[Objective] This study was conducted to screen a synergistic biological fungicide complex to control Fusarium wilt, reducing the use of chemical pesticides. [Method] The inhibitory effects of Bacil us subtilis DJ-6 an...[Objective] This study was conducted to screen a synergistic biological fungicide complex to control Fusarium wilt, reducing the use of chemical pesticides. [Method] The inhibitory effects of Bacil us subtilis DJ-6 and pyraclostrobin alone or in combination at five ratios against Fusarium oxysporum were detected by mea-suring mycelium growth rate in laboratory tests. The growth promotion and disease control effect of combined or single use of 20% pyraclostrobin and 2 ×1011 cfu/g B. subtilis DJ-6 WP at 1∶1 000, 1∶2 000 and 1∶3 000 dilutions were detected in field trials. [Result] The EC50 values of combined use of B. subtilis DJ-6 and pyra-clostrobin at ratios of 1∶1, 1∶2, 1∶3, 1∶4 and 1∶5 against F. oxysporum were 5.311 5, 4.008 6, 3.570 6, 3.350 9 and 3.218 9 μg/ml, with the synergistic ratios （SR） of 2.28, 1.77, 1.53, 1.64, 1.11, among which the synergetic effect at 1∶1 was the best. The fungicidal activity of pyraclostrobin was greater than that of B. subtilis DJ-6 in laboratory tests. Field trials revealed that al the 1∶1 000, 1∶2 000 and 1∶3 000 dilu-tions of 20% pyraclostrobin·2×1011 cfu/g B. subtilis DJ-6 WP in combination, 1∶1 000 dilution of 1 ×1012 cfu/g B. subtilis DJ-6 WP and 1∶2 000 dilution of 250 g/L pyra-clostrobin EC promoted the growth of strawberry by increasing plant height, leaf petiole, leaf blade area and stem diameter. Among them, the treatments with 1∶1 000 and 1∶2 000 of 20% pyraclostrobin · 2×1011 cfu/g B. subtilis DJ-6 WP in combina-tion had better effects than other treatments. The control effects of al the treat-ments were measured 30 and 80 d after fungicide application. The control effects of 1∶1 000 dilution of 20% pyraclostrobin and 2×1011 cfu/g B. subtilis DJ-6 in combina-tion were up to 100% and 93.11%, which were higher than those in al other treat-ments. The second highest control effects were found in the treatment with 1∶ 2 000 dilution of 20% pyraclostrobin and 2×1011 cfu/g B. subtilis DJ-6 in combination, they were 92.49% and 86.49%, higher than those in other treatments except the 1∶1 000 dilution of 20% pyraclostrobin and 2 ×1011 cfu/g B. subtilis DJ-6 in combination. The control effects of 1∶3 000 dilution of 20% pyraclostrobin and 2×1011 cfu/g B. subtilis DJ-6 in combination were 82.61% and 72.42%, higher than those in treatment with 1∶1 000 dilution of 1×1012 cfu/g B. subtilis DJ-6 WP, but lower than those in treat-ment with 1∶2 000 dilution of 25% pyraclostrobin EC. [Conclusion] Al the results re-vealed that the combination use of 20% pyraclostrobin and 2 ×1011 cfu/g B. subtilis DJ-6 WP at 1∶1 000 to 1∶2 000 dilution had better control effect against strawberry Fusarium wilt.展开更多
The in vitro and in vivo effects of corn peptides（CPs） prepared from corn gluten meal by proteolysis with an alkaline protease and fractions of CPs from Sephadex G-15 and G-10 columns on activities of alcohol dehydr...The in vitro and in vivo effects of corn peptides（CPs） prepared from corn gluten meal by proteolysis with an alkaline protease and fractions of CPs from Sephadex G-15 and G-10 columns on activities of alcohol dehydroge-nase（ADH） were studied. The results show that CPs and fraction 3 of CPs from Sephadex G-10 column enhance in vitro ADH activity. Furthermore, the in vitro accelerating effect of the fraction 3 of CPs on ADH activity was superior to that of glutathione, which was also found even in the presence of ADH inhibitor, such as pyrazole. In the in vivo experiments, the animals were fed with different dosages of CPs and with a dose of Chinese distilled spirit orally, and sacrificed for the measurement of ADH activity. In vivo experimental results indicate that CPS enhanced hepatic ADH activities. To test the safety of CPs as health food, 30 d feeding test was performed. No obvious toxic effects were detected in treated Wistar rats.展开更多
Tissue plasminogen activator （tPA） use in the treatment of isch- emic stroke： tPA is a serine protease that catalyzes the breakdown of blood dots. Because of its thrombolytic properties, tPA is used to treat specif...Tissue plasminogen activator （tPA） use in the treatment of isch- emic stroke： tPA is a serine protease that catalyzes the breakdown of blood dots. Because of its thrombolytic properties, tPA is used to treat specific types of stroke, including ischemia, but is contra- indicated for treatment of hemorrhagic stroke or head trauma. Although a life saving and powerful ＇dot buster＇, tPA has a short therapeutic window. When administered outside of this prescribed timeframe, research suggests that tPA can produce neurotoxic ef- fects in the brain, due in part to activation of several signalling pro- cesses associated with cell apoptosis, degradation of the extracel- lular matrix, and increase in the permeability of the neurovascular unit （Yepes et al., 2009）. Concerted research has been dedicated to- ward understanding the mechanisms mediating the impact of tPA on the brain, using both in vivo and in vitro animal models.展开更多
Traumatic brain injury（TBI）remains one of the leading causes of disability and death in infants and children.Studies have demonstrated that the youngest age group（especially≤4 years old）exhibit worse functional o...Traumatic brain injury（TBI）remains one of the leading causes of disability and death in infants and children.Studies have demonstrated that the youngest age group（especially≤4 years old）exhibit worse functional outcome following moderate to severe TBI compared to older children or adults（Anderson et al.,2005;Emami et al.,2017）.These data suggest that age-at-injury may be an important determinant of outcome,展开更多
