.Methods：Thirty-fi e healthy male volunteers participated including 15 untrained subjects and 20 trained tennis athletes（nationally ranked）.Active heat generation was performed for 30 min（running at 60%VO2max） in a climate chamber（temperature,25.0°C ± 0.5°C;relative humidity,60% ± 3%,termed active heating）.Sweating data（local sweat onset time,local sweat volume,activated sweat glands,sweat output per gland,whole body sweat loss volume） were measured by the capacitance hygrometer-ventilated capsule method and starch-iodide paper.Mean body temperature was calculated from tympanic and skin temperatures.Results：Local sweat onset time was shorter for tennis athletes（p〈0.001）.Local sweat volume,activated sweat glands of the torso and limbs,sweat output per gland,and whole body sweat loss volume were significant y higher for tennis athletes than control subjects after active heating（p〈0.001）.Tympanic and mean body temperatures were lower among tennis athletes than controls（p〈0.05）.Conclusion：These results indicate that tennis athletes had increased regulatory capacity of their sweat gland function.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.42307189 and 42030701)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(Grant No.2023M740974).
文摘The actively heated fiber-optic(AHFO)technology has emerged as a frontier and hotspot in soil water content measurement,offering advantages such as easy installation,large-scale distributed measurement capability,and resistance to electromagnetic interference.However,current AHFO water content sensors fail to simultaneously achieve high precision,applicability for deep soil,and automated real-time monitoring,thereby limiting their development and application.Therefore,this study introduces a novel actively heated fiber Bragg grating(AH-FBG)cable.Laboratory tests were conducted to assess the heating uniformity of the AH-FBG cable and to establish the temperature characteristic value(T_(t))-soil water content(θ)calibration formula for water content measurement.Subsequently,AH-FBG cables were deployed for in situ soil water content monitoring in a test pit on the Loess Plateau.Through two-year monitoring data verified the accuracy of the AH-FBG cable and elucidated the spatiotemporal distribution of in situ loess water content.Laboratory results demonstrated superior heating uniformity of AHFBG cable,with a T_(t) standard deviation of approximately 0.3℃.In the field,the AH-FBG cable exhibited excellent performance in soil water content measurement,achieving a high accuracy of 0.023 cm^(3)/cm^(3).Further analysis revealed that the θ fluctuation predominantly occurred within a 10 m depth from the soil surface,with an overall upward trend over the two-year monitoring period;the response of shallow θ to precipitation was significant but exhibited increasing hysteresis with depth;frequent precipitation significantly enhanced water infiltration depth.This study provides technical guidance for highprecision,quasi-distributed,automated and real-time water content measurement of deep soil.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of Sichuan Province(Project No.:2022NSFSC1645)Key R&D Program Project of Xinjiang Province(Project No.:2023B02020)National Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation System Sichuan Characteristic Vegetable Innovation Team Project,Sichuan Innovation Team Program of CARS(Project No.:SCCXTD-2024-22)。
文摘In order to explore the influence of water velocity on the heat collection performance of the active heat storage and release system for solar greenhouses,six different flow rates were selected for treatment in this experiment.The comprehensive heat transfer coefficient of the active heat storage and release system at the heat collection stage was calculated by measuring the indoor solar radiation intensity,indoor air temperature and measured water tank temperature.The prediction model of water temperature in the heat collection stage was established,and the initial value of water temperature and the comprehensive heat transfer coefficient were input through MATLAB software.The simulated value of water temperature was compared with the measured value and the results showed that the best heat transfer effect could be achieved when the water flow speed was 1.0 m3h-1.The average relative error between the simulated water tank temperature and the measured value is 2.70-6.91%.The results indicate that the model is established correctly,and the variation trend of water temperature can be predicted according to the model in the heat collection stage.
基金funding support from the Ministry of Science and Technology of China(MOST project number 2019YFE0104900)the Research Council of Norway(NRC project number 304191-ENERGIX)+3 种基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51676094)Gansu Major Science and Technology Projects(22ZD6WA056)Gansu Province Higher Education Industry Support and Guidance Project(2021CYZC33,2022CYZC-28)Lanzhou Talent Innovation and Entrepreneurship Project(2017-RC-34,2020-RC-126).