The effect of oxygen partial pressure （Po2） during the channel layer deposition on bias stability of amorphous indium-gallium-zinc oxide （a-IGZO） thin film transistors （TFTs） is investigated. As Po2 increases fr...The effect of oxygen partial pressure （Po2） during the channel layer deposition on bias stability of amorphous indium-gallium-zinc oxide （a-IGZO） thin film transistors （TFTs） is investigated. As Po2 increases from 10% to 30%, it is found that the device shows enhanced bias stress stability with significantly reduced threshold voltage drift under positive gate bias stress. Based on the x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy measurement, the concentration of oxygen vacancies （Or） within the a-IGZO layer is suppressed by increasing Po2. Meanwhile, the low-frequency noise analysis indicates that the average trap density near the channel/dielectric interface continuously drops with increasing Po2. Therefore, the improved interface quality with increasing Po2 during the channel layer deposition can be attributed to the reduction of interface Ov-related defects, which agrees with the enhanced bias stress stability of the a-IGZO TFTs.展开更多
Wistar rats were exposed to trinitrotoluene (TNT) for 6 weeks. After initiation of TNT exposure, serum phosphorylase A activities and calcium contents were assayed for every 2 weeks. Both of these 2 parameters increas...Wistar rats were exposed to trinitrotoluene (TNT) for 6 weeks. After initiation of TNT exposure, serum phosphorylase A activities and calcium contents were assayed for every 2 weeks. Both of these 2 parameters increased in rats treated with 50 and 100 mg TNT/kg b.w. at 3 intervals. Serum phosphorylase A activities and calcium contents of TNT exposure worker increased too.展开更多
The degradation of U-14C-lindane in two Egyptian soils was determined in a three-month laboratory incubation. Lindane mineralization was slow and limited in both soils. Evolution of 14CO2 increased with time but only ...The degradation of U-14C-lindane in two Egyptian soils was determined in a three-month laboratory incubation. Lindane mineralization was slow and limited in both soils. Evolution of 14CO2 increased with time but only reached 3. 5 to 5. 5 % of the initial 14C-concentration within 90 days. At that time both soils contained about 88 % of the applied radiocarbon; 33 % to 37% of the initial dose was unextractable and assumed bound to the soils. The methanol-ex-tractable 14C primarily contained lindane with traces of minor metabolites. Radiorespirometry was used to eva1uate the effect of lindane on soil microbial activity. Low concentrations of the insecticide initially supressed 14CO2 evolution from U-14C-glucose and microbial activity was significantly inhibited by 10 mg lindane/kg soil.展开更多
In order to understand the effect of powders ground from reactive sandstone replacing cement on reducing or suppressing alkali-silica reaction（ASR）, and to identify the mechanism of suppressing ASR by this powders, ...In order to understand the effect of powders ground from reactive sandstone replacing cement on reducing or suppressing alkali-silica reaction（ASR）, and to identify the mechanism of suppressing ASR by this powders, mortar and paste containing reactive sandstone powders of four replacement levels ranging from 10wt% to 40wt% and four specific surfaces areas ranging from 210 m^2/kg to 860 m^2/kg were studied. The experimental results showed that incorporation of 40wt% reactive sandstone powders could suppress ASR effectively except for mortar containing reactive sandstone powders with specific surface area of 610 m^2/kg, which disagreed with the most results reported that the higher reactive powder specific surface area, the smaller ASR expansion. By means of fl ame photometry, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy（FT-IR） and thermo gravimetric analysis（TG）, the mechanism of reactive sandstone powders on reducing or suppressing ASR was soluble alkalis type of reactive sandstone powders and the competition of liberating and bonding alkali of cement paste containing reactive sandstone powders,when the ability of alkali bonding was greater than the ability of alkali liberation, ASR caused by reactive sandstone was supressed effectively.展开更多
Isothermal effectiveness factors for slab,cylinder and sphere shaped catalysts with uniform or nonuni-form intrinsic activity profiles have been investigated.In the case of zero-,first- and second-order kinetics,the e...Isothermal effectiveness factors for slab,cylinder and sphere shaped catalysts with uniform or nonuni-form intrinsic activity profiles have been investigated.In the case of zero-,first- and second-order kinetics,the effectiveness factors of pellets with increasing activity towards the pellet surface are larger than that ofuniform active catalyst,and they are proportional to the square root of the activity at the pellet surfacewith significant diffusion effect.The effectiveness factor-Thiele modulus curves which are valid for bothuniform and nonuniform catalysts have been obtained with the Thiele modulus modified by equivalent thick-hess of effective layer of the catalyst.Thus,the effectiveness factor for nonuniform active catalyst could bepredicted with a maximun deviation of 5% in the case of significant or insignificant diffusion effect but 10%in general.展开更多