文摘Passive solar house technology has been spread for many farmers and herdsmen to improve the indoor thermal environment in Tibetan.However,due to lackage of fuels and arid cold in winter,dry cow dung and coal are popularly fired in stove in passive solar houses,which leads to indoor air pollution and poor indoor comfort.For improving indoor thermal comfort of Tibetan,an active solar heating system which consists of 7 sets of tandem solar water heaters with 30 glass evacuated solar tubes,low temperature floor heating and circulation controller was developed and tested for a common house without insulation in Gan-nan Tibetan area.Its indoor environment was compared and evaluated by PMV-PPD and LPD method to that of the same passive solar house heated by coal stove.On sunny,cloudy and snow days,the active solar heating system provided 113.1,46.4 and 26.3 kWh of heat to room.The indoor humidity and wind speed of the experimental building were better.The indoor temperatures were 17.2-20.7,14.9-20.5 and 11.0-14.8℃,while the compared building were 8.9-14.8,10.1-12.1 and 7.2-10.5℃.The maximum temperature difference between head and ankle were 1.7,1.6 and 0.9℃,and the compared building were 4,4 and 4.7℃.The PMV-PPD on sunny day were class I and II;on cloudy day were class I,II and III;on snow day was class III.On sunny and cloudy days,the LPD were class I,on snow day was class I,II and III.The PMV-PPD and LPD for typical days of the compared building were class III.During the 179 days,the mean indoor temperature exceeded 14℃ for 81 days,the solar active heating system provided 12471 kWh of heat to room.The CO_(2) emission reduction was 12905 kg.The system’s dynamic payback period were 2.57 years.
基金supported by the National Center of Pratacultural Technology Innovation(under preparation)Special Fund for Innovation Platform Construction(CCPTZX2023K03)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2023YFD2000600)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32372799).
文摘Winter is a critical period for greenhouse crops production.Multi-source sensors were utilized to quantitatively describe the microclimate distribution patterns and the interactions between crops and greenhouse environment during the winter season.By integrating 3D simulation model,we calculated the energy balance of solar greenhouses,thus assessing the suitability and economic efficiency of several common greenhouse heating devices.The results revealed significant discrepancy in energy demand across different planting areas within the greenhouse,especially in the north-south direction.Significant interactions between crops and greenhouse environment were observed.The presence of cucumber canopies significantly increased relative humidity by 3.0% to 3.8% and negatively impacted air temperature by 1.1℃ to 2.5℃.Considering the energy balance,initial investment in heating devices,usage period,and utilization effectiveness,the light tube radiators were identified as a suitable heating option.Compared to the unheated greenhouse,the heated greenhouse raised minimum temperatures by 5.2℃ to 10.2℃,reduced maximum relative humidity by 4.2% to 14.6%,and had a return-on-investment period of approximately 4.7 years.These findings offer valuable insights for multi-source sensor deployment,distributed control,structure optimization,and heating design in solar greenhouse.
基金supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF)Grant funded through Basic Science Research Program(2021M3H4A1A02050237).
文摘Thermal management is essential in our body as it affects various bodily functions,ranging from thermal discomfort to serious organ failures,as an example of the worst-case scenario.There have been extensive studies about wearable materials and devices that augment thermoregulatory functionalities in our body,employing diverse materials and systematic approaches to attaining thermal homeostasis.This paper reviews the recent progress of functional materials and devices that contribute to thermoregulatory wearables,particularly emphasizing the strategic methodology to regulate body temperature.There exist several methods to promote personal thermal management in a wearable form.For instance,we can impede heat transfer using a thermally insulating material with extremely low thermal conductivity or directly cool and heat the skin surface.Thus,we classify many studies into two branches,passive and active thermal management modes,which are further subdivided into specific strategies.Apart from discussing the strategies and their mechanisms,we also identify the weaknesses of each strategy and scrutinize its potential direction that studies should follow to make substantial contributions to future thermal regulatory wearable industries.
基金financial support for this work by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52273085)the National Natural Science Foundation of Henan Province(No.252300421087).
文摘Wearable thermoregulating fabrics with multi-mode temperature control are of great significance in response to extreme cold weather.Herein,a multi-mode thermoregulating thermoplastic polyurethane(TPU)/MXene fabric(TMF),integrating passive radiation/thermal insulation and active Joule/solar heating,was fabricated via simultaneous electrospinning and electrospraying.The TPU/MXene fabric exhibits passive radiation/thermal insulation performance due to the low infrared emissivity of MXene and the unique porous structure of electrospun membrane,which could prevent human heat loss through radiation and convection.Moreover,the MXene network allows for ideal electrical conductivity(1280 S·m^(−1))and high solar absorption(~93%),thus endowing the TMF with active Joule/solar heating capabilities that can intelligently warm the body in cold environments.In actual tests,the synergistic effect of passive insulation and active heating could improve skin temperature by up to 8.7–10.9℃,which is much higher than passive insulation alone(4.0℃).Additionally,the MXene conductive network provides effective electromagnetic interference(EMI)shielding ability for the thermoregulating fabric,which can be readily adjusted from 38 to 105 dB by stacking the fabric.This issue emphasizes the significant potential of multi-mode thermoregulatory fabric featuring adjustable EMI shielding for future wearable technology.
基金supported by the Key Project of the Ministry of Railway of China(No.2008G031-N and No.2008G032-06)
文摘To investigate the optimum calcination temperature and cementitious properties of gangue, the microstructure of clay-containing gangue calcined at different temperatures was analyzed by X-ray diffraction （XRD）, infrared spectroscopy （IR）, and magnetic angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance （MAS NMR）. The results show that the structure of kaolinite in the gangue sample calcined at 500℃ is destroyed. The XRD spectra show the disappearance of illite at about 800℃ and the formation ofmullite at about 1000℃. With the increase in calcination temperature, octahedral （6-coordinated） aluminum is transformed to tetrahedral （4-coordinated） aluminum gradually. For the gangue sample calcined at 700℃, the 29Si MAS NMR sharp peak of Q4 （framework silicate-quartz） is left. Compared with kaolinite in gangue, the thermal transformed temperature of pure kaolinite is lagged. On the basis of the microstructure and cementitious properties of calcined gangue, the results can be concluded, in order to obtain metakaolinite, the optimum calcination temperature of this gangue is about 500℃, and the optimum temperature is about 700℃ for activated SiO2 and Al2O3.
文摘In the field of medical images,pixel-level labels are time-consuming and expensive to acquire,while image-level labels are relatively easier to obtain.Therefore,it makes sense to learn more information(knowledge)from a small number of hard-to-get pixel-level annotated images to apply to different tasks to maximize their usefulness and save time and training costs.In this paper,using Pixel-Level Labeled Images forMulti-Task Learning(PLDMLT),we focus on grading the severity of fundus images for Diabetic Retinopathy(DR).This is because,for the segmentation task,there is a finely labeled mask,while the severity grading task is without classification labels.To this end,we propose a two-stage multi-label learning weakly supervised algorithm,which generates initial classification pseudo labels in the first stage and visualizes heat maps at all levels of severity using Grad-Cam to further provide medical interpretability for the classification task.A multitask model framework with U-net as the baseline is proposed in the second stage.A label update network is designed to alleviate the gradient balance between the classification and segmentation tasks.Extensive experimental results show that our PLDMLTmethod significantly outperforms other stateof-the-art methods in DR segmentation on two public datasets,achieving up to 98.897%segmentation accuracy.In addition,our method achieves comparable competitiveness with single-task fully supervised learning in the DR severity grading task.
基金the Chinese Nature Science Funds under contract! number 19789501.
文摘Sawtooth activity on HT-7 tokamak has been investigated experimentally mainly by using soft x-ray diode array and magnetic probes. Their behaviors and occurrences are correlated closely to the discharge conditions: the electron density Ne, the electron temperature Te, the safety factor qa on plasma boundary and wall condition etc. When central line-averaged electron density Ne(0) is over 2.0×1013cm-3 , major sawtooth activity emerges with a period of up to 6.5 ms and a fluctuation amplitude of up to 2-30 % of SXR radiation signal. In some cases such as the safety factor between 4.2-4.7 and Zeff=3.0-6.0, a monster sawtooth activity often emerges without apparent deterioration of plasma confinement and without major disruption. During these events, abundant MHD phenomena are observed including partial sawtooth oscillations. In this paper, the observed sawtooth behaviors and their dependence on the and their dependence density Ne and wall condition in ohmically heated plasma are introduced, the results are discussed and presented.