In this paper,the functional polymeric active materials were prepared by the grafting copolymerization and their structure and properties were studied.The results show that the structure and properties of these ac- ti...In this paper,the functional polymeric active materials were prepared by the grafting copolymerization and their structure and properties were studied.The results show that the structure and properties of these ac- tive materials have the relative large effects on the properties of gadolinium ion selective electrodes.展开更多
The effects of peptides,amino acids and organic bases as an axial ligand on reaction ac- tivities in the electrocarboxylation of benzyl chloride with CO_2 catalyzed by CoTPP are reported. The imidazole organic base,pe...The effects of peptides,amino acids and organic bases as an axial ligand on reaction ac- tivities in the electrocarboxylation of benzyl chloride with CO_2 catalyzed by CoTPP are reported. The imidazole organic base,peptide containing —SH and amino acid containing imidazolyl en- hance the catalytic activity.The effect of imidazole amounts on the catalytic activity of CoTPP is studied.展开更多
Unlike acceleration, velocity, and displacement, the time derivative ofacceleration (TDoA) of ground motion has not been extensively studied. In this paper, the basiccharacteristics of TDoA are evaluated based on reco...Unlike acceleration, velocity, and displacement, the time derivative ofacceleration (TDoA) of ground motion has not been extensively studied. In this paper, the basiccharacteristics of TDoA are evaluated based on records from the 1999 Chi-Chi, earthquake (Mw 7.6)and one of its aftershocks (Mw 6.2). It is found that the maximum TDoA at a free-field station wasover 31,200 cm/s3 (31.8 g/s); and the duration of 'strong' TDoA, between the first and the last timepoints exceeding 2,000 cm/s3 (2 g/s), was almost one minute near the epicenter area. Since groundTDoA sensors are not commonly available, the time series are calculated by direct numericaldifferentiation of acceleration time series. Relative error analysis shows that the error isnon-transitive and total error is within 4%. The density function of TDoA amplitude, frequencycontent and spatial distribution of peak ground jerk (PGJ) are evaluated. The study also includesexamination of some TDoA responses from a seven-story building and comparison of ground TDoA withthe limit TDoA used in the transportation industry for ride comfort. Some potential impacts of TDoAon humans have also been reviewed.展开更多
By turning a specifically designed conical part, complete process of metal cutting, in which the chatter occurs and expands, is recorded and analyzed. This process exposes that chatter vibration has two characters cal...By turning a specifically designed conical part, complete process of metal cutting, in which the chatter occurs and expands, is recorded and analyzed. This process exposes that chatter vibration has two characters called continuity and break. The continuity character means that vibration extent enlarges continuously while chatter frequency is almost changeless as the cutting depth extends downwards continuously. The break one is that chatter frequency moves rapidly downwards to a lower level while chatter remains after the cutting depth reach another given value. It is confirmed through an exciting test that the two chatter frequencies obtained in chatter test belong to the natural frequencies of workpiece system and cutting tool system respectively. From the viewpoints of chatter energy supplying and chatter mass effect, the. chatter should occur on one of the two final executive components in its natural frequency. On this basis, a new chatter model with two chatter active bodies is proposed. This new model can better explain the above phenomenon, and adapt to chatter monitoring and improvement of component structure well.展开更多
The electrochemical carbon dioxide reduction reaction(CO_(2)RR),which can produce value-added chemical feedstocks,is a proton-coupled-electron process with sluggish kinetics.Thus,highly efficient,cheap catalysts are u...The electrochemical carbon dioxide reduction reaction(CO_(2)RR),which can produce value-added chemical feedstocks,is a proton-coupled-electron process with sluggish kinetics.Thus,highly efficient,cheap catalysts are urgently required.Transition metal oxides such as CoO_(x),FeO_(x),and NiO_(x)are low-cost,low toxicity,and abundant materials for a wide range of electrochemical reactions,but are almost inert for CO_(2)RR.Here,we report for the first time that nitrogen doped carbon nanotubes(N-CNT)have a surprising activation effect on the activity and selectivity of transition metal-oxide(MO_(x)where M=Fe,Ni,and Co)nanoclusters for CO_(2)RR.MO_(x)supported on N-CNT,MO_(x)/N-CNT,achieves a CO yield of 2.6–2.8 mmol cm−2 min−1 at an overpotential of−0.55 V,which is two orders of magnitude higher than MO_(x)supported on acid treated CNTs(MO_(x)/O-CNT)and four times higher than pristine N-CNT.The faraday efficiency for electrochemical CO_(2)-to-CO conversion is as high as 90.3%at overpotential of 0.44 V.Both in-situ XAS measurements and DFT calculations disclose that MO_(x)nanoclusters can be hydrated in CO_(2)saturated KHCO_(3),and the N defects of N-CNT effectively stabilize these metal hydroxyl species under carbon dioxide reduction reaction conditions,which can split the water molecules and provide local protons to inhibit the poisoning of active sites under carbon dioxide reduction reaction conditions.展开更多
A new series of 1, 2, 4-triazine derivatives possessing indole nucleus were synthesized with an aim to explore their effect on in vitro growth of microorganisms causing microbial infection. In vitro antimicrobial acti...A new series of 1, 2, 4-triazine derivatives possessing indole nucleus were synthesized with an aim to explore their effect on in vitro growth of microorganisms causing microbial infection. In vitro antimicrobial activity was performed against S. aureus, S. epidermidis, P. mirabilis and E. coli using disk diffusion method. The MIC was detected using the double dilution method. The results were compared by calculating percent inhibition area/mg of the compounds with the standard drug ＂Ciprofloxacin＂.Selected compounds were evaluated for toxic effects using human hepatocellular carcinoma（HepG2） cell line by MTT-assay. Results revealed that some compounds of the series were found to exhibit better activity with less toxicity than Ciprofloxacin展开更多
Ultrasonication（US）, which creates hydro-mechanical shear forces in cavitation, is an advanced technology in sludge pretreatment. However, there are many factors affecting the efficacy of cavitation and ultrasonicat...Ultrasonication（US）, which creates hydro-mechanical shear forces in cavitation, is an advanced technology in sludge pretreatment. However, there are many factors affecting the efficacy of cavitation and ultrasonication disintegration of sludge as a consequence.The objective of this work is to present an extensive review of evaluation approaches of sludge US pretreatment efficiency. Besides, optimization methodologies of related parameters,the differences of optimum values and the similarities of affecting trends on cavitation and sludge pretreatment efficiency were specifically pointed out, including ambient conditions,ultrasonic properties, and sludge characteristics. The research is a prerequisite for optimization of sludge US pretreatment efficiency in lab-scale and practical application. There is not-yet a comprehensive method to evaluate the efficiency of sludge US pretreatment, but some main parameters commonly used for this purpose are degree of sludge disintegration, proteins,particle size reduction, etc. Regarding US parameters, power input PUS, intensity IUS, and frequency FSseem to have significant effects. However, the magnitude of the effect of PUSand probe size in terms of IUShas not been clearly detailed. Investigating very low FSseems interesting but has not yet been taken into consideration. In addition, static pressure effect has been marginally studied only and investigation on the effect of pH prior to US process has been restricted. Their effects therefore should be varied separately and simultaneously with other related parameters, i.e. process conditions, ultrasonic properties, and sludge characteristics, to optimize sludge US pretreatment process.展开更多
Previous animal experiments have implied that organophosphate esters（OPEs） have a disruption effect on the thyroid endocrine system. However, knowledge of the toxicological mechanism remains limited. In this study, ...Previous animal experiments have implied that organophosphate esters（OPEs） have a disruption effect on the thyroid endocrine system. However, knowledge of the toxicological mechanism remains limited. In this study, the activities of four OPEs have been characterized against the thyroid hormone（TH） nuclear receptor（TR） using two in vitro models, with the aim of evaluating their toxicity mechanisms towards the TR. The results of a TH-dependent cell proliferation assay showed that tris（2-chloro-1-（chloromethyl）ethyl）phosphate（TDCPP） could induce cell growth, while the other three OPEs had no effect. The results of a luciferase reporter gene assay revealed that all four of the OPEs tested in the current study showed agonistic activity towards TRβ, with TDCPP being the most potent one. Moreover, molecular docking revealed that all the tested OPEs could fit into the ligand binding pocket of TRβ, with TDCPP binding more effectively than the other three OPEs. Taken together, these data suggest that OPEs might disrupt the thyroid endocrine system via a mechanism involving the activation of TR.展开更多
Based on the stress field distribution rule of the mining floor under abutment pressure, we have established a simplified mechanical model, which contains multiple factors relating to activation and evolution of insid...Based on the stress field distribution rule of the mining floor under abutment pressure, we have established a simplified mechanical model, which contains multiple factors relating to activation and evolution of insidious water-conductive faults. The influence of normal and shear stresses on fault activation and effective shear stress distribution in the fault plane was acquired under mining conditions.Using fracture mechanics theory to calculate the stress intensity factor of an insidious fault front, we have derived the criterion for main fault activation. Results indicate that during the whole working face advance, transpressions are exerted on fault planes twice successively in opposite directions. In most cases, the second transpression is more likely to lead to fault activation. Activation is influenced by many factors, predominant among which are: burial depth of the insidious fault, friction angle of the fault plane, face advance direction and pore water pressure. Steep fault planes are more easily activated to induce a sustained water inrush in the face.展开更多