文摘Heat shock proteins (HSPs) are reported to act as effective adjuvants to elicit anti-tumor and anti-infection immunity. Here, we report that Hsp70-like protein 1 (Hsp70L1), a novel HSP derived from human dendritic cells (DCs), has potent adjuvant effects that polarize responses toward Th1. With a calculated molecular weight of 54.8 kDa, Hsp70L1 is smaller in size than Hsp70 but resembles it both structurally and functionally. Hsp70L1 shares common receptors on DCs with Hsp70 and can interact with DCs, promoting DC maturation and stimulating secretion of the proinflammatory cytokines interleukin 12p70 (IL-12p70), IL-1beta, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), and the chemokines IP-10, macrophage inflammatory protein-1alpha (MIP-1alpha), MIP-1beta, and normal T cell expressed and secreted (RANTES). The induction of interferon-gamma-inducible protein 10 (IP-10) secretion by Hsp70L1 is not shared by Hsp70, and other functional differences include more potent stimulation of DC IL-12p70, CC-chemokine, and CCR7 and CXCR4 expression by Hsp70L1. Immunization of mice with the hybrid peptide Hsp70L1-ovalbumin(OVA)(257-264) induces an OVA(257-264)-specific Th1 response and cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) that results in significant inhibition of E.G7-OVA tumor growth. The ability of Hsp70L1 to activate DCs indicates its potential as a novel adjuvant for use with peptide immunizations; the Hsp70L1 antigen peptide hybrid may serve as a more effective vaccine for the control of cancer and infectious diseases.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.42307189 and 42030701)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(Grant No.2023M740974).
文摘The actively heated fiber-optic(AHFO)technology has become emerged as a research focus due to its advantages of distributed,real-time measurement and good durability.These attributes have led to the gradual application of AHFO technology to the water content measurement of in situ soil.However,all existing in situ applications of AHFO technology fail to consider the effect of soilesensor contact quality on water content measurements,limiting potential for the wider application of AHFO technology.To address this issue,the authors propose a method for determining the soilesensor thermal contact resistance based on the principle of an infinite cylindrical heat source.This is then used to establish an AHFO water content measurement technology that considers the thermal contact resistance.The reliability and validity of the new measurement technology are explored through a laboratory test and a field case study,and the spatial-temporal evolution of the soil water content in the case is revealed.The results demonstrate that method for determining the soilesensor thermal contact resistance is highly effective and applicable to all types of soils.This method requires only the moisture content,dry density,and thermal response of the in situ soil to be obtained.In the field case,the measurement error of soil water content between the AHFO method,which takes into account the thermal contact resistance,and the neutron scattering method is only 0.011.The water content of in situ soil exhibits a seasonal variation,with an increase in spring and autumn and a decrease in summer and winter.Furthermore,the response of shallow soils to precipitation and evaporation is significant.These findings contribute to the enhancement of the accuracy of the AHFO technology in the measurement of the water content of in situ soils,thereby facilitating the dissemination and utilization of this technology.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China, Grant No.19789501.
文摘Experimental properties of monster sawtooth activities in ohmic HT-7 plasma are presented in this paper. The monster sawtooth activities belong to global fluctuations and are characterized with a series of large core collapses on SXR intensity traces with a long period, a large amplitude fluctuation and a large inversion radius. However, they emerge without apparent deterioration of plasma confinement and without major plasma disruption. During the events, long partial sawtooth collapses and abundant MHD phenomena are also observed.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31901420)Jiangsu Provincial Natural Science Foundation(Grant No.BK20241174)Key Research and Development Program Project of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region(2023BCF01022).
文摘Solar greenhouses have been widely developed in China.Active heat storage walls using air ducts arranged in the walls can improve the walls'thermal performance and indoor temperatures of solar greenhouses.In the present work,three kinds of air duct layouts,namely straight-up-and-down duct(Z),fork-shaped top-in-bottom-out distribution duct(DF),and“±”-shaped top-in-side-out distribution duct(CF)are designed.The effect of the three air duct layouts on the heat transfer and storage characteristics of the back wall is studied using the computational fluid dynamics(CFD)method.Results show that after the same time period,the transferred heat amount in the back wall with duct DF is the largest,while that with duct CF is slightly greater than that with duct Z.The temperature of the back walls with air ducts is higher than that without air ducts.The air duct DF is the optimal among the three kinds of air duct layouts.The greenhouse with the duct DF in the back wall shows the most obviously increased indoor average temperature,the highest temperature at night,and the most uniform temperature.
文摘Objective: To study the curative effect of Chinese medicines in treating severe cholestatic hepatitis (SCH).Methods: Three hundred and fifty patients of SCH with total bilirubin level 171 μmol/L were treated with Chinese medicines. Those with Blood Stasis Syndrome were treated with the recipe mainly consisting of Radix Paeoniae Rubra, and those accompanied by blood Heat, fluid retention in the epigastric region, dampness disseminated in Sanjiao ( ) or Yang deficiency of both Spleen and Kidney were treated with recipe modified according to the symptoms and signs.Results: The treatment was markedly effective in 288 cases and effective in 26 cases, the total effective rate being 89.7%.Conclusion: It is difficult to treat severe cholestatic hepatitis, es pecially the chronic cholestatic good effect of Chinese herbal medicine in eliminating jaundice.