HIV/AIDS has become a worldwide pandemic and highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) is the only generally recognized effective therapy at present. However, various unresolvable problems appear with the widesprea...HIV/AIDS has become a worldwide pandemic and highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) is the only generally recognized effective therapy at present. However, various unresolvable problems appear with the widespread use of HAART. Traditional Chinese Medicine shows good efficacy for intervention in HIV/AIDS and could become an effective treatment option.展开更多
Information regarding decabromodiphenyl ethane （DBDPE） effects on hepatotoxicity and metabolism is limited. In the present study, Wistar rats were given oral DBDPE at different doses. DBDPE induced oxidative stress,...Information regarding decabromodiphenyl ethane （DBDPE） effects on hepatotoxicity and metabolism is limited. In the present study, Wistar rats were given oral DBDPE at different doses. DBDPE induced oxidative stress, elevated blood glucose levels, increased CYP2B2 mRNA, CYP2B1/2 protein, 7-pentoxyresorufin O-depentylase （PROD） activity, and induced CYP3A2 mRNA, CYP3A2 protein, and luciferin benzylether debenzylase （LBD） activity. UDPGT activity increased with its increasing exposure levels, suggesting that oral DBDPE exposure induces drug-metabolizing enzymes in rats via the CAR/PXR signaling pathway. The induction of CYPs and co-regulated enzymes of phase II biotransformation may affect the homeostasis of endogenous substrates, including thyroid hormones, which may, in turn, alter glucose metabolism.展开更多
基金Supported by Agricultural Science and Technology Research and Development Program of Jiangsu Province(BE2012378)Six Talent Peaks Project of Jiangsu Province(2013-NY-001)Agricultural Science and Technology Research and Development Program of Zhenjiang City(NY2014029)~~
文摘[Objective] This study was conducted to screen a synergistic biological fungicide complex to control Fusarium wilt, reducing the use of chemical pesticides. [Method] The inhibitory effects of Bacil us subtilis DJ-6 and pyraclostrobin alone or in combination at five ratios against Fusarium oxysporum were detected by mea-suring mycelium growth rate in laboratory tests. The growth promotion and disease control effect of combined or single use of 20% pyraclostrobin and 2 ×1011 cfu/g B. subtilis DJ-6 WP at 1∶1 000, 1∶2 000 and 1∶3 000 dilutions were detected in field trials. [Result] The EC50 values of combined use of B. subtilis DJ-6 and pyra-clostrobin at ratios of 1∶1, 1∶2, 1∶3, 1∶4 and 1∶5 against F. oxysporum were 5.311 5, 4.008 6, 3.570 6, 3.350 9 and 3.218 9 μg/ml, with the synergistic ratios （SR） of 2.28, 1.77, 1.53, 1.64, 1.11, among which the synergetic effect at 1∶1 was the best. The fungicidal activity of pyraclostrobin was greater than that of B. subtilis DJ-6 in laboratory tests. Field trials revealed that al the 1∶1 000, 1∶2 000 and 1∶3 000 dilu-tions of 20% pyraclostrobin·2×1011 cfu/g B. subtilis DJ-6 WP in combination, 1∶1 000 dilution of 1 ×1012 cfu/g B. subtilis DJ-6 WP and 1∶2 000 dilution of 250 g/L pyra-clostrobin EC promoted the growth of strawberry by increasing plant height, leaf petiole, leaf blade area and stem diameter. Among them, the treatments with 1∶1 000 and 1∶2 000 of 20% pyraclostrobin · 2×1011 cfu/g B. subtilis DJ-6 WP in combina-tion had better effects than other treatments. The control effects of al the treat-ments were measured 30 and 80 d after fungicide application. The control effects of 1∶1 000 dilution of 20% pyraclostrobin and 2×1011 cfu/g B. subtilis DJ-6 in combina-tion were up to 100% and 93.11%, which were higher than those in al other treat-ments. The second highest control effects were found in the treatment with 1∶ 2 000 dilution of 20% pyraclostrobin and 2×1011 cfu/g B. subtilis DJ-6 in combination, they were 92.49% and 86.49%, higher than those in other treatments except the 1∶1 000 dilution of 20% pyraclostrobin and 2 ×1011 cfu/g B. subtilis DJ-6 in combination. The control effects of 1∶3 000 dilution of 20% pyraclostrobin and 2×1011 cfu/g B. subtilis DJ-6 in combination were 82.61% and 72.42%, higher than those in treatment with 1∶1 000 dilution of 1×1012 cfu/g B. subtilis DJ-6 WP, but lower than those in treat-ment with 1∶2 000 dilution of 25% pyraclostrobin EC. [Conclusion] Al the results re-vealed that the combination use of 20% pyraclostrobin and 2 ×1011 cfu/g B. subtilis DJ-6 WP at 1∶1 000 to 1∶2 000 dilution had better control effect against strawberry Fusarium wilt.
基金Supported by the Science Research Foundation of Jilin Agricultural University, China(No.205-00370)
文摘The in vitro and in vivo effects of corn peptides（CPs） prepared from corn gluten meal by proteolysis with an alkaline protease and fractions of CPs from Sephadex G-15 and G-10 columns on activities of alcohol dehydroge-nase（ADH） were studied. The results show that CPs and fraction 3 of CPs from Sephadex G-10 column enhance in vitro ADH activity. Furthermore, the in vitro accelerating effect of the fraction 3 of CPs on ADH activity was superior to that of glutathione, which was also found even in the presence of ADH inhibitor, such as pyrazole. In the in vivo experiments, the animals were fed with different dosages of CPs and with a dose of Chinese distilled spirit orally, and sacrificed for the measurement of ADH activity. In vivo experimental results indicate that CPS enhanced hepatic ADH activities. To test the safety of CPs as health food, 30 d feeding test was performed. No obvious toxic effects were detected in treated Wistar rats.
文摘Tissue plasminogen activator （tPA） use in the treatment of isch- emic stroke： tPA is a serine protease that catalyzes the breakdown of blood dots. Because of its thrombolytic properties, tPA is used to treat specific types of stroke, including ischemia, but is contra- indicated for treatment of hemorrhagic stroke or head trauma. Although a life saving and powerful ＇dot buster＇, tPA has a short therapeutic window. When administered outside of this prescribed timeframe, research suggests that tPA can produce neurotoxic ef- fects in the brain, due in part to activation of several signalling pro- cesses associated with cell apoptosis, degradation of the extracel- lular matrix, and increase in the permeability of the neurovascular unit （Yepes et al., 2009）. Concerted research has been dedicated to- ward understanding the mechanisms mediating the impact of tPA on the brain, using both in vivo and in vitro animal models.
文摘Traumatic brain injury（TBI）remains one of the leading causes of disability and death in infants and children.Studies have demonstrated that the youngest age group（especially≤4 years old）exhibit worse functional outcome following moderate to severe TBI compared to older children or adults（Anderson et al.,2005;Emami et al.,2017）.These data suggest that age-at-injury may be an important determinant of outcome,
基金Supported by the National Basic Research Program of China under Grant Nos 2010CB327504,2011CB922100 and2011CB301900the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant Nos 11104130 and 61322112+2 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province under Grant Nos BK2011556 and BK2011050the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutionsand the NUPTSF Grant Nos NY213069 and NY214028
文摘The effect of oxygen partial pressure （Po2） during the channel layer deposition on bias stability of amorphous indium-gallium-zinc oxide （a-IGZO） thin film transistors （TFTs） is investigated. As Po2 increases from 10% to 30%, it is found that the device shows enhanced bias stress stability with significantly reduced threshold voltage drift under positive gate bias stress. Based on the x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy measurement, the concentration of oxygen vacancies （Or） within the a-IGZO layer is suppressed by increasing Po2. Meanwhile, the low-frequency noise analysis indicates that the average trap density near the channel/dielectric interface continuously drops with increasing Po2. Therefore, the improved interface quality with increasing Po2 during the channel layer deposition can be attributed to the reduction of interface Ov-related defects, which agrees with the enhanced bias stress stability of the a-IGZO TFTs.
文摘Wistar rats were exposed to trinitrotoluene (TNT) for 6 weeks. After initiation of TNT exposure, serum phosphorylase A activities and calcium contents were assayed for every 2 weeks. Both of these 2 parameters increased in rats treated with 50 and 100 mg TNT/kg b.w. at 3 intervals. Serum phosphorylase A activities and calcium contents of TNT exposure worker increased too.
文摘The degradation of U-14C-lindane in two Egyptian soils was determined in a three-month laboratory incubation. Lindane mineralization was slow and limited in both soils. Evolution of 14CO2 increased with time but only reached 3. 5 to 5. 5 % of the initial 14C-concentration within 90 days. At that time both soils contained about 88 % of the applied radiocarbon; 33 % to 37% of the initial dose was unextractable and assumed bound to the soils. The methanol-ex-tractable 14C primarily contained lindane with traces of minor metabolites. Radiorespirometry was used to eva1uate the effect of lindane on soil microbial activity. Low concentrations of the insecticide initially supressed 14CO2 evolution from U-14C-glucose and microbial activity was significantly inhibited by 10 mg lindane/kg soil.
基金Funded partly by the the National 973 Program of China(No.2013CB035901)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51379163)
文摘In order to understand the effect of powders ground from reactive sandstone replacing cement on reducing or suppressing alkali-silica reaction（ASR）, and to identify the mechanism of suppressing ASR by this powders, mortar and paste containing reactive sandstone powders of four replacement levels ranging from 10wt% to 40wt% and four specific surfaces areas ranging from 210 m^2/kg to 860 m^2/kg were studied. The experimental results showed that incorporation of 40wt% reactive sandstone powders could suppress ASR effectively except for mortar containing reactive sandstone powders with specific surface area of 610 m^2/kg, which disagreed with the most results reported that the higher reactive powder specific surface area, the smaller ASR expansion. By means of fl ame photometry, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy（FT-IR） and thermo gravimetric analysis（TG）, the mechanism of reactive sandstone powders on reducing or suppressing ASR was soluble alkalis type of reactive sandstone powders and the competition of liberating and bonding alkali of cement paste containing reactive sandstone powders,when the ability of alkali bonding was greater than the ability of alkali liberation, ASR caused by reactive sandstone was supressed effectively.
文摘Isothermal effectiveness factors for slab,cylinder and sphere shaped catalysts with uniform or nonuni-form intrinsic activity profiles have been investigated.In the case of zero-,first- and second-order kinetics,the effectiveness factors of pellets with increasing activity towards the pellet surface are larger than that ofuniform active catalyst,and they are proportional to the square root of the activity at the pellet surfacewith significant diffusion effect.The effectiveness factor-Thiele modulus curves which are valid for bothuniform and nonuniform catalysts have been obtained with the Thiele modulus modified by equivalent thick-hess of effective layer of the catalyst.Thus,the effectiveness factor for nonuniform active catalyst could bepredicted with a maximun deviation of 5% in the case of significant or insignificant diffusion effect but 10%in general.
文摘In this paper,the functional polymeric active materials were prepared by the grafting copolymerization and their structure and properties were studied.The results show that the structure and properties of these ac- tive materials have the relative large effects on the properties of gadolinium ion selective electrodes.
文摘The effects of peptides,amino acids and organic bases as an axial ligand on reaction ac- tivities in the electrocarboxylation of benzyl chloride with CO_2 catalyzed by CoTPP are reported. The imidazole organic base,peptide containing —SH and amino acid containing imidazolyl en- hance the catalytic activity.The effect of imidazole amounts on the catalytic activity of CoTPP is studied.
基金National Science Foundation Under Grant No.CMS-0202846
文摘Unlike acceleration, velocity, and displacement, the time derivative ofacceleration (TDoA) of ground motion has not been extensively studied. In this paper, the basiccharacteristics of TDoA are evaluated based on records from the 1999 Chi-Chi, earthquake (Mw 7.6)and one of its aftershocks (Mw 6.2). It is found that the maximum TDoA at a free-field station wasover 31,200 cm/s3 (31.8 g/s); and the duration of 'strong' TDoA, between the first and the last timepoints exceeding 2,000 cm/s3 (2 g/s), was almost one minute near the epicenter area. Since groundTDoA sensors are not commonly available, the time series are calculated by direct numericaldifferentiation of acceleration time series. Relative error analysis shows that the error isnon-transitive and total error is within 4%. The density function of TDoA amplitude, frequencycontent and spatial distribution of peak ground jerk (PGJ) are evaluated. The study also includesexamination of some TDoA responses from a seven-story building and comparison of ground TDoA withthe limit TDoA used in the transportation industry for ride comfort. Some potential impacts of TDoAon humans have also been reviewed.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(No, 50575232).
文摘By turning a specifically designed conical part, complete process of metal cutting, in which the chatter occurs and expands, is recorded and analyzed. This process exposes that chatter vibration has two characters called continuity and break. The continuity character means that vibration extent enlarges continuously while chatter frequency is almost changeless as the cutting depth extends downwards continuously. The break one is that chatter frequency moves rapidly downwards to a lower level while chatter remains after the cutting depth reach another given value. It is confirmed through an exciting test that the two chatter frequencies obtained in chatter test belong to the natural frequencies of workpiece system and cutting tool system respectively. From the viewpoints of chatter energy supplying and chatter mass effect, the. chatter should occur on one of the two final executive components in its natural frequency. On this basis, a new chatter model with two chatter active bodies is proposed. This new model can better explain the above phenomenon, and adapt to chatter monitoring and improvement of component structure well.
基金Y.C.and J.C.are contributed equally to the paper.Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (U19A2017)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central South University and the Australian Research Council (DP180100731 and DP180100568)。
文摘The electrochemical carbon dioxide reduction reaction(CO_(2)RR),which can produce value-added chemical feedstocks,is a proton-coupled-electron process with sluggish kinetics.Thus,highly efficient,cheap catalysts are urgently required.Transition metal oxides such as CoO_(x),FeO_(x),and NiO_(x)are low-cost,low toxicity,and abundant materials for a wide range of electrochemical reactions,but are almost inert for CO_(2)RR.Here,we report for the first time that nitrogen doped carbon nanotubes(N-CNT)have a surprising activation effect on the activity and selectivity of transition metal-oxide(MO_(x)where M=Fe,Ni,and Co)nanoclusters for CO_(2)RR.MO_(x)supported on N-CNT,MO_(x)/N-CNT,achieves a CO yield of 2.6–2.8 mmol cm−2 min−1 at an overpotential of−0.55 V,which is two orders of magnitude higher than MO_(x)supported on acid treated CNTs(MO_(x)/O-CNT)and four times higher than pristine N-CNT.The faraday efficiency for electrochemical CO_(2)-to-CO conversion is as high as 90.3%at overpotential of 0.44 V.Both in-situ XAS measurements and DFT calculations disclose that MO_(x)nanoclusters can be hydrated in CO_(2)saturated KHCO_(3),and the N defects of N-CNT effectively stabilize these metal hydroxyl species under carbon dioxide reduction reaction conditions,which can split the water molecules and provide local protons to inhibit the poisoning of active sites under carbon dioxide reduction reaction conditions.
基金UGC(No.F no-43-172/2014(SR))UGC MANF scheme wide letter No.F.40-65(C/M)/2009(SA-III/MANF)for providing financial assistance
文摘A new series of 1, 2, 4-triazine derivatives possessing indole nucleus were synthesized with an aim to explore their effect on in vitro growth of microorganisms causing microbial infection. In vitro antimicrobial activity was performed against S. aureus, S. epidermidis, P. mirabilis and E. coli using disk diffusion method. The MIC was detected using the double dilution method. The results were compared by calculating percent inhibition area/mg of the compounds with the standard drug ＂Ciprofloxacin＂.Selected compounds were evaluated for toxic effects using human hepatocellular carcinoma（HepG2） cell line by MTT-assay. Results revealed that some compounds of the series were found to exhibit better activity with less toxicity than Ciprofloxacin
基金financial support from the Ministry of Education and Training of Vietnam and Institut National Polytechnique of Toulouse (France)
文摘Ultrasonication（US）, which creates hydro-mechanical shear forces in cavitation, is an advanced technology in sludge pretreatment. However, there are many factors affecting the efficacy of cavitation and ultrasonication disintegration of sludge as a consequence.The objective of this work is to present an extensive review of evaluation approaches of sludge US pretreatment efficiency. Besides, optimization methodologies of related parameters,the differences of optimum values and the similarities of affecting trends on cavitation and sludge pretreatment efficiency were specifically pointed out, including ambient conditions,ultrasonic properties, and sludge characteristics. The research is a prerequisite for optimization of sludge US pretreatment efficiency in lab-scale and practical application. There is not-yet a comprehensive method to evaluate the efficiency of sludge US pretreatment, but some main parameters commonly used for this purpose are degree of sludge disintegration, proteins,particle size reduction, etc. Regarding US parameters, power input PUS, intensity IUS, and frequency FSseem to have significant effects. However, the magnitude of the effect of PUSand probe size in terms of IUShas not been clearly detailed. Investigating very low FSseems interesting but has not yet been taken into consideration. In addition, static pressure effect has been marginally studied only and investigation on the effect of pH prior to US process has been restricted. Their effects therefore should be varied separately and simultaneously with other related parameters, i.e. process conditions, ultrasonic properties, and sludge characteristics, to optimize sludge US pretreatment process.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 21407168, 21377142 and 21477146)the Young Scientists Fund of RCEES (No. RCEES-QN-20130004F)Chinese Academy of Sciences (Nos. XDB14040100 and YSW2013A01)
文摘Previous animal experiments have implied that organophosphate esters（OPEs） have a disruption effect on the thyroid endocrine system. However, knowledge of the toxicological mechanism remains limited. In this study, the activities of four OPEs have been characterized against the thyroid hormone（TH） nuclear receptor（TR） using two in vitro models, with the aim of evaluating their toxicity mechanisms towards the TR. The results of a TH-dependent cell proliferation assay showed that tris（2-chloro-1-（chloromethyl）ethyl）phosphate（TDCPP） could induce cell growth, while the other three OPEs had no effect. The results of a luciferase reporter gene assay revealed that all four of the OPEs tested in the current study showed agonistic activity towards TRβ, with TDCPP being the most potent one. Moreover, molecular docking revealed that all the tested OPEs could fit into the ligand binding pocket of TRβ, with TDCPP binding more effectively than the other three OPEs. Taken together, these data suggest that OPEs might disrupt the thyroid endocrine system via a mechanism involving the activation of TR.
基金funded by the Major Basic Research and Development Program of China(No.2014CB046905)the Ph.D.Programs Foundation of Ministry of Education of China(No.20130095110018)
文摘Based on the stress field distribution rule of the mining floor under abutment pressure, we have established a simplified mechanical model, which contains multiple factors relating to activation and evolution of insidious water-conductive faults. The influence of normal and shear stresses on fault activation and effective shear stress distribution in the fault plane was acquired under mining conditions.Using fracture mechanics theory to calculate the stress intensity factor of an insidious fault front, we have derived the criterion for main fault activation. Results indicate that during the whole working face advance, transpressions are exerted on fault planes twice successively in opposite directions. In most cases, the second transpression is more likely to lead to fault activation. Activation is influenced by many factors, predominant among which are: burial depth of the insidious fault, friction angle of the fault plane, face advance direction and pore water pressure. Steep fault planes are more easily activated to induce a sustained water inrush in the face.
文摘HIV/AIDS has become a worldwide pandemic and highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) is the only generally recognized effective therapy at present. However, various unresolvable problems appear with the widespread use of HAART. Traditional Chinese Medicine shows good efficacy for intervention in HIV/AIDS and could become an effective treatment option.
基金financial support from the National Science and Technology Programme"Research&Development on Suitable Key Technologies of the Village Environmental Monitoring(2012BAJ24B02)"
文摘Information regarding decabromodiphenyl ethane （DBDPE） effects on hepatotoxicity and metabolism is limited. In the present study, Wistar rats were given oral DBDPE at different doses. DBDPE induced oxidative stress, elevated blood glucose levels, increased CYP2B2 mRNA, CYP2B1/2 protein, 7-pentoxyresorufin O-depentylase （PROD） activity, and induced CYP3A2 mRNA, CYP3A2 protein, and luciferin benzylether debenzylase （LBD） activity. UDPGT activity increased with its increasing exposure levels, suggesting that oral DBDPE exposure induces drug-metabolizing enzymes in rats via the CAR/PXR signaling pathway. The induction of CYPs and co-regulated enzymes of phase II biotransformation may affect the homeostasis of endogenous substrates, including thyroid hormones, which may, in turn, alter glucose metabolism.
